Brain Stem

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Distributed Recurrent Network Contributes to Temporally Precise Vocalizations. 
  • A circuit for motor cortical modulation of auditory cortical activity. 
  • A detrimental effect of a combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy approach in children with diffuse intrinsic brain stem gliomas? 
  • A framework for using signal, noise, and variation to determine whether the brain controls movement synergies or single muscles. 
  • A functional alternative splicing mutation in human tryptophan hydroxylase-2. 
  • A genetically defined insula-brainstem circuit selectively controls motivational vigor. 
  • A gut-brain neural circuit for nutrient sensory transduction. 
  • A high-resolution interactive atlas of the human brainstem using magnetic resonance imaging. 
  • A lethal association of congenital apnea with brainstem tegmental necrosis. 
  • A new parameter in brain stem evoked response: component wave areas. 
  • A tale of two species: Neural integration in zebrafish and monkeys. 
  • Acute effects of electroconvulsive therapy on brain stem auditory-evoked potentials. 
  • Adaptive replanning strategies accounting for shrinkage in head and neck IMRT. 
  • Administration of nicotine to adolescent rats evokes regionally selective upregulation of CNS alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. 
  • Age-related changes in brain catecholamine responses to a single footshock. 
  • Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor-mediated downregulation of angiotensin II receptors in neuronal cultures. 
  • Altered development of basal and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in brain regions of rats exposed to nicotine prenatally. 
  • An atlas of the inferior colliculus of the gerbil in three dimensions. 
  • Analysis of 2-DG autoradiograms using image-averaging and image-differencing procedures for systems-level description of neurobehavioral function. 
  • Analyzing somatosensory axon projections with the sensory neuron-specific Advillin gene. 
  • Anterograde degeneration study of the superior colliculus in Tupaia glis: evidence for a subdivision between superficial and deep layers. 
  • Association of silent lacunar infarct with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. 
  • BAEPs in infants with myelomeningocele and later development of Chiari II malformation-related brainstem dysfunction. 
  • Basilar invagination. 
  • Beta-2 adrenergic control of ornithine decarboxylase activity in brain regions of the developing rat. 
  • Bladder activation by selective stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents in the cat. 
  • Brain stem as a target site for the metabolic side effects of olanzapine. 
  • Brain stem neurons in modified pathways for motor learning in the primate vestibulo-ocular reflex. 
  • Brain-stem anesthesia. An unusual complication of stellate ganglion block. 
  • Brainstem auditory evoked potential monitoring: when is change in wave V significant? 
  • Brainstem bilirubin toxicity in the newborn primate may be promoted and reversed by modulating PCO2. 
  • Brainstem dysfunction as a predictor of death in the nonneurologically injured. 
  • Cellular determinants of reduced adaptability of the aging brain: neurotransmitter utilization and cell signaling responses after MDMA lesions. 
  • Cellular mechanisms for developmental toxicity of chlorpyrifos: targeting the adenylyl cyclase signaling cascade. 
  • Central infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1) receptor antagonist attenuates lithium chloride-induced c-Fos induction in rat brainstem. 
  • Central nervous system distribution of inhaled toluene. 
  • Cholinergic receptors in heart and brainstem of rats exposed to nicotine during development: implications for hypoxia tolerance and perinatal mortality. 
  • Chronic prenatal nicotine exposure sensitizes rat brain to acute postnatal nicotine challenge as assessed with ornithine decarboxylase. 
  • Circuits in the rodent brainstem that control whisking in concert with other orofacial motor actions. 
  • Coding in the mammalian gustatory system. 
  • Cold Water Pressor Test Differentially Modulates Functional Network Connectivity in Fibromyalgia Patients Compared with Healthy Controls. 
  • Collateral projections of predorsal bundle cells of the superior colliculus in the rat. 
  • Combined preoperative traction with instrumented posterior occipitocervical fusion for severe ventral brainstem compression secondary to displaced os odontoideum: technical report of 2 cases. 
  • Comparison of serial PET and MRI scans in a pediatric patient with a brainstem glioma. 
  • Consequences of unilateral hearing loss: time dependent regulation of protein synthesis in auditory brainstem nuclei. 
  • Conventional external beam radiotherapy for central nervous system malignancies. 
