Brain Chemistry

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 2-[18F]F-A-85380: PET imaging of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and whole body distribution in humans. 
  • 4.5 kb of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase 5' flanking sequence directs tissue specific expression during development and contains consensus sites for multiple transcription factors. 
  • 5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts human cingulate-amygdala interactions: a genetic susceptibility mechanism for depression. 
  • A default mode of brain function. 
  • A magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study of adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors. 
  • A new MRI ratio method for in-vivo estimation of signal hypointensity in aging and Alzheimer's disease. 
  • A new activity of doublecortin in recognition of the phospho-FIGQY tyrosine in the cytoplasmic domain of neurofascin. 
  • A novel species-specific RNA related to alternatively spliced amyloid precursor protein mRNAs. 
  • A rodent model of spontaneous stereotypy: initial characterization of developmental, environmental, and neurobiological factors. 
  • A simple method for processing NMR spectra in which acquisition is delayed: applications to in vivo localized 31P NMR spectra acquired using the DRESS technique. 
  • A unique role for striatal serotonergic systems in the withdrawal from adolescent nicotine administration. 
  • Acquiring local field potential information from amperometric neurochemical recordings. 
  • Acute 5-HT reuptake blockade potentiates human amygdala reactivity. 
  • Acute stroke: evaluation with serial proton MR spectroscopic imaging. 
  • Adhesion between cerebroside bilayers. 
  • Adolescent nicotine administration alters serotonin receptors and cell signaling mediated through adenylyl cyclase. 
  • Adult exposure to insecticides causes persistent behavioral and neurochemical alterations in zebrafish. 
  • Alterations in brain TREM2 and Amyloid-β levels are associated with neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Alterations in serotonin transporter expression in brain regions of rats exposed neonatally to chlorpyrifos. 
  • Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in a proposed animal model of depression with genetic muscarinic supersensitivity. 
  • Amine-aldehyde metabolites and alcoholism: fact, myth or uncertainty. 
  • An isoform of ankyrin is localized at nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons of central and peripheral nerves. 
  • Analyses of Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2beta (iPLA2β) in Biological Systems. 
  • Analysis of the mouse transcriptome for genes involved in the function of the nervous system. 
  • Anxiety-like behaviors in mice lacking GIT2. 
  • Applications of a rat multiple tissue gene expression data set. 
  • Assignment of human protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit genes b56alpha, b56beta, b56gamma, b56delta, and b56epsilon (PPP2R5A-PPP2R5E), highly expressed in muscle and brain, to chromosome regions 1q41, 11q12, 3p21, 6p21.1, and 7p11.2 --> p12. 
  • Association between increased magnetic susceptibility of deep gray matter nuclei and decreased motor function in healthy adults. 
  • Association of brain ankyrin with brain membranes and isolation of active proteolytic fragments of membrane-associated ankyrin-binding protein(s). 
  • Attenuation of the effect of punishment by thyrotropin-releasing hormone: comparisons with chlordiazepoxide. 
  • Atypical developmental patterns of brain chemistry in children with autism spectrum disorder. 
  • Autoimmunity to munc-18 in Rasmussen's encephalitis. 
  • Automated whole-brain N-acetylaspartate proton MRS quantification. 
  • Autoradiographic distribution of high affinity muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled with [3H]acetylcholine in rat brain. 
  • Autoradiographic localization of benzomorphan binding sites in rat brain. 
  • Behavioral and neurochemical changes in folate-deficient mice. 
  • Behavioral and neurochemical changes in rats dosed repeatedly with diisopropylfluorophosphate. 
  • Behavioral and neurochemical consequences of ibotenic acid lesion in the subthalamic nucleus of the common marmoset. 
  • Behavioral and neurochemical effects of acute chlorpyrifos in rats: tolerance to prolonged inhibition of cholinesterase. 
  • Behavioral disturbances in adult mice following neonatal virus infection or kynurenine treatment--role of brain kynurenic acid. 
  • Biochemical and neuropathological assessment of triphenyl phosphite in rats. 
  • Brain Arachidonic Acid Incorporation and Turnover are not Altered in the Flinders Sensitive Line Rat Model of Human Depression. 
  • Brain adducin: a protein kinase C substrate that may mediate site-directed assembly at the spectrin-actin junction. 
  • Brain and central haemodynamics and oxygenation during maximal exercise in humans. 
  • Brain catecholamines and memory modulation: effects of footshock, amygdala implantation, and stimulation. 
  • Brain choline in depression: in vivo detection of potential pharmacodynamic effects of antidepressant therapy using hydrogen localized spectroscopy. 
  • Brain fluoxetine measurements using fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with social phobia. 
  • Brain spectrin, a membrane-associated protein related in structure and function to erythrocyte spectrin. 
  • Brain spectrin. Isolation of subunits and formation of hybrids with erythrocyte spectrin subunits. 
  • CHST1 and CHST2 sulfotransferases expressed by human vascular endothelial cells: cDNA cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization. 
  • Carbon monoxide actuates O(2)-limited heme degradation in the rat brain. 
  • Central nervous system distribution of inhaled toluene. 
  • Cerebral cortical microfluorometry at isosbestic wavelengths for correction of vascular artifact. 
  • Cerebral physiology in dogs after brain-tumor induction with Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus: experiences with radioiodinated normal and antiviral immunoglobulin G. 
  • Changes in brain biochemistry and oxygenation in the zone surrounding primary intracerebral hemorrhage. 
  • Characterization of the mouse transforming growth factor alpha gene: its expression during eyelid development and in waved 1 tissues. 
  • Cholinergic and adrenergic activating agents as antagonists of the EEG effects of hemicholinium-3. 
  • Chronic nicotine and dizocilpine effects on nicotinic and NMDA glutamatergic receptor regulation: interactions with clozapine actions and attentional performance in rats. 
  • Chronic sazetidine-A at behaviorally active doses does not increase nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rodent brain. 
  • Clinical applications of neuroimaging in psychiatry. 
  • Cloning of DNA corresponding to rare transcripts of rat brain: evidence of transcriptional and post-transcriptional control and of the existence of nonpolyadenylated transcripts. 
  • Colocalization of tenascin with versican, a hyaluronate-binding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 
  • Comparison of PET oxygen extraction fraction methods for the prediction of stroke risk. 
  • Comparison of the role of esterases in the differential age-related sensitivity to chlorpyrifos and methamidophos. 
  • Complexity of cytoplasmic polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated rat brain ribonucleic acids. 
  • Confocal imaging of intracellular chloride in living brain slices: measurement of GABAA receptor activity. 
  • Consequences of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor blockade during status epilepticus in the developing brain. 
  • Control of liver and brain aromatic amino-acid metabolism by phenylalanine hydroxylase. 
  • Controlling for activity-dependent genes and behavioral states is critical for determining brain relationships within and across species. 
  • Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): studies in alcohol preferring and non-preferring rats. 
  • Critical duration of exposure for developmental chlorpyrifos-induced neurobehavioral toxicity. 
  • Deletion of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene in mice reveals a second enzyme activity that hydrolyzes N-acetylaspartylglutamate. 
  • Depletion of brain amines reverses blood pressure response to footshock in rat. 
  • Detection in human serum by radioimmunoassay of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine, a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. 
  • Developmental neurotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos on acetylcholine and serotonin pathways in an avian model. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: delayed targeting of DNA synthesis after repeated administration. 
  • Differential cerebral gene expression during cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat: evidence for apoptosis? 
  • Differential effects of modulation of docosahexaenoic acid content during development in specific regions of rat brain. 
  • Differential localization of cholecystokinin-8 binding sites in the rat vs. the guinea pig brain. 
  • Differential time-course profiles of dopamine release and uptake changes induced by three dopamine uptake inhibitors. 
  • Discovering novel brain lipids by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 
  • Distinct ankyrin isoforms at neuron cell bodies and nodes of Ranvier resolved using erythrocyte ankyrin-deficient mice. 
  • Distribution of brain iron accrual in adolescence: Evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. 
  • Dopamine uptake inhibitors but not dopamine releasers induce greater increases in motor behavior and extracellular dopamine in adolescent rats than in adult male rats. 
  • Early biochemical detection of delayed neurotoxicity resulting from developmental exposure to chloropyrifos. 
  • Early mitochondrial calcium defects in Huntington's disease are a direct effect of polyglutamines. 
  • Effect of blood pressure on A2 noradrenergic neurons. 
  • Effect of feeding plant proteins on plasma, liver, heart, aorta and brain lipids of rats. 
  • Effects of ELF fields on calcium-ion efflux from brain tissue in vitro. 
  • Effects of RSR13, a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, alone and in combination with dizocilpine, on outcome from transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. 
  • Effects of continuous diazepam administration on GABAA subunit mRNA in rat brain. 
  • Effects of magnesium on the dynamic instability of individual microtubules. 
  • Effects of neonatal methylmercury exposure on development of nucleic acids and proteins in rat brain: regional specificity. 
