Cell Differentiation

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 3D biofabrication strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. 
  • A CD19-dependent signaling pathway regulates autoimmunity in Lyn-deficient mice. 
  • A Fringe-modified Notch signal affects specification of mesoderm and endoderm in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • A Functionally Conserved Gene Regulatory Network Module Governing Olfactory Neuron Diversity. 
  • A MAP kinase cascade composed of cell type specific and non-specific elements controls mating and differentiation of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • A Risk Prediction Model Based on Lymph-Node Metastasis in Poorly Differentiated-Type Intramucosal Gastric Cancer. 
  • A balance between B cell receptor and inhibitory receptor signaling controls plasma cell differentiation by maintaining optimal Ets1 levels. 
  • A barrier-type insulator forms a boundary between active and inactive chromatin at the murine TCRβ locus. 
  • A bistable Rb-E2F switch underlies the restriction point. 
  • A caudal proliferating growth center contributes to both poles of the forming heart tube. 
  • A cell-intrinsic role for CaMKK2 in granulocyte lineage commitment and differentiation. 
  • A cellular genome-wide association study reveals human variation in microtubule stability and a role in inflammatory cell death. 
  • A comprehensive joint analysis of the long and short RNA transcriptomes of human erythrocytes. 
  • A computational model of cardiac fibroblast signaling predicts context-dependent drivers of myofibroblast differentiation. 
  • A conserved transcriptional enhancer regulates RAG gene expression in developing B cells. 
  • A critical role for the autophagy gene Atg5 in T cell survival and proliferation. 
  • A deadly game of musical chairs: survival of cells transplanted for myocardial repair. 
  • A developmental switch from TCR delta enhancer to TCR alpha enhancer function during thymocyte maturation. 
  • A dynamic dual role of IL-2 signaling in the two-step differentiation process of adaptive regulatory T cells. 
  • A dynamic epicardial injury response supports progenitor cell activity during zebrafish heart regeneration. 
  • A genetic investigation of E2A function in lymphocyte development. 
  • A genomic regulatory element that directs assembly and function of immune-specific AP-1-IRF complexes. 
  • A human gamma globin gene variant binds SP1. 
  • A hypothetic mechanism of diethylstilbestrol(DES)-induced anomalies in exposed progeny. 
  • A miR-34a-Numb Feedforward Loop Triggered by Inflammation Regulates Asymmetric Stem Cell Division in Intestine and Colon Cancer. 
  • A microRNA miR-34a-regulated bimodal switch targets Notch in colon cancer stem cells. 
  • A non-transformed oligodendrocyte precursor cell line, OL-1, facilitates studies of insulin-like growth factor-I signaling during oligodendrocyte development. 
  • A novel role for HEB downstream or parallel to the pre-TCR signaling pathway during alpha beta thymopoiesis. 
  • A novel role for activation-induced cytidine deaminase: central B-cell tolerance. 
  • A novel role for type 1 angiotensin receptors on T lymphocytes to limit target organ damage in hypertension. 
  • A pilot genome-wide association study shows genomic variants enriched in the non-tumor cells of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of the ileum. 
  • A regulatory cascade of three homeobox genes, ceh-10, ttx-3 and ceh-23, controls cell fate specification of a defined interneuron class in C. elegans. 
  • A role for adenosine deaminase in human monocyte maturation. 
  • A role for cohesin in T-cell-receptor rearrangement and thymocyte differentiation. 
  • A scanning electron microscope study of the extraembryonic endoderm of the 8th-day mouse embryo. 
  • A serum-free defined culture system which maintains follicle-stimulating hormone responsiveness and differentiation of porcine granulosa cells. 
  • A subset of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells expresses high levels of interleukin-12 in response to combined CD40 ligand and interferon-gamma treatment. 
  • A survival guide to early T cell development. 
  • A tale of two TRAPs: LAT and LAB in the regulation of lymphocyte development, activation, and autoimmunity. 
  • A threshold for central T cell tolerance to an inducible serum protein. 
  • A tyrosine hydroxylase-yellow fluorescent protein knock-in reporter system labeling dopaminergic neurons reveals potential regulatory role for the first intron of the rodent tyrosine hydroxylase gene. 
  • A validated regulatory network for Th17 cell specification. 
  • ABCB5 is a limbal stem cell gene required for corneal development and repair. 
  • ADAM10 is essential for proteolytic activation of Notch during thymocyte development. 
  • AID expression during B-cell development: searching for answers. 
  • AT2 receptor and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in vascular development. 
  • ATM: genome stability, neuronal development, and cancer cross paths. 
  • Aberrant Otx2 expression enhances migration and induces ectopic proliferation of hindbrain neuronal progenitor cells. 
  • Abi3bp is a multifunctional autocrine/paracrine factor that regulates mesenchymal stem cell biology. 
  • Abi3bp regulates cardiac progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. 
  • Abnormal B lymphocyte development, activation, and differentiation in mice that lack or overexpress the CD19 signal transduction molecule. 
  • Abnormalities in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolysis, ATP catabolism, and lymphoid differentiation in adenosine deaminase deficiency. 
  • Absolute values of dendritic cell subsets in bone marrow, cord blood, and peripheral blood enumerated by a novel method. 
  • Accessibility control of T cell receptor gene rearrangement in developing thymocytes. The TCR alpha/delta locus. 
  • Activation of Gz attenuates Rap1-mediated differentiation of PC12 cells. 
  • Activation of src-family tyrosine kinases by LPS regulates cytokine production in dendritic cells by controlling AP-1 formation. 
  • Activation of the sphingomyelin cycle by brefeldin A: effects of brefeldin A on differentiation and implications for a role for ceramide in regulation of protein trafficking. 
  • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase mediates central tolerance in B cells. 
  • Active immunization using dendritic cells mixed with tumor cells inhibits the growth of primary breast cancer. 
  • Activin enhances skin tumourigenesis and malignant progression by inducing a pro-tumourigenic immune cell response. 
  • Activin expression by cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. 
  • Addressing cell-sourcing limitations with gene therapy. 
  • Adenovirus-mediated delivery into myocytes of muscle glycogen phosphorylase, the enzyme deficient in patients with glycogen-storage disease type V. 
  • Adherens junctions and stem cells. 
  • Adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stem cells: effect of gastric bypass surgery. 
  • Adrenergic control of DNA synthesis in developing rat brain regions: effects of intracisternal administration of isoproterenol. 
  • Adult adipose-derived stem cell attachment to biomaterials. 
  • Adult renal mesenchymal stem cell-like cells contribute to juxtaglomerular cell recruitment. 
  • Advances in understanding tissue regenerative capacity and mechanisms in animals. 
  • Adverse neurodevelopmental effects of dexamethasone modeled in PC12 cells: identifying the critical stages and concentration thresholds for the targeting of cell acquisition, differentiation and viability. 
  • Age-related changes in the cellular composition and epithelial organization of the mouse trachea. 
  • Airway epithelial cells: current concepts and challenges. 
  • Akt is required for Stat5 activation and mammary differentiation. 
  • Akt1 and Akt2 are required for alphabeta thymocyte survival and differentiation. 
  • Allelic exclusion of mouse T cell receptor alpha chains occurs at the time of thymocyte TCR up-regulation. 
  • Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors targeted by cholinergic developmental neurotoxicants: nicotine and chlorpyrifos. 
  • Altered cytoplasmic/nuclear distribution of the c-myc protein in differentiating ML-1 human myeloid leukemia cells. 
  • Alternative pathways for the selection of antigen-specific peripheral T cells. 
  • Amniocytes can serve a dual function as a source of iPS cells and feeder layers. 
  • Amphiregulin-dependent mucous cell metaplasia in a model of nonallergic lung injury. 
  • An Engineered Optogenetic Switch for Spatiotemporal Control of Gene Expression, Cell Differentiation, and Tissue Morphogenesis. 
  • An Inhibitor of the F1 subunit of ATP synthase (IF1) modulates the activity of angiostatin on the endothelial cell surface. 
  • An analysis of T cell intrinsic roles of E2A by conditional gene disruption in the thymus. 
  • An analysis of alternatively spliced CD45 mRNA transcripts during T cell maturation in humans. 
  • An anti-silencer- and SATB1-dependent chromatin hub regulates Rag1 and Rag2 gene expression during thymocyte development. 
  • An approach to modelling in immunology. 
  • An avian model for the reversal of neurobehavioral teratogenicity with neural stem cells. 
  • An essential role for Prox1 in the induction of the lymphatic endothelial cell phenotype. 
  • An essential role for c-FLIP in the efficient development of mature T lymphocytes. 
  • Anabolism-Associated Mitochondrial Stasis Driving Lymphocyte Differentiation over Self-Renewal. 
  • Analysis of cDNA for human erythrocyte ankyrin indicates a repeated structure with homology to tissue-differentiation and cell-cycle control proteins. 
  • Analysis of neurogenesis in a mammalian neuroepithelium: proliferation and differentiation of an olfactory neuron precursor in vitro. 
  • Analysis of the expression of CD5 by human B cells and correlation with functional activity. 
  • Analysis of the relationship between stage of differentiation and NK/LAK susceptibility of colon carcinoma cells. 
  • Androgen binding protein as a biochemical marker of formation of the blood-testis barrier. 
  • Angiopoietin-1 enhances skeletal muscle regeneration in mice. 
  • Anti-Sm autoantibodies in MRL mice: analysis of precursor frequency. 
  • Anti-bombesin monoclonal antibodies modulate fetal mouse lung growth and maturation in utero and in organ cultures. 
  • Anti-c-myc DNA increases differentiation and decreases colony formation by HL-60 cells. 
  • Antibodies reactive with the B1 molecule inhibit cell cycle progression but not activation of human B lymphocytes. 
  • Antidepressant-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult nonhuman primates. 
  • Antiretroviral therapy corrects HIV-1-induced expansion of CD8+ CD45RA+ CD2-) CD11a(bright) activated T cells. 
  • Antitumor activity of epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein is mediated by inactivation of ErbB receptors and nuclear factor-kappaB in pancreatic cancer. 
  • ApoA-I induced CD31 in bone marrow-derived vascular progenitor cells increases adhesion: implications for vascular repair. 
  • Apolipoprotein E uptake and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein expression by the NTera2/D1 cell line: a cell culture model of relevance for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Apparent elastic modulus and hysteresis of skeletal muscle cells throughout differentiation. 
  • Application of a unique monoclonal antibody as a marker for nonproliferating subpopulations of cells of some tissue. 
  • Aquaporin 9 is the major pathway for glycerol uptake by mouse erythrocytes, with implications for malarial virulence. 
  • Are metaplasias in colorectal adenomas truly metaplasias? 
  • Arhgap24 inactivates Rac1 in mouse podocytes, and a mutant form is associated with familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. 
  • Arterial pole progenitors interpret opposing FGF/BMP signals to proliferate or differentiate. 
  • Assembly pathway of the anastral Drosophila oocyte meiosis I spindle. 
  • Assessing a role for enhancer-blocking activity in gene regulation within the murine T-cell receptor alpha/delta locus. 
  • Asymmetric localization of numb autonomously determines sibling neuron identity in the Drosophila CNS. 
  • Autocrine prolactin induced by the Pten-Akt pathway is required for lactation initiation and provides a direct link between the Akt and Stat5 pathways. 
  • Autoimmunity in dry eye is due to resistance of Th17 to Treg suppression. 
  • Autophagy and lymphocyte homeostasis. 
  • Autophagy regulates endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and calcium mobilization in T lymphocytes. 
  • Axonally translated SMADs link up BDNF and retrograde BMP signaling. 
  • B cell diversification and differentiation in the periphery. 
  • B lymphocytes: how they develop and function. 
  • B-1a and B-1b cells exhibit distinct developmental requirements and have unique functional roles in innate and adaptive immunity to S. pneumoniae. 
  • B-lymphocyte development is regulated by the combined dosage of three basic helix-loop-helix genes, E2A, E2-2, and HEB. 
  • B10 cells and regulatory B cells balance immune responses during inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. 
  • BDE99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether) suppresses differentiation into neurotransmitter phenotypes in PC12 cells. 
  • BDNF profoundly and specifically increases KCNQ4 expression in neurons derived from embryonic stem cells. 
  • BMP signaling and cellular dynamics during regeneration of airway epithelium from basal progenitors. 
  • BMP signaling is required for controlling somatic stem cell self-renewal in the Drosophila ovary. 
  • BMP-2 and BMP-9 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human multipotential mesenchymal cells and overcomes the inhibitory effect of IL-1. 
  • BMP2, but not BMP4, is crucial for chondrocyte proliferation and maturation during endochondral bone development. 
  • BRCA2 monoclonal antibodies react with differentiating epithelium. 
  • BSTA promotes mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation of Akt1 to suppress expression of FoxC2 and stimulate adipocyte differentiation. 
  • Basal B cell receptor-directed phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling turns off RAGs and promotes B cell-positive selection. 
  • Benzo[a]pyrene impairs neurodifferentiation in PC12 cells. 
  • Beta-adrenergic control of c-fos expression in fetal and neonatal rat tissues: relationship to cell differentiation and teratogenesis. 
  • Beta-arrestin 2 regulates zebrafish development through the hedgehog signaling pathway. 
  • Beta-catenin signaling pathway is crucial for bone morphogenetic protein 2 to induce new bone formation. 
  • Bimodal quantitative relationships between histone modifications for X-linked and autosomal loci. 
  • Binding of HMG-I(Y) elicits structural changes in a silencer of the human beta-globin gene. 
  • Biological basis of bone formation, remodeling, and repair-part I: biochemical signaling molecules. 
  • Biomaterials directed in vivo osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. 
  • Biomimetic Surface Patterning Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. 
  • Biphasic effects of interleukin-1beta on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. 
  • Blockade of angiotensin II type 2 receptor by PD123319 inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. 
  • Bmp Induces Osteoblast Differentiation through both Smad4 and mTORC1 Signaling. 
  • Bmp and Fgf signaling are essential for liver specification in zebrafish. 
  • Bmp signaling regulates proximal-distal differentiation of endoderm in mouse lung development. 
  • Bmp7 regulates germ cell proliferation in mouse fetal gonads. 
  • Bombesin-like peptide receptor gene expression, regulation, and function in fetal murine lung. 
  • Bombesin-like peptides and receptors in normal fetal baboon lung: roles in lung growth and maturation. 
  • Bone formation by human postnatal bone marrow stromal stem cells is enhanced by telomerase expression. 
  • Bone marrow transplantation transfers age-related susceptibility to neovascular remodeling in murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. 
  • Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) acts during gastrula stages to cause ventralization of Xenopus embryos. 
  • Bone morphogenetic protein-6 is a marker of serous acinar cell differentiation in normal and neoplastic human salivary gland. 
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins induce pancreatic cancer cell invasiveness through a Smad1-dependent mechanism that involves matrix metalloproteinase-2. 
  • Brefeldin A promotes hydrolysis of sphingomyelin. 
  • C3d receptors are expressed on human monocytes after in vitro cultivation. 
  • CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha is required for transcription of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene during adipogenesis. 
  • CCN1 Regulates Chondrocyte Maturation and Cartilage Development. 
  • CD molecules 2005: human cell differentiation molecules. 
  • CD10/neutral endopeptidase 24.11 in developing human fetal lung. Patterns of expression and modulation of peptide-mediated proliferation. 
  • CD11c(+)B220(+)Gr-1(+) cells in mouse lymph nodes and spleen display characteristics of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. 
  • CD14+ blood monocytes can differentiate into functionally mature CD83+ dendritic cells. 
  • CD19 regulates B lymphocyte signaling thresholds critical for the development of B-1 lineage cells and autoimmunity. 
  • CD19 regulates intrinsic B lymphocyte signal transduction and activation through a novel mechanism of processive amplification. 
  • CD3 delta and epsilon gene expression in CD3-CD16+ natural killer cell clones derived from thymic precursors. 
  • CD34+CD38-lin- cord blood cells develop into dendritic cells in human thymic stromal monolayers and thymic nodules. 
  • CD4+Thy1- thymocytes with a Th-type 2 cytokine response. 
  • CD40 mediated activation of gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. 
  • COBRA, an Arabidopsis extracellular glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein, specifically controls highly anisotropic expansion through its involvement in cellulose microfibril orientation. 
  • Calcium dependent CAMTA1 in adult stem cell commitment to a myocardial lineage. 
  • Calcium phosphate-bearing matrices induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through adenosine signaling. 
  • Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell expansion and differentiation during kidney development. 
  • Carcinoma of an unknown primary site: a chemotherapy strategy based on histological differentiation--results of a prospective study. 
  • Carcinoma of the esophagus with mixed basaloid squamous and glandular differentiation: a distinct histological presentation. 
  • Cardiac cell therapy in vitro: reproducible assays for comparing the efficacy of different donor cells. 
  • Cardiomyoplasty: the prospect of human stem cells. 
  • Cartilage tissue engineering: Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells in three-dimensional hydrogel culture. 
  • Cartilage-specific RBPjκ-dependent and -independent Notch signals regulate cartilage and bone development. 
  • Cartilage-specific β-catenin signaling regulates chondrocyte maturation, generation of ossification centers, and perichondrial bone formation during skeletal development. 
  • Caspase-3 dependent cleavage and activation of skeletal muscle phosphorylase b kinase. 
  • Cell Density and Joint microRNA-133a and microRNA-696 Inhibition Enhance Differentiation and Contractile Function of Engineered Human Skeletal Muscle Tissues. 
  • Cell adhesion in epidermal development and barrier formation. 
  • Cell cycle control in the terminally differentiated myocyte. A platform for myocardial repair? 
  • Cell interactions and endoderm differentiation in cultured mouse embryos. 
  • Cell interactions modulate embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation into parietal or visceral endoderm. 
  • Cell lineage conversion in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Cellular and molecular pathways regulating mammalian sex determination. 
  • Cellular and molecular studies in brain and nervous system oncology. 
  • Cellular events in the differentiation of antibody-secreting cells. 
  • Cellular gene expression in papillomas of the choroid plexus from transgenic mice that express the simian virus 40 large T antigen. 
  • Cellular interaction in germinal centers. Roles of CD40 ligand and B7-2 in established germinal centers. 
  • Cellular mechanisms for developmental toxicity of chlorpyrifos: targeting the adenylyl cyclase signaling cascade. 
  • Cellularization in Drosophila melanogaster is disrupted by the inhibition of rho activity and the activation of Cdc42 function. 
  • Centrifugal migration of mesenchymal cells in embryonic lung. 
  • Ceramide-mediated biology. Determination of structural and stereospecific requirements through the use of N-acyl-phenylaminoalcohol analogs. 
  • Change in surface roughness by dynamic shape-memory acrylate networks enhances osteoblast differentiation. 
  • Changes in CD4+ T-cell differentiation phenotype during structured treatment interruption in patients with chronic HIV-1 infection. 
  • Changes in the behaviour of teratocarcinoma cells cultivated in vitro. 
  • Changes in the binding of "fast"-form alpha 2-macroglobulin to 3T3-L1 cells after differentiation to adipocytes. 
  • Changes in the rate of laminin and entactin synthesis in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells treated with retinoic acid and cyclic amp. 
  • Characterization of a CNS cell line, CAD, in which morphological differentiation is initiated by serum deprivation. 
  • Characterization of a monoclonal antibody, RTE-21, that binds to keratohyalin granule-associated proteins in epithelial cells of human skin and thymus. 
  • Characterization of a zinc finger DNA-binding protein expressed specifically in Petunia petals and seedlings. 
  • Characterization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell combinations for vascularized bone engineering. 
  • Characterization of angiotensin II-receptor subtypes in podocytes. 
  • Characterization of free-floating spheres from human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell culture in vitro. 
  • Characterization of murine BATF: a negative regulator of activator protein-1 activity in the thymus. 
  • Characterization of neuronal/glial differentiation of murine adipose-derived adult stromal cells. 
  • Characterization of the effects of endotoxin on macrophage tumor cell killing. 
  • Characterization of the energy-dependent, mating factor-activated Ca2+ influx in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Characterization of the neural stem cell gene regulatory network identifies OLIG2 as a multifunctional regulator of self-renewal. 
  • Chemokines and B-cell homing to follicles. 
  • Chemotactic peptide receptor-cytoskeletal interactions and functional correlations in differentiated HL-60 cells and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 
  • Chemotaxis by a CNS macrophage, the microglia. 
  • Chicken calmodulin promoter activity in proliferating and differentiated cells. 
  • Chlorpyrifos affects phenotypic outcomes in a model of mammalian neurodevelopment: critical stages targeting differentiation in PC12 cells. 
  • Chlorpyrifos targets developing glia: effects on glial fibrillary acidic protein. 
  • Chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells in elastin-like polypeptide. 
  • Chondrogenic differentiation of human embryonic germ cell derived cells in hydrogels. 
  • Chondrogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cells in arginine-glycine-aspartate-modified hydrogels. 
  • Chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. 
  • Chondroitin sulfate based niches for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • Chronic prenatal nicotine exposure sensitizes rat brain to acute postnatal nicotine challenge as assessed with ornithine decarboxylase. 
  • Cic Loss Promotes Gliomagenesis via Aberrant Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. 
  • Cigarette smoke modulates vascular smooth muscle phenotype: implications for carotid and cerebrovascular disease. 
  • Citation for the 1998 Gerald D. Aurbach Lecture Award of the Endocrine Society to Dr. JoAnne S. Richards. 
  • Clonal expansion and decreased occurrence of peripheral blood gamma delta T cells of the V delta 2J delta 3 lineage in multiple sclerosis patients. 
  • Cloning of mitogen- and antigen-reactive B lymphocytes on filter paper disks: phenotypic and genotypic analysis of B cell colonies. 
  • Combined bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -7 gene transfer enhances osteoblastic differentiation and spine fusion in a rodent model. 
  • Combined deletion of Id2 and Id3 genes reveals multiple roles for E proteins in invariant NKT cell development and expansion. 
  • Common tolerance mechanisms, but distinct cross-reactivities associated with gp41 and lipids, limit production of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10. 
  • Comparative and functional evaluation of in vitro generated to ex vivo CD8 T cells. 
  • Comparative proteomic analysis of proteins involved in cell aggregation during neural differentiation of P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells. 
  • Comparison of endothelial cell phenotypic markers of late-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells isolated from patients with coronary artery disease and healthy volunteers. 
  • Comparison of hematopoietic progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood collected from neonatal infants who are small and appropriate for gestational age. 
  • Comparison of thymocyte development and cytokine production in CD7-deficient, CD28-deficient and CD7/CD28 double-deficient mice. 
  • Complex role of the vitamin D receptor and its ligand in adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. 
  • Conditional expression of SV40 T-antigen in mouse cardiomyocytes facilitates an inducible switch from proliferation to differentiation. 
  • Conditional stabilization of beta-catenin expands the pool of lung stem cells. 
  • Conditions that promote primary human skeletal myoblast culture and muscle differentiation in vitro. 
  • Conotruncal myocardium arises from a secondary heart field. 
  • Constitutive Notch signalling promotes CD4 CD8 thymocyte differentiation in the absence of the pre-TCR complex, by mimicking pre-TCR signals. 
  • Control of Arabidopsis root development. 
  • Control of CD4 gene expression: connecting signals to outcomes in T cell development. 
  • Control of basement membrane remodeling and epithelial branching morphogenesis in embryonic lung by Rho and cytoskeletal tension. 
  • Control of mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and differentiation depending on cell adhesion mechanism. 
  • Control of stem cell fate by physical interactions with the extracellular matrix. 
  • Control of the differentiation of regulatory T cells and T(H)17 cells by the DNA-binding inhibitor Id3. 
  • Controlled differentiation of stem cells. 
  • Controlling lymphopoiesis with a combinatorial E-protein code. 
  • Cooperation of Sp1 and p300 in the induction of the CDK inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 during NGF-mediated neuronal differentiation. 
  • Cooperative effect of tumor necrosis factor and gamma-interferon on chemotactic peptide receptor expression and stimulus-induced actin polymerization in HL-60 cells. 
  • Cooperative effects of gamma interferon and 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in inducing differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. 
  • Coordinate regulation of mRNAs from multiple calmodulin genes during myoblast differentiation in vitro. 
  • Coreceptor signal strength regulates positive selection but does not determine CD4/CD8 lineage choice in a physiologic in vivo model. 
  • Corticosteroids regulate epithelial cell differentiation and Hassall body formation in the human thymus. 
  • Critical periods for the role of oxidative stress in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and terbutaline, alone or in combination. 
  • Critical role of the tumor suppressor tuberous sclerosis complex 1 in dendritic cell activation of CD4 T cells by promoting MHC class II expression via IRF4 and CIITA. 
  • Critical roles of RasGRP1 for invariant NKT cell development. 
  • Critical roles of mTOR Complex 1 and 2 for T follicular helper cell differentiation and germinal center responses. 
  • Cyclic AMP modulates the functional plasticity of immature dendritic cells by inhibiting Src-like kinases through protein kinase A-mediated signaling. 
  • Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Cycling in the Cell Fate Landscape. 
  • Cyclosporine A inhibits Ca2+-dependent stimulation of the Na+/H+ antiport in human T cells. 
  • Cysteine and glutathione levels in developing rat kidney and liver. 
  • Cytokeratin 12 in human ocular surface epithelia is the antigen reactive with a commercial anti-Galpha q antibody. 
  • Cytokine expression by invariant natural killer T cells is tightly regulated throughout development and settings of type-2 inflammation. 
  • Cytokine profiling using monocytes/macrophages cultured on common biomaterials with a range of surface chemistries. 
  • Cytokine signals through STAT3 promote expression of granulocyte secondary granule proteins in 32D cells. 
  • Cytokine stimulation of aerobic glycolysis in hematopoietic cells exceeds proliferative demand. 
  • Cytokine transcriptional events during helper T cell subset differentiation. 
  • Cytokine-induced mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells enhances repair of injured arteries. 
  • Defective dendritic cell maturation in a child with nucleotide excision repair deficiency and CD4 lymphopenia. 
  • Defective prolactin signaling impairs pancreatic β-cell development during the perinatal period. 
  • Deficiency in Bak and Bax perturbs thymic selection and lymphoid homeostasis. 
  • Defining the Path from Stem Cells to Differentiated Tissue. 
  • Definition of a novel cellular constituent of the bone marrow that regulates the response of immature B cells to B cell antigen receptor engagement. 
  • Delayed transition to new cell fates during cellular reprogramming. 
  • Deletion of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors permits generation of alphabetaT cells that recognize antigens independently of the MHC. 
  • Deletion of angiotensin II type 2 receptor accelerates adipogenesis in murine mesenchymal stem cells via Wnt10b/beta-catenin signaling. 
  • Deletion of carboxy-terminal residues of murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor results in a loss of biologic activity and altered glycosylation. 
  • Deltex1 redirects lymphoid progenitors to the B cell lineage by antagonizing Notch1. 
  • Demonstration of abnormalities in expression of thymic epithelial surface antigens in severe cellular immunodeficiency diseases. 
  • Dendritic cell/macrophage precursors capture exogenous antigen for MHC class I presentation by dendritic cells. 
  • Dendritic cells cultured in anti-CD40 antibody-immobilized plates elicit a highly efficient peptide-specific T-cell response. 
  • Derivation of chondrogenically-committed cells from human embryonic cells for cartilage tissue regeneration. 
  • Desert Hedgehog/Patched 1 signaling specifies fetal Leydig cell fate in testis organogenesis. 
  • Determining γδ versus αß T cell development. 
  • Development and distribution of a human B cell subpopulation identified by the HB-4 monoclonal antibody. 
  • Development of polyploidy of scale-building cells in the wings of Manduca sexta. 
  • Development of the cochlear innervation of the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the hamster. 
  • Developmental and transformation-sensitive expression of the Sparc gene on mouse chromosome 11. 
  • Developmental control of gene copy number by repression of replication initiation and fork progression. 
  • Developmental defects in mouse embryos lacking N-cadherin. 
  • Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos elicits sex-selective alterations of serotonergic synaptic function in adulthood: critical periods and regional selectivity for effects on the serotonin transporter, receptor subtypes, and cell signaling. 
  • Developmental expression of extracellular glutathione peroxidase suggests antioxidant roles in deciduum, visceral yolk sac, and skin. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicants target neurodifferentiation into the serotonin phenotype: Chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dieldrin and divalent nickel. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos in vivo and in vitro: effects on nuclear transcription factors involved in cell replication and differentiation. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates targets cell cycle and apoptosis, revealed by transcriptional profiles in vivo and in vitro. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of perfluorinated chemicals modeled in vitro. 
  • Developmental regulation of V(D)J recombination at the TCR alpha/delta locus. 
  • Developmental regulation of alpha beta T cell antigen receptor expression results from differential stability of nascent TCR alpha proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum of immature and mature T cells. 
  • Developmental regulation of apical endocytosis controls epithelial patterning in vertebrate tubular organs. 
  • Developmental regulation of lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) expression in thymus during human T-cell maturation. 
  • Diacylglycerol kinase zeta positively controls the development of iNKT-17 cells. 
  • Differential Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death and Interferon Expression in Cancer Cells by Structured ssRNAs. 
  • Differential display of proteins involved in the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic carcinoma P19 cells by comparative proteomic analysis. 
  • Differential effects of nitric oxide on erythroid and myeloid colony growth from CD34+ human bone marrow cells. 
  • Differential effects of prostate cancer therapeutics on neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. 
  • Differential expression of a proteasomal subunit during chick development. 
  • Differential expression of glutamate receptors in avian neural pathways for learned vocalization. 
  • Differential functions for the transcription factor E2A in positive and negative gene regulation in pre-B lymphocytes. 
  • Differential requirement for the SAP-Fyn interaction during NK T cell development and function. 
  • Differential requirement of RasGRP1 for γδ T cell development and activation. 
  • Differentiation and morphogenesis in pellet cultures of developing rat retinal cells. 
  • Differentiation and tolerance of CD4+ T lymphocytes. 
  • Differentiation domains of the erythropoietin receptor. 
  • Differentiation of U937 cells enables a phospholipase D-dependent pathway of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation. 
  • Differentiation of a catecholaminergic CNS cell line modifies tyrosine hydroxylase transcriptional regulation. 
  • Differentiation of erythroleukemia cells in vitro: properties of chemical inducers. 
  • Differentiation of human T cells. 
  • Differentiation of human T lymphocytes. I. Acquisition of a novel human cell surface protein (p80) during normal intrathymic T cell maturation. 
  • Differentiation of mammalian skeletal muscle cells cultured on microcarrier beads in a rotating cell culture system. 
  • Differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells in vitro. 
  • Differentiation of the giant and fusiform cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the hamster. 
  • Digoxin and its derivatives suppress TH17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORγt activity. 
  • Direct binding of activated c-Src to the beta 3-adrenergic receptor is required for MAP kinase activation. 
  • Direct effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on fetal lung explants. 
  • Directed in vitro myogenesis of human embryonic stem cells and their in vivo engraftment. 
  • Discontinuous expression of a membrane antigen (HB-7) during B lymphocyte differentiation. 
  • Disparate developmental neurotoxicants converge on the cyclic AMP signaling cascade, revealed by transcriptional profiles in vitro and in vivo. 
  • Disruption of crosstalk between mesenchymal stromal and tumor cells in bone marrow as a therapeutic target to prevent metastatic bone disease. 
  • Disruption of mitotic arrest precedes precocious differentiation and transdifferentiation of pregranulosa cells in the perinatal Wnt4 mutant ovary. 
  • Disruption of testis cords by cyclopamine or forskolin reveals independent cellular pathways in testis organogenesis. 
  • Distinct Responses of Stem Cells to Telomere Uncapping-A Potential Strategy to Improve the Safety of Cell Therapy. 
  • Distinct contracted conformations of the Tcra/Tcrd locus during Tcra and Tcrd recombination. 
  • Distinct electric potentials in soma and neurite membranes. 
  • Distinct epidermal growth factor receptor and KRAS mutation patterns in non-small cell lung cancer patients with different tobacco exposure and clinicopathologic features. 
  • Distinction between differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis signals in PC12 cells by the nerve growth factor mutant delta9/13, which is selective for the p75 neurotrophin receptor. 
  • Divergent regulation of functionally distinct γ-tubulin complexes during differentiation. 
  • Diverse neurotoxicants converge on gene expression for neuropeptides and their receptors in an in vitro model of neurodifferentiation: effects of chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dieldrin and divalent nickel in PC12 cells. 
  • Diverse neurotoxicants target the differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells into neuronal and glial phenotypes. 
  • Does mechanism matter? Unrelated neurotoxicants converge on cell cycle and apoptosis during neurodifferentiation. 
  • Down-regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor ROR gamma t is essential for T lymphocyte maturation. 
  • Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric cell division: recent advances and implications for stem cell biology. 
  • Dual SMAD Signaling Inhibition Enables Long-Term Expansion of Diverse Epithelial Basal Cells. 
  • Dynamic imaging of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells trafficking to myocardial infarction. 
  • Dynamic regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores by stromal interaction molecule 1 and sarcolipin during muscle differentiation. 
  • Dynamics of the epigenetic landscape during erythroid differentiation after GATA1 restoration. 
  • E protein transcription factors are required for the development of CD4(+) lineage T cells. 
  • E proteins in lymphocyte development and lymphoid diseases. 
  • E1A-mediated inhibition of myogenesis correlates with a direct physical interaction of E1A12S and basic helix-loop-helix proteins. 
  • E2A and IRF-4/Pip promote chromatin modification and transcription of the immunoglobulin kappa locus in pre-B cells. 
  • E2A promotes the survival of precursor and mature B lymphocytes. 
  • EIF4A3 deficient human iPSCs and mouse models demonstrate neural crest defects that underlie Richieri-Costa-Pereira syndrome. 
  • ELAV protein HuA (HuR) can redistribute between nucleus and cytoplasm and is upregulated during serum stimulation and T cell activation. 
  • ELAV tumor antigen, Hel-N1, increases translation of neurofilament M mRNA and induces formation of neurites in human teratocarcinoma cells. 
  • ETS transcription factors regulate an enhancer activity in the third intron of TNF-alpha. 
  • EXT1 regulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation during endochondral bone development. 
  • Early differentiation and migration of cranial neural crest in the opossum, Monodelphis domestica. 
  • Early events in human T cell ontogeny. Phenotypic characterization and immunohistologic localization of T cell precursors in early human fetal tissues. 
  • Early growth response 1 and NF-ATc1 act in concert to promote thymocyte development beyond the beta-selection checkpoint. 
  • Early human T cell development: analysis of the human thymus at the time of initial entry of hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal thymic microenvironment. 
  • Effect of cyclic stretch on beta1D-integrin expression and activation of FAK and RhoA. 
  • Effect of microRNA modulation on bioartificial muscle function. 
  • Effect of scaffold microarchitecture on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • Effect of thimerosal in leukemia, in leukemic cell lines, and on normal hematopoiesis. 
  • Effects of Pubertal Exposure to Dietary Soy on Estrogen Receptor Activity in the Breast of Cynomolgus Macaques. 
  • Effects of acute and chronic inflammation on B-cell development and differentiation. 
  • Effects of chronic exposure to simulated microgravity on skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. 
  • Effects of glutamine, glucose, and oxygen concentration on the metabolism and proliferation of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells. 
  • Effects of taxol and Colcemid on myofibrillogenesis. 
  • Effects of tobacco smoke on PC12 cell neurodifferentiation are distinct from those of nicotine or benzo[a]pyrene. 
  • Elevated PTH induces endothelial-to-chondrogenic transition in aortic endothelial cells. 
  • Embryonic expression of Lim-1, the mouse homolog of Xenopus Xlim-1, suggests a role in lateral mesoderm differentiation and neurogenesis. 
  • Embryonic germ cell lines and their derivation from mouse primordial germ cells. 
  • Embryonic lethal abnormal visual RNA-binding proteins involved in growth, differentiation, and posttranscriptional gene expression. 
  • Emerging Concepts in Paracrine Mechanisms in Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine and Biology. 
  • Endo16 is required for gastrulation in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. 
  • Endometrioid carcinoma of the endometrium with sertoliform differentiation. 
  • Endoreplication and polyploidy: insights into development and disease. 
  • Endothelial and steroidogenic cell migration are regulated by WNT4 in the developing mammalian gonad. 
  • Endothelial progenitor cell infusion induces hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution in vivo. 
  • Enforced expression of FGF-7 promotes epithelial hyperplasia whereas a dominant negative FGFR2iiib promotes the emergence of neuroendocrine phenotype in prostate glands of transgenic mice. 
  • Engagement of the type I interferon receptor on dendritic cells inhibits T helper 17 cell development: role of intracellular osteopontin. 
  • Engineered microenvironments for self-renewal and musculoskeletal differentiation of stem cells. 
  • Engineered pluripotent mesenchymal cells integrate and differentiate in regenerating bone: a novel cell-mediated gene therapy. 
  • Engineered skeletal muscle tissue networks with controllable architecture. 
  • Engineering human pluripotent stem cells into a functional skeletal muscle tissue. 
  • Engineering musculoskeletal tissues with human embryonic germ cell derivatives. 
  • Engineering skeletal myoblasts: roles of three-dimensional culture and electrical stimulation. 
  • Engineering the cell-material interface for controlling stem cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. 
  • Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells by coculture with hepatic cells. 
  • Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells in hydrogels with glucosamine. 
  • Enhanced differentiation of splenic plasma cells but diminished long-lived high-affinity bone marrow plasma cells in aged mice. 
  • Enhancement of dopaminergic properties and protection mediated by neuronal activation of Ras in mouse ventral mesencephalic neurones. 
  • Enhancement of human hematopoiesis by mast cell growth factor in human-sheep chimeras created by the in utero transplantation of human fetal hematopoietic cells. 
  • Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like transforming growth factor (TGF) activity and EGF receptors in ovine fetal tissues: possible role for TGF in ovine fetal development. 
  • Epigallocatechin gallate affects human dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. 
  • Epithelial stem/progenitor cells in lung postnatal growth, maintenance, and repair. 
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions and hepatocarcinogenesis. 
  • Erbin suppresses the MAP kinase pathway. 
  • Erythropoietin mediates terminal granulocytic differentiation of committed myeloid cells with ectopic erythropoietin receptor expression. 
  • Erythropoietin receptor contains both growth-promoting activity and differentiation-promoting activity. 
  • Erythropoietin receptor signals both proliferation and erythroid-specific differentiation. 
  • Escaping G1 restraints on neoplasia--Cdk4 regulation by Ras and NF-kappa B. 
  • Essential amino acid deprivation induces monocytic differentiation of the human HL-60 myeloid leukemia cell line. 
  • Essential and unexpected role of Yin Yang 1 to promote mesodermal cardiac differentiation. 
  • Essential role of LAT in T cell development. 
  • Estrogen-related receptor-α is a metabolic regulator of effector T-cell activation and differentiation. 
  • Evaluation of lymphocyte differentiation in primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases. 
  • Evaluation of squamous epithelium in adenoacanthoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the endometrium: immunoperoxidase analysis of involucrin and keratin localization. 
  • Evidence for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in adult liver cells. 
  • Evidence for multiple roles for grainyhead-like 2 in the establishment and maintenance of human mucociliary airway epithelium.[corrected]. 
  • Evidence for susceptibility of intrathymic T cell precursors to human immunodeficiency virus infection: a mechanism for T4 (CD4) lymphocyte depletion. 
  • Exposure to a youthful circulaton rejuvenates bone repair through modulation of β-catenin. 
  • Expression and functional analysis of Gm114, a putative mammalian ortholog of Drosophila bam. 
  • Expression and regulation of calcium-independent protein kinase C in NG 108-15 cell differentiation. 
  • Expression of C3b receptors on human be cells and myelomonocytic cells but not natural killer cells. 
  • Expression of C3d receptors during human B cell differentiation: immunofluorescence analysis with the HB-5 monoclonal antibody. 
  • Expression of CCR5 increases during monocyte differentiation and directly mediates macrophage susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 
  • Expression of CD44 molecules and CD44 ligands during human thymic fetal development: expression of CD44 isoforms is developmentally regulated. 
  • Expression of EGF receptor and transferrin by F9 and PC13 teratocarcinoma cells. 
  • Expression of Neurogenin 1 in mouse embryonic stem cells directs the differentiation of neuronal precursors and identifies unique patterns of down-stream gene expression. 
  • Expression of Pax2 and patterning of the chick inner ear. 
  • Expression of a wide T cell receptor V beta repertoire in human T lymphocytes derived in vitro from embryonic liver cell precursors. 
  • Expression of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor subtypes in prenatal rat spinal cord. 
  • Expression of cln3 in human NT2 neuronal precursor cells and neonatal rat brain. 
  • Expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens in normal and transformed rat thyroid epithelial cell lines. 
  • Expression of osteocalcin and its transcriptional regulators core-binding factor alpha 1 and MSX2 in osteoid-forming tumours. 
  • Expression of p53 in human neuroblastoma- and neuroepithelioma-derived cell lines. 
  • Expression of protooncogene c-myb in normal human hematopoietic cells. 
  • Expression of terminin in the rat brain during neuronal differentiation. 
  • Extent of stimulation controls the formation of memory CD8 T cells. 
  • FOXN1 mutation abrogates prenatal T-cell development in humans. 
  • Failure of terminal erythroid differentiation in EKLF-deficient mice is associated with cell cycle perturbation and reduced expression of E2F2. 
  • Family history of cancer and risk of sporadic differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 
  • Female fertility is reduced in mice lacking Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. 
  • Ferritin heavy chain-mediated iron homeostasis and subsequent increased reactive oxygen species production are essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. 
  • Fetal dexamethasone exposure accelerates development of renal function: relationship to dose, cell differentiation and growth inhibition. 
  • Fetal dexamethasone exposure impairs cellular development in neonatal rat heart and kidney: effects on DNA and protein in whole tissues. 
  • Fgf9 induces proliferation and nuclear localization of FGFR2 in Sertoli precursors during male sex determination. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 regulates proliferation and Sertoli differentiation during male sex determination. 
  • Flt3 is dispensable to the Hoxa9/Meis1 leukemogenic cooperation. 
  • Foxp3 and Toll-like receptor signaling balance Treg cell anabolic metabolism for suppression. 
  • From the yolk sac to the spleen: New roles for Notch in regulating hematopoiesis. 
  • Functional cardiac tissue engineering. 
  • Functional changes in human leukemic cell line HL-60. A model for myeloid differentiation. 
  • Functional polymorphisms in the insulin-like binding protein-3 gene may modulate susceptibility to differentiated thyroid carcinoma in Caucasian Americans. 
  • Functional variations in the ATM gene and susceptibility to differentiated thyroid carcinoma. 
  • GATA6 levels modulate primitive endoderm cell fate choice and timing in the mouse blastocyst. 
  • GPI-defective monocytes from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patients show impaired in vitro dendritic cell differentiation. 
  • GRHL2 coordinates regeneration of a polarized mucociliary epithelium from basal stem cells. 
  • GRK6 deficiency is associated with enhanced CXCR4-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and impaired responsiveness to G-CSF in vivo. 
  • Gene expression programs of human smooth muscle cells: tissue-specific differentiation and prognostic significance in breast cancers. 
  • Gene expression studies in leiomyomata: new directions for research. 
  • Generation of articular chondrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. 
  • Generation of dendritic cells in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha for use in cancer immunotherapy. 
  • Genetic engineering of mesenchymal stem cells and its application in human disease therapy. 
  • Genetics of Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Genome accessibility is widely preserved and locally modulated during mitosis. 
  • Genome-wide identification of regulatory elements in Sertoli cells. 
  • Genome-wide mapping of DNase hypersensitive sites using massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS). 
  • Genomic distribution of CHD7 on chromatin tracks H3K4 methylation patterns. 
  • Germinal Center Hypoxia Potentiates Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination. 
  • Germinal center B cell depletion diminishes CD4+ follicular T helper cells in autoimmune mice. 
  • Getting to the root of plant development: the genetics of Arabidopsis root formation. 
  • Gfi-1B controls human erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation by regulating TGF-beta signaling at the bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor stage. 
  • Glial-mesenchymal tropism of in vivo avian sarcoma virus neuro-oncogenesis in rats. 
  • Global expression analysis of well-differentiated pancreatic endocrine neoplasms using oligonucleotide microarrays. 
  • Glutamatergic neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells after transient expression of neurogenin 1 and treatment with BDNF and GDNF: in vitro and in vivo studies. 
  • Glutamine Metabolism Regulates the Pluripotency Transcription Factor OCT4. 
  • Glutamine prevents apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and induces differential protective pathways in heat and oxidant injury models. 
  • Glutamine synthetase is a genetic determinant of cell type-specific glutamine independence in breast epithelia. 
  • Grading of well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is improved by the inclusion of both Ki67 proliferative index and mitotic rate. 
  • Graft hyporeactivity induced by immature donor-derived dendritic cells. 
  • Graft-extrinsic cells predominate in vein graft arterialization. 
  • Granulosa cell differentiation in vitro: effect of insulin on growth and functional integrity. 
  • Growth hormone and prolactin receptors in adipogenesis: STAT-5 activation, suppressors of cytokine signaling, and regulation of insulin-like growth factor I. 
  • HES factors regulate specific aspects of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy during cartilage development. 
  • HIV-1 Nef induces dedifferentiation of podocytes in vivo: a characteristic feature of HIVAN. 
  • HIV-1 Nef induces proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in podocytes. 
  • HIV-1 gp120 induces anergy in naive T lymphocytes through CD4-independent protein kinase-A-mediated signaling. 
  • Hand2 regulates extracellular matrix remodeling essential for gut-looping morphogenesis in zebrafish. 
  • Hedgehog signaling activates a positive feedback mechanism involving insulin-like growth factors to induce osteoblast differentiation. 
  • Hedgehog signaling is required for differentiation of endocardial progenitors in zebrafish. 
  • Hel-N1/Hel-N2 proteins are bound to poly(A)+ mRNA in granular RNP structures and are implicated in neuronal differentiation. 
  • Helicobacter pylori induces apoptosis of human monocytes but not monocyte-derived dendritic cells: role of the cag pathogenicity island. 
  • Helix-loop-helix transcription factors E12 and E47 are not essential for skeletal or cardiac myogenesis, erythropoiesis, chondrogenesis, or neurogenesis. 
  • Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide System and Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation and Maturation into Cardiomyocytes. 
  • Heparin mimicking polymer promotes myogenic differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. 
  • Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor promotes neuroblastoma differentiation. 
  • Hepatoid yolk sac tumor of the ovary (endodermal sinus tumor with hepatoid differentiation): a light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of seven cases. 
  • Hepcidin expression in human airway epithelial cells is regulated by interferon-γ. 
  • Hierarchical organization of lung progenitor cells: is there an adult lung tissue stem cell? 
  • High levels of B-cell activating factor in patients with active chronic graft-versus-host disease. 
  • High molecular weight extracellular proteins synthesized by endoderm cells derived from mouse teratocarcinoma cells and normal extraembryonic membranes. 
  • High-Resolution Expression Map of the Arabidopsis Root Reveals Alternative Splicing and lincRNA Regulation. 
  • Histochemical analyses of altered fetal lung development following single vs multiple courses of antenatal steroids. 
  • Homer modulates NFAT-dependent signaling during muscle differentiation. 
  • Hormonal control of oviduct growth and differentiation. 
  • Hormonal regulation of a chicken oviduct messenger ribonucleic acid that shares a common domain with gizzard myosin light chain kinase. 
  • Host controls of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody development. 
  • Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Labeled with Plasmonic Gold Nanostars for Cellular Tracking and Photothermal Cancer Cell Ablation. 
  • Human T cell antigen expression during the early stages of fetal thymic maturation. 
  • Human T lymphocyte antigens as defined by monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Human antigen-specific memory T cells express the homing receptor (LAM-1) necessary for lymphocyte recirculation. 
  • Human dendritic cells transfected with RNA encoding prostate-specific antigen stimulate prostate-specific CTL responses in vitro. 
  • Human lung stem cells: has the future arrived? 
  • Human lymphocyte differentiation antigens HB-10 and HB-11. I. Ontogeny of antigen expression. 
  • Human lymphocyte differentiation antigens HB-10 and HB-11. II. Differential production of B cell growth and differentiation factors by distinct helper T cell subpopulations. 
  • Human neural stem cell transplants improve motor function in a rat model of Huntington's disease. 
  • Human papillomavirus type 16 infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in never-smokers: a matched pair analysis. 
  • Human pluripotent stem cells decouple respiration from energy production. 
  • Human postnatal CD4- CD8- CD3- thymic T cell precursors differentiate in vitro into T cell receptor delta-bearing cells. 
  • Human thymic epithelial cells directly induce activation of autologous immature thymocytes. 
  • Human thymic epithelial cells produce granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factors. 
  • Human thymic epithelium and T cell development: current issues and future directions. 
  • Human umbilical cord blood endothelial progenitor cells decrease vein graft neointimal hyperplasia in SCID mice. 
  • Hydrogels as carriers for stem cell transplantation. 
  • Hydroxytyrosol, a natural molecule occurring in olive oil, induces cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis. 
  • IL-1R type I-dependent hemopoietic stem cell proliferation is necessary for inflammatory granulopoiesis and reactive neutrophilia. 
  • IL-27 Facilitates Skin Wound Healing through Induction of Epidermal Proliferation and Host Defense. 
  • IL-4 induces differentiation and expansion of Th2 cytokine-producing eosinophils. 
  • IL-6/STAT3 promotes regeneration of airway ciliated cells from basal stem cells. 
  • IRGM3 contributes to immunopathology and is required for differentiation of antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells in experimental cerebral malaria. 
  • Id1 and Id3 are required for neurogenesis, angiogenesis and vascularization of tumour xenografts. 
  • Id3 restricts the developmental potential of gamma delta lineage during thymopoiesis. 
  • Identification and Ultrastructural Characterization of a Novel Nuclear Degradation Complex in Differentiating Lens Fiber Cells. 
  • Identification of a novel epigenetic regulatory region within the pluripotency associated microRNA cluster, EEmiRC. 
  • Identification of a tissue-specific, C/EBPβ-dependent pathway of differentiation for murine peritoneal macrophages. 
  • Identification of liver cancer-specific aptamers using whole live cells. 
  • Identification of subpopulations of mononuclear cells in cutaneous infiltrates. I. Differentiation between B cells, T cells, and histiocytes. 
  • IgG-Immune Complexes Promote B Cell Memory by Inducing BAFF. 
  • Ihh controls cartilage development by antagonizing Gli3, but requires additional effectors to regulate osteoblast and vascular development. 
  • Immature human thymocytes can be driven to differentiate into nonlymphoid lineages by cytokines from thymic epithelial cells. 
  • Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement and expression in human lymphoid leukemia cells at different stages of maturation. 
  • Immunohistochemical survey of p16INK4A expression in normal human adult and infant tissues. 
  • Impact of fetal nicotine exposure on development of rat brain regions: critical sensitive periods or effects of withdrawal? 
  • Impaired development of cerebellar cortex in rats treated postnatally with alpha-difluoromethylornithine. 
  • Impaired immune responses and B-cell proliferation in mice lacking the Id3 gene. 
  • Implantation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells preserves function of infarcted murine hearts. 
  • Improved efficacy of stem cell labeling for magnetic resonance imaging studies by the use of cationic liposomes. 
  • In situ imaging in C. elegans reveals developmental regulation of microtubule dynamics. 
  • In vitro and in vivo osteoblastic differentiation of BMP-2- and Runx2-engineered skeletal myoblasts. 
  • In vitro growth and phenotypic characterization of mesodermal-derived and epithelial components of normal and abnormal human thymus. 
  • In vitro survival and differentiation of neurons derived from epidermal growth factor-responsive postnatal hippocampal stem cells: inducing effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 
  • In vitro synthesis of laminin and entactin polypeptides. 
  • In vivo commitment and functional tissue regeneration using human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal cells. 
  • In vivo comparison of biomineralized scaffold-directed osteogenic differentiation of human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • In vivo differentiation potential of tracheal basal cells: evidence for multipotent and unipotent subpopulations. 
  • Increased CDC20 expression is associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma differentiation and progression. 
  • Increased susceptibility of Trpv4-deficient mice to obesity and obesity-induced osteoarthritis with very high-fat diet. 
  • Increasing the intracellular Na+ concentration induces differentiation in a pre-B lymphocyte cell line. 
  • Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors differentiate to cardiomyocytes and form biosynthetic tissues. 
  • Induction and spontaneous regression of intense pulmonary neuroendocrine cell differentiation in a model of preneoplastic lung injury. 
  • Induction of neuronal morphology in adrenal chromaffin cells cocultured with denervated Schwann cells. 
  • Induction of selective biological responses to chemoattractants in a human monocyte-like cell line. 
  • Influence of threonine metabolism on S-adenosylmethionine and histone methylation. 
  • Inhibition of Bmp signaling affects growth and differentiation in the anagen hair follicle. 
  • Inhibition of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 stimulates osteoblast formation and inhibits osteoclast differentiation. 
  • Inhibition of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced cytokines mRNA production in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 
  • Inhibition of NF-kappa B and oxidative pathways in human dendritic cells by antioxidative vitamins generates regulatory T cells. 
  • Inhibition of Wnt6 by Sfrp2 regulates adult cardiac progenitor cell differentiation by differential modulation of Wnt pathways. 
  • Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and retinoid signaling induces the expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells. 
  • Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase expands hematopoietic stem cells with radioprotective capacity. 
  • Inhibition of fetal thymic caspases abrogates the consequences of adenosine deaminase deficiency. 
  • Inhibition of notch signaling induces neural differentiation in Ewing sarcoma. 
  • Inhibition of the Notch-Hey1 axis blocks embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis. 
  • Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in HL-60 leukemia cells by pentoxifylline and dexamethasone: dissociation of acivicin-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression from acivicin-induced monocytoid differentiation. 
  • Inhibitors of histone deacetylases promote hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. 
  • Inhibitors of metalloendoproteases block spiculogenesis in sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells. 
  • Injection of immature dendritic cells into adjuvant-treated skin obviates the need for ex vivo maturation. 
  • Injury induces direct lineage segregation of functionally distinct airway basal stem/progenitor cell subpopulations. 
  • Innate immune response to adenoviral vectors is mediated by both Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. 
  • Insulin-like growth factor 1 mitigates hematopoietic toxicity after lethal total body irradiation. 
  • Integrin beta 1 regulates phagosome maturation in macrophages through Rac expression. 
  • Integrin functions play a key role in the differentiation of thymocytes in vivo. 
  • Interaction of estrogen receptor alpha with protein kinase C alpha and c-Src in osteoblasts during differentiation. 
  • Interactions between hormones and growth factors in the regulation of granulosa cell differentiation in vitro. 
  • Intercellular movement of the putative transcription factor SHR in root patterning. 
  • Interferon regulatory factors are transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis. 
  • Interleukin-7 receptor alpha is essential for the development of gamma delta + T cells, but not natural killer cells. 
  • Intra-articular delivery of purified mesenchymal stem cells from C57BL/6 or MRL/MpJ superhealer mice prevents posttraumatic arthritis. 
  • Intracardiac transplantation of a mixed population of bone marrow cells improves both regional systolic contractility and diastolic relaxation. 
  • Intracellular trafficking of Brucella abortus in J774 macrophages. 
  • Intrinsic IL-21 signaling is critical for CD8 T cell survival and memory formation in response to vaccinia viral infection. 
  • Invasive Cell Fate Requires G1 Cell-Cycle Arrest and Histone Deacetylase-Mediated Changes in Gene Expression. 
  • Ion fluxes and differentiation in transformed cell lines. 
  • Iron increases expression of iron-export protein MTP1 in lung cells. 
  • Is oxidative stress involved in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos? 
  • Isolation and expansion of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from cryopreserved human umbilical cord blood. 
  • Isolation and generation of human dendritic cells. 
  • Isolation and transplantation of autologous circulating endothelial cells into denuded vessels and prosthetic grafts: implications for cell-based vascular therapy. 
  • Isolation of cDNA clones for basal lamina components: type IV procollagen. 
  • Isolation of oligodendrocyte-like cells from human umbilical cord blood. 
  • KDM1 class flavin-dependent protein lysine demethylases. 
  • Kappa editing rescues autoreactive B cells destined for deletion in mice transgenic for a dual specific anti-laminin Ig. 
  • Katanin p60-like1 promotes microtubule growth and terminal dendrite stability in the larval class IV sensory neurons of Drosophila. 
  • Knock-in mutation of the distal four tyrosines of linker for activation of T cells blocks murine T cell development. 
  • Knockdown of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 enhances cartilage formation by induced pluripotent stem cells. 
  • LIM homeobox gene-dependent expression of biogenic amine receptors in restricted regions of the C. elegans nervous system. 
  • Lack of correlation between induction of chemotactic peptide receptors and stimulus-induced actin polymerization in HL-60 cells treated with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate or retinoic acid. 
  • Left-Biased Spermatogenic Failure in 129/SvJ Dnd1Ter/+ Mice Correlates with Differences in Vascular Architecture, Oxygen Availability, and Metabolites. 
  • Leptin directly promotes T-cell glycolytic metabolism to drive effector T-cell differentiation in a mouse model of autoimmunity. 
  • Leptin promotes the myofibroblastic phenotype in hepatic stellate cells by activating the hedgehog pathway. 
  • Lesion-induced plasticity of high affinity choline uptake in the developing rat fascia dentata. 
  • Leukotriene C4 induces migration of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells without loss of immunostimulatory function. 
  • Life and death in germinal centers (redux). 
  • Ligament versus bone cell identity in the zebrafish hyoid skeleton is regulated by mef2ca. 
  • Lipopolysaccharide and phorbol esters induce differentiation but have opposite effects on phosphatidylinositol turnover and Ca2+ mobilization in 70Z/3 pre-B lymphocytes. 
  • Local renin angiotensin expression regulates human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to adipocytes. 
  • Lrp4 regulates initiation of ureteric budding and is crucial for kidney formation--a mouse model for Cenani-Lenz syndrome. 
  • Lupus-specific antiribonucleoprotein B cell tolerance in nonautoimmune mice is maintained by differentiation to B-1 and governed by B cell receptor signaling thresholds. 
  • Lymphocyte accumulation in the spleen of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma-deficient mice. 
  • Lymphocyte development and function in the absence of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha. 
  • Lymphocyte development and selection in germinal centers. 
  • Lymphocyte phenotypes in wild-caught rats suggest potential mechanisms underlying increased immune sensitivity in post-industrial environments. 
  • Lymphocyte selection by starvation: glucose metabolism and cell death. 
  • MEKK3 is essential for lymphopenia-induced T cell proliferation and survival. 
  • MYB36 regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the Arabidopsis root. 
  • Macrophages promote osteoblastic differentiation in-vivo: implications in fracture repair and bone homeostasis. 
  • Maintenance of T cell specification and differentiation requires recurrent notch receptor-ligand interactions. 
  • Manipulation of OCT4 levels in human embryonic stem cells results in induction of differential cell types. 
  • Marked induction of the helix-loop-helix protein Id3 promotes the gammadelta T cell fate and renders their functional maturation Notch independent. 
  • Matched and mismatched metabolic fuels in lymphocyte function. 
  • Maternal microchimerism in Hirschsprung's disease. 
  • Mechanism of differentiation of human erythroleukaemic cell line K562 by hemin. 
  • Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 is critical for invariant natural killer T-cell development and effector function. 
  • Mechano-growth factor peptide, the COOH terminus of unprocessed insulin-like growth factor 1, has no apparent effect on myoblasts or primary muscle stem cells. 
  • Melanoma-derived conditioned media efficiently induce the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages that display a highly invasive gene signature. 
  • Membrane action of DMSO and other chemical inducers of Friend leukaemic cell differentiation. 
  • Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and roles in regenerative medicine. 
  • Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into renin-producing juxtaglomerular (JG)-like cells under the control of liver X receptor-alpha. 
  • Mesenchymal stem cells in renal function recovery after acute kidney injury: use of a differentiating agent in a rat model. 
  • Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Akt dramatically repair infarcted myocardium and improve cardiac function despite infrequent cellular fusion or differentiation. 
  • Mesenchymal stem cells stimulate protective genetic reprogramming of injured cardiac ventricular myocytes. 
  • Mesonephric cell migration induces testis cord formation and Sertoli cell differentiation in the mammalian gonad. 
  • Metabolic pathways in T cell fate and function. 
  • Metabolic programming and PDHK1 control CD4+ T cell subsets and inflammation. 
  • Methionine metabolism is essential for SIRT1-regulated mouse embryonic stem cell maintenance and embryonic development. 
  • MiRNA-128 regulates the proliferation and neurogenesis of neural precursors by targeting PCM1 in the developing cortex. 
  • MicroRNA-31 negatively regulates peripherally derived regulatory T-cell generation by repressing retinoic acid-inducible protein 3. 
  • MicroRNAs in skin tissue engineering. 
  • Microtubule organization, dynamics and functions in differentiated cells. 
  • Mineralized gelatin methacrylate-based matrices induce osteogenic differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. 
  • Mineralized synthetic matrices as an instructive microenvironment for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • Minimal requirement of tyrosine residues of linker for activation of T cells in TCR signaling and thymocyte development. 
  • Minireview: Nuclear receptors, hematopoiesis, and stem cells. 
  • Mixed signals: development of the testis. 
  • Mobilization of dendritic cells from patients with breast cancer into peripheral blood stem cell leukapheresis samples using Flt-3-Ligand and G-CSF or GM-CSF. 
  • Modeling deterministic effects in hematopoietic system caused by chronic exposure to ionizing radiation in large human cohorts. 
  • Modeling the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos in vitro: macromolecule synthesis in PC12 cells. 
  • Modeling the developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine in vitro: cell acquisition, growth and viability in PC12 cells. 
  • Modular utilization of distal cis-regulatory elements controls Ifng gene expression in T cells activated by distinct stimuli. 
  • Modulation of cell growth and differentiation by ceramide. 
  • Modulation of coreceptor transcription during positive selection dictates lineage fate independently of TCR/coreceptor specificity. 
  • Modulation of nitric oxide production in human macrophages by apolipoprotein-E and amyloid-beta peptide. 
  • Modulation of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression in a hamster model of chronic lung injury with varying degrees of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. 
  • Modulation of one of three murine bone marrow stromal cell lines to adipose cells by serum and insulin. 
  • Molecular Features Underlying Neurodegeneration Identified through In Vitro Modeling of Genetically Diverse Parkinson's Disease Patients. 
  • Molecular analysis of the SCARECROW gene in maize reveals a common basis for radial patterning in diverse meristems. 
  • Molecular control of steady-state dendritic cell maturation and immune homeostasis. 
  • Molecular dissection of the miR-17-92 cluster's critical dual roles in promoting Th1 responses and preventing inducible Treg differentiation. 
  • Molecular staging of epithelial maturation using secretory cell-specific genes as markers. 
  • Monoclonal antibodies to a human islet cell surface glycoprotein: 4F2 and LC7-2. 
  • Monoclonal antibodies to tissue-associated antigens as antitumor reagents. 
  • Monocytoid differentiation of freshly isolated human myeloid leukemia cells and HL-60 cells induced by the glutamine antagonist acivicin. 
  • Monolayer growth and differentiated function of porcine and rat granulosa cells following cryopreservation. 
  • Morphogenetic signals from chondrocytes promote chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • Morphology and ultrastructure of differentiating three-dimensional mammalian skeletal muscle in a collagen gel. 
  • Mouse CD20 expression and function. 
  • Mouse embryonic germ (EG) cell lines: transmission through the germline and differences in the methylation imprint of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r) gene compared with embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. 
  • Multilayered electrospun scaffolds for tendon tissue engineering. 
  • Multiple gamma c-dependent cytokines regulate T-cell development. 
  • Multiple stromal populations contribute to pulmonary fibrosis without evidence for epithelial to mesenchymal transition. 
  • Murine T lymphocytes incapable of producing macrophage inhibitory protein-1 are impaired in causing graft-versus-host disease across a class I but not class II major histocompatibility complex barrier. 
  • Murine low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP) is required for phagocytosis of targets bearing LRP ligands but is not required for C1q-triggered enhancement of phagocytosis. 
  • Mutant IDH1 Disrupts the Mouse Subventricular Zone and Alters Brain Tumor Progression. 
  • Mutant forms of growth factor-binding protein-2 reverse BCR-ABL-induced transformation. 
  • Mutations Preventing Regulated Exon Skipping in MET Cause Osteofibrous Dysplasia. 
  • Myoblast proliferation and differentiation on fibronectin-coated self assembled monolayers presenting different surface chemistries. 
  • Myocardium and BMP signaling are required for endocardial differentiation. 
  • Myocyte nuclear factor, a novel winged-helix transcription factor under both developmental and neural regulation in striated myocytes. 
  • Myogenic transcription factors regulate pro-metastatic miR-182. 
  • N-myc alters the fate of preneoplastic cells in a mouse model of medulloblastoma. 
  • NOTCH Signaling Regulates Asymmetric Cell Fate of Fast- and Slow-Cycling Colon Cancer-Initiating Cells. 
  • NOTCH-Mediated Maintenance and Expansion of Human Bone Marrow Stromal/Stem Cells: A Technology Designed for Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine. 
  • NOTCH1 regulates osteoclastogenesis directly in osteoclast precursors and indirectly via osteoblast lineage cells. 
  • NPAS1 regulates branching morphogenesis in embryonic lung. 
  • NUR who? An orphan transcription factor holds promise for monomaniacs. 
  • Nanoscale neuro-integrative coatings for neural implants. 
  • Natural IgM is produced by CD5- plasma cells that occupy a distinct survival niche in bone marrow. 
  • Negative regulation of lymphocyte activation by the adaptor protein LAX. 
  • Negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation by PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on chromosome 10). 
  • Neonatal W-mutant mice are favorable hosts for tracking development of marked hematopoietic stem cells. 
  • Neonatal hyperthyroidism causes premature development of baroreceptor-mediated cardiac sympathetic reflexes. 
  • Neurabin/protein phosphatase-1 complex regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis and maturation. 
  • Neurite outgrowth from progeny of epidermal growth factor-responsive hippocampal stem cells is significantly less robust than from fetal hippocampal cells following grafting onto organotypic hippocampal slice cultures: effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 
  • Neuroendocrine differentiation is an independent prognostic factor in chemotherapy-treated nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. 
  • Neurogenic differentiation of murine and human adipose-derived stromal cells. 
  • New approaches for studying and exploiting an old protuberance, the plant trichome. 
  • New insights into E-protein function in lymphocyte development. 
  • Nicotine is a developmental neurotoxicant and neuroprotectant: stage-selective inhibition of DNA synthesis coincident with shielding from effects of chlorpyrifos. 
  • Nitric oxide modulation of human leukemia cell differentiation and gene expression. 
  • Nitric oxide modulation of the growth and differentiation of freshly isolated acute non-lymphocytic leukemia cells. 
  • Normal human bone marrow precursors that express terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase include T-cell precursors and possible lymphoid stem cells. 
  • Notch signaling maintains Leydig progenitor cells in the mouse testis. 
  • Notch signaling maintains bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors by suppressing osteoblast differentiation. 
  • Notch-1 regulates pulmonary neuroendocrine cell differentiation in cell lines and in transgenic mice. 
  • Novel pathogenic variants in FOXP3 in fetuses with echogenic bowel and skin desquamation identified by ultrasound. 
  • Novel role for surfactant protein A in gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. 
  • Novel therapeutic approaches to advanced prostate cancer. 
  • Nuclear beta-catenin is required to specify vegetal cell fates in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Nuclear hormone receptor LXRα inhibits adipocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells with Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. 
  • Nuclear oncoprotein expression as a function of lineage, differentiation stage, and proliferative status of normal human hematopoietic cells. 
  • Numb antagonizes Notch signaling to specify sibling neuron cell fates. 
  • Numb regulates somatic cell lineage commitment during early gonadogenesis in mice. 
  • Obligatory role for cooperative signaling by pre-TCR and Notch during thymocyte differentiation. 
  • Oct4 RNA interference induces trophectoderm differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. 
  • Oncocytic differentiation in intrahepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma. 
  • Oncogene-dependent control of miRNA biogenesis and metastatic progression in a model of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. 
  • One tissue, two fates: molecular genetic events that underlie testis versus ovary development. 
  • Ontogeny of the color pattern on the wings of Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). 
  • Ontogeny of the human thymus during fetal development. 
  • Open chromatin defined by DNaseI and FAIRE identifies regulatory elements that shape cell-type identity. 
  • Opposing LSD1 complexes function in developmental gene activation and repression programmes. 
  • Optimization of vaccine responses with an E1, E2b and E3-deleted Ad5 vector circumvents pre-existing anti-vector immunity. 
  • Orbital fibroblast heterogeneity may determine the clinical presentation of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. 
  • Orchestration of invariant natural killer T cell development by E and Id proteins. 
  • Organization and cell differentiation in lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. 
  • Organophosphate exposure during a critical developmental stage reprograms adenylyl cyclase signaling in PC12 cells. 
  • Orphan nuclear receptors in T lymphocyte development. 
  • Osteoarthritic chondrocyte-secreted morphogens induce chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • Osteoclast differentiation and function in aquaglyceroporin AQP9-null mice. 
  • Out of Eden: stem cells and their niches. 
  • Outcomes in two Japanese adenosine deaminase-deficiency patients treated by stem cell gene therapy with no cytoreductive conditioning. 
  • Overexpression of annexin a1 induced by terephthalic acid calculi in rat bladder cancer. 
  • Overexpression of oncogenic STK15/BTAK/Aurora A kinase in human pancreatic cancer. 
  • Overexpression of wild-type retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) recapitulates retinoic acid-sensitive transformation of primary myeloid progenitors by acute promyelocytic leukemia RARalpha-fusion genes. 
  • Oxidative and excitatory mechanisms of developmental neurotoxicity: transcriptional profiles for chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dieldrin, and divalent nickel in PC12 cells. 
  • Oxidative stress activates anion exchange protein 2 and AP-1 in airway epithelial cells. 
  • Oxidative stress from diverse developmental neurotoxicants: antioxidants protect against lipid peroxidation without preventing cell loss. 
  • Ozone inhalation promotes CX3CR1-dependent maturation of resident lung macrophages that limit oxidative stress and inflammation. 
  • P311 induces a TGF-beta1-independent, nonfibrogenic myofibroblast phenotype. 
  • PAX3-FOXO1 fusion gene in rhabdomyosarcoma. 
  • PKA, PKC, and the protein phosphatase 2A influence HAND factor function: a mechanism for tissue-specific transcriptional regulation. 
  • PLP1 alternative splicing in differentiating oligodendrocytes: characterization of an exonic splicing enhancer. 
  • PTHrP regulates growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation in a Gli3 dependent manner utilizing hedgehog ligand dependent and independent mechanisms. 
  • Paired cloning of the T cell receptor alpha and beta genes from a single T cell without the establishment of a T cell clone. 
  • Paracrine mechanisms in adult stem cell signaling and therapy. 
  • Paracrine mechanisms of stem cell reparative and regenerative actions in the heart. 
  • Parent stem cells can serve as niches for their daughter cells. 
  • Pathologic quiz case: a 53-year-old man with chest pain and cough. Malignant (diffuse) pleural mesothelioma, biphasic variant, with heterologous differentiation. 
  • Patterns of microRNA expression characterize stages of human B-cell differentiation. 
  • Pax6- and Six3-mediated induction of lens cell fate in mouse and human ES cells. 
  • Pdgfr-alpha mediates testis cord organization and fetal Leydig cell development in the XY gonad. 
  • Peptide elongation factor eEF1A-2/S1 expression in cultured differentiated myotubes and its protective effect against caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. 
  • Permissive glycan support of photoreceptor outer segment assembly occurs via a non-metabolic mechanism. 
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha regulates fatty acid utilization in primary human skeletal muscle cells. 
  • Persistent expression of MNF identifies myogenic stem cells in postnatal muscles. 
  • Phagocytic cells synthesize 19-nor-10-keto-25-hydroxyvitamin D3, a metabolite that may induce differentiation of the human monoblastic cell line U937. 
  • Pharmacological manipulation of the RAR/RXR signaling pathway maintains the repopulating capacity of hematopoietic stem cells in culture. 
  • Pharmacologically targeting beta-catenin for NF1 associated deficiencies in fracture repair. 
  • Phenotypic and cell cycle properties of human oligodendrocytes in vitro. 
  • Phenotypic and functional characterization of human malignant T cells. 
  • Phenotypic characterization and ontogeny of components of the human thymic microenvironment. 
  • Phenylbutyrate and phenylacetate induce differentiation and inhibit proliferation of human medulloblastoma cells. 
  • Phenylbutyrate-induced G1 arrest and apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells: structure-function analysis. 
  • Pheromones stimulate mating and differentiation via paracrine and autocrine signaling in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Phorbol esters induce differentiation in a pre-B-lymphocyte cell line by enhancing Na+/H+ exchange. 
  • Phosphatase WIP1 regulates adult neurogenesis and WNT signaling during aging. 
  • Phospholipid membrane stabilization by dimethylsulfoxide and other inducers of Friend leukemic cell differentiation. 
  • Phosphorylation and calcium influx are not sufficient for the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in U937 cells: requirement for a Gi alpha-type G-protein. 
  • Physiological notch signaling maintains bone homeostasis via RBPjk and Hey upstream of NFATc1. 
  • Physiology of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle. 
  • Pigmented Lesions of the Nervous System and the Neural Crest: Lessons From Embryology. 
  • Pigmented hamartoma of the eyelid with apocrine, follicular and sebaceous differentiation. 
  • Plasticity of Hopx(+) type I alveolar cells to regenerate type II cells in the lung. 
  • Pleiotrophin regulates the ductular reaction by controlling the migration of cells in liver progenitor niches. 
  • Pleomorphic large cell sarcoma of the spleen with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. 
  • Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. 
  • Polyclonal B cell differentiation and loss of gastrointestinal tract germinal centers in the earliest stages of HIV-1 infection. 
  • Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene protect against the risk of head and neck cancer. 
  • Post-transcriptional regulation of MTA family by microRNAs in the context of cancer. 
  • Posttranslational regulation of TCR Valpha allelic exclusion during T cell differentiation. 
  • Precision cancer immunotherapy: optimizing dendritic cell-based strategies to induce tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses against individual patient tumors. 
  • Preclinical characterization of DUOC-01, a cell therapy product derived from banked umbilical cord blood for use as an adjuvant to umbilical cord blood transplantation for treatment of inherited metabolic diseases. 
  • Preconditioning Vaccine Sites for mRNA-Transfected Dendritic Cell Therapy and Antitumor Efficacy. 
  • Predicted and inferred waiting times for key mutations in the germinal centre reaction: evidence for stochasticity in selection. 
  • Preparation of peptide-loaded dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy. 
  • Prestress in the extracellular matrix sensitizes latent TGF-β1 for activation. 
  • Primary chondroid melanoma. 
  • Programming of brainstem serotonin transporter development by prenatal glucocorticoids. 
  • Prolactin receptor signaling is essential for perinatal brown adipocyte function: a role for insulin-like growth factor-2. 
  • Proliferation and differentiation defects during lung development in corticotropin-releasing hormone-deficient mice. 
  • Prolonged Mitosis of Neural Progenitors Alters Cell Fate in the Developing Brain. 
  • Promotion of the development of enteric neurons and glia by neuropoietic cytokines: interactions with neurotrophin-3. 
  • Pronounced thrombocytosis in transgenic mice expressing reduced levels of Mpl in platelets and terminally differentiated megakaryocytes. 
  • Prospective of Ras signaling in stem cells. 
  • Prostate epithelial cell of origin determines cancer differentiation state in an organoid transformation assay. 
  • Protein biosynthesis on chick oviduct polyribosomes. I. Changes during estrogen-mediated tissue differentiation. 
  • Protein biosynthesis on chick oviduct polyribosomes. II. Regulation by progesterone. 
  • Protein kinase C delta (PKCdelta) is required for protein tyrosine phosphatase mu (PTPmu)-dependent neurite outgrowth. 
  • Protein kinase C modulates estrogen receptors in differentiated osteoblastic cells in vitro. 
  • Protein markers and differentiation in culture for Schlemm's canal endothelial cells. 
  • Proteomic Analysis of Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells Exposed to the Respiratory Toxicant Diacetyl. 
  • Purified lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) activates human thymocytes via the CD2 pathway. 
  • Quantitative genetic variation in CD19 expression correlates with autoimmunity. 
  • Quantitative switch in integrin expression accompanies differentiation of F9 cells treated with retinoic acid. 
  • RB regulates transcription of the p21/WAF1/CIP1 gene. 
  • RBPjkappa-dependent Notch signaling regulates mesenchymal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation during skeletal development. 
  • Rap1 GTPase is required for mouse lens epithelial maintenance and morphogenesis. 
  • Rapid activation and down-regulation of protein kinase C alpha in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced differentiation of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. 
  • Rapid and Efficient Generation of Transgene-Free iPSC from a Small Volume of Cryopreserved Blood. 
  • Rare SOX2+ Airway Progenitor Cells Generate KRT5+ Cells that Repopulate Damaged Alveolar Parenchyma following Influenza Virus Infection. 
  • Ras controls melanocyte expansion during zebrafish fin stripe regeneration. 
  • Receptor signaling in immune cell development and function. 
  • Receptor-mediated monocytoid differentiation of human promyelocytic cells by tumor necrosis factor: synergistic actions with interferon-gamma and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 
  • Receptors that induce erythroid differentiation of Ba/F3 cells: structural requirements and effect on STAT5 binding. 
  • Reentry into the cell cycle of differentiated skeletal myocytes. 
  • Regeneration of Thyroid Function by Transplantation of Differentiated Pluripotent Stem Cells. 
  • Regeneration of amputated zebrafish fin rays from de novo osteoblasts. 
  • Regionally-specified second trimester fetal neural stem cells reveals differential neurogenic programming. 
  • Regulated expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK's) and beta-arrestins in osteoblasts. 
  • Regulated expression of p18, a major phosphoprotein of leukemic cells. 
  • Regulated heat shock protein 27 expression in human retinal pigment epithelium. 
  • Regulation of B lymphocyte development and activation by the CD19/CD21/CD81/Leu 13 complex requires the cytoplasmic domain of CD19. 
  • Regulation of B-cell development by BCAP and CD19 through their binding to phosphoinositide 3-kinase. 
  • Regulation of CD8+ T lymphocyte effector function and macrophage inflammatory cytokine production by retinoic acid receptor gamma. 
  • Regulation of E2A gene expression in B-lymphocyte development. 
  • Regulation of MEF2 by histone deacetylase 4- and SIRT1 deacetylase-mediated lysine modifications. 
  • Regulation of P311 expression by Met-hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and the ubiquitin/proteasome system. 
  • Regulation of Sertoli cell differentiation by the testicular paracrine factor PModS: analysis of common signal transduction pathways. 
  • Regulation of Sertoli cell differentiation by the testicular paracrine factor PModS: potential role of immediate-early genes. 
  • Regulation of Sertoli cell function and differentiation through the actions of a testicular paracrine factor P-Mod-S. 
  • Regulation of T cell receptor alpha gene assembly by a complex hierarchy of germline Jalpha promoters. 
  • Regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor function by selective estrogen receptor modulators. 
  • Regulation of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation by stress. 
  • Regulation of glioblastoma stem cells by retinoic acid: role for Notch pathway inhibition. 
  • Regulation of myeloid leukaemia by the cell-fate determinant Musashi. 
  • Regulation of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation in primary and immortalized cells from mouse olfactory epithelium. 
  • Regulation of neuronal axon specification by glia-neuron gap junctions in C. elegans. 
  • Regulation of protein kinase C in NG108-15 cell differentiation. 
  • Regulation of the TCRalpha repertoire by the survival window of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes. 
  • Regulators of pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified through multicopy suppressor analysis in ammonium permease mutant strains. 
  • Regulatory B10 cells differentiate into antibody-secreting cells after transient IL-10 production in vivo. 
  • Regulatory logic and pattern formation in the early sea urchin embryo. 
  • Reiterative roles for FGF signaling in the establishment of size and proportion of the zebrafish heart. 
  • Relationship of acivicin-induced monocytoid differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells to acivicin-induced modulation of growth factor, cytokine, and protooncogene mRNA expression. 
  • Relaxed negative selection in germinal centers and impaired affinity maturation in bcl-xL transgenic mice. 
  • Releasing the block: setting differentiation free with mutant IDH inhibitors. 
  • Remembrance of things past. 
  • Repair and regeneration of the respiratory system: complexity, plasticity, and mechanisms of lung stem cell function. 
  • Repression of B7.2 on self-reactive B cells is essential to prevent proliferation and allow Fas-mediated deletion by CD4(+) T cells. 
  • Requirement for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase type IV/Gr in setting the thymocyte selection threshold. 
  • Requirements for the kit receptor tyrosine kinase during regeneration of zebrafish fin melanocytes. 
  • Resveratrol arrests the cell division cycle at S/G2 phase transition. 
  • Retrograde neural circuit specification by target-derived neurotrophins and growth factors. 
  • Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into umbilical cord blood-derived megakaryocyte and platelet progenitors. 
  • Reversal of muscle differentiation during urodele limb regeneration. 
  • Reversibility of the mononucleate-to-multinucleate myogenic transition during amphibian limb regeneration. 
  • Reversible Reprogramming of Circulating Memory T Follicular Helper Cell Function during Chronic HIV Infection. 
  • Reversing adipocyte differentiation: implications for treatment of obesity. 
  • Rho GTPase activity modulates Wnt3a/beta-catenin signaling. 
  • Role for ETS domain transcription factors Pea3/Erm in mouse lung development. 
  • Role of C-C motif ligand 2 and C-C motif receptor 2 in murine pulmonary graft-versus-host disease after lipopolysaccharide inhalations. 
  • Role of interleukin 12 and costimulators in T cell anergy in vivo. 
  • Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase in osteoblast differentiation. 
  • Role of ornithine decarboxylase and the polyamines in nervous system development: a review. 
  • Role of transforming growth factor-beta in hematologic malignancies. 
  • Roles of adherent myogenic cells and dynamic culture in engineered muscle function and maintenance of satellite cells. 
  • Roles of exosomes in the normal and diseased eye. 
  • Root development: signaling down and around. 
  • Runx2/Cbfa1 stimulates transdifferentiation of primary skeletal myoblasts into a mineralizing osteoblastic phenotype. 
  • Runx2/Cbfa1-genetically engineered skeletal myoblasts mineralize collagen scaffolds in vitro. 
  • S-nitrosylating agents: a novel class of compounds that increase cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression and maturation in epithelial cells. 
  • SECTM1 produced by tumor cells attracts human monocytes via CD7-mediated activation of the PI3K pathway. 
  • SFRP2 regulates cardiomyogenic differentiation by inhibiting a positive transcriptional autofeedback loop of Wnt3a. 
  • SRY and the standoff in sex determination. 
  • STAT1 signaling in CD8 T cells is required for their clonal expansion and memory formation following viral infection in vivo. 
  • STIM1-Ca(2+) signaling is required for the hypertrophic growth of skeletal muscle in mice. 
  • Salt restriction leads to activation of adult renal mesenchymal stromal cell-like cells via prostaglandin E2 and E-prostanoid receptor 4. 
  • Scaffold-mediated lentiviral transduction for functional tissue engineering of cartilage. 
  • Selection of stem cells by using antibodies that target different CD34 epitopes yields different patterns of T-cell differentiation. 
  • Selective autophagy of the adaptor protein Bcl10 modulates T cell receptor activation of NF-κB. 
  • Selective neuronal cell attachment to a covalently patterned monoamine on fluorinated ethylene propylene films. 
  • Selective predisposition to bacterial infections in IRAK-4-deficient children: IRAK-4-dependent TLRs are otherwise redundant in protective immunity. 
  • Selenium Augments microRNA Directed Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Cardiomyocytes via Nanog. 
  • Self-tolerance checkpoints in B lymphocyte development. 
  • Senescent phenotypes and telomere lengths of peripheral blood T-cells mobilized by acute exercise in humans. 
  • Sensitivity of staurosporine-induced differentiated RGC-5 cells to homocysteine. 
  • Sequential delivery of maturation stimuli increases human dendritic cell IL-12 production and enhances tumor antigen-specific immunogenicity. 
  • Sequential roles of Hedgehog and Wnt signaling in osteoblast development. 
  • Sertoli cells of the mouse testis originate from the coelomic epithelium. 
  • Serum withdrawal induces apoptotic cell death in Ki-ras transformed but not in normal differentiated thyroid cells. 
  • Sexual development of the soma in the mouse. 
  • ShcA regulates thymocyte proliferation through specific transcription factors and a c-Abl-dependent signaling axis. 
  • Signaling in and out: control of cell division and differentiation in the shoot and root. 
  • Signaling pathways mediating beta3-adrenergic receptor-induced production of interleukin-6 in adipocytes. 
  • Signals that regulate stem cell activity during plant development. 
  • Silver impairs neurodevelopment: studies in PC12 cells. 
  • Silver nanoparticles compromise neurodevelopment in PC12 cells: critical contributions of silver ion, particle size, coating, and composition. 
  • Simultaneous proteomic profiling of four different growth states of human fibroblasts, using amine-reactive isobaric tagging reagents and tandem mass spectrometry. 
  • Single-molecule analysis of myocyte differentiation reveals bimodal lineage commitment. 
  • Site-specific monoubiquitination activates Ras by impeding GTPase-activating protein function. 
  • Ski inhibits TGF-β/phospho-Smad3 signaling and accelerates hypertrophic differentiation in chondrocytes. 
  • Small molecule-driven direct conversion of human pluripotent stem cells into functional osteoblasts. 
  • Snare protein expression and adenoviral transfection of amphicrine AR42J. 
  • Sonic hedgehog from pharyngeal arch 1 epithelium is necessary for early mandibular arch cell survival and later cartilage condensation differentiation. 
  • Sources of human and murine hematopoietic stem cells. 
  • Spatial coordination between stem cell activity and cell differentiation in the root meristem. 
  • Specific role for protein kinase C beta in cell differentiation. 
  • Specification of chondrocytes and cartilage tissues from embryonic stem cells. 
  • Specificity and function of "natural" antibodies in immunodeficient subjects: clues to B cell lineage and development. 
  • Spermatogonial depletion in adult Pin1-deficient mice. 
  • Spindle cell sarcoma of the vulva with myofibroblastic differentiation. 
  • Split tolerance in peripheral B cell subsets in mice expressing a low level of Igkappa-reactive ligand. 
  • Stability of Th1 and Th2 populations. 
  • Stage-specific and differential notch dependency at the alphabeta and gammadelta T lineage bifurcation. 
  • Stage-specific functions of E-proteins at the β-selection and T-cell receptor checkpoints during thymocyte development. 
  • Statin expression associated with terminally differentiating and postreplicative lens epithelial cells. 
  • Status of activation of circulating vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells. 
  • Stem Cell Therapy for Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review. 
  • Stem cell differentiation indicated by noninvasive photonic characterization and fractal analysis of subcellular architecture. 
  • Stem cell research goes underground: the RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED gene in root development. 
  • Stem cells for the ischaemic heart. 
  • Stem cells of the adult lung: their development and role in homeostasis, regeneration, and disease. 
  • Stem cells: A tale of two kingdoms. 
  • Stringent comparative sequence analysis reveals SOX10 as a putative inhibitor of glial cell differentiation. 
  • Stromal cell independent B cell development in vitro: generation and recovery of autoreactive clones. 
  • Stromal heparan sulfate differentiates neuroblasts to suppress neuroblastoma growth. 
  • Stromal-epithelial crosstalk regulates kidney progenitor cell differentiation. 
  • Studies of the humoral immune response. 
  • Sublethal Total Body Irradiation Causes Long-Term Deficits in Thymus Function by Reducing Lymphoid Progenitors. 
  • Substrate Stiffness Controls Osteoblastic and Chondrocytic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells without Exogenous Stimuli. 
  • Suppressor of fused (Sufu) mediates the effect of parathyroid hormone-like hormone (Pthlh) on chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate. 
  • Surfactant protein-A inhibits mycoplasma-induced dendritic cell maturation through regulation of HMGB-1 cytokine activity. 
  • Sustained release of BMP-2 in a lipid-based microtube vehicle. 
  • Switching of α-Catenin From Epithelial to Neuronal Type During Lens Epithelial Cell Differentiation. 
  • Symmetry breaking and the establishment of cell polarity in budding yeast. 
  • Synergistic actions of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in vascularizing bioengineered tissues. 
  • Synergistic control of T cell development and tumor suppression by diacylglycerol kinase alpha and zeta. 
  • Synergistic effect of insulin and follicle-stimulating hormone on biochemical and morphological differentiation of porcine granulosa cells in vitro. 
  • Syntaxin 1A is transiently expressed in fetal lung mesenchymal cells: potential developmental roles. 
  • Synthesis and secretion of von Willebrand factor and fibronectin in megakaryocytes at different phases of maturation. 
  • Synthetic lethal analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans posterior embryonic patterning genes identifies conserved genetic interactions. 
  • Systematic optimization of an engineered hydrogel allows for selective control of human neural stem cell survival and differentiation after transplantation in the stroke brain. 
  • T cell development: better living through chromatin. 
  • T cell immunity in neonates. 
  • T cell receptor (TCR) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling converge on DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase to control forkhead box protein 3 (foxp3) locus methylation and inducible regulatory T cell differentiation. 
  • T cell repertoire development in humans with SCID after nonablative allogeneic marrow transplantation. 
  • T cell-mediated elimination of B7.2 transgenic B cells. 
  • T helper cell effector fates--who, how and where? 
  • T-bet-dependent expression of osteopontin contributes to T cell polarization. 
  • T-cell receptor α enhancer is inactivated in αβ T lymphocytes. 
  • T-cell-receptor affinity and thymocyte positive selection. 
  • TAK1 regulates cartilage and joint development via the MAPK and BMP signaling pathways. 
  • TBX3 Directs Cell-Fate Decision toward Mesendoderm. 
  • TMPRSS2-ERG fusion, a common genomic alteration in prostate cancer activates C-MYC and abrogates prostate epithelial differentiation. 
  • TNF-α induces phenotypic modulation in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells: implications for cerebral aneurysm pathology. 
  • Targeted disruption of Müller cell metabolism induces photoreceptor dysmorphogenesis. 
  • Targeting CD4 coreceptor expression to postselection thymocytes reveals that CD4/CD8 lineage choice is neither error-prone nor stochastic. 
  • Targeting of neurotrophic factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in the developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates in vivo and in vitro. 
  • Telomere dysfunction causes alveolar stem cell failure. 
  • Temperature-sensitive mRNA degradation is an early event in hepatocyte de-differentiation. 
  • Temporal differences in granulosa cell specification in the ovary reflect distinct follicle fates in mice. 
  • Temporal transcriptional profiling of somatic and germ cells reveals biased lineage priming of sexual fate in the fetal mouse gonad. 
  • Terminal differentiation-dependent alteration in the expression of translation elongation factor-1 alpha and its sister gene, S1, in neurons. 
  • Testicular teratomas: an intersection of pluripotency, differentiation and cancer biology. 
  • Th17 cells are long lived and retain a stem cell-like molecular signature. 
  • Th2 cells: orchestrating barrier immunity. 
  • The "dispensable" portion of RAG2 is necessary for efficient V-to-DJ rearrangement during B and T cell development. 
  • The B cell surface molecule B1 is functionally linked with B cell activation and differentiation. 
  • The CD19 signal transduction molecule is a response regulator of B-lymphocyte differentiation. 
  • The CUL7/F-box and WD repeat domain containing 8 (CUL7/Fbxw8) ubiquitin ligase promotes degradation of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1. 
  • The DNA damage- and transcription-associated protein paxip1 controls thymocyte development and emigration. 
  • The Diacetyl-Exposed Human Airway Epithelial Secretome: New Insights into Flavoring-Induced Airways Disease. 
  • The G protein-coupled receptor gpr1 is a nutrient sensor that regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • The Galpha protein Gpa2 controls yeast differentiation by interacting with kelch repeat proteins that mimic Gbeta subunits. 
  • The NOTCH1/SNAIL1/MEF2C Pathway Regulates Growth and Self-Renewal in Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma. 
  • The SHORT-ROOT gene controls radial patterning of the Arabidopsis root through radial signaling. 
  • The TOR signal transduction cascade controls cellular differentiation in response to nutrients. 
  • The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 promotes T lymphocyte survival at multiple stages. 
  • The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL is dispensable for the development of effector and memory T lymphocytes. 
  • The beta-adrenergic receptors and the control of adipose tissue metabolism and thermogenesis. 
  • The common gamma-chain of cytokine receptors regulates intrathymic T cell development at multiple stages. 
  • The cxc chemokine cCAF stimulates differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and accelerates wound closure. 
  • The cytoskeletal regulatory scaffold protein GIT2 modulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and osteoblastogenesis. 
  • The dependence of MG63 osteoblast responses to (meth)acrylate-based networks on chemical structure and stiffness. 
  • The development and function of regulatory B cells expressing IL-10 (B10 cells) requires antigen receptor diversity and TLR signals. 
  • The differentiation process of intestinal epithelial cells is associated with the appearance of statin, a non-proliferation-specific nuclear protein. 
  • The disappearance of a cyclin-like protein and the appearance of statin is correlated with the onset of differentiation during myogenesis in vitro. 
  • The distal cytoplasmic domain of the erythropoietin receptor induces granulocytic differentiation in 32D cells. 
  • The dynamics of bone marrow stromal cells in the proliferation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors by substance P: an understanding of the effects of a neurotransmitter on the differentiating hematopoietic stem cell. 
  • The effect of Bacopa monnieri on gene expression levels in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. 
  • The effect of anti-VEGF therapy on immature myeloid cell and dendritic cells in cancer patients. 
  • The effect of plating density on granulosa cell growth and differentiation in vitro. 
  • The effect of transforming growth factor-beta on follicle-stimulating hormone-induced differentiation of cultured rat granulosa cells. 
  • The essential role of L-glutamine in lymphocyte differentiation in vitro. 
  • The essential role of LAT in thymocyte development during transition from the double-positive to single-positive stage. 
  • The fate of effector CD8 T cells in vivo is controlled by the duration of antigen stimulation. 
  • The forkhead/winged helix gene Mf1 is disrupted in the pleiotropic mouse mutation congenital hydrocephalus. 
  • The function of multiple IkappaB : NF-kappaB complexes in the resistance of cancer cells to Taxol-induced apoptosis. 
  • The gene SCL is expressed during early hematopoiesis and encodes a differentiation-related DNA-binding motif. 
  • The gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein 8B is required for the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in the mouse. 
  • The helix-loop-helix gene E2A is required for B cell formation. 
  • The high-grade (WHO G3) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor category is morphologically and biologically heterogenous and includes both well differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. 
  • The high-production volume fungicide pyraclostrobin induces triglyceride accumulation associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotes adipocyte differentiation independent of PPARγ activation, in 3T3-L1 cells. 
  • The homeodomain protein PAL-1 specifies a lineage-specific regulatory network in the C. elegans embryo. 
  • The human thymic microenvironment. 
  • The human thymic microenvironment: thymic epithelium contains specific keratins associated with early and late stages of epidermal keratinocyte maturation. 
  • The immunological axis in heart failure: importance of the leukocyte differential. 
  • The importance of Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons sterile-alpha motif domain in thymic selection and T-cell activation. 
  • The inhibition of differentiation caused by TGFbeta in fetal myoblasts is dependent upon selective expression of PKCtheta: a possible molecular basis for myoblast diversification during limb histogenesis. 
  • The liver kinase B1 is a central regulator of T cell development, activation, and metabolism. 
  • The loss of Smad3 results in a lower rate of bone formation and osteopenia through dysregulation of osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis. 
  • The modular nature of histone deacetylase HDAC4 confers phosphorylation-dependent intracellular trafficking. 
  • The need for standardized pathologic staging of pancreaticoduodenectomy specimens. 
  • The neural crest in cardiac congenital anomalies. 
  • The noradrenergic system in cultured aggregates of fetal rat brain cells: morphology of the aggregates and pharmacological indices of noradrenergic neurons. 
  • The nucleic acid scavenger polyamidoamine third-generation dendrimer inhibits fibroblast activation and granulation tissue contraction. 
  • The oxysterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol, links cholesterol metabolism to bone homeostasis through its actions on the estrogen and liver X receptors. 
  • The polyphony of BACH2. 
  • The potential of human allogeneic juvenile chondrocytes for restoration of articular cartilage. 
  • The prolyl isomerase Pin1 modulates development of CD8+ cDC in mice. 
  • The relationship of expression of statin, the nuclear protein of nonproliferating cells, to the differentiation and cell cycle of astroglia in cultures and in situ. 
  • The requirement of linker for activation of T cells in the primary and memory responses of CD8 T cells. 
  • The requirements for CTL-mediated rejection of cancer in humans: NKG2D and its role in the immune responsiveness of melanoma. 
  • The role of IL-13 in the generation of dendritic cells in vitro. 
  • The role of IL12 in helper T-cell differentiation. 
  • The role of LAT-PLCγ1 interaction in γδ T cell development and homeostasis. 
  • The role of biomaterials in stem cell differentiation: applications in the musculoskeletal system. 
  • The role of cell differentiation state and HMG-I/Y in the expression of transgenes flanked by matrix attachment regions. 
  • The role of extracellular matrix elasticity and composition in regulating the nucleus pulposus cell phenotype in the intervertebral disc: a narrative review. 
  • The role of functionally distinct helper T lymphocyte subpopulations in the induction of human B cell differentiation. 
  • The role of ion fluxes in hematopoietic cell differentiation. 
  • The role of orphan nuclear receptor in thymocyte differentiation and lymphoid organ development. 
  • The role of receptors for complement in the induction of polyclonal B-cell proliferation and differentiation. 
  • The role of the lens actin cytoskeleton in fiber cell elongation and differentiation. 
  • The role of the subependymal plate in avian sarcoma virus brain tumor induction: comparison of incipient tumors in neonatal and adult rats. 
  • The role of the thymic microenvironment in promotion of early stages of human T cell maturation. 
  • The segment polarity phenotype of Drosophila involves differential tendencies toward transformation and cell death. 
  • The specificity of retinotectal connections studied by retinal grafts onto the optic tectum in chick embryos. 
  • The stem cell niche in health and malignancy. 
  • The structure of mononuclear phagocytes differentiating in vivo. III. The effect of particulate foreign substances. 
  • The tetraspanin CD81 regulates the expression of CD19 during B cell development in a postendoplasmic reticulum compartment. 
  • The thymic microenvironment. Characterization of in vitro differentiation of the IT26R21 rat thymic epithelial cell line. 
  • The transcriptional repressor Bcl-6 directs T follicular helper cell lineage commitment. 
  • The type III transforming growth factor-β receptor inhibits proliferation, migration, and adhesion in human myeloma cells. 
  • The winged helix transcription factor MFH1 is required for proliferation and patterning of paraxial mesoderm in the mouse embryo. 
  • The winged-helix/forkhead protein myocyte nuclear factor beta (MNF-beta) forms a co-repressor complex with mammalian sin3B. 
  • Thymic microenvironment reconstitution after postnatal human thymus transplantation. 
  • Thymopoietic and bone marrow response to murine Pneumocystis pneumonia. 
  • Thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE): case report with cytomorphology and review of the literature. 
  • Tissue engraftment of hypoxic-preconditioned adipose-derived stem cells improves flap viability. 
  • To branch or not to branch: the role of pre-patterning in lateral root formation. 
  • Topical lineage-negative progenitor-cell therapy for diabetic wounds. 
  • Topoisomerase II levels during granulocytic maturation in vitro and in vivo. 
  • Tracking mesenchymal stromal cells using an ultra-bright TAT-functionalized plasmonic-active nanoplatform. 
  • Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor mediates parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in cultured transgenic murine osteoblasts. 
  • Transcription factors and hormones: new insights into plant cell differentiation. 
  • Transcription interruption may be a common mechanism of c-myc regulation during HL-60 differentiation. 
  • Transcriptional profile of the Arabidopsis root quiescent center. 
  • Transcriptional profiles for glutamate transporters reveal differences between organophosphates but similarities with unrelated neurotoxicants. 
  • Transcriptional regulation of ROS controls transition from proliferation to differentiation in the root. 
  • Transcriptional regulator Id2 is required for the CD4 T cell immune response in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • Transgenic mice as a model to study the role of TGF-beta-related molecules in hair follicles. 
  • Transient activation of beta -catenin signaling in cutaneous keratinocytes is sufficient to trigger the active growth phase of the hair cycle in mice. 
  • Truncation of Sp1 transcription factor by myeloblastin in undifferentiated HL60 cells. 
  • Tumor cell killing by phorbol ester--differentiated human leukemia cells. 
  • Tumor initiating cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas express high levels of CD44. 
  • Tumor necrosis factor induces neuroendocrine differentiation in small cell lung cancer cell lines. 
  • Tumor-associated macrophages: implications in cancer immunotherapy. 
  • Two and three-dimensional gene transfer from enzymatically degradable hydrogel scaffolds. 
  • Two distinct origins for Leydig cell progenitors in the fetal testis. 
  • Type 2 alveolar cells are stem cells in adult lung. 
  • Type I interferon induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21WAF1 is accompanied by ordered G1 arrest, differentiation and apoptosis of the Daudi B-cell line. 
  • Type III TGF-β receptor promotes FGF2-mediated neuronal differentiation in neuroblastoma. 
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation-independent regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated response by the transmembrane adaptor protein LAB. 
  • Ultraviolet photolysis of chlorpyrifos: developmental neurotoxicity modeled in PC12 cells. 
  • Uncovering Gene Regulatory Networks Controlling Plant Cell Differentiation. 
  • Unexpected positive control of NFκB and miR-155 by DGKα and ζ ensures effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. 
  • Up-regulation of UCP-2 gene expression by PPAR agonists in preadipose and adipose cells. 
  • Use of Hes1-GFP reporter mice to assess activity of the Hes1 promoter in bone cells under chronic inflammation. 
  • Utilization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane for in vitro growth of the embryonic murine kidney. 
  • VEGF inhibits T-cell development and may contribute to tumor-induced immune suppression. 
  • Vaccine-induced boosting of influenza virus-specific CD4 T cells in younger and aged humans. 
  • Visualization of IL-12/23p40 in vivo reveals immunostimulatory dendritic cell migrants that promote Th1 differentiation. 
  • WNT-LRP5 signaling induces Warburg effect through mTORC2 activation during osteoblast differentiation. 
  • WNT3A promotes myogenesis of human embryonic stem cells and enhances in vivo engraftment. 
  • Whole-epigenome analysis in multiple myeloma reveals DNA hypermethylation of B cell-specific enhancers. 
  • Whole-genome fingerprint of the DNA methylome during human B cell differentiation. 
  • Wnt Protein Signaling Reduces Nuclear Acetyl-CoA Levels to Suppress Gene Expression during Osteoblast Differentiation. 
  • Wnt signaling in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. 
  • X-linked genetic factors regulate hematopoietic stem-cell kinetics in females. 
  • Yeast pseudohyphal growth is regulated by GPA2, a G protein alpha homolog. 
  • Zebrafish kit mutation reveals primary and secondary regulation of melanocyte development during fin stripe regeneration. 
  • [125I]iodo-epidermal growth factor binding and mitotic responsiveness of porcine granulosa cells are modulated by differentiation and follicle-stimulating hormone. 
  • [IL-21 induces regulatory B cell differentiation and immunosuppressive effect through cognate interaction with T cells]. 
  • beta-Catenin is not necessary for maintenance or repair of the bronchiolar epithelium. 
  • c-Jun promotes whereas JunB inhibits epidermal neoplasia. 
  • hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization. 
  • iNKT cells require TSC1 for terminal maturation and effector lineage fate decisions. 
  • mTOR and its tight regulation for iNKT cell development and effector function. 
  • mTORC1 and mTORC2 Kinase Signaling and Glucose Metabolism Drive Follicular Helper T Cell Differentiation. 
  • mTORC1 in Thymic Epithelial Cells Is Critical for Thymopoiesis, T-Cell Generation, and Temporal Control of γδT17 Development and TCRγ/δ Recombination. 
  • mTORC2 in Thymic Epithelial Cells Controls Thymopoiesis and T Cell Development. 
  • miR-126 and miR-126* repress recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells and inflammatory monocytes to inhibit breast cancer metastasis. 
  • miR-17-92 cluster targets phosphatase and tensin homology and Ikaros Family Zinc Finger 4 to promote TH17-mediated inflammation. 
  • miR-181a is an intrinsic modulator of T cell sensitivity and selection. 
  • microRNA miR-144 modulates oxidative stress tolerance and associates with anemia severity in sickle cell disease. 
  • p53 Regulates Progenitor Cell Quiescence and Differentiation in the Airway. 
  • tcf21+ epicardial cells adopt non-myocardial fates during zebrafish heart development and regeneration. 
  • Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol treatment during human monocyte differentiation reduces macrophage susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. 
  • β-Catenin-SOX2 signaling regulates the fate of developing airway epithelium. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Aballay, Alejandro, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
  • Abbruzzese, James, D. C. I. Professor of Medical Oncology, Medicine, Medical Oncology
  • Allori, Alexander C, Assistant Professor of Surgery, Surgery, Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery
  • Barfield, Raymond Carlton, Professor of Pediatrics, Duke Science & Society
  • Bennett, Vann, George B. Geller Professor for Research in Molecular Biology in the School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Chen, Jun, Associate Professor of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Choi, Steven Sok, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology
  • Ciofani, Maria, Assistant Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Professor of Cell Biology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Freemark, Michael Scott, Robert C. Atkins, M.D. and Veronica Atkins Professor of Pediatrics, in the School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Endocrinology
  • Hilton, Matthew James, Associate Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, Cell Biology
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., George Barth Geller Professor, Cell Biology
  • Krangel, Michael S., Mary Bernheim Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Lee, Walter T, Associate Professor of Surgery, Radiation Oncology
  • Linardic, Corinne Mary, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
  • McCall, Shannon Jones, Associate Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Olson, Steven Arthur, Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedics
  • Preminger, Glenn Michael, James F. Glenn, M.D. Professor of Urology, Surgery
  • Reddy, Timothy E, Associate Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Biomedical Engineering
  • Shinohara, Mari L., Associate Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Sparks, Matthew A., Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Nephrology
  • Sunday, Mary Elizabeth Anne, Professor of Pathology, Cell Biology
  • Tsalik, Ephraim, Associate Professor of Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
  • Turner, Dennis Alan, Professor of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology
  • Velkey, John Matthew, Assistant Professor of the Practice of Medical Education in the Department of Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • Wax, Adam P., Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering
  • Wray, Gregory Allan, Professor of Biology, Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Yan, Hai, Henry S. Friedman Professor of Neuro-Oncology in the School of Medicine, Pathology
  • Zhong, Xiaoping, Professor of Pediatrics, Immunology