Chromatography, Gel

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Sephadex dialysis method of determining small molecule-macromolecule binding constants. 
  • A chemotactic factor for mononuclear leukocytes. 
  • A kinetic study of the binding of an ADP fluorescent analog to mitochondrial ATPase. 
  • A monoclonal IgM with antibodylike specificity for phospholipids in a patient with lymphoma. 
  • A neutrophil chemotatic factor derived from C'5 upon interaction of guinea pig serum with endotoxin. 
  • A novel N-acetylglucosaminidase from neonatal rat enterocytes. 
  • A simplified method for purification of human C5a from citrated plasma. 
  • A structural comparison of tryptic fragments of three types of intermediate filaments. 
  • ACTH-receptor interaction in the adrenal: a model for the initial step in the action of hormones that stimulate adenyl cyclase. 
  • Abnormal product of corneal explants from patients with macular corneal dystrophy. 
  • Activation of beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase by 2,4-dinitrophenol. 
  • Aggregation of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase. 
  • Agonist-induced increase in apparent beta-adrenergic receptor size. 
  • Amino acid structures of multiple forms of amyloid-related serum protein SAA from a single individual. 
  • An analysis of type-C retrovirus polypeptides and their associations in the virion. 
  • An equilibrium binding study of the interaction of aspartate transcarbamylase with cytidine 5'-triphosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. 
  • An improved method for the isolation of human serum retinol binding protein (S-RBP). 
  • Analysis of biological macromolecules and particles by field-flow fractionation. 
  • Antigen-presenting cell lines internalize peptide antigens via fluid-phase endocytosis. 
  • Application of a modified 203Hg binding assay for metallothionein. 
  • Assay of G-protein beta gamma-subunit complex by catalytic support of ADP-ribosylation of Go alpha. 
  • Assembly of microtubules from preformed, ring-shaped protofilaments and 6-S tubulin. 
  • Association of viral reverse transcriptase with an enzyme degrading the RNA moiety of RNA-DNA hybrids. 
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide increases urodilatin in the circulation. 
  • Bacteriophage T7 Deoxyribonucleic acid replication in vitro. A protein of Escherichia coli required for bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase activity. 
  • Binding kinetics of superantigen with TCR and MHC class II. 
  • Bioassay of plasma cholecystokinin in rats: effects of food, trypsin inhibitor, and alcohol. 
  • Biochemical and immunological properties of dog brain isorenin. 
  • Biochemical properties of oncornavirus polypeptides. 
  • Biological activity of complement in vivo. Role of C5 in the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammatory exudates. 
  • Both heptad repeats of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein are potent inhibitors of viral fusion. 
  • Bovine mitochondrial initiation and elongation factors. 
  • CCK-5: sequence analysis of a small cholecystokinin from canine brain and intestine. 
  • Calmodulin mediates Ca2+ sensitivity of sodium channels. 
  • Cathepsin B1. A lysosomal enzyme that degrades native collagen. 
  • Chaperone-like activity of alpha-crystallin. The effect of NADPH on its interaction with zeta-crystallin. 
  • Characterization and structure of the manganese-responsive transcriptional regulator ScaR. 
  • Characterization of Escherichia coli MoeB and its involvement in the activation of molybdopterin synthase for the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. 
  • Characterization of a B lymphoblastoid cell line mutant that secretes HLA-A2. 
  • Characterization of chemotactic activity produced in vivo by a cell-mediated immune reaction in the guinea pig. 
  • Characterization of molybdenum cofactor from Escherichia coli. 
  • Characterization of precipitating antibodies to ruminant serum and milk proteins in humans with selective IgA deficiency. 
  • Characterization of the CoA ligases of human liver mitochondria catalyzing the activation of short- and medium-chain fatty acids and xenobiotic carboxylic acids. 
  • Clearance and binding of native and defucosylated lactoferrin. 
  • Combined antibody-high-performance liquid chromatography approach to assess prohormone processing. 
  • Comparison of the intestinal and serum antibody response in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. 
  • Complement-mediated vasoconstriction and graft rejection. 
  • Comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography for the isolation of overexpressed proteins and proteome mapping. 
  • Control of phenylalanine hydroxylase synthesis in tissue culture by serum and insulin. 
  • Copper-chelatin: isolation from various eucaryotic sources. 
  • Corneal organ cultures in tyrosinemia release chemotactic factors. 
  • Crosstalk between bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction proteins and regulators of transcription of the Ntr regulon: evidence that nitrogen assimilation and chemotaxis are controlled by a common phosphotransfer mechanism. 
  • Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. 
  • Cytochemistry of sex steroid receptors: a critique. 
  • De novo design of a single-chain diphenylporphyrin metalloprotein. 
  • Depolarization of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) gingivalis 381 in the absence of respiratory burst activation. 
  • Depression of murine macrophage accumulation by low-molecular-weight derived from spontaneous mammary carcinomas. 
  • Development of a YIGSR-peptide-modified polyurethaneurea to enhance endothelialization. 
  • Development of a radioimmunoassay for fetal antigen 2. 
  • Dimer recognition and secretion by the ESX secretion system in Bacillus subtilis. 
  • Dimethylsphingosine and FTY720 inhibit the SK1 form but activate the SK2 form of sphingosine kinase from rat heart. 
  • Directed differentiation and neurite extension of mouse embryonic stem cell on aligned poly(lactide) nanofibers functionalized with YIGSR peptide. 
  • Dysregulation of proteoglycan production by intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells bearing defective (delta-f508) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. 
  • Effect of heme and non-heme ligands on subunit dissociation of normal and carboxypeptidase-digested hemoglobin. Gel filtration and flash photolysis studies. 
  • Effector mechanisms of cytolytically activated macrophages. II. Secretion of a cytolytic factor by activated macrophages and its relationship to secreted neutral proteases. 
  • Electron microscopy and hydrodynamic properties of factor XIII subunits. 
  • Electron microscopy studies of alpha 2-macroglobulin subunit association after limited reduction with dithiothreitol. 
  • Elucidation of a protease-sensitive site involved in the binding of calcium to C-reactive protein. 
  • Employing Rhodobacter sphaeroides to functionally express and purify human G protein-coupled receptors. 
  • Enzymatic joining of polynucleotides. XI. Reversal of Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid ligase reaction. 
  • Equilibrium binding of nucleotides to beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. 
  • Evidence for polymorphonuclear-leucocyte-derived proteinases in arthritic cartilage. 
  • Fat digestion in patients with bile acid malabsorption but minimal steatorrhea. 
  • Functional cooperation between topoisomerase I and single strand DNA-binding protein. 
  • Functional differences in the multiple hemocyanins of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus L. 
  • Functional properties of hemoglobin Pôrto Alegre (alpha2A beta2 9Ser leads to Cys) and the reactivity of its extra cysteinyl residue. 
  • Further characterization of a factor from endotoxin-treated serum which releases histamine and heparin from mast cells. 
  • GRP94/gp96 elicits ERK activation in murine macrophages. A role for endotoxin contamination in NF-kappa B activation and nitric oxide production. 
  • Glycine metabolism. I. Properties of the system catalyzing the exchange of bicarbonate with the carboxyl group of glycine in Peptococcus glycinophilus. 
  • Hemocyanin of the chambered nautilus: structure-function relationships. 
  • Hemoglobin of the electric Atlantic torpedo, Torpedo nobiliana: a cooperative hemoglobin without Bohr effects. 
  • Hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes in guinea pig serum deficient in the fourth component of complement. I. Antibody and serum requirements. 
  • Heterogeneity of somatostatin like immunoreactivity (SLI) in extracts of porcine, canine and human pancreas. 
  • Human leukemia antigens: partial isolation and characterization. 
  • Humoral mediators of chemotaxis of mononuclear leukocytes. 
  • Identification and initial characterization of translational initiation factor 2 from bovine mitochondria. 
  • Identification of a molybdopterin-containing molybdenum cofactor in xanthine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
  • Identification of monomeric alpha-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors in birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, and purification and characterization of a monomeric alpha-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitor from the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. 
  • Identification of peanut agglutinin and soybean trypsin inhibitor as minor legume allergens. 
  • Identification of the cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor protein: solubilization and purification by affinity chromatography. 
  • Identification of the ral and rac1 gene products, low molecular mass GTP-binding proteins from human platelets. 
  • Immunoaffinity chromatography of canine high-molecular-weight renin: partial purification and characterization. 
  • Immunological properties of avian oncornavirus polypeptides. 
  • Immunological studies on eluates from human renal allografts. 
  • In situ analysis of protein chromatography and column efficiency using magnetic resonance imaging. 
  • In vitro modulation of macrophage tumoricidal activity: partial characterization of a macrophage-activating factor(s) in supernatants of NaIO4-treated peritoneal cells. 
  • Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced fibroblast proliferation by plasmin-activated alpha 2-macroglobulin is mediated via an alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-dependent mechanism. 
  • Inhibition of purified p21ras farnesyl:protein transferase by Cys-AAX tetrapeptides. 
  • Inhibition of the complement cascade by the major secretory protein of vaccinia virus. 
  • Insulin activates a novel adipocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that shows rapid phasic kinetics and is distinct from c-Raf. 
  • Interacting fidelity defects in the replicative DNA polymerase of bacteriophage RB69. 
  • Intercellular relationships in the synthesis of macromolecules by organ cultures of corneas. 
  • Isolation and characterization of the Escherichia coli mutL gene product. 
  • Isolation and characterization of viridin, a new 65 kDa antifungal protein from the mould Trichoderma viride. 
  • Isolation and purification of cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) from goat mammary gland. 
  • Isolation and regulation of the protein kinase inhibitor and the calcium-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase regulator in the Sertoli cell-enriched testis. 
  • Isolation of proteins by gel filtration in 6M guanidinium chloride: application to RNA tumor viruses. 
  • Isolation of the 36-kD German (Blattella germanica) cockroach allergen using fast protein liquid chromatography. 
  • Isolation, purification and characterization of an iron-binding protein from the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus). 
  • Kinetic analysis of chemotactic factor generation in human serum via activation of the classical and alternate complement pathways. 
  • Length Specificity and Polymerization Mechanism of (1,3)-β-d-Glucan Synthase in Fungal Cell Wall Biosynthesis. 
  • Leukemic reticuloendotheliosis: presence of a receptor for cytophilic antibody. 
  • Lipoprotein (a): purification and kinetic analysis. 
  • Lipoprotein a inhibits streptokinase-mediated activation of human plasminogen. 
  • Localization of RNA tumor virus polypeptides. I. Isolation of further virus substructures. 
  • Macrophage accumulation in mice is inhibited by low molecular weight products from murine leukemia viruses. 
  • Mapping tertiary interactions in protein folding reactions: a novel mass spectrometry- and chemical synthesis-based approach. 
  • Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity in mammalian kidney. 
  • Mechanism of action of cholera toxin and the mobile receptor theory of hormone receptor-adenylate cyclase interactions. 
  • Mechanism of insulin incorporation into alpha 2-macroglobulin: implications for the study of peptide and growth factor binding. 
  • Mechanistic and mutational studies of Escherichia coli molybdopterin synthase clarify the final step of molybdopterin biosynthesis. 
  • Metabolomic profiling reveals a role for caspase-2 in lipoapoptosis. 
  • Microemulsions of cholesteryl oleate and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine: a model for cholesteryl ester rich very low density lipoproteins. 
  • Monomeric yeast frataxin is an iron-binding protein. 
  • Multiphasic effect of morphine on the release of substance P from rat trigeminal nucleus slices. 
  • Multiple chromatographic forms of the formylpeptide chemoattractant receptor and their relationship to GTP-binding proteins. 
  • NADPH-dependent oxygen reductase activity in pulmonary macrophages. 
  • Neutral proteinase of rabbit skin: an enzyme capable of degrading skin protein and inducing an inflammatory response. 
  • Norepinephrine: dissociation of -receptor binding from adenylate cyclase activation in solubilized myocardium. 
  • Nuclease activity in a fragment of bacteriophage T4 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase induced by the amber mutant am B22. 
  • Oligonucleotides produced by digestion of bakers' yeast serine transfer ribonucleic acid with specific nucleases. 
  • Overproduction of alpha chains provides a proton-insensitive component to the bluefish hemoglobin system. 
  • Partial purification of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase of skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) mitochondria. 
  • Physical and chemical properties of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase cross-linked with dimethyl suberimidate. 
  • Plasmid purification using high-performance gel filtration chromatography. 
  • Polymerization of hemoglobins of mouse and man: structural basis. 
  • Polypeptides of mammalian oncornaviruses. I. Isolation and serological analysis polypeptides from murine and feline C-type viruses. 
  • Polypeptides of mammalian oncornaviruses. II Characterization of murine leukemia virus polypeptide (p 15) bearing interspecies reactivity. 
  • Polyphosphoramidate gene carriers: effect of charge group on gene transfer efficiency. 
  • Preparation of high molecular weight invertebrate hemoglobins. 
  • Preparative solvent partition chromatography of butyrylated cyclic AMP analogues. 
  • Prespliceosome and spliceosome isolation and analysis. 
  • Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration (PRCD) Protein Requires N-Terminal S-Acylation and Rhodopsin Binding for Photoreceptor Outer Segment Localization and Maintaining Intracellular Stability. 
  • Protein analysis of monkey aqueous humor. 
  • Protein farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase share a common alpha subunit. 
  • Proteomic analysis of mitotic RNA polymerase II reveals novel interactors and association with proteins dysfunctional in disease. 
  • Purification and analysis of proteinase-resistant mutants of recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB exhibiting improved biological activity. 