  • Effects of physostigmine on rat brain acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase and conditioned pole jumping. 
  • Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on biochemical development of rat brain regions: maternal drug infusions via osmotic minipumps. 
  • Effects of temperature changes on cerebral biochemistry in spontaneous intracerebral hematoma. 
  • Electron microscopy of MAP 2 (microtubule-associated protein 2). 
  • Evaluation of the alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptor gene in a heritable form of temporal lobe epilepsy. 
  • Exaggerated CpH methylation in the autism-affected brain. 
  • Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy in rats yields less effect on indices of brain cell number and size than does postnatal exposure. 
  • Expression of cDNAs for G proteins in Escherichia coli. Two forms of Gs alpha stimulate adenylate cyclase. 
  • Expression of statin, a non-proliferation-dependent nuclear protein, in the postnatal rat brain: evidence for substantial retention of neuroglial proliferative capacity with aging. 
  • Expression of terminin in the rat brain during neuronal differentiation. 
  • Expression of terminin, a senescence-related cytoplasmic protein, in the aging rat brain. 
  • Expression of the non-proliferation-specific protein, statin, in grey matter neuroglia of the aging rat brain. 
  • Extensive changes in the expression of the opioid genes between humans and chimpanzees. 
  • Fast serotonin voltammetry as a versatile tool for mapping dynamic tissue architecture: I. Responses at carbon fibers describe local tissue physiology. 
  • Fetal cocaine exposure causes persistent noradrenergic hyperactivity in rat brain regions: effects on neurotransmitter turnover and receptors. 
  • Fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of brain fluvoxamine and fluoxetine in pediatric patients treated for pervasive developmental disorders. 
  • Focal and lateralized subcortical abnormalities in unipolar major depressive disorder: an automated multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. 
  • Functional consequences of A1 adenosine-receptor phosphorylation by the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase. 
  • G protein gamma subunits contain a 20-carbon isoprenoid. 
  • Generalized anxiety disorder: neurobiological and pharmacotherapeutic perspectives. 
  • Gray and white matter brain chemistry in young children with autism. 
  • Hemochromatosis Mutations, Brain Iron Imaging, and Dementia in the UK Biobank Cohort. 
  • High-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying sphingomyelin in rat brain. 
  • Human brain glycogen content and metabolism: implications on its role in brain energy metabolism. 
  • Human brain-structure resolved T(2) relaxation times of proton metabolites at 3 Tesla. 
  • Identification of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of ankyrinG isoforms targeted to nodes of Ranvier. 
  • Identification of a synaptic vesicle-specific membrane protein with a wide distribution in neuronal and neurosecretory tissue. 
  • Identification of renin and angiotensinogen messenger RNA sequences in mouse and rat brains. 
  • Identifying Synaptic Proteins by In Vivo BioID from Mouse Brain. 
  • Immunoreactive forms of erythrocyte spectrin and ankyrin in brain. 
  • Immunoreactive forms of human erythrocyte ankyrin are localized in mitotic structures in cultured cells and are associated with microtubules in brain. 
  • Impaired Myelination in rats given excess vitamin A postnatally. 
  • In situ hybridization of adrenergic receptor mRNA in brain. 
  • In vivo measurement of regional brain tissue pH using positron emission tomography. 
  • Increased expression of p130 in Alzheimer disease. 
  • Increases in cortical glutamate concentrations in transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice are attenuated by creatine supplementation. 
  • Inhibition of GABA-gated chloride channels in brain by the arachidonic acid metabolite, thromboxane A2. 
  • Interbilayer interactions between sphingomyelin and sphingomyelin/cholesterol bilayers. 
  • Is amyloid beta-protein glycated in Alzheimer's disease? 
  • Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding human brain ankyrins reveal a family of alternatively spliced genes. 
  • Lasting effects of developmental dexamethasone treatment on neural cell number and size, synaptic activity, and cell signaling: critical periods of vulnerability, dose-effect relationships, regional targets, and sex selectivity. 
  • Ligand-dependent recruitment of the ErbB4 signaling complex into neuronal lipid rafts. 
  • Ligatin binds phosphohexose residues on acidic hydrolases. 
  • Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of PKC delta immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system. 
  • Linking variability in brain chemistry and circuit function through multimodal human neuroimaging. 
  • Lipid metabolism in hypervitaminosis A. 
  • Live imaging of mitosis in the developing mouse embryonic cortex. 
  • Localization and characterization of neuropeptide Y/peptide YY receptors in the brain of the smooth dogfish (Mustelis canis). 
  • Localization of mRNA for three distinct alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human tissues: implications for human alpha-adrenergic physiology. 
  • Loss of neonatal hypoxia tolerance after prenatal nicotine exposure: implications for sudden infant death syndrome. 
  • MR microscopy at 7.0 T: effects of brain iron. 
  • MRI of brain iron. 
  • Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging reconstruction with deformable shape-intensity models. 
  • Magnetic susceptibility of brain iron is associated with childhood spatial IQ. 
  • Manganese-porphyrin reactions with lipids and lipoproteins. 
  • Mercury-induced cognitive impairment in metallothionein-1/2 null mice. 
  • Metallothionein expression and neurocognitive function in mice. 
  • Mice deficient for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter are myasthenic and have deficits in object and social recognition. 
  • Microarray identification of FMRP-associated brain mRNAs and altered mRNA translational profiles in fragile X syndrome. 
  • Microglia, an in vivo source of reactive oxygen species in the brain. 
  • Microglial-neuronal interactions during neurodegenerative diseases. 
  • Microtubule surface lattice and subunit structure and observations on reassembly. 
  • Molecular taxonomy of major neuronal classes in the adult mouse forebrain. 
  • Multiple structural elements define the specificity of recombinant human inhibitor-1 as a protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor. 
  • Muscarinic supersensitivity and impaired receptor desensitization in G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5-deficient mice. 
  • N-desalkylquetiapine, a potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and partial 5-HT1A agonist, as a putative mediator of quetiapine's antidepressant activity. 
  • N-o-Methoxyphenylpiperazine: a simple blocker of dopaminergic receptors in the brain. 
  • Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the frontal cortex in rats: persisting effects on locomotor activity, learning and nicotine self-administration. 
  • Neuronal cell death in Huntington's disease: a potential role for dopamine. 
  • Neurosteroid transport by the organic solute transporter OSTα-OSTβ. 
  • Neurotoxicity of manganese chloride in neonatal and adult CD rats following subchronic (21-day) high-dose oral exposure. 
  • Nicotine effects on learning in zebrafish: the role of dopaminergic systems. 
  • Nicotinic binding in rat brain: autoradiographic comparison of [3H]acetylcholine, [3H]nicotine, and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin. 
  • Nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding sites in the brain: regulation in vivo. 
  • Noninvasive optical inhibition with a red-shifted microbial rhodopsin. 
  • Novel localization of a G protein, Gz-alpha, in neurons of brain and retina. 
  • Novelty seeking and stereotypic activation of behavior in mice with disruption of the Dat1 gene. 
  • Obligatory role of thyroid hormones in development of peripheral sympathetic and central nervous system catecholaminergic neurons: effects of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on transmitter levels, turnover and release. 
  • Observation of coupled 1H metabolite resonances at long TE. 
  • Optimized solubilization of TRIzol-precipitated protein permits Western blotting analysis to maximize data available from brain tissue. 
  • Overexpression of androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin in male transgenic mice: tissue distribution and phenotypic disorders. 
  • Peptide array X-linking (PAX): a new peptide-protein identification approach. 
  • Perinatal diazinon exposure compromises the development of acetylcholine and serotonin systems. 
  • Perinatal dietary supplementation with a commercial soy lecithin preparation: effects on behavior and brain biochemistry in the developing rat. 
  • Persistent behavioral impairment caused by embryonic methylphenidate exposure in zebrafish. 
  • Pharmacogenetic analysis of genes implicated in rodent models of antidepressant response: association of TREK1 and treatment resistance in the STAR(*)D study. 
  • Platelet mitochondrial complex I and I+III activities do not correlate with cerebral mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. 
  • Polyamine metabolism in different pathological states of the brain. 
  • Postnatal distribution of vitamin A in liver, lung, heart and brain of the rat in relation to maternal vitamin A status. 
  • Prediction of cognitive decline in early Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Prenatal exposure to nicotine via maternal infusions: effects on development of catecholamine systems. 
  • Prevention of H2O2 generation by monoamine oxidase protects against CNS O2 toxicity. 
  • Proof-of-concept trial with the neurosteroid pregnenolone targeting cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. 
  • Proteomic identification of specific oxidized proteins in ApoE-knockout mice: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Proteomics of cerebral injury in a neonatal model of cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. 
  • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gadolinium-DTPA perfusion imaging of asymptomatic MRI white matter lesions. 
  • Proton spectroscopy of human brain: effects of age and sex. 
  • Purification of G protein beta gamma from bovine brain. 
  • Purification of brain analogs of red blood cell membrane skeletal proteins: ankyrin, protein 4.1 (synapsin), spectrin, and spectrin subunits. 
  • Quantification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the human brain with PET: bolus plus infusion administration of 2-[18F]F-A85380. 
  • Quantitation of proton NMR spectra of the human brain using tissue water as an internal concentration reference. 
  • Quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of the human brain. 
  • Quantitative proton spectroscopy of canine brain: in vivo and in vitro correlations. 
  • Quantitative, video-based histochemistry to measure regional effects of anticholinesterase pesticides in rat brain. 
  • Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of donepezil on neuronal markers and hippocampal volumes in Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Rat brain amines, blood histamine and glucose levels in relationship to circadian changes in sleep induced by pentobarbitone sodium. 
  • Reduced levels of human apoE4 protein in an animal model of cognitive impairment. 
  • Reduction of spontaneous alcohol drinking and physical withdrawal by levemopamil, a novel Ca2+ channel antagonist, in rats. 
  • Regionally distinct stoichiometry for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor domains in brain. 
  • Reproducibility of 3D proton spectroscopy in the human brain. 
  • Reproducibility of high spatial resolution proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in the human brain. 
  • Robust analysis of short echo time (1)H MRSI of human brain. 
  • Screen and identification of proteins interacting with ADAM19 cytoplasmic tail. 
  • Septohippocampal cholinergic changes after destruction of the A10-septal dopaminergic pathways. 
  • Sequence complexity of nuclear RNAs in adult rat tissues. 
  • Sequence complexity of nuclear and cytoplasmic ribonucleic acids from clonal neurotumor cell lines and brain sections of the rat. 
  • Serial measurements of CT attenuation and specific gravity in experimental cerebral edema. 
  • Serotonin-lesion myoclonic syndromes. I. Neurochemical profile and S-1 receptor binding. 
  • Severe hypotension is not essential for isoflurane neuroprotection against forebrain ischemia in mice. 
  • Sex differences in neurochemical effects of dopaminergic drugs in rat striatum. 
  • Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides Promote Microbiota-Dependent Growth in Models of Infant Undernutrition. 
  • Spectrin and ankyrin in brain. 
  • Steroid hormone induction of a specific translatable messenger RNA. 
  • Structure and cohesive properties of sphingomyelin/cholesterol bilayers. 
  • Synapsin I is a microtubule-bundling protein. 
  • T2 relaxation times of macromolecules and metabolites in the human brain at 9.4 T. 
  • TT-301 inhibits microglial activation and improves outcome after central nervous system injury in adult mice. 
  • Tau induces formation of α-synuclein filaments with distinct molecular conformations. 
  • The G-protein-coupled receptor kinases beta ARK1 and beta ARK2 are widely distributed at synapses in rat brain. 
  • The acute toxicity of drugs acting at cholinoceptive sites and twenty-four hour rhythms in brain acetylcholine. 
  • The docking of kinesins, KIF5B and KIF5C, to Ran-binding protein 2 (RanBP2) is mediated via a novel RanBP2 domain. 
  • The lens epithelium contains glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). 
  • The spectrin skeleton: from red cells to brain. 
  • The spectrin-based membrane skeleton and micron-scale organization of the plasma membrane. 
  • The surface oxidation potential of human neuromelanin reveals a spherical architecture with a pheomelanin core and a eumelanin surface. 
  • Toluene abuse embryopathy: longitudinal neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to toluene in rats. 
  • Total parenteral nutrition alters NPY/PYY receptor levels in the rat brain. 
  • Transient postnatal elevation of norepinephrine content and turnover in brain regions of rats exposed to terbutaline prenatally: evidence for autoregulation of noradrenergic development? 
  • Twenty-four hour rhythms in the glycine content of rat hindbrain and spinal cord. 
  • Uranyl acetate-induced sensorimotor deficit and increased nitric oxide generation in the central nervous system in rats. 
  • Use of florbetapir-PET for imaging beta-amyloid pathology. 
  • Whole-Brain N-Acetylaspartate Concentration Is Preserved during Mild Hypercapnia Challenge. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Charles, Hal Cecil, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Cell Biology
  • Ferreira, Paulo Alexandre, Associate Professor in Ophthalmology, Pathology
  • James, Michael Lucas, Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology
  • Laskowitz, Daniel Todd, Professor of Neurology, Duke Science & Society
  • O'Connor, Christopher Michael, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology
  • Soderling, Scott Haydn, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology
  • Wray, Gregory Allan, Professor of Biology, Evolutionary Anthropology