Calmodulin

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A cloned calmodulin structural gene probe is complementary to DNA sequences from diverse species. 
  • A comprehensive search for calcium binding sites critical for TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel activity. 
  • A modular switch for spatial Ca2+ selectivity in the calmodulin regulation of CaV channels. 
  • A new erythrocyte membrane-associated protein with calmodulin binding activity. Identification and purification. 
  • A new function for adducin. Calcium/calmodulin-regulated capping of the barbed ends of actin filaments. 
  • A signaling complex of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV and protein phosphatase 2A. 
  • Activation of four enzymes by two series of calmodulin mutants with point mutations in individual Ca2+ binding sites. 
  • Adducin regulation. Definition of the calmodulin-binding domain and sites of phosphorylation by protein kinases A and C. 
  • Adducin: structure, function and regulation. 
  • Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) from Bordetella hinzii: characterization and differences from ACT of Bordetella pertussis. 
  • Allosteric actuation of inverse phase transition of a stimulus-responsive fusion polypeptide by ligand binding. 
  • Alterations in calcium channel currents underlie defective insulin secretion in a transgenic mouse. 
  • Altered synthesis of the 26-kDa heat stress protein family and thermotolerance in cell lines with elevated levels of calcium-binding proteins. 
  • An interaction between the III-IV linker and CTD in NaV1.5 confers regulation of inactivation by CaM and FHF. 
  • Analysis of expression of multiple genes encoding calmodulin during spermatogenesis. 
  • Aquaporin 6 binds calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner. 
  • Association between human erythrocyte calmodulin and the cytoplasmic surface of human erythrocyte membranes. 
  • Association of calmodulin and smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase: application of a label selection technique with trace acetylated calmodulin. 
  • Association of myosin light chain kinase with lymphocyte membrane-cytoskeleton complex. 
  • Autoimmune epitopes in messenger RNA. 
  • Autoregulation of enzymes by pseudosubstrate prototopes: myosin light chain kinase. 
  • Bacterial expression and characterization of proteins derived from the chicken calmodulin cDNA and a calmodulin processed gene. 
  • Bacterial expression vectors for calmodulin. 
  • Bacterially synthesized vertebrate calmodulin is a specific substrate for ubiquitination. 
  • Bepridil and cetiedil. Vasodilators which inhibit Ca2+-dependent calmodulin interactions with erythrocyte membranes. 
  • Biochemical characterization of the Ca2+ release channel of skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
  • Brain adducin: a protein kinase C substrate that may mediate site-directed assembly at the spectrin-actin junction. 
  • Ca(2+)-regulated serine protease associated with the nuclear scaffold. 
  • Ca(2+)/calmodulin regulates Kvβ1.1-mediated inactivation of voltage-gated K(+) channels. 
  • Ca2+-dependent regulator. Production and characterization of a monospecific antibody. 
  • Ca2+-sensitive inactivation and facilitation of L-type Ca2+ channels both depend on specific amino acid residues in a consensus calmodulin-binding motif in the(alpha)1C subunit. 
  • Ca2+/CaM controls Ca2+-dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors by dimerizing the NR1 C termini. 
  • Ca2+/calmodulin regulates trafficking of Ca(V)1.2 Ca2+ channels in cultured hippocampal neurons. 
  • Ca2+/calmodulin-based signalling in the regulation of the muscle fibre phenotype and its therapeutic potential via modulation of utrophin A and myostatin expression. 
  • Calcineurin regulates cyclin D1 accumulation in growth-stimulated fibroblasts. 
  • Calcium binding is required for calmodulin function in Aspergillus nidulans. 
  • Calcium binding peptide motifs from calmodulin confer divalent ion selectivity to elastin-like polypeptides. 
  • Calcium control of muscle phosphorylase kinase through the combined action of calmodulin and troponin. 
  • Calcium, calmodulin and cell cycle regulation. 
  • Calcium, calmodulin and cell proliferation. 
  • Calcium- and calcineurin-independent roles for calmodulin in Cryptococcus neoformans morphogenesis and high-temperature growth. 
  • Calcium-Calmodulin-Calcineurin Signaling: A Globally Conserved Virulence Cascade in Eukaryotic Microbial Pathogens. 
  • Calcium/calmodulin inhibits direct binding of spectrin to synaptosomal membranes. 
  • Calcium/calmodulin transduces thrombin-stimulated secretion: studies in intact and minimally permeabilized human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
  • Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell regeneration. 
  • Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Characterization of distinct calmodulin binding and inhibitory domains. 
  • Calmodulin activation by calcium transients in the postsynaptic density of dendritic spines. 
  • Calmodulin activation of target enzymes. Consequences of deletions in the central helix. 
  • Calmodulin and CaMKII as molecular switches for cardiac ion channels. 
  • Calmodulin and cell cycle control. 
  • Calmodulin and the cell cycle: involvement in regulation of cell-cycle progression. 
  • Calmodulin as a mediator of hormone action and cell regulation. 
  • Calmodulin as a regulator of cell growth and gene expression. 
  • Calmodulin as an integral subunit of phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle. 
  • Calmodulin binds to caldesmon in an antiparallel manner. 
  • Calmodulin binds to the N-terminal domain of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. 
  • Calmodulin dissociation regulates Myo5 recruitment and function at endocytic sites. 
  • Calmodulin in bovine rod outer segments. 
  • Calmodulin in endocrine cells and its multiple roles in hormone action. 
  • Calmodulin in endocrine cells. 
  • Calmodulin is intrinsically LESS effective than troponin C in activating skeletal muscle contraction. 
  • Calmodulin is involved in regulation of cell proliferation. 
  • Calmodulin is required for cell-cycle progression during G1 and mitosis. 
  • Calmodulin kinase II chimeras used to investigate the structural requirements for smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase autoinhibition and calmodulin-dependent activation. 
  • Calmodulin limits pathogenic Na+ channel persistent current. 
  • Calmodulin mediated activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase during aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus. 
  • Calmodulin mediates Ca2+ sensitivity of sodium channels. 
  • Calmodulin overexpression causes Ca(2+)-dependent apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells, which can be prevented by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. 
  • Calmodulin regulation during the cell cycle of mammalian cells. 
  • Calmodulin regulation of smooth-muscle myosin light-chain kinase. 
  • Calmodulin structure refined at 1.7 A resolution. 
  • Calmodulin supports both inactivation and facilitation of L-type calcium channels. 
  • Calmodulin, cell growth and gene expression. 
  • Calmodulin--an intracellular calcium receptor. 
  • Calmodulin-cardiac troponin C chimeras. Effects of domain exchange on calcium binding and enzyme activation. 
  • Calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase. Evidence for isoenzyme forms in mammalian tissues. 
  • Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV regulates nuclear export of Cabin1 during T-cell activation. 
  • Calmodulin-induced early-onset diabetes in transgenic mice. 
  • Calmodulin-microtubule association in cultured mammalian cells. 
  • Calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase inhibition changes fibroblast-populated collagen lattice contraction, cell migration, focal adhesion formation, and wound contraction. 
  • Calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase activity from rat pancreas. 
  • Calmodulin. Development and application of a sensitive radioimmunoassay. 
  • Calmodulin: a prototypical calcium sensor. 
  • Calmodulin: properties, intracellular localization, and multiple roles in cell regulation. 
  • Changes in calmodulin and its mRNA accompany reentry of quiescent (G0) cells into the cell cycle. 
  • Changes in the structure of calmodulin induced by a peptide based on the calmodulin-binding domain of myosin light chain kinase. 
  • Characterization and expression of the unique calmodulin gene of Aspergillus nidulans. 
  • Characterization of a Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase from bovine brain. 
  • Characterization of substrate phosphorylation and use of calmodulin mutants to address implications from the enzyme crystal structure of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I. 
  • Characterization of the secondary structure of calmodulin in complex with a calmodulin-binding domain peptide. 
  • Chemoattractant-elicited alterations of cAMP levels in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes require a Ca2+-dependent mechanism which is independent of transmembrane activation of adenylate cyclase. 
  • Chicken calmodulin genes. A species comparison of cDNA sequences and isolation of a genomic clone. 
  • Chicken calmodulin promoter activity in proliferating and differentiated cells. 
  • Chimeric calmodulin-cardiac troponin C proteins differentially activate calmodulin target enzymes. 
  • Chronic elevation of calmodulin in the ventricles of transgenic mice increases the autonomous activity of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which regulates atrial natriuretic factor gene expression. 
  • Chronic sulpiride increased 3H-spiperone binding and calmodulin dependent phosphorylation in rat striatum. 
  • Control of microtubule assembly-disassembly by calcium-dependent regulator protein. 
  • Cooperative regulation of cell proliferation by calcium and calmodulin in Aspergillus nidulans. 
  • Coordinate regulation of mRNAs from multiple calmodulin genes during myoblast differentiation in vitro. 
  • Coping with stress: calmodulin and calcineurin in model and pathogenic fungi. 
  • Crystal structure of the ternary complex of a NaV C-terminal domain, a fibroblast growth factor homologous factor, and calmodulin. 
  • Crystal structures of apocalmodulin and an apocalmodulin/SK potassium channel gating domain complex. 
  • Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of calmodulin. 
  • Crystallographic studies of calmodulin. 
  • Current view on regulation of voltage-gated sodium channels by calcium and auxiliary proteins. 
  • Cyclic GMP as substrate and regulator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). 
  • Cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate, calcium and protein phosphorylation in flagellar motility. 
  • Defective glycolysis and calcium signaling underlie impaired insulin secretion in a transgenic mouse. 
  • Desensitization of the turkey erythrocyte beta-adrenergic receptor in a cell-free system. Evidence that multiple protein kinases can phosphorylate and desensitize the receptor. 
  • Developmental regulation of calmodulin, actin, and tubulin RNAs during rat testis differentiation. 
  • Differential activation of nitric-oxide synthase isozymes by calmodulin-troponin C chimeras. 
  • Domain II of calmodulin is involved in activation of calcineurin. 
  • Drosophilia spectrin. I. Characterization of the purified protein. 
  • Effects of changes in calmodulin levels on cell proliferation. 
  • Elevated beta-cell calmodulin produces a unique insulin secretory defect in transgenic mice. 
  • Essential roles for calcium and calmodulin in G2/M progression in Aspergillus nidulans. 
  • Estrogen stimulates the transient association of calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase with the chicken liver nuclear matrix. 
  • Expression of RNAs for calmodulin, actins, and tubulins in rat testis cells. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors tune arrhythmogenic late NaV1.5 current in calmodulin binding-deficient channels. 
  • Flow cytometric analysis of nitric oxide production in human neutrophils using dichlorofluorescein diacetate in the presence of a calmodulin inhibitor. 
  • Function and regulation of calmodulin in endocrine cells. 
  • Functional consequences of truncating amino acid side chains located at a calmodulin-peptide interface. 
  • Functional domains of chicken gizzard myosin light chain kinase. 
  • Functional significance of the central helix in calmodulin. 
  • Genetically engineered calmodulins differentially activate target enzymes. 
  • Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates calmodulin redistribution in rat pituitary. 
  • H/D exchange- and mass spectrometry-based strategy for the thermodynamic analysis of protein-ligand binding. 
  • Hormonal regulation of a chicken oviduct messenger ribonucleic acid that shares a common domain with gizzard myosin light chain kinase. 
  • Human calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I: cDNA cloning, domain structure and activation by phosphorylation at threonine-177 by calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase I kinase. 
  • Identification and inhibitory properties of a novel Ca(2+)/calmodulin antagonist. 
  • Identification of amino acids essential for calmodulin binding and activation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. 
  • Identification of high-affinity calmodulin-binding proteins in rat liver. 
  • Identification of multiple species of calmodulin messenger RNA using a full length complementary DNA. 
  • Identification of the components controlling inactivation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
  • Identification of the functionally relevant calmodulin binding site in smooth muscle caldesmon. 
  • Immunoselection of cDNAs to avian intestinal calcium binding protein 28K and a novel calmodulin-like protein: assessment of mRNA regulation by the vitamin D hormone. 
  • In vitro motility of AtKCBP, a calmodulin-binding kinesin protein of Arabidopsis. 
  • Increased calmodulin affects cell morphology and mRNA levels of cytoskeletal protein genes. 
  • Interactions of calmodulin with coated vesicles from brain. 
  • Intracellular pH regulation by Na(+)/H(+) exchange requires phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. 
  • Intrasteric regulation of myosin light chain kinase: the pseudosubstrate prototope binds to the active site. 
  • Ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes activate c-fos transcription by distinct calcium-requiring intracellular signaling pathways. 
  • Isolation and structural analysis of the chromosomal gene for chicken calmodulin. 
  • Isolation of the structural gene for calmodulin. 
  • KCNQ1 assembly and function is blocked by long-QT syndrome mutations that disrupt interaction with calmodulin. 
  • Keeping up with calcium: conference on calcium-binding proteins and calcium function in health and disease. 
  • Lic4, a nuclear phosphoprotein that cooperates with calcineurin to regulate cation homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Localization of calmodulin in rat cerebellum by immunoelectron microscopy. 
  • Mapping of calmodulin-binding domain of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II from rat brain. 
  • Mechanism of local and global Ca2+ sensing by calmodulin in complex with a Ca2+ channel. 
  • Mechanisms for regulation of calmodulin kinase IIalpha by Ca(2+)/calmodulin and autophosphorylation of threonine 286. 
  • Methionine to glutamine substitutions in the C-terminal domain of calmodulin impair the activation of three protein kinases. 
  • Methods for analyzing bovine papilloma virus-based calmodulin expression vectors. 
  • Modulation of IA currents by capsaicin in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • Modulation of calmodulin plasticity in molecular recognition on the basis of x-ray structures. 
  • Modulation of platelet shape and membrane receptor binding by Ca2+-calmodulin complex. 
  • Modulation of spectrin-actin assembly by erythrocyte adducin. 
  • Molecular analysis of calmodulin and smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. 
  • Molecular basis of calmodulin tethering and Ca2+-dependent inactivation of L-type Ca2+ channels. 
  • Molecular endpoints of Ca2+/calmodulin- and voltage-dependent inactivation of Ca(v)1.3 channels. 
  • Molecular mechanisms of action of calmodulin. 
  • Multiple Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases from rat brain. Purification, regulation by Ca(2+)-calmodulin, and partial amino acid sequence. 
  • Myosin light chain kinase structure function analysis using bacterial expression. 
  • NMR studies of a complex of deuterated calmodulin with melittin. 
  • Neurogranin, Encoded by the Schizophrenia Risk Gene NRGN, Bidirectionally Modulates Synaptic Plasticity via Calmodulin-Dependent Regulation of the Neuronal Phosphoproteome. 
  • Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase interaction with calmodulin-troponin C chimeras. 
  • Onset of feedback reactions underlying vertebrate rod photoreceptor light adaptation. 
  • Pcp1p, an Spc110p-related calmodulin target at the centrosome of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 
  • Pentoxifylline and other methyl xanthines inhibit interleukin-2 receptor expression in human lymphocytes. 
  • Physiological implications of the presence, distribution, and regulation of calmodulin in eukaryotic cells. 
  • Postreceptor signal transduction by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the Ca2+-calmodulin complex. 
  • Potentiation of bleomycin lethality by anticalmodulin drugs: a role for calmodulin in DNA repair. 
  • Presence and indirect immunofluorescent localization of calmodulin in Paramecium tetraurelia. 
  • Production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to calmodulin and utilization of these immunological probes. 
  • Prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced mitogenesis in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts: role of protein kinase-C-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation. 
  • Proteolysis of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. Formation of inactive and calmodulin-independent fragments. 
  • Purification and properties of a multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from rat pancreas. 
  • Putative calmodulin-binding domains in aflatoxin biosynthesis-regulatory proteins. 
  • Quantitation and significance of 125I-calmodulin binding to myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylase distributed on polyacrylamide gels. 
  • Radioimmunoassay of calmodulin. 
  • Rapid identification of protein phosphatase 1-binding proteins by mixed peptide sequencing and data base searching. Characterization of a novel holoenzymic form of protein phosphatase 1. 
  • Regulation by and of calmodulin in mammalian cells. 
  • Regulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II by Ca2+/calmodulin-independent autophosphorylation. 
  • Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) by actin. 
  • Regulation of intracellular levels of calmodulin and tubulin in normal and transformed cells. 
  • Regulation of microfilaments and microtubules by calcium and cyclic AMP. 
  • Regulation of protein kinases by pseudosubstrate prototopes. 
  • Regulation of protein phosphorylation and motility of sperm by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and calcium. 
  • Regulation of reconstituted renal Na+/H+ exchanger by calcium-dependent protein kinases. 
  • Regulation of smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase by calmodulin. 
  • Regulation of the cell cycle by calcium and calmodulin. 
  • Regulation of the cytoskeleton by Ca2+-calmodulin and cAMP. 
  • Regulation of the renal Na(+)-H+ exchanger by calcium calmodulin-dependent multifunctional protein kinase II. 
  • Regulation of the testis sertoli cell by follicle stimulating hormone. 
  • Regulatory cascades involving calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. 
  • Regulatory functions of calmodulin. 
  • Research Resource: Roles for Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in Systems Metabolism. 
  • Role of Ca++/calmodulin binding proteins in Aspergillus nidulans cell cycle regulation. 
  • Selective activation and inhibition of calmodulin-dependent enzymes by a calmodulin-like protein found in human epithelial cells. 
  • Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor-mediated Erk activation requires calcium/calmodulin-dependent receptor endocytosis. 
  • Spermatogenesis and the regulation of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV localization are not dependent on calspermin. 
  • Structural analyses of Ca²⁺/CaM interaction with NaV channel C-termini reveal mechanisms of calcium-dependent regulation. 
  • Structural analysis, identification, and design of calcium-binding sites in proteins. 
  • Structure of the gating domain of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel complexed with Ca2+/calmodulin. 
  • Substrate specificity of Ca2+/CaM-dependent multifunctional protein kinases: comparison of isoenzymes from brain, liver and skeletal muscle. 
  • Synaptotagmin 7 functions as a Ca2+-sensor for synaptic vesicle replenishment. 
  • Target enzyme recognition by calmodulin: 2.4 A structure of a calmodulin-peptide complex. 
  • Targeted developmental overexpression of calmodulin induces proliferative and hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes in transgenic mice. 
  • Targeted expression of calmodulin increases ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during mouse development. 
  • Targeted inhibition of Ca2+ /calmodulin signaling exacerbates the dystrophic phenotype in mdx mouse muscle. 
  • Targeted overexpression of an inactive calmodulin that binds Ca2+ to the mouse pancreatic beta-cell results in impaired secretion and chronic hyperglycemia. 
  • The Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin: molecular cloning and developmental regulation of mRNA abundance. 
  • The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases are AMP-activated protein kinase kinases. 
  • The amino acid sequence of the delta subunit (calmodulin) of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. 
  • The autonomous activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV is required for its role in transcription. 
  • The calmodulin binding domain of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase contains a pseudosubstrate sequence. 
  • The calmodulin-binding transcription factor SIGNAL RESPONSIVE1 is a novel regulator of glucosinolate metabolism and herbivory tolerance in Arabidopsis. 
  • The calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase catalytic subunit (calcineurin A) is an essential gene in Aspergillus nidulans. 
  • The calmodulin-nitric oxide synthase interaction. Critical role of the calmodulin latch domain in enzyme activation. 
  • The impact of the metabotropic glutamate receptor and other gene family interaction networks on autism. 
  • The mouse C-type transient receptor potential 2 (TRPC2) channel: alternative splicing and calmodulin binding to its N terminus. 
  • The nontranscribed chicken calmodulin pseudogene cross-hybridizes with mRNA from the slow-muscle troponin C gene. 
  • The role of calmodulin in the structure and regulation of phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle. 
  • The structural organization of the chicken calmodulin gene. 
  • The structure of a calmodulin mutant with a deletion in the central helix: implications for molecular recognition and protein binding. 
  • Thermodynamics of oxidation-reduction reactions in mammalian nitric-oxide synthase isoforms. 
  • Three amino acid substitutions in domain I of calmodulin prevent the activation of chicken smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. 
  • Three-dimensional structure of calmodulin. 
  • Tissue-specific expression of a chicken calmodulin pseudogene lacking intervening sequences. 
  • Troponin C modulates the activation of thin filaments by rigor cross-bridges. 
  • Tubulin and calmodulin. Effects of microtubule and microfilament inhibitors on localization in the mitotic apparatus. 
  • X-ray analysis reveals conformational adaptation of the linker in functional calmodulin mutants. 
  • alpha-Actinin is a potent regulator of G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity and substrate specificity in vitro. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bennett, Vann, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Middleton, John Paul, Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Nephrology
  • Pitt, Geoffrey Stuart, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology