Body Composition

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A classification system to evaluate weight maintainers, gainers, and losers. 
  • A controlled high-fat diet induces an obese syndrome in rats. 
  • A cross-sectional study of muscle strength and mass in 45- to 78-yr-old men and women. 
  • A guide to analysis of mouse energy metabolism. 
  • A lifestyle intervention of weight loss via a low-carbohydrate diet plus walking to reduce metabolic disturbances caused by androgen deprivation therapy among prostate cancer patients: carbohydrate and prostate study 1 (CAPS1) randomized controlled trial. 
  • A lipidomics analysis of the relationship between dietary fatty acid composition and insulin sensitivity in young adults. 
  • A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. 
  • A new frailty syndrome: central obesity and frailty in older adults with the human immunodeficiency virus. 
  • A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. 
  • A reappraisal of the caloric requirements of men. 
  • A rodent model of rapid-onset diabetes induced by glucocorticoids and high-fat feeding. 
  • Abdominal obesity, liver fat, and muscle composition in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 
  • Abrogation of adenosine A1 receptor signalling improves metabolic regulation in mice by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. 
  • Adipose tissue quantification and primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation: The Lung Transplant Body Composition study. 
  • Aerobic and resistance training effects on energy intake: the STRRIDE-AT/RT study. 
  • American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation. 
  • Analysis of body-composition techniques and models for detecting change in soft tissue with strength training. 
  • Androgen-deprivation therapy and metabolic syndrome in men with prostate cancer. 
  • Anthropometric assessment of 10-y changes in body composition in the elderly. 
  • Anthropometric risk factors for prostate cancer. 
  • Approaches for quantifying energy intake and %calorie restriction during calorie restriction interventions in humans: the multicenter CALERIE study. 
  • Are 'competitive foods' sold at school making our children fat? 
  • Are stress eaters at risk for the metabolic syndrome? 
  • Assessment of gene expression in peripheral blood using RNAseq before and after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa. 
  • Association of Aging-Related Endophenotypes With Mortality in 2 Cohort Studies: the Long Life Family Study and the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. 
  • Associations between prenatal and postnatal growth and adult body size and composition. 
  • Associations of maternal diet with infant adiposity at birth, 6 months and 12 months. 
  • Associations of openness and conscientiousness with walking speed decline: findings from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. 
  • Bed rest promotes reductions in walking speed, functional parameters, and aerobic fitness in older, healthy adults. 
  • Bed rest worsens impairments in fat and glucose metabolism in older, overweight adults. 
  • Bedside ultrasound is a practical and reliable measurement tool for assessing quadriceps muscle layer thickness. 
  • Bedside ultrasound measurement of skeletal muscle. 
  • Benefits of high-protein weight loss diets: enough evidence for practice? 
  • Block-Periodized Training Improves Physiological and Tactically Relevant Performance in Naval Special Warfare Operators. 
  • Blood Pressure Trajectory, Gait Speed, and Outcomes: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. 
  • Body composition and aerobic capacity in young and middle-aged endurance-trained men. 
  • Body composition and endocrine function in women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting. 
  • Body composition and mortality after adult lung transplantation in the United States. 
  • Body composition and serum prostate-specific antigen: review and findings from Flint Men's Health Study. 
  • Body composition and source of weight loss after bariatric surgery. 
  • Body composition changes in preterm infants following hospital discharge: comparison with term infants. 
  • Body composition in ambulatory women with multiple sclerosis. 
  • Body composition in elderly men: effect of dietary modification during strength training. 
  • Body composition in pituitary, adrenal and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome and effects of DHEAS levels. 
  • Body composition parameters as correlates of coronary artery disease. 
  • Body density of humpback whales (Megaptera novaengliae) in feeding aggregations estimated from hydrodynamic gliding performance. 
  • Body mass index in multiethnic midlife women: influence of demographic characteristics and physical activity. 
  • Body-composition changes in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)-2 study: a 2-y randomized controlled trial of calorie restriction in nonobese humans. 
  • Bone density and amenorrhea in ballet dancers are related to a decreased resting metabolic rate and lower leptin levels. 
  • Bone mineral content and levels of gonadotropins and estrogens in amenorrheic running women. 
  • Cancer Cachexia: Beyond Weight Loss. 
  • Carnitine supplementation improves metabolic flexibility and skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine formation in volunteers with impaired glucose tolerance: A randomised controlled trial. 
  • Changes in blubber distribution and morphology associated with starvation in the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): evidence for regional differences in blubber structure and function. 
  • Changes in body composition predict homocysteine changes and hyperhomocysteinemia in Korea. 
  • Changes in hunger and fullness in relation to gut peptides before and after 8 weeks of alternate day fasting. 
  • Changes in weight, body composition, and factors influencing energy balance among premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. 
  • Circulating levels of inflammatory markers and cancer risk in the health aging and body composition cohort. 
  • Cloned mice have an obese phenotype not transmitted to their offspring. 
  • Comparison of Body Composition Assessed by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and BMI in Current and Former U.S. Navy Service Members. 
  • Comparison of animal models for head and neck cancer cachexia. 
  • Comparison of habitual runners and anorexia nervosa patients. 
  • Consumption of a high-fat diet induces central insulin resistance independent of adiposity. 
  • Control of food intake in older men. 
  • Correlates of serum lutein + zeaxanthin: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 
  • Current techniques of nutritional assessment. 
  • Decreased PPAR gamma expression compromises perigonadal-specific fat deposition and insulin sensitivity. 
  • Deficiency of the lipid synthesis enzyme, DGAT1, extends longevity in mice. 
  • Defining ideal body weight. 
  • Determinants of increased energy expenditure in HIV-infected women. 
  • Development and validation of skinfold-thickness prediction equations with a 4-compartment model. 
  • Development of adherence metrics for caloric restriction interventions. 
  • Diet and bone status in amenorrheic runners. 
  • Diet, physical activity, and body composition changes during the first year of treatment for childhood acute leukemia and lymphoma. 
  • Dietary protein adequacy and lower body versus whole body resistive training in older humans. 
  • Differential effects of fat and sucrose on body composition in A/J and C57BL/6 mice. 
  • Disentangling the genetics of lean mass. 
  • Distinct patterns of tissue-specific lipid accumulation during the induction of insulin resistance in mice by high-fat feeding. 
  • Distribution and correlates of waist-to-hip ratio in black adults: the Pitt County Study. 
  • Does a lack of physical activity explain the rheumatoid arthritis lipid profile? 
  • Drug Dosing and Pharmacokinetics in Children With Obesity: A Systematic Review. 
  • Dual X-ray absorptiometry assessment of body composition in children with altered body posture. 
  • Duke procedure for super obesity: preliminary report with 3.5-year follow-up. 
  • EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly. 
  • Early-onset repeated dieting reduces food intake and body weight but not adiposity in dietary-obese female rats. 
  • Effect of 10 days of bed rest on skeletal muscle in healthy older adults. 
  • Effect of Caloric Restriction or Aerobic Exercise Training on Peak Oxygen Consumption and Quality of Life in Obese Older Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Effect of Disease Activity, Glucocorticoid Exposure, and Rituximab on Body Composition During Induction Treatment of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. 
  • Effect of a stepped-care intervention approach on weight loss in adults: a randomized clinical trial. 
  • Effect of age of initiation of feed restriction on growth, body composition, and longevity of rats. 
  • Effect of aging on body fat. 
  • Effect of caloric restriction with and without exercise on metabolic intermediates in nonobese men and women. 
  • Effect of calorie restriction on the free-living physical activity levels of nonobese humans: results of three randomized trials. 
  • Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on exercise capacity in patients with HIV-associated wasting on HAART. 
  • Effect of vertical sleeve gastrectomy on food selection and satiation in rats. 
  • Effects of Age and Military Service on Strength and Physiological Characteristics of U.S. Army Soldiers. 
  • Effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or diabetes support and education on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in morbidly obese patients with type 2 diabetes. 
  • Effects of a block in cysteine catabolism on energy balance and fat metabolism in mice. 
  • Effects of age on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during experimental overfeeding in healthy men. 
  • Effects of alternate-day fasting or daily calorie restriction on body composition, fat distribution, and circulating adipokines: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Effects of an ad libitum, high carbohydrate diet and aerobic exercise training on insulin action and muscle metabolism in older men and women. 
  • Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet in type 2 diabetes: A 2-year randomized clinical trial. 
  • Effects of an oral growth hormone secretagogue in older adults. 
  • Effects of exercise and weight loss on cardiac risk factors associated with syndrome X. 
  • Effects of exercise on plasma lipoproteins. 
  • Effects of nonlinear aerobic training on erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular function following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. 
  • Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on infant anthropometric outcomes. 
  • Effects of short-term very low-calorie diet on intramyocellular lipid and insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. 
  • Effects of testosterone replacement and/or resistance exercise on the composition of megestrol acetate stimulated weight gain in elderly men: a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE--a randomized controlled study. 
  • Effects of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet alone and in combination with exercise and caloric restriction on insulin sensitivity and lipids. 
  • Elderly women accommodate to a low-protein diet with losses of body cell mass, muscle function, and immune response. 
  • Elite swimmers do not exhibit a body mass index trade-off across a wide range of event distances. 
  • Energetics of walking in elderly people: factors related to gait speed. 
  • Energy expenditure, aging and body composition. 
  • Energy requirements in nonobese men and women: results from CALERIE. 
  • Estimating resource acquisition and at-sea body condition of a marine predator. 
  • Estrogen regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase--possible mechanism of body fat distribution. 
  • Excessive adipose tissue infiltration in skeletal muscle in individuals with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral neuropathy: association with performance and function. 
  • Exercise and the treatment of wasting: aging and human immunodeficiency virus infection. 
  • Exercise and weight loss reduce blood pressure in men and women with mild hypertension: effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, and hemodynamic functioning. 
  • Exercise attenuates the weight-loss-induced reduction in muscle mass in frail obese older adults. 
  • Exercise decreases fat selection in female rats during weight cycling. 
  • Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people. 
  • Exercise, abdominal obesity, skeletal muscle, and metabolic risk: evidence for a dose response. 
  • Exploring the genetic basis of chronic periodontitis: a genome-wide association study. 
  • Extreme obesity due to impaired leptin signaling in mice does not cause knee osteoarthritis. 
  • Failure of exercise to reduce blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. Results of a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Familial correlates of adolescent girls' physical activity, television use, dietary intake, weight, and body composition. 
  • Fasting hyperinsulinemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: relationship to body composition, gonadal function, and protease inhibitor use. 
  • Fat content of striped mice decreases during the breeding season but not during the food-restricted dry season. 
  • Fat distribution and glucose metabolism in older, obese men and women. 
  • Fat, carbohydrate, and calories in the development of diabetes and obesity in the C57BL/6J mouse. 
  • Feeding dysfunction is associated with poor growth and health status in children with cerebral palsy. 
  • Fitness levels of middle aged martial art practitioners. 
  • Food intake-independent effects of CB1 antagonism on glucose and lipid metabolism. 
  • GLP-1 receptor activation indirectly reduces hepatic lipid accumulation but does not attenuate development of atherosclerosis in diabetic male ApoE(-/-) mice. 
  • GLP-1R agonism enhances adjustable gastric banding in diet-induced obese rats. 
  • Gender differences in the relationships among obesity, adiponectin and brachial artery distensibility in adolescents and young adults. 
  • Gender-dependent association of body mass index and waist circumference with disability in the Chinese oldest old. 
  • Genomewide Association Scan of a Mortality Associated Endophenotype for a Long and Healthy Life in the Long Life Family Study. 
  • High prevalence of low HDL-c in the Philippines compared to the US: population differences in associations with diet and BMI. 
  • High-Intensity Interval Training for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention. 
  • Higher dietary variety is associated with better nutritional status in frail elderly people. 
  • Hormone and bone mineral status in endurance-trained and sedentary postmenopausal women. 
  • Human aging is associated with altered TNF-alpha production during hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. 
  • Hyperandrogenemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with the lipodystrophy syndrome. 
  • Ignoring regression to the mean leads to unsupported conclusion about obesity. 
  • Impact of activated vitamin D on insulin resistance in nondiabetic chronic kidney disease patients. 
  • Impact of body mass index and weight change after treatment on cancer recurrence and survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: findings from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 89803. 
  • Impact of carbohydrate restriction in the context of obesity on prostate tumor growth in the Hi-Myc transgenic mouse model. 
  • Improvements in physical fitness in adults with Down syndrome. 
  • Increased energy requirements and changes in body composition with resistance training in older adults. 
  • Increased palmitate intake: higher acylcarnitine concentrations without impaired progression of β-oxidation. 
  • Induction of osteoarthritis and metabolic inflammation by a very high-fat diet in mice: effects of short-term exercise. 
  • Infant BMI trajectories are associated with young adult body composition. 
  • Influence of cognitive eating restraint on total-body measurements of bone mineral density and bone mineral content in premenopausal women aged 18-45 y: a cross-sectional study. 
  • Inhibition of central amylin signaling increases food intake and body adiposity in rats. 
  • Insulin Detemir Is Transported From Blood to Cerebrospinal Fluid and Has Prolonged Central Anorectic Action Relative to NPH Insulin. 
  • Is there a best body mass index for older adults? Moving closer to evidence-based recommendations regarding "overweight," health, and mortality. 
  • Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass. 
  • Less body fat improves physical and physiological performance in army soldiers. 
  • Lipoprotein response to exercise training and a low-fat diet in older subjects with glucose intolerance. 
  • Long-term effects of a high-carbohydrate diet and exercise on insulin action in older subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. 
  • Long-term moderate calorie restriction inhibits inflammation without impairing cell-mediated immunity: a randomized controlled trial in non-obese humans. 
  • Long-term testosterone gel (AndroGel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men. 
  • Longitudinal Body Composition Changes in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Survivors: A Retrospective Cohort Study of United States Veterans. 
  • Longitudinal changes in body composition in older men and women: role of body weight change and physical activity. 
  • Low bone mass in behaviorally HIV-infected young men on antiretroviral therapy: Adolescent Trials Network Study 021B. 
  • Low level exposure to the flame retardant BDE-209 reduces thyroid hormone levels and disrupts thyroid signaling in fathead minnows. 
  • Medical, metabolic, and psychological effects of weight cycling. 
  • Metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain size and life history. 
  • Metabolic and behavioral effects of a high-sucrose diet during weight loss. 
  • Metabolic deterioration of the sedentary control group in clinical trials. 
  • Metabolic effects of voluntary wheel running in young and old Syrian golden hamsters. 
  • Method and rationale for recalculating dilution spaces to a single, common time point in doubly labeled water studies. 
  • Mice with chronically increased circulating ghrelin develop age-related glucose intolerance. 
  • Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variation Associated With Peripheral Nerve Function in the Elderly. 
  • Moderate-intensity aerobic training program improves insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers in a pilot study of morbidly obese minority teens. 
  • Muscle ring finger-3 protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by a high fat diet. 
  • Muscle strength and body composition: associations with bone density in older subjects. 
  • Musculoskeletal, biomechanical, and physiological gender differences in the US military. 
  • Nutrition as a contributor and treatment option for overweight and obesity. 
  • Nutritional status of teenage female competitive figure skaters. 
  • Obesity and physical activity: a review. 
  • Obesity induced by a high-fat diet downregulates apolipoprotein A-IV gene expression in rat hypothalamus. 
  • Ontogeny and nutritional control of adipogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio). 
  • Oxidative and nonoxidative macronutrient disposal in lean and obese men after mixed meals. 
  • Pathways: a school-based, randomized controlled trial for the prevention of obesity in American Indian schoolchildren. 
  • Peripheral effects of endurance training in young and old subjects. 
  • Personality and reduced incidence of walking limitation in late life: findings from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. 
  • Physical activity as a predictor of body composition in American Indian children. 
  • Physical and Performance Characteristics Related to Unintentional Musculoskeletal Injury in Special Forces Operators: A Prospective Analysis. 
  • Plexin D1 determines body fat distribution by regulating the type V collagen microenvironment in visceral adipose tissue. 
  • Prader Willi Syndrome: Genetics, Metabolomics, Hormonal Function, and New Approaches to Therapy. 
  • Predictors of measurement error in energy intake during pregnancy. 
  • Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Childhood Fat Mass in a New York City Cohort. 