  • Purification and characterisation of a cysteine proteinase secreted by Fasciola hepatica. 
  • Purification and characterization of a "half-molecule" alpha 2-macroglobulin from the southern grass frog: absence of binding to the mammalian alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor. 
  • Purification and characterization of a 60-kDa protein from oat, formerly known as a TCP1-related chaperone. 
  • Purification and characterization of a lecithin-D(-)- -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase complex. 
  • Purification and characterization of cysteine synthetase, a bifunctional protein complex, from Salmonella typhimurium. 
  • Purification and characterization of extracellular superoxide dismutase in mouse lung. 
  • Purification and characterization of one-chain and two-chain renins from mouse submandibular gland. 
  • Purification and characterization of papain-solubilized HLA antigens from human platelets. 
  • Purification and characterization of the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase. 
  • Purification and initial characterization of a putative blue light-regulated phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli. 
  • Purification and properties of methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase from human liver. 
  • Purification and properties of sulfite oxidase from chicken liver. Presence of molybdenum in sulfite oxidase from diverse sources. 
  • Purification and properties of sulfite oxidase from human liver. 
  • Purification and some properties of Cd-binding protein from rat liver. 
  • Purification of C1 inhibitor. A new approach for the isolation of this biologically important plasma protease inhibitor. 
  • Purification of G protein beta gamma from bovine brain. 
  • Purification of a 12,020-dalton protein that enhances the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase by MAP kinase kinase. 
  • Purification of a distinct placental lactogen receptor, a new member of the growth hormone/prolactin receptor family. 
  • Purification of a naturally produced, low molecular weight organic factor that reversibly blocks encystment of Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores. 
  • Purification of brain analogs of red blood cell membrane skeletal proteins: ankyrin, protein 4.1 (synapsin), spectrin, and spectrin subunits. 
  • Purification of glycopeptides of human plasma proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography. 
  • Purification of hexabrachion (tenascin) from cell culture conditioned medium, and separation from a cell adhesion factor. 
  • Purification, amino acid sequence, synthesis, and receptor selectivity of alligator gastrin. 
  • Purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of the active moiety of the previously called "suppressor activating factor (SAF)". 
  • Quantification of keratan sulfate in blood as a marker of cartilage catabolism. 
  • Quantification of mouse macrophage chemotaxis in vitro: role of C5 for the production of chemotactic activity. 
  • Rac1, a low-molecular-mass GTP-binding-protein with high intrinsic GTPase activity and distinct biochemical properties. 
  • Radioimmunoassay of plasma estradiol during the breeding cycle of ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). 
  • Rapid degradation of puromycyl peptides in hepatoma cells and reticulocytes. 
  • Rapid shotgun cloning utilizing the two base recognition endonuclease CviJI. 
  • Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-sulfite reductase of enterobacteria. 3. The Escherichia coli hemoflavoprotein: catalytic parameters and the sequence of electron flow. 
  • Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-sulfite reductase of enterobacteria. IV. The Escherichia coli hemoflavoprotein: subunit structure and dissociation into hemoprotein and flavoprotein components. 
  • Regional localization of a glioma-associated antigen defined by monoclonal antibody 81C6 in vivo: kinetics and implications for diagnosis and therapy. 
  • Regulation of E2A activities by histone acetyltransferases in B lymphocyte development. 
  • Regulation of cyclin D1/Cdk4 complexes by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I. 
  • Release of ubiquitin-charged Cdc34-S - Ub from the RING domain is essential for ubiquitination of the SCF(Cdc4)-bound substrate Sic1. 
  • Renaturation and partial peptide sequencing of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activator from rabbit skeletal muscle. 
  • Response of variant hereditary angioedema phenotypes to danazol therapy. Genetic implications. 
  • Reversible binding of platelet-derived growth factor-AA, -AB, and -BB isoforms to a similar site on the "slow" and "fast" conformations of alpha 2-macroglobulin. 
  • Role of aggregated human growth hormone (hGH) in development of antibodies to hGH. 
  • Role of group-specific component (vitamin D binding protein) in clearance of actin from the circulation in the rabbit. 
  • Secreted extracellular domains of macrophage scavenger receptors form elongated trimers which specifically bind crocidolite asbestos. 
  • Sel-association of glucagon. Equilibrium studies. 
  • Separation and quantitation of serum constituents associated with calcium by gel filtration. 
  • Separation of contaminating pyrogenic material from commercial bovine serum albumin. 
  • Separation of two thyrotropin binding components from porcine thyroid tissue by affinity chromatography: characterization of high and low affinity sites. 
  • Serum IgD and IgE concentrations in immunodeficiency diseases. 
  • Siroheme and sirohydrochlorin. The basis for a new type of porphyrin-related prosthetic group common to both assimilatory and dissimilatory sulfite reductases. 
  • Solubilization and partial isolation of human melanoma tumor-associated antigens. 
  • Somatostatin-like immunoactivity and biological activity is present in Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliated protozoan. 
  • Strain variation in composition and molecular size of the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A. 
  • Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Francisella tularensis Pathogenicity Regulator, Macrophage Locus Protein A (MglA). 
  • Structural characteristics of the desmin protofilament. 
  • Structure of the Haemophilus influenzae HMW1B translocator protein: evidence for a twin pore. 
  • Studies of the copper and heme cofactors of pseudomonad L-tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. 
  • Studies on photosystem I. I. Relationship of plastocyanin, cytochrome f and P700. 
  • Substructure of human von Willebrand factor. 
  • Subunit structure of fragment D from fibrinogen and cross-linked fibrin. 
  • Synaptic vesicle membrane proteins interact to form a multimeric complex. 
  • Synthesis and secretion of gamma-globulin by lymph node cells. VI. Characteristics of the structure of immunoglobulin A and its pattern of secretion by appendix cell suspensions. 
  • Synthesis of Modular Brush Polymer-Protein Hybrids Using Diazotransfer and Copper Click Chemistry. 
  • Synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of gold nanoparticles for cancer imaging. 
  • The G-protein-coupled receptor phosphatase: a protein phosphatase type 2A with a distinct subcellular distribution and substrate specificity. 
  • The actin-binding protein profilin binds to PIP2 and inhibits its hydrolysis by phospholipase C. 
  • The affinities of human platelet and Acanthamoeba profilin isoforms for polyphosphoinositides account for their relative abilities to inhibit phospholipase C. 
  • The alternate complement pathway in cell damage: antibody-mediated cytolysis of erythrocytes and nucleated cells. 
  • The beta-phosphoro[35S]thioate analogue of UDP-Glc is efficiently utilized by the glucose phosphotransferase and is relatively resistant to hydrolytic degradation. 
  • The double-stranded RNA binding protein 76:NF45 heterodimer inhibits translation initiation at the rhinovirus type 2 internal ribosome entry site. 
  • The effect of plasmin on the subunit structure of human fibrin. 
  • The effect of plasmin on the subunit structure of human fibrinogen. 
  • The hemoglobin of the crossopterygian fish, Latimeria chalumnae (Smith). Subunit structure and oxygen equilibria. 
  • The integrity of a cholesterol-binding pocket in Niemann-Pick C2 protein is necessary to control lysosome cholesterol levels. 
  • The mammalian beta 2-adrenergic receptor: purification and characterization. 
  • The materials engineering of temperature-sensitive liposomes. 
  • The membrane attachment protein for spectrin is associated with band 3 in human erythrocyte membranes. 
  • The neuroendocrine protein 7B2 is intrinsically disordered. 
  • The presence and properties of myocilin in the aqueous humor. 
  • The primary elastase inhibitor (elastasin) and trypsin inhibitor (contrapsin) in the goat are serpins related to human alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin. 
  • The purification and characterization of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase-A from Salmonella typhimurium. 
  • The purification and subunit structure of cysteine desulfhydrase from Salmonella typhimurium. 
  • The structure and assembly of microtubules. 
  • The subunit structure of normal and hemophilic factor VIII. 
  • The subunits in rabbit anti-Forssman IgM antibody. 
  • The synthesis and secretion of gamma-globulin by lymph node cells. V. The dissociation of the microsome-antibody complex with enzymatically and chemically altered gamma-globulins. 
  • Three peptides from the atrial natriuretic factor prohormone amino terminus lower blood pressure and produce diuresis, natriuresis, and/or kaliuresis in humans. 
  • Thrittene, homologous with somatostatin-28((1-13)), is a novel peptide in mammalian gut and circulation. 
  • Trimethoprim resistance in Haemophilus influenzae is due to altered dihydrofolate reductase(s). 
  • Urinary metabolities of harmine in the rat and their inhibition of monoamine oxidase. 
  • Use of Sepharose 4B for preparative scale fractionation of eukaryotic messenger RNA's. 
  • Use of gel filtration in the preparation of biological fluids for magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 
  • Use of gel filtration to examine the distribution of calcium among serum proteins. 
  • [Synthesis of human proinsulin in Escherichia coli cells]. 
  • zeta-Crystallin is a major protein in the lens of Camelus dromedarius. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bennett, Vann, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Pitt, Geoffrey Stuart, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology