Acetylcholine

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Silent" NMDA Synapses Enhance Motion Sensitivity in a Mature Retinal Circuit. 
  • ADHD and smoking: from genes to brain to behavior. 
  • Acetylcholine Modulates Cerebellar Granule Cell Spiking by Regulating the Balance of Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition. 
  • Acetylcholine promotes the proliferation and collagen gene expression of myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cells. 
  • Acetylcholine receptors from electroplax membranes: in vitro and in situ properties. 
  • Additive and synergistic effects of fetal nicotine and dexamethasone exposure on cholinergic synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood: Implications for the adverse consequences of maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm delivery. 
  • Adolescent nicotine treatment changes the response of acetylcholine systems to subsequent nicotine administration in adulthood. 
  • Alcoholism and depressive disorders: is cholinergic sensitivity a biological marker? 
  • Alpha 1-adrenoceptor activity in arterial smooth muscle following congestive heart failure. 
  • Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors targeted by cholinergic developmental neurotoxicants: nicotine and chlorpyrifos. 
  • Alterations in neurotransmitter activity after acute and chronic ethanol treatment: studies of transmitter interactions. 
  • Altered distribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities in the developing rat dentate gyrus following entorhinal lesion. 
  • Altered localization of choline transporter sites in the mouse hippocampus after prenatal heroin exposure. 
  • Amyloid precursor protein 96-110 and beta-amyloid 1-42 elicit developmental anomalies in sea urchin embryos and larvae that are alleviated by neurotransmitter analogs for acetylcholine, serotonin and cannabinoids. 
  • An analysis of the effects of acetylcholine on conduction and refractoriness in the rabbit sinus node. 
  • An immunologically induced defect of neuromuscular transmission in rats and rabbits. 
  • Autoradiographic distribution of high affinity muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled with [3H]acetylcholine in rat brain. 
  • BDE99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether) suppresses differentiation into neurotransmitter phenotypes in PC12 cells. 
  • Barbiturate effects on acetylcholine-activated channels in Aplysia neurons. 
  • Behavioral and neurochemical consequences of ibotenic acid lesion in the subthalamic nucleus of the common marmoset. 
  • Behavioral deficits during early stages of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans result from locomotory deficits possibly linked to muscle frailty. 
  • Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease. 
  • Bioengineered human myobundles mimic clinical responses of skeletal muscle to drugs. 
  • Biological evaluation of some biphenyl analogs of acetyl-seco-hemicholinium No. 3. 
  • Biological evaluation of some norphenyl analogs of hemicholinium No. 3 and acetyl-seco-hemicholinium No. 3. 
  • Biological evaluation of some terphenyl analogs of hemicholinium No. 3. 
  • Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of harmine. 
  • Cellular mechanisms mediating agonist-stimulated calcium influx in the pancreatic acinar cell. 
  • Characterization of procaine metabolism as probe for the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme investigation by simultaneous determination of procaine and its metabolite using capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. 
  • Chlorpyrifos exposure during neurulation: cholinergic synaptic dysfunction and cellular alterations in brain regions at adolescence and adulthood. 
  • Cholinergic agonists inhibit HMGB1 release and improve survival in experimental sepsis. 
  • Cholinergic and adrenergic activating agents as antagonists of the EEG effects of hemicholinium-3. 
  • Cholinergic mechanisms involved with histamine hyperreactivity in immune rabbit airways challenged with ragweed antigen. 
  • Cholinergic projections to the visual thalamus and superior colliculus. 
  • Cholinergic stimulation of phosphatidic acid formation by rat cornea in vitro. 
  • Cholinergic stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis by rat corneal epithelium in vitro. 
  • Cholinergic-dopaminergic interactions in cognitive performance. 
  • Cholinergic-dopaminergic interactions in radial-arm maze performance. 
  • Clinical neurophysiology of disorders of the neuromuscular junction. 
  • Colchicine administered into the area of the nucleus basalis decreases cortical nicotinic cholinergic receptors labelled by [3H]-acetylcholine. 
  • Comparative antidopaminergic properties of thioridazine, mesoridazine and sulforidazine on the corpus striatum. 
  • Comparative dopamine-cholinergic mechanisms in the olfactory tubercle and the striatum: effects of metoclopramide. 
  • Comparative effects of L-NNA and alkyl esters of L-NNA on pulmonary vasodilator responses to ACh, BK, and SP. 
  • Complex neuronal systems: approach to development of new strategies in the treatment of epilepsy. 
  • Consumption of a high-fat diet in adulthood ameliorates the effects of neonatal parathion exposure on acetylcholine systems in rat brain regions. 
  • Deciphering function of the pulmonary arterial sphincters in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). 
  • Deficits in development of central cholinergic pathways caused by fetal nicotine exposure: differential effects on choline acetyltransferase activity and [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding. 
  • Depletion of arterial L-arginine causes reversible tolerance to endothelium-dependent relaxation. 
  • Development of high affinity choline uptake and associated acetylcholine synthesis in the rat fascia dentata. 
  • Developmental biology. Branching takes nerve. 
  • Developmental neurotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos on acetylcholine and serotonin pathways in an avian model. 
  • Diabetic retinopathy is related to both endothelium-dependent and -independent responses of skin microvascular flow. 
  • Disruption of rat forebrain development by glucocorticoids: critical perinatal periods for effects on neural cell acquisition and on cell signaling cascades mediating noradrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter/neurotrophic responses. 
  • Distribution of bronchoconstrictor responses in isolated-perfused rat lung. 
  • Dopaminergic control of corticostriatal long-term synaptic depression in medium spiny neurons is mediated by cholinergic interneurons. 
  • Dopaminergic drugs reverse the impairment of radial-arm maze performance caused by lesions involving the cholinergic medial pathway. 
  • Early postnatal parathion exposure in rats causes sex-selective cognitive impairment and neurotransmitter defects which emerge in aging. 
  • Effect of cooling on the responsiveness of canine tracheal muscle. 
  • Effect of denervation on endothelium-derived relaxing factor-dependent relaxation in the rat cremaster muscle. 
  • Effect of substance P on neurally mediated contraction of rabbit airway smooth muscle. 
  • Effects of barbiturates on inhibitory and excitatory responses to applied neurotransmitters in Aplysia. 
  • Effects of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) on CA3 and CA1 responses in rat hippocampus. 
  • Effects of hemicholinium (HC-3) on EEG activation and brain acetylcholine in the dog. 
  • Effects of neurochemicals upon a dinoflagellate photoresponse. 
  • Effects of physostigmine on rat brain acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase and conditioned pole jumping. 
  • Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in the Human Right Ventricular Outflow Tract. 
  • Endothelin activates voltage-dependent Ca2+ current by a G protein-dependent mechanism in rabbit cardiac myocytes. 
  • Endothelium modulation of the effects of nitroglycerin on blood vessels from dogs with pacing-induced heart failure. 
  • Endothelium-dependent relaxations in canine coronary arteries are enhanced in early heart failure and persist in recovery. 
  • Enhanced Electrical Field Stimulated Nitrergic and Purinergic Vasoreactivity in Distal vs Proximal Internal Pudendal Arteries. 
  • Enhanced affective aggression in genetically bred hypercholinergic rats. 
  • Evidence for an agonist independent down regulation of hippocampal muscarinic receptors in kindling. 
  • Excitatory and inhibitory circuitry in the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus. 
  • Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: effects of calcium and potassium on the spontaneous release of neuromuscular transmitter. 
  • Experimental thalamic epileptic discharge. 
  • Exposure of neonatal rats to parathion elicits sex-selective impairment of acetylcholine systems in brain regions during adolescence and adulthood. 
  • Extracellular acetylcholine is increased in the nucleus accumbens following the presentation of an aversively conditioned taste stimulus. 
  • GLOBAL REACH 2018: intra-arterial vitamin C improves endothelial-dependent vasodilatory function in humans at high altitude. 
  • Gain modulation by nicotine in macaque v1. 
  • Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase improves relaxation of carotid arteries from diabetic rabbits. 
  • Gestational dexamethasone treatment elicits sex-dependent alterations in locomotor activity, reward-based memory and hippocampal cholinergic function in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Hemodynamic effects of vasorelaxant compounds in mice lacking one, two or all three angiotensin II receptors. 
  • Hepatic haemodynamic changes following inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing and hyperpolarising factors in anaesthetised miniature pigs. 
  • Heterogeneity of vasomotor response to acetylcholine along the human coronary artery. 
  • High-affinity binding of [3H]acetylcholine to muscarinic cholinergic receptors. 
  • Hippocampal alpha 7 and alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptors and working memory. 
  • Homeostatic regulation of airway smooth muscle tone by catecholamine secretion in swine. 
  • Human Vascular Microphysiological System for in vitro Drug Screening. 
  • Identification of acetylcholine receptors in adult rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • Identification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in isolated canine lingual epithelia via voltage clamp measurements. 
  • Impact of enalapril therapy on in vitro coronary artery responsiveness in pacing-induced heart failure. 
  • In vivo evidence of the specificity of effects of GABA(A) receptor modulating medications. 
  • In vivo regulation of [3H]acetylcholine recognition sites in brain by nicotinic cholinergic drugs. 
  • Influence of splanchnic intravascular volume changes on cardiac output during muscarinic receptor stimulation in the anaesthetized dog. 
  • Inhibitory role of the coronary arterial endothelium to alpha-adrenergic stimulation in experimental heart failure. 
  • Interleukin-1 beta decreases acetylcholine measured by microdialysis in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. 
  • Intracellular magnesium does not antagonize calcium-dependent acetylcholine secretion. 
  • Investigation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and acyl-binding sites on avian fatty acid synthase. 
  • L-arginine augments endothelium-dependent vasodilation in cholesterol-fed rabbits. 
  • Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: clinical diagnosis, immune-mediated mechanisms, and update on therapies. 
  • Lesion-induced plasticity of high affinity choline uptake in the developing rat fascia dentata. 
  • Maturation of acetylcholinesterase expression in tracheal smooth muscle contraction. 
  • Methylene blue inhibits neurogenic cholinergic vasodilator responses in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat. 
  • Mice deficient for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter are myasthenic and have deficits in object and social recognition. 
  • Modulatory compartments in cortex and local regulation of cholinergic tone. 
  • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in macaque V1 are most frequently expressed by parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons. 
  • Myasthenia gravis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: relationship to chronic graft-versus-host disease. 
  • Myocardial guanylate cyclase: properties of the enzyme and effects of cholinergic agonists in vitro. 
  • N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester selectively inhibits pulmonary vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and bradykinin. 
  • Neonatal exposure to low doses of diazinon: long-term effects on neural cell development and acetylcholine systems. 
  • Neuromodulation mediated by neurokinin-1 subtype receptors in adult rabbit airways. 
  • Neuromuscular blocking agents' differential bronchoconstrictive potential in Guinea pig airways. 
  • Neurotransmitter Imbalance in the Brain and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. 
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine involvement in cognitive function in animals. 
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit is an essential regulator of inflammation. 
  • Nicotinic binding in rat brain: autoradiographic comparison of [3H]acetylcholine, [3H]nicotine, and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin. 
  • Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding sites in the brain: regulation in vivo. 
  • Nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled by [3H]acetylcholine in rat brain. 
  • Nicotinic involvement in memory function in zebrafish. 
  • Ontogenic expression of acetylcholinesterase activity in trachealis of young swine. 
  • Ontogeny of dry gas hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. 
  • Paternal Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure Prior to Mating Elicits Deficits in Cholinergic Synaptic Function in the Offspring. 
  • Penicillin effects on iontophoretic responses in Aplysia californica. 
  • Perinatal diazinon exposure compromises the development of acetylcholine and serotonin systems. 
  • Permanent, sex-selective effects of prenatal or adolescent nicotine exposure, separately or sequentially, in rat brain regions: indices of cholinergic and serotonergic synaptic function, cell signaling, and neural cell number and size at 6 months of age. 
  • Persistent cholinergic presynaptic deficits after neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure. 
  • Pharmacologic activation of the human coronary microcirculation in vitro: endothelium-dependent dilation and differential responses to acetylcholine. 
  • Physiological mechanisms mediating enhanced force generation during development and immune sensitization. 
  • Physiological receptors as physicochemical entities. 
  • Postsynaptic effect of La3+ at the frog neuromuscular junction. 
  • Potentiation of vagal contractile response by thromboxane mimetic U-46619. 
  • Pregnancy and estradiol decrease GTPase activity in the guinea pig uterine artery. 
  • Prenatal nicotine alters the developmental neurotoxicity of postnatal chlorpyrifos directed toward cholinergic systems: better, worse, or just "different?". 
  • Presynaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled by [3H]acetylcholine on catecholamine and serotonin axons in brain. 
  • Prolonged inhibition in burst firing neurons: synaptic inactivation of the slow regenerative inward current. 
  • Psychopharmacological investigations of a lead-induced long-term cognitive deficit in monkeys. 
  • Pulmonary vasodilator responses to RP 52891 are mediated by activation of a glibenclamide-sensitive K+ATP channel. 
  • Quantitative autoradiography of nicotinic [3H]acetylcholine binding sites in rat brain. 
  • Rapacuronium augments acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction via positive allosteric interactions at the M3 muscarinic receptor. 
  • Regression of atherosclerosis in monkeys reduces vascular superoxide levels. 
  • Responses to propofol in the pulmonary vascular bed of the rat. 
  • Role of cholinergic mechanisms in states of wakefulness and sleep. 
  • S100A8 protein attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness by suppressing the contraction of airway smooth muscle. 
  • Sensorimotor deficits and increased brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors following exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or nicotine in rats. 
  • Separate or sequential exposure to nicotine prenatally and in adulthood: persistent effects on acetylcholine systems in rat brain regions. 
  • Serum apolipoproteins are associated with systemic and retinal microvascular function in people with diabetes. 
  • Silver impairs neurodevelopment: studies in PC12 cells. 
  • Soluble miniagrin enhances contractile function of engineered skeletal muscle. 
  • Somatostatin augments the M-current in hippocampal neurons. 
  • Spatiotemporal coupling between hippocampal acetylcholine release and theta oscillations in vivo. 
  • Splenectomy inactivates the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway during lethal endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. 
  • Structure and function of dual-source cholinergic modulation in early vision. 
  • Superoxide production, risk factors, and endothelium-dependent relaxations in human internal mammary arteries. 
  • Sympathetic nervous system regulation of liver repair. 
  • Synaptic mechanism of pentylenetetrazole: selectivity for chloride conductance. 
  • Synaptic organization and acetylcholine sensitivity of multiply innervated autonomic ganglion cells. 
  • The acute toxicity of drugs acting at cholinoceptive sites and twenty-four hour rhythms in brain acetylcholine. 
  • The beta-adrenergic receptor. 
  • The effect of contractile activity on fibrillation and extrajunctional acetylcholine-sensitivity in rat muscle maintained in organ culture. 
  • The kindling model of epilepsy: a critical review. 
  • The sea urchin embryo as a model for mammalian developmental neurotoxicity: ontogenesis of the high-affinity choline transporter and its role in cholinergic trophic activity. 
  • The vasodilator effects of clevidipine on human internal mammary artery. 
  • Transcriptional profiles reveal similarities and differences in the effects of developmental neurotoxicants on differentiation into neurotransmitter phenotypes in PC12 cells. 
  • Tris buffer attenuates acetylcholine responses in Aplysia neurons. 
  • Unified thalamic model generates multiple distinct oscillations with state-dependent entrainment by stimulation. 
  • Use of the single electrode voltage clamp to perform noise and relaxation studies of acetylcholine-activated channels in Aplysia neurons. 
  • Working memory performance and cholinergic effects in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. 
  • X-ray crystal structure and conformation of a spin-labeled acetylcholine, DL-4-[N,N-dimethyl-n-(ethan-2'-olacetate)amino]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyliodide. 
  • [Cholinergic regulation of the sea urchin embryonic and larval development]. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Rada Rincon, Pedro Vicente, Senior Lecturer in Neuroscience at Duke Kunshan University, DKU Faculty
  • Schwartz-Bloom, Rochelle D., Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke Science & Society