  • Preoperative predictors for complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy: impact of BMI and body fat distribution. 
  • Protein Ingestion before Sleep Increases Muscle Mass and Strength Gains during Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Healthy Young Men. 
  • Protein nutrition, exercise and aging. 
  • Protein, fat, and carbohydrate requirements during starvation: anaplerosis and cataplerosis. 
  • Protein, weight management, and satiety. 
  • Proteome-wide muscle protein fractional synthesis rates predict muscle mass gain in response to a selective androgen receptor modulator in rats. 
  • Public health approaches to obesity and its management. 
  • Quantitative assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal muscle function, and body composition in adults with primary malignant glioma. 
  • Reference data on thickness and mechanics of tissue layers and anthropometry of musculoskeletal extremities. 
  • Relationship between fat-to-fat-free mass ratio and decrements in leg strength after downhill running. 
  • Relationships between adipose tissue and cytokine responses to a randomized controlled exercise training intervention. 
  • Relationships of plasma C-peptide and gender to the urinary excretion of inositols in older people. 
  • Resting metabolic rate and body composition of achondroplastic dwarfs. 
  • Results of a diet/exercise feasibility trial to prevent adverse body composition change in breast cancer patients on adjuvant chemotherapy. 
  • Role of frailty in patients with cardiovascular disease. 
  • Safety of two-year caloric restriction in non-obese healthy individuals. 
  • Sarcopenia and age-related changes in body composition and functional capacity. 
  • Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly. 
  • Secondary sexual characteristics in children with cerebral palsy and moderate to severe motor impairment: a cross-sectional survey. 
  • Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations in lean and overweight children and adolescents. 
  • Sex differences in substrate metabolism and energy homeostasis. 
  • Skeletal muscle-specific Cre recombinase expression, controlled by the human α-skeletal actin promoter, improves glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. 
  • Studies of a targeted risk reduction intervention through defined exercise (STRRIDE). 
  • Tamoxifen Improves Glucose Tolerance in a Delivery-, Sex-, and Strain-Dependent Manner in Mice. 
  • Testosterone with dutasteride, but not anastrazole, improves insulin sensitivity in young obese men: a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Tetrahydroindenoindole inhibits the progression of diabetes in mice. 
  • The doubly labeled water method produces highly reproducible longitudinal results in nutrition studies. 
  • The effect of protein nutrition on host and tumor metabolism. 
  • The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combination training on insulin sensitivity and secretion in overweight adults from STRRIDE AT/RT: a randomized trial. 
  • The effects of curcumin (diferuloylmethane) on body composition of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. 
  • The effects of repeated cycles of weight loss and regain in rats. 
  • The expression of cytokines and chemokines in the blood of patients with severe weight loss from anorexia nervosa: an exploratory study. 
  • The impact of short-term depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment on resting metabolic rate. 
  • The role of the transcription factor ETV5 in insulin exocytosis. 
  • The ultraendurance triathlete: a physiological profile. 
  • The value of early out-patient cardiac exercise programmes for the elderly in comparison with other selected age groups. 
  • Thermic effect of food in lean and obese men. 
  • Timing of weight gain and breast cancer risk. 
  • Total body skeletal muscle mass: estimation by creatine (methyl-d3) dilution in humans. 
  • Transdermal testosterone gel improves sexual function, mood, muscle strength, and body composition parameters in hypogonadal men. 
  • Variation in body fat distribution and breast cancer risk in the families of patients with breast cancer and control families. 
  • Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Older Adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. 
  • Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability-What is the current challenge? 
  • Vitamin D-responsive SGPP2 variants associated with lung cell expression and lung function. 
  • Walking in old age and development of metabolic syndrome: the health, aging, and body composition study. 
  • Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults. 
  • Weight regulation practices in athletes: analysis of metabolic and health effects. 
  • What are the criteria for response to cachexia treatment? 
  • What are the dietary energy needs of elderly adults? 
  • Who are the weight maintainers? 
  • Why do individuals not lose more weight from an exercise intervention at a defined dose? An energy balance analysis. 
  • Winning the war against ICU-acquired weakness: new innovations in nutrition and exercise physiology. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Swaminathan, Madhav, Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic
  • Yancy Jr., William Samuel, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine