Axons

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 440-kD ankyrinB: structure of the major developmentally regulated domain and selective localization in unmyelinated axons. 
  • A PIK3C3-ankyrin-B-dynactin pathway promotes axonal growth and multiorganelle transport. 
  • A circuit for motor cortical modulation of auditory cortical activity. 
  • A combined index of structure and function for staging glaucomatous damage. 
  • A common ankyrin-G-based mechanism retains KCNQ and NaV channels at electrically active domains of the axon. 
  • A high mitochondrial transport rate characterizes CNS neurons with high axonal regeneration capacity. 
  • A kinesin heavy chain (KIF5A) mutation in hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10). 
  • A model for fast axonal transport. 
  • A model for slow axonal transport and its application to neurofilamentous neuropathies. 
  • A model for the computation and encoding of azimuthal information by the lateral superior olive. 
  • A morphological basis for orientation tuning in primary visual cortex. 
  • A neural circuit for spatial summation in visual cortex. 
  • A polyaxonal amacrine cell population in the primate retina. 
  • A primate model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. 
  • A quantitative description of QX222 blockade of sodium channels in squid axons. 
  • A regulatory cascade of three homeobox genes, ceh-10, ttx-3 and ceh-23, controls cell fate specification of a defined interneuron class in C. elegans. 
  • A simple technique for augmentation of axonal ingrowth into chondroitinase-treated acellular nerve grafts using nerve growth factor. 
  • A study of pyramidal cell axon collaterals in intact and partially isolated adult cerebral cortex. 
  • Abnormal muscle spindle innervation and large-fiber neuropathy in diabetic mice. 
  • Accuracy of regenerating motor neurons: influence of diffusion in denervated nerve. 
  • Activated armadillo/beta-catenin does not play a general role in cell migration and process extension in Drosophila. 
  • Activity-induced remodeling of olfactory bulb microcircuits revealed by monosynaptic tracing. 
  • Adducin: Ca++-dependent association with sites of cell-cell contact. 
  • Aging impairs axonal sprouting response of dentate granule cells following target loss and partial deafferentation. 
  • Agrin is required for posterior development and motor axon outgrowth and branching in embryonic zebrafish. 
  • Altered expression of pp60c-src induced by peripheral nerve injury. 
  • Altered morphology of hippocampal dentate granule cell presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals following conditional deletion of TrkB. 
  • Aminopyridines and sparteine as inhibitors of membrane potassium conductance: effects on Myxicola giant axons and the lobster neuromuscular junction. 
  • An Eclectic Review of the History of Peripheral Nerve Surgery. 
  • An apolipoprotein E-mimetic stimulates axonal regeneration and remyelination after peripheral nerve injury. 
  • An in vitro bioassay for neurite growth using cryostat sections of nervous tissue as a substratum. 
  • An in vitro neurite-promoting antigen functions in axonal regeneration in vivo. 
  • An isoform of ankyrin is localized at nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons of central and peripheral nerves. 
  • Analysis and optimization of pulse dynamics for magnetic stimulation. 
  • Analysis of pairs of individual Ia-E.P.S.P.S in single motoneurones. 
  • Analysis of the expression, distribution and function of cyclin dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) in developing cerebellar macroneurons. 
  • Analyzing somatosensory axon projections with the sensory neuron-specific Advillin gene. 
  • Ankyrin-B structurally defines terminal microdomains of peripheral somatosensory axons. 
  • Ankyrin-based subcellular gradient of neurofascin, an immunoglobulin family protein, directs GABAergic innervation at purkinje axon initial segment. 
  • AnkyrinG is required for clustering of voltage-gated Na channels at axon initial segments and for normal action potential firing. 
  • AnkyrinG is required to maintain axo-dendritic polarity in vivo. 
  • AnkyrinG. A new ankyrin gene with neural-specific isoforms localized at the axonal initial segment and node of Ranvier. 
  • Antidromic propagation of action potentials in branched axons: implications for the mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation. 
  • Apportionment of the terminals from single preganglionic axons to target neurones in the rabbit ciliary ganglion. 
  • Artificial neural network-based glaucoma diagnosis using retinal nerve fiber layer analysis. 
  • Astrocytes follow ganglion cell axons to establish an angiogenic template during retinal development. 
  • Asynchronous axonal firing patterns evoked via continuous subthreshold kilohertz stimulation. 
  • At the interface: convergence of neural regeneration and neural prostheses for restoration of function. 
  • Axon guidance pathways served as common targets for human speech/language evolution and related disorders. 
  • Axon regeneration pathways identified by systematic genetic screening in C. elegans. 
  • Axon terminal hyperexcitability associated with epileptogenesis in vitro. I. Origin of ectopic spikes. 
  • Axon terminal hyperexcitability associated with epileptogenesis in vitro. II. Pharmacological regulation by NMDA and GABAA receptors. 
  • Axon terminal hyperexcitability seen in epileptogenesis in vitro. 
  • Axon-like basal processes in enteroendocrine cells: characteristics and potential targets. 
  • Axonal Odorant Receptors Mediate Axon Targeting. 
  • Axonal degeneration, regeneration and ganglion cell death in a rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). 
  • Axonal loss after traumatic optic neuropathy documented by optical coherence tomography. 
  • Axonal regrowth after spinal cord injury via chondroitinase and the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasmin system. 
  • Axonal transport of glycerophospholipids following intracerebral injection of glycerol into substantia nigra or lateral geniculate body. 
  • Axonally translated SMADs link up BDNF and retrograde BMP signaling. 
  • Axons from non-cochlear sources in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. A study with the rapid Golgi method. 
  • Axotomized mouse retinal ganglion cells containing melanopsin show enhanced survival, but not enhanced axon regrowth into a peripheral nerve graft. 
  • Baclofen selectively inhibits transmission at synapses made by axons of CA3 pyramidal cells in the hippocampal slice. 
  • Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing-4 protects optic nerve axons in a rat glaucoma model. 
  • Bergmann glia and the recognition molecule CHL1 organize GABAergic axons and direct innervation of Purkinje cell dendrites. 
  • Biochemical approaches to studying neurotoxicity. 
  • Biophysically realistic neuron models for simulation of cortical stimulation. 
  • Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Increases GAP-43 Expression via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt Pathways in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. 
  • CD9 plays a role in Schwann cell migration in vitro. 
  • CNS myelin wrapping is driven by actin disassembly. 
  • Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV in dorsal root ganglion: colocalization with peptides, axonal transport and effect of axotomy. 
  • Calcineurin activation causes retinal ganglion cell degeneration. 
  • Capturing and Manipulating Activated Neuronal Ensembles with CANE Delineates a Hypothalamic Social-Fear Circuit. 
  • Cellular effects of deep brain stimulation: model-based analysis of activation and inhibition. 
  • Changes in the expression of transcription factors ATF-2 and Fra-2 after axotomy and during regeneration in rat retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Ciliary neurotrophic factor is an axogenesis factor for retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Clustering of voltage-sensitive sodium channels on axons is independent of direct Schwann cell contact in the dystrophic mouse. 
  • Combinations of DIPs and Dprs control organization of olfactory receptor neuron terminals in Drosophila. 
  • Competitive and non-competitive re-innervation of mammalian sympathetic neurones by native and foreign fibres. 
  • Composition and topographic organization of signals sent from the frontal eye field to the superior colliculus. 
  • Connectomics of the zebrafish's lateral-line neuromast reveals wiring and miswiring in a simple microcircuit. 
  • Continuous Hypoxia Reduces Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathy. 
  • Contributions of mossy fiber and CA1 pyramidal cell sprouting to dentate granule cell hyperexcitability in kainic acid-treated hippocampal slice cultures. 
  • Convergence of presenilin- and tau-mediated pathways on axonal trafficking and neuronal function. 
  • Convergent differential regulation of SLIT-ROBO axon guidance genes in the brains of vocal learners. 
  • Correlation between axonal morphologies and synaptic input kinetics of interneurons from mouse visual cortex. 
  • Cortical representations of olfactory input by trans-synaptic tracing. 
  • Cortico-cortical projections in mouse visual cortex are functionally target specific. 
  • Coupling Magnetically Induced Electric Fields to Neurons: Longitudinal and Transverse Activation. 
  • Cysteine 70 of ankyrin-G is S-palmitoylated and is required for function of ankyrin-G in membrane domain assembly. 
  • De Novo Pathogenic Variants in N-cadherin Cause a Syndromic Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Corpus Collosum, Axon, Cardiac, Ocular, and Genital Defects. 
  • Decoding the olfactory map through targeted transcriptomics links murine olfactory receptors to glomeruli. 
  • Deconstructing the genesis of animal form. 
  • Degeneration of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells induced by intraventricular kainic acid. 
  • Degradation of engulfed mitochondria is rate-limiting in Optineurin-mediated mitophagy in neurons. 
  • Denatured muscle as a nerve conduit: a functional, morphologic, and electrophysiologic evaluation. 
  • Dependence of cortical neuronal strength-duration properties on TMS pulse shape. 
  • Depression of glutamate-mediated synaptic transmission by benzyl alcohol. 
  • Detection of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss in glaucoma using scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation. 
  • Determinants of molecular motor directionality. 
  • Developing nodes of Ranvier are defined by ankyrin-G clustering and are independent of paranodal axoglial adhesion. 
  • Development of high affinity choline uptake and associated acetylcholine synthesis in the rat fascia dentata. 
  • Development of the cochlear innervation of the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the hamster. 
  • Developmental mechanism of the periodic membrane skeleton in axons. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity elicited by prenatal or postnatal chlorpyrifos exposure: effects on neurospecific proteins indicate changing vulnerabilities. 
  • Differentiation of the giant and fusiform cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the hamster. 
  • Differing mechanisms for glutamate receptor aggregation on dendritic spines and shafts in cultured hippocampal neurons. 
  • Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging and Motor Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke. 
  • Direct measurement of fast axonal organelle transport in the sciatic nerve of rats treated with acrylamide. 
  • Directed axonal outgrowth using a propagating gradient of IGF-1. 
  • Disruption of ErbB receptor signaling in adult non-myelinating Schwann cells causes progressive sensory loss. 
  • Distinct recruitment of feedforward and recurrent pathways across higher-order areas of mouse visual cortex. 
  • Dopamine reduces slow outward current and calcium influx in burst-firing neuron R15 of Aplysia. 
  • Doublecortin-Like Kinases Promote Neuronal Survival and Induce Growth Cone Reformation via Distinct Mechanisms. 
  • Drosophila spastin regulates synaptic microtubule networks and is required for normal motor function. 
  • Effect of disease severity on the performance of Cirrus spectral-domain OCT for glaucoma diagnosis. 
  • Effect of growth factors on substance P mRNA expression in axotomized dorsal root ganglia. 
  • Effect of nerve growth factor on synaptic depression after axotomy. 
  • Effects of p-xylene inhalation on axonal transport in the rat retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Efficiency analysis of waveform shape for electrical excitation of nerve fibers. 
  • Elimination of synapses in the developing nervous system. 
  • Emerging insights into the genesis of epilepsy. 
  • End-to-side nerve repair. A review. 
  • Endoplasmic reticulum sorting and kinesin-1 command the targeting of axonal GABAB receptors. 
  • Entubulation repair with protein additives increases the maximum nerve gap distance successfully bridged with tubular prostheses. 
  • Estrogen mediates neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects during EAE through ERα signaling on astrocytes but not through ERβ signaling on astrocytes or neurons. 
  • Estrogen receptor-β ligand treatment after disease onset is neuroprotective in the multiple sclerosis model. 
  • Evaluation of high-perimeter electrode designs for deep brain stimulation. 
  • Evidence for Compartmentalized Axonal Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Mitochondrial DNA Replication Increases in Distal Axons As an Early Response to Parkinson's Disease-Relevant Stress. 
  • Evidence for separate pathways within the tecto-geniculate projection in the tree shrew. 
  • Excitation properties of computational models of unmyelinated peripheral axons. 
  • Expression of mitofusin 2(R94Q) in a transgenic mouse leads to Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2A. 
  • Expression of peptides, nitric oxide synthase and NPY receptor in trigeminal and nodose ganglia after nerve lesions. 
  • Extracellular caspase-6 drives murine inflammatory pain via microglial TNF-α secretion. 
  • FOXO protects against age-progressive axonal degeneration. 
  • Factors contributing to preferential motor reinnervation in the primate peripheral nervous system. 
  • Factors that influence peripheral nerve regeneration: an electrophysiological study of the monkey median nerve. 
  • Fast serotonin voltammetry as a versatile tool for mapping dynamic tissue architecture: I. Responses at carbon fibers describe local tissue physiology. 
  • Fate of the hippocampal mossy fiber projection after destruction of its postsynaptic targets with intraventricular kainic acid. 
  • Fibers in smaller fascicles have lower activation thresholds with cuff electrodes due to thinner perineurium and smaller cross-sectional area. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor23 is associated with axonal integrity and neural network architecture in the human frontal lobes. 
  • Floccular efferents in the rhesus macaque as revealed by autoradiography and horseradish peroxidase. 
  • Following directions from the retina to the brain. 
  • Formation and maintenance of synaptic connections in autonomic ganglia. 
  • From induction to conduction: how intrinsic transcriptional priming of extrinsic neuronal connectivity shapes neuronal identity. 
  • Functional and structural changes in mammalian sympathetic neurones following colchicine application to post-ganglionic nerves. 
  • Functional and structural changes in mammalian sympathetic neurones following interruption of their axons. 
  • Functional effects of lymphotoxin on crushed peripheral nerve. 
  • Functional expression of Mammalian odorant receptors. 
  • GABA signaling promotes synapse elimination and axon pruning in developing cortical inhibitory interneurons. 
  • GAD67-mediated GABA synthesis and signaling regulate inhibitory synaptic innervation in the visual cortex. 
  • Geometrical differences among homologous neurons in mammals. 
  • Geometry of neonatal neurones and the regulation of synapse elimination. 
  • Ghrelin and hypothalamic development: too little and too much of a good thing. 
  • Giant ankyrin-G: a critical innovation in vertebrate evolution of fast and integrated neuronal signaling. 
  • Glial ankyrins facilitate paranodal axoglial junction assembly. 
  • Gαz regulates BDNF-induction of axon growth in cortical neurons. 
  • HNF-3 beta as a regulator of floor plate development. 
  • High efficiency electrodes for deep brain stimulation. 
  • High-field (9.4 T) MRI of brain dysmyelination by quantitative mapping of magnetic susceptibility. 
  • High-resolution labeling and functional manipulation of specific neuron types in mouse brain by Cre-activated viral gene expression. 
  • How many channels should there be in a gap junction? 
  • Human apolipoprotein E4 worsens acute axonal pathology but not amyloid-β immunoreactivity after traumatic brain injury in 3xTG-AD mice. 
  • Identification of a peripheral nerve neurite growth-promoting activity by development and use of an in vitro bioassay. 
  • Immediate early gene expression in axotomized and regenerating retinal ganglion cells of the adult rat. 
  • Immunohistochemistry of the canine vomeronasal organ. 
  • Impact of atypical retardation patterns on detection of glaucoma progression using the GDx with variable corneal compensation. 
  • Importance of the intracellular domain of NR2 subunits for NMDA receptor function in vivo. 
  • Improved nerve regeneration through piezoelectric vinylidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer guidance channels. 
  • In situ gelling hydrogels for conformal repair of spinal cord defects, and local delivery of BDNF after spinal cord injury. 
  • In vivo quantification of excitation and kilohertz frequency block of the rat vagus nerve. 
  • Inactivation of the sodium current in squid giant axons by hydrocarbons. 
  • Increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces formation of basal dendrites and axonal branching in dentate granule cells in hippocampal explant cultures. 
  • Increased rate of peripheral nerve regeneration using bioresorbable nerve guides and a laminin-containing gel. 
  • Induction of sodium channel clustering by oligodendrocytes. 
  • Influence of terminal nerve branch size on motor neuron regeneration accuracy. 
  • Inhibition of neuronal maturation in primary hippocampal neurons from tau deficient mice. 
  • Innervation of sympathetic neurones in the guinea-pig thoracic chain. 
  • Innervation patterns of single physiologically identified geniculocortical axons in the striate cortex of the tree shrew. 
  • Insight into the Mode of Action of Haedoxan A from Phryma leptostachya. 
  • Interaction of anaesthetics with electrical synapses. 
  • Interlaminar connections of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew. I. The superficial gray layer. 
  • Interneurons of the dentate-hilus border of the rat dentate gyrus: morphological and electrophysiological heterogeneity. 
  • Intrinsic connections of macaque striate cortex: afferent and efferent connections of lamina 4C. 
  • Intrinsic connections of macaque striate cortex: axonal projections of cells outside lamina 4C. 
  • Kilohertz waveforms optimized to produce closed-state Na+ channel inactivation eliminate onset response in nerve conduction block. 
  • LAD-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans L1CAM homologue, participates in embryonic and gonadal morphogenesis and is a substrate for fibroblast growth factor receptor pathway-dependent phosphotyrosine-based signaling. 
  • Lack of evidence for ectopic sprouting of genetically labeled Aβ touch afferents in inflammatory and neuropathic trigeminal pain. 
  • Length of axons expressing the serotonin transporter in orbitofrontal cortex is lower with age in depression. 
  • Ligand binding to transiently accessible sites: mechanisms for varying apparent binding rates. 
  • Locally synthesized phosphatidylcholine, but not protein, undergoes rapid retrograde axonal transport in the rat sciatic nerve. 
  • Long-term status of pyramidal cell axon collaterals and apical dendritic spines in denervated cortex. 
  • Loss of tau elicits axonal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Lower concentration of hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in familial bipolar I disorder. 
  • MNGIE neuropathy: five cases mimicking chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. 
  • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation increases axonal growth capacity of injured peripheral nerves. 
  • Merosin promotes neurite growth and Schwann cell migration in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo: evidence using an antibody to merosin, ARM-1. 
  • Microchannel-based regenerative scaffold for chronic peripheral nerve interfacing in amputees. 
  • Microtubule-associated protein MAP1B showing a fetal phosphorylation pattern is present in sites of neurofibrillary degeneration in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. 
  • Modeling deep brain stimulation: point source approximation versus realistic representation of the electrode. 
  • Modeling the effects of electric fields on nerve fibers: determination of excitation thresholds. 
  • Modeling the response of small myelinated axons in a compound nerve to kilohertz frequency signals. 
  • Modelling the effects of electric fields on nerve fibres: influence of the myelin sheath. 
  • Modulation of activity and conduction in single dorsal column axons by kilohertz-frequency spinal cord stimulation. 
  • Molecular and genetic approaches for the analysis of C. elegans neuronal development. 
  • Molecular architecture of the specialized axonal membrane at the node of Ranvier. 
  • Molecular composition of the node of Ranvier: identification of ankyrin-binding cell adhesion molecules neurofascin (mucin+/third FNIII domain-) and NrCAM at nodal axon segments. 
  • Monkey median nerve repaired by nerve graft or collagen nerve guide tube. 
  • Monosynaptic premotor circuit tracing reveals neural substrates for oro-motor coordination. 
  • Morphogenesis of the node of Ranvier: co-clusters of ankyrin and ankyrin-binding integral proteins define early developmental intermediates. 
  • Morphological changes among hippocampal dentate granule cells exposed to early kindling-epileptogenesis. 
  • Morphology of retinogeniculate axons in the macaque. 
  • Motor axonopathies in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 
  • Multimodal characterization of the human nucleus accumbens. 
  • Murine susceptibility to organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). 
  • NGF-TrkA signaling dictates neural ingrowth and aberrant osteochondral differentiation after soft tissue trauma. 
  • NMDA receptor antagonists disinhibit rat posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices: a potential mechanism of neurotoxicity. 
  • Nervous system defects of AnkyrinB (-/-) mice suggest functional overlap between the cell adhesion molecule L1 and 440-kD AnkyrinB in premyelinated axons. 
  • Netrin-1-mediated axon guidance in mouse embryonic stem cells overexpressing neurogenin-1. 
  • Neural circuit repair by low-intensity magnetic stimulation requires cellular magnetoreceptors and specific stimulation patterns. 
  • Neural units in the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea-pig. 
  • Neurodevelopmental mutation of giant ankyrin-G disrupts a core mechanism for axon initial segment assembly. 
  • Neuromechanobiology: An Expanding Field Driven by the Force of Greater Focus. 
  • Neuropeptide Y and galanin binding sites in rat and monkey lumbar dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord and effect of peripheral axotomy. 
  • Neurotrophins affect the pattern of DRG neurite growth in a bioassay that presents a choice of CNS and PNS substrates. 
  • Nogo receptor 1 is expressed by nearly all retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Non-monotonic kilohertz frequency neural block thresholds arise from amplitude- and frequency-dependent charge imbalance. 
  • Normal spastin gene dosage is specifically required for axon regeneration. 
  • Null mutation of c-fos impairs structural and functional plasticities in the kindling model of epilepsy. 
  • Obstructed axonal transport of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in experimental glaucoma. 
  • Odorant receptors govern the formation of a precise topographic map. 
  • Olfactory Bulb Deep Short-Axon Cells Mediate Widespread Inhibition of Tufted Cell Apical Dendrites. 
  • Olfactory marker protein mRNA is found in axons of olfactory receptor neurons. 
  • On the purpose of selective innervation of guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion cells. 
  • Optimization of magnetic neurostimulation waveforms for minimum power loss. 
  • Organization of the neurons in the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. Light-microscopic observations. 
  • Origins and targets of commissural connections between the cochlear nuclei in guinea pigs. 
  • Partial denervation of sub-basal axons persists following debridement wounds to the mouse cornea. 
  • Pattern of long-distance projections from fetal hippocampal field CA3 and CA1 cell grafts in lesioned CA3 of adult hippocampus follows intrinsic character of respective donor cells. 
  • Peripheral nerve grafts: the relationship of axonal growth cone and biomechanical properties. 
  • Physiological roles of axonal ankyrins in survival of premyelinated axons and localization of voltage-gated sodium channels. 
  • Point sources of Schwann cells result in growth into a nerve entubulation repair site in the absence of axons: effects of freeze-thawing. 
  • Polarized localization of voltage-gated Na+ channels is regulated by concerted FGF13 and FGF14 action. 
  • Polarized secretory trafficking directs cargo for asymmetric dendrite growth and morphogenesis. 
  • Polygenic inheritance of paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy driven by axon outgrowth gene sets in CALGB 40101 (Alliance). 
  • Polysialic acid expression is not necessary for motor neuron target selectivity. 
  • Post-natal reduction of neural unit size in the rabbit ciliary ganglion. 
  • Prediction of myelinated nerve fiber stimulation thresholds: limitations of linear models. 
  • Presynaptic inhibition of spinal sensory feedback ensures smooth movement. 
  • Presynaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled by [3H]acetylcholine on catecholamine and serotonin axons in brain. 
  • Prominent expression of bFGF in dorsal root ganglia after axotomy. 
  • Protein kinase C mediates potentiation of synaptic transmission by phorbol ester at parallel fibers in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. 
  • Protein targeting in neurons and endocrine cells. 
  • Purkinje-cell plasticity and cerebellar motor learning are graded by complex-spike duration. 
  • Quantification of change in axonal birefringence following surgical reduction in intraocular pressure. 
  • Quantitative analysis of axonal loss in band atrophy of the optic nerve using scanning laser polarimetry. 
  • Quantitative comparisons of block thresholds and onset responses for charge-balanced kilohertz frequency waveforms. 
  • Quantitative motor unit potential analysis. 
  • Radial optic neurotomy in the porcine eye without retinal vein occlusion. 
  • Rats! Hyperglycemia protects against glaucoma! 
  • Re-innervation of ganglia transplanted to the neck from different levels of the guinea-pig sympathetic chain. 
  • Re: Axonal injury in head injuries with very short survival. 
  • Recruitment and inhibitory action of hippocampal axo-axonic cells during behavior. 
  • Regenerative scaffold electrodes for peripheral nerve interfacing. 
  • Regional innervation of rabbit ciliary ganglion cells by the terminals of preganglionic axons. 
  • Regulation of Gap Junction Dynamics by UNC-44/ankyrin and UNC-33/CRMP through VAB-8 in C. elegans Neurons. 
  • Regulation of synaptic connections in the rabbit ciliary ganglion. 
  • Regulation of synaptic connectivity by glia. 
  • Relationships between retinal axonal and neuronal measures and global central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis. 
  • Removal of optic disc stalks during diabetic vitrectomy. 
  • Requirement of dendritic Akt degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system for neuronal polarity. 
  • Responses of model cortical neurons to temporal interference stimulation and related transcranial alternating current stimulation modalities. 
  • Restriction of 480/270-kD ankyrin G to axon proximal segments requires multiple ankyrin G-specific domains. 
  • Retinal ganglion cells and axons survive optic nerve transection. 
  • Retinal ganglion cells with distinct directional preferences differ in molecular identity, structure, and central projections. 
  • Retinoic acid induction and regional differentiation prefigure olfactory pathway formation in the mammalian forebrain. 
  • Reversible inactivation of macaque frontal eye field. 
  • Rheological properties of living cytoplasm: a preliminary investigation of squid axoplasm (Loligo pealei). 
  • Rho GTPase/Rho kinase inhibition as a novel target for the treatment of glaucoma. 
  • Role of white matter lesions, cerebral atrophy, and APOE on cognition in older persons with and without dementia: the Cache County, Utah, study of memory and aging. 
  • SEMA3A signaling controls layer-specific interneuron branching in the cerebellum. 
  • Scan tracking coordinates for improved centering of Stratus OCT scan pattern. 
  • Scanning laser polarimetry with enhanced corneal compensation for detection of axonal loss in band atrophy of the optic nerve. 
  • Seeing stars: Development and function of retinal astrocytes. 
  • Segmental organization of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the mammalian spinal cord. 
  • Selective enhancement of axonal branching of cultured dentate gyrus neurons by neurotrophic factors. 
  • Sensitivity of temporal excitation properties to the neuronal element activated by extracellular stimulation. 
  • Sexually dimorphic BDNF signaling directs sensory innervation of the mammary gland. 
  • Sites of neuronal excitation by epiretinal electrical stimulation. 
  • Sodium channel density in hypomyelinated brain increased by myelin basic protein gene deletion. 
  • Specific connections between nerve cells. 
  • Specific innervation of guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion cells by preganglionic fibres arising from different levels of the spinal cord. 
  • Specificity in the axonal connections of layer VI neurons in tree shrew striate cortex: evidence for distinct granular and supragranular systems. 
  • Spectrin- and ankyrin-based membrane domains and the evolution of vertebrates. 
  • Stathmin-deficient mice develop an age-dependent axonopathy of the central and peripheral nervous systems. 
  • Structural characteristics of gap junctions. I. Channel number in coupled and uncoupled conditions. 
  • Structural mechanisms to produce differential dendritic gains. 
  • Structure-function relationships using the Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomograph and standard automated perimetry. 
  • Substrate-bound nerve growth factor promotes neurite growth in peripheral nerve. 
  • Suppressive effects of halothane on reactive synaptogenesis in the dentate gyrus of rats. 
  • Survival of adult rat retinal ganglion cells with regrown axons in peripheral nerve grafts: a comparison of graft attachment with suture of fibrin glue. 
  • Sustained delivery of activated Rho GTPases and BDNF promotes axon growth in CSPG-rich regions following spinal cord injury. 
  • Sustained delivery of thermostabilized chABC enhances axonal sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. 
  • Sympathetic response to intracranial NGF infusion in the absence of afferent input: axonal sprouting without neurotransmitter production. 
  • Synaptic basis for developmental plasticity in a birdsong nucleus. 
  • Synaptic clustering of AMPA receptors by the extracellular immediate-early gene product Narp. 
  • TNFa/TNFR2 signaling is required for glial ensheathment at the dorsal root entry zone. 
  • Target size regulates calibre and myelination of sympathetic axons. 
  • Targeting of the synaptic vesicle protein synaptobrevin in the axon of cultured hippocampal neurons: evidence for two distinct sorting steps. 
  • Terminal arbors of individual, physiologically identified geniculocortical axons in the tree shrew's striate cortex. 
  • The DLK-1 kinase promotes mRNA stability and local translation in C. elegans synapses and axon regeneration. 
  • The Mammalian-Specific Protein Armcx1 Regulates Mitochondrial Transport during Axon Regeneration. 
  • The Relationship between intraocular pressure and progressive retinal nerve fiber layer loss in glaucoma. 
  • The axonal Z-score: Can electrodiagnostic testing find a new role in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy? 
  • The bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. A study with the electron microscope. 
  • The cell and molecular biology of glaucoma: common neurodegenerative pathways and relevance to glaucoma. 
  • The changing view of neural specificity. 
  • The effects of exogenous nitric oxide donor on motor functional recovery of reperfused peripheral nerve. 
  • The effects of nerve growth factor and its antiserum on synapses in the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea-pig. 
  • The effects of post-ganglionic axotomy on selective synaptic connexions in the superior cervical ganglion of the guinea-pig. 
  • The elimination of redundant preganglionic innervation to hamster sympathetic ganglion cells in early post-natal life. 
  • The fine structure of two types of stellate cells in the anterior division of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. 
  • The fruitless gene is required for the proper formation of axonal tracts in the embryonic central nervous system of Drosophila. 
  • The functional recovery of peripheral nerves following defined acute crush injuries. 
  • The genesis of seizures in vitro: axon terminal excitability. 
  • The impact of dose rate on the neurotoxicity of acrylamide: the interaction of administered dose, target tissue concentrations, tissue damage, and functional effects. 
  • The laminar organization of the lateral geniculate body and the striate cortex in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). 
  • The normal organization of the lateral posterior nucleus in the golden hamster and its reorganization after neonatal superior colliculus lesions. 
  • The normal organization of the lateral posterior nucleus of the golden hamster. 
  • The organization of submodality-specific touch afferent inputs in the vibrissa column. 
  • The organization of the lateral posterior nucleus in neonatal golden hamsters. 
  • The organization of the lateral posterior nucleus of the golden hamster after neonatal superior colliculus lesions. 
  • The polymodal ion channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 modulates calcium flux, spiking rate, and apoptosis of mouse retinal ganglion cells. 
  • The recurrent mossy fiber pathway of the epileptic brain. 
  • The relation of postsynaptic geometry to the number of presynaptic axons that innervate autonomic ganglion cells. 
  • The relationship between neurological damage and neurotoxic esterase inhibition in rats acutely exposed to tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate. 
  • The specificity of motor neurone regeneration (preferential reinnervation). 
  • The sublaminar organization of corticogeniculate neurons in layer 6 of macaque striate cortex. 
  • Thresholds for transverse stimulation: fiber bundles in a uniform field. 
  • Thrombospondins 1 and 2 are necessary for synaptic plasticity and functional recovery after stroke. 
  • Tonic and reflex synaptic activity recorded in ciliary ganglion cells of anaesthetized rabbits. 
  • Topography, cell response, and nerve regeneration. 
  • Tortuous Pore Path Through the Glaucomatous Lamina Cribrosa. 
  • Transfer of molecules from glia to axon in the squid may be mediated by glial vesicles. 
  • Tumor necrosis factor promotes motor functional recovery in crushed peripheral nerve. 
  • Unc-51-like kinase 1/2-mediated endocytic processes regulate filopodia extension and branching of sensory axons. 
  • Unique Spatial Integration in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex and Higher Visual Areas. 
  • Use of excitatory amino acids to make axon-sparing lesions of hypothalamus. 
  • Visual identification of two kinds of nerve cells and their synaptic contacts in a living autonomic ganglion of the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus). 
  • Visual impairment in an optineurin mouse model of primary open-angle glaucoma. 
  • Visualizing an olfactory sensory map. 
  • Voltage-gated ion channels in nociceptors: modulation by cGMP. 
  • Waiting periods versus early innervation: the development of axonal connections in the zebra finch song system. 
  • White Matter Tract-Oriented Deformation Is Dependent on Real-Time Axonal Fiber Orientation. 
  • βII-spectrin promotes mouse brain connectivity through stabilizing axonal plasma membranes and enabling axonal organelle transport. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bennett, Vann, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Bohorquez, Diego V., Associate Professor in Medicine, Cell Biology
  • Field, Greg D., Adjunct Associate Professor of Neurobiology, Neurobiology
  • Henriquez, Craig S., Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering
  • McLendon, Roger Edwin, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Starmer, Charles Franklin, Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Computer Science
  • Toth, Cynthia Ann, Joseph A.C. Wadsworth Distinguished Professor of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Tsalik, Ephraim, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases
  • Turner, Dennis Alan, Professor of Neurosurgery, Biomedical Engineering