  • Correlation between the laryngeal brain stem evoked response and the laryngeal chemoreflex in the porcine model. 
  • Correlation of lymphocyte heat shock protein 70 levels with neurologic deficits in elderly patients with cerebral infarction. 
  • Cross-modal selective attention effects on retinal, myogenic, brainstem, and cerebral evoked potentials. 
  • Cryptic brain cell injury caused by fetal nicotine exposure is associated with persistent elevations of c-fos protooncogene expression. 
  • Development of [3H]nicotine binding sites in brain regions of rats exposed to nicotine prenatally via maternal injections or infusions. 
  • Distribution of GABAA, GABAB, and glycine receptors in the central auditory system of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. 
  • Diversity of neural responses in the brainstem during smooth pursuit eye movements constrains the circuit mechanisms of neural integration. 
  • Early biochemical detection of delayed neurotoxicity resulting from developmental exposure to chloropyrifos. 
  • Early differential elevation and persistence of phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (p-CREB) in the central nervous system of hens treated with diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, an OPIDN-causing compound. 
  • Effect of photoperiod reversal on twenty-four hour patterns for dopamine levels in the corpus striatum and upper and lower brainstem of the rat. 
  • Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric motility and heart rate variability in conscious rats. 
  • Effects of neonatal hypoxia on brain development in the rat: immediate and long-term biochemical alterations in discrete regions. 
  • Effects of neonatal methylmercury exposure on development of nucleic acids and proteins in rat brain: regional specificity. 
  • Electroacupuncture at ST-36 accelerates colonic motility and transit in freely moving conscious rats. 
  • Evaluation of MRI compatibility of the modified nucleus multichannel auditory brainstem and cochlear implants. 
  • Evidence for effects of selective attention in the mid-latency range of the human auditory event-related potential. 
  • Evolution of vocal learning and spoken language. 
  • Expression of mRNAs coding for the transforming growth factor-beta receptors in brain regions of euthyroid and hypothyroid neonatal rats and in adult brain. 
  • Eye movements and brainstem neuronal responses evoked by cerebellar and vestibular stimulation in chicks. 
  • Facial pain due to vascular lesions of the brain stem relieved by dorsal root entry zone lesions in the nucleus caudalis. Report of two cases. 
  • Feedback in the brainstem: an excitatory disynaptic pathway for control of whisking. 
  • Fetal cocaine exposure causes persistent noradrenergic hyperactivity in rat brain regions: effects on neurotransmitter turnover and receptors. 
  • Fetal dexamethasone exposure affects basal ornithine decarboxylase activity in developing rat brain regions and alters acute responses to hypoxia and maternal separation. 
  • Fetal terbutaline exposure causes selective postnatal increases in cerebellar alpha-adrenergic receptor binding. 
  • Final results of a study of escalating doses of hyperfractionated radiotherapy in brain stem tumors in children: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. 
  • Floccular efferents in the rhesus macaque as revealed by autoradiography and horseradish peroxidase. 
  • Gamma-butyrolactone sleep: A 24-hour rhythm paralleling normal sleep in the rat and CNS amine changes. 
  • Glucocorticoids and the development of neuronal function: effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure on central noradrenergic activity. 
  • Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed. 
  • Hearing preservation surgery for vestibular schwannomas via the retrosigmoid transmeatal approach: surgical tips. 
  • How the brainstem controls orofacial behaviors comprised of rhythmic actions. 
  • Hyperfractionated irradiation and concurrent cisplatin in brain stem tumors: a Pediatric Oncology Group pilot study (9139). 
  • Hyperfractionated radiation therapy in brain stem tumors. Results of treatment at the 7020 cGy dose level of Pediatric Oncology Group study #8495. 
  • Identification of a common epitope between enterovirus 71 and human MED25 proteins which may explain virus-associated neurological disease. 
  • Identification of cell types in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus that project to the inferior colliculus. 
  • Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis and acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Induction of the protective antioxidant response element pathway by 6-hydroxydopamine in vivo and in vitro. 
  • Intracisternal injection of pancreatic polypeptide stimulates gastric emptying in rats. 
  • Intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potentials: significant decrease in postoperative morbidity. 
  • Intraoperative monitoring of auditory and brain-stem function. 
  • Intraventricular hemorrhage in blunt head trauma: an analysis of 43 cases. 
  • Leukoencephalopathy in elderly depressed patients referred for ECT. 
  • Limitations of brain stem auditory evoked potentials for intraoperative monitoring during a posterior fossa operation: case report and technical note. 
  • Long term survivors of childhood brain stem gliomas treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy. Clinical characteristics and treatment related toxicities. The Pediatric Oncology Group. 
  • MR measurement of normal and pathologic brainstem diameters. 
  • Mapping neuronal inputs to REM sleep induction sites with carbachol-fluorescent microspheres. 
  • Mechanisms of early selective attention in auditory and visual modalities. 
  • Method of lesioning brainstem determines seizure probability. 
  • Migrating intracranial bullets: a rare occurrence. 
  • Model calculations of steady state responses to binaural stimuli in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. 
  • Model calculations of time dependent responses to binaural stimuli in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. 
  • Monosynaptic premotor circuit tracing reveals neural substrates for oro-motor coordination. 
  • Mu-opioid receptor desensitization by beta-arrestin-2 determines morphine tolerance but not dependence. 
  • Multiple fraction-per-day radiotherapy for patients with brain stem tumors. 
  • Neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure alters synaptic development and neuronal activity in cholinergic and catecholaminergic pathways. 
  • Neonatal polyamine depletion by alpha-difluoromethylornithine: effects on adenylyl cyclase cell signaling are separable from effects on brain region growth. 
  • Neural basis for motor learning in the vestibuloocular reflex of primates. I. Changes in the responses of brain stem neurons. 
  • Neural basis for motor learning in the vestibuloocular reflex of primates. III. Computational and behavioral analysis of the sites of learning. 
  • Neuronal expression of bitter taste receptors and downstream signaling molecules in the rat brainstem. 
  • Nicotine exposure in adolescence alters the response of serotonin systems to nicotine administered subsequently in adulthood. 
  • Nicotine therapy in adulthood reverses the synaptic and behavioral deficits elicited by prenatal exposure to phenobarbital. 
  • Nonenzymatic functions of acetylcholinesterase splice variants in the developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates: chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, and diazinon. 
  • Ocular bobbing in metabolic encephalopathy: clinical, pathologic, and electrophysiologic study. 
  • Oral habituation in rat pups is in the brainstem. 
  • Pancreatic polypeptide microinjection into the dorsal motor nucleus inhibits pancreatic secretion in rats. 
  • Parallel Inhibitory and Excitatory Trigemino-Facial Feedback Circuitry for Reflexive Vibrissa Movement. 
  • Parallel auditory pathways: projection patterns of the different neuronal populations in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei. 
  • Parry-Romberg syndrome with fatal brain stem involvement. 
  • Pediatric brain stem tumors: patterns of treatment failure and their implications for radiotherapy. 
  • Persistent cholinergic presynaptic deficits after neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure. 
  • Phase I study of BCNU and intravenous 6-mercaptopurine in patients with anaplastic gliomas. 
  • Plasticity in the vestibulo-ocular reflex: a new hypothesis. 
  • Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations. 
  • Postmortem diffusion MRI of the human brainstem and thalamus for deep brain stimulator electrode localization. 
  • Postnatal alterations in beta-adrenergic receptor binding in rat brain regions after continuous prenatal exposure to propranolol via maternal infusion. 
  • Prenatal cocaine and cell development in rat brain regions: effects on ornithine decarboxylase and macromolecules. 
  • Prenatal nicotine exposure in rhesus monkeys compromises development of brainstem and cardiac monoamine pathways involved in perinatal adaptation and sudden infant death syndrome: amelioration by vitamin C. 
  • Prognostic Value of Hemorrhagic Brainstem Injury on Early Computed Tomography: A TRACK-TBI Study. 
  • Prognostic value of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in brainstem gliomas. 
  • Programming of brainstem serotonin transporter development by prenatal glucocorticoids. 
  • Prolonged convection-enhanced delivery into the rat brainstem. 
  • Proper formation of whisker barrelettes requires periphery-derived Smad4-dependent TGF-beta signaling. 
  • Rat brain synaptic vesicles: uptake specificities of [3H]norepinephrine and [3H]serotonin in preparations from whole brain and brain regions. 
  • Rat fighting behavior: serum dopamine- -hydroxylase and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase. 
  • Recurrent isolated sixth nerve palsy in children. 
  • Responses during eye movements of brain stem neurons that receive monosynaptic inhibition from the flocculus and ventral paraflocculus in monkeys. 
  • Responses of fibers in medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) of alert monkeys during horizontal and vertical conjugate eye movements evoked by vestibular or visual stimuli. 
  • Retrosigmoid suprafloccular transhorizontal fissure approach for resection of brainstem cavernous malformation. 
  • Reversible leukoencephalopathy associated with graft-versus-host disease: MR findings. 
  • Reversible neurotoxicity following hyperfractionated radiation therapy of brain stem glioma. 
  • Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei. 
  • Robustness of a neural network model for differencing. 
  • Role of arcuate frontal cortex of monkeys in smooth pursuit eye movements. II. Relation to vector averaging pursuit. 
  • Secondary achalasia in a patient with brainstem metastases from lung carcinoma. 
  • Selection of a management strategy for pediatric brainstem tumors. 
  • Sensorimotor deficit and cholinergic changes following coexposure with pyridostigmine bromide and sarin in rats. 
  • Serotonergic modulation of bladder afferent pathways. 
  • Signal, Noise, and Variation in Neural and Sensory-Motor Latency. 
  • Smaller protein, larger therapeutic potential: PPM1D as a new therapeutic target in brainstem glioma. 
  • Somatotopic maps within the zona incerta relay parallel GABAergic somatosensory pathways to the neocortex, superior colliculus, and brainstem. 
  • Spinal projection neurons control turning behaviors in zebrafish. 
  • Stimulation of Respiratory Motor Output and Ventilation in a Murine Model of Pompe Disease by Ampakines. 
  • Subcortical connections of the superior colliculus in the mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii. 
  • Surgical management of brainstem cavernomas: selection of approaches and microsurgical techniques. 
  • Survival at 5 years of a cohort of newborn infants with myelomeningocele. 
  • Synaptic activation of presynaptic glutamate transporter currents in nerve terminals. 
  • TREMORINE: ITS EFFECT ON AMINES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
  • Targeted disruption of the Kvlqt1 gene causes deafness and gastric hyperplasia in mice. 
  • Telencephalic neurons monosynaptically link brainstem and forebrain premotor networks necessary for song. 
  • The Brainstem Oscillator for Whisking and the Case for Breathing as the Master Clock for Orofacial Motor Actions. 
  • The cloning of a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed in the central nervous system. 
  • The connections and laminar organization ofthe optic tectum in a reptile (lguana iguana). 
  • The cyclic AMP response element directs tyrosine hydroxylase expression in catecholaminergic central and peripheral nervous system cell lines from transgenic mice. 
  • The effect of tremorine on dopamine concentration in the brain of the rat, guinea pig and rabbit. 
  • The electroencephalogram in pediatric practice: its use and abuse. 
  • The neural basis for learning of simple motor skills. 
  • The organization of submodality-specific touch afferent inputs in the vibrissa column. 
  • The whisking oscillator circuit. 
  • There is no role for hyperfractionated radiotherapy in the management of children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic brainstem tumors: results of a Pediatric Oncology Group phase III trial comparing conventional vs. hyperfractionated radiotherapy. 
  • Transient late magnetic resonance imaging changes suggesting progression of brain stem glioma: implications for entry criteria for phase II trials. 
  • Tumor location, but not H3.3K27M, significantly influences the blood-brain-barrier permeability in a genetic mouse model of pediatric high-grade glioma. 
  • Uranyl acetate-induced sensorimotor deficit and increased nitric oxide generation in the central nervous system in rats. 
  • Ventral cochlear nucleus responses to contralateral sound are mediated by commissural and olivocochlear pathways. 
  • Vestibular inputs to brain stem neurons that participate in motor learning in the primate vestibuloocular reflex. 
  • Visual cortex in a reptile, the turtle (Pseudemys scripta and Chrysemys picta). 
  • What the brain stem tells the frontal cortex. I. Oculomotor signals sent from superior colliculus to frontal eye field via mediodorsal thalamus. 
  • What the brain stem tells the frontal cortex. II. Role of the SC-MD-FEF pathway in corollary discharge. 
  • [Histochemical studies on the medial regions of the brainstem in guinea pigs].