Codon

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 172G>T variant in the 5' untranslated region of DNA repair gene RAD51 reduces risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and interacts with a P53 codon 72 variant. 
  • A Structural Basis for Restricted Codon Recognition Mediated by 2-thiocytidine in tRNA Containing a Wobble Position Inosine. 
  • A novel beta-globin mutation, beta Durham-NC [beta 114 Leu-->Pro], produces a dominant thalassemia-like phenotype. 
  • A novel functional DEC1 promoter polymorphism -249T>C reduces risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
  • A novel splice variant of GLI1 that promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. 
  • A replicated molecular genetic basis for subtyping antisocial behavior in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 
  • A strong effect of AT mutational bias on amino acid usage in Buchnera is mitigated at high-expression genes. 
  • ADAR-Mediated RNA Editing Predicts Progression and Prognosis of Gastric Cancer. 
  • Absent ras gene mutations in human adrenal cortical neoplasms and pheochromocytomas. 
  • Adding a positive charge at residue 46 of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase increases cofactor specificity for NADP+. 
  • Alternative translation initiation site usage results in two structurally distinct forms of Pit-1. 
  • Artifactual frame-shift p53 mutation at codon 249 detected with the Cyclist DNA sequencing method. 
  • Association between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. 
  • Association between the V109G polymorphism of the p27 gene and the risk and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. 
  • Association of genetic variants of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase with risk of lung cancer in non-Hispanic Whites. 
  • Association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with risk of second primary malignancy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
  • Autosomal-dominant hemochromatosis is associated with a mutation in the ferroportin (SLC11A3) gene. 
  • Can three incongruence tests predict when data should be combined? 
  • Characterization of proteins that interact with the cell-cycle regulatory protein Ran/TC4. 
  • Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome. 
  • Codon bias imposes a targetable limitation on KRAS-driven therapeutic resistance. 
  • Codon usage optimization of HIV type 1 subtype C gag, pol, env, and nef genes: in vitro expression and immune responses in DNA-vaccinated mice. 
  • Codon usage regulates human KRAS expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. 
  • Colonial differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor depends on translation of a specific codon within the adpA gene. 
  • Combinatorial codon scrambling enables scalable gene synthesis and amplification of repetitive proteins. 
  • Combined effects of the p53 codon 72 and p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphisms on the risk of HPV16-associated oral cancer in never-smokers. 
  • Conservation of the 3' terminal nucleotide sequences of Ebola and Marburg virus. 
  • Cordon-bleu is a conserved gene involved in neural tube formation. 
  • DNA repair gene XRCC3 241Met variant is not associated with risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma. 
  • DNA/MVA vaccine for HIV type 1: effects of codon-optimization and the expression of aggregates or virus-like particles on the immunogenicity of the DNA prime. 
  • Deletions and point mutations of p16,p15 gene in primary tumors and tumor cell lines. 
  • Derivation of a biologically contained replication system for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 
  • Detection of H-ras mutations in urine sediments by a mutant-enriched PCR technique. 
  • Differential expression of intracellular and secreted osteopontin isoforms by murine macrophages in response to toll-like receptor agonists. 
  • Distinct responses to rare codons in select Drosophila tissues. 
  • Drosophila muller f elements maintain a distinct set of genomic properties over 40 million years of evolution. 
  • Dynamic evolution of base composition: causes and consequences in avian phylogenomics. 
  • Effects of MDM2 promoter polymorphisms and p53 codon 72 polymorphism on risk and age at onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
  • Endoglin, a TGF-beta binding protein of endothelial cells, is the gene for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. 
  • Estimation of primate speciation dates using local molecular clocks. 
  • Etiology of the mutational spectrum of ras genes in human carcinomas. 
  • Evidence for genetic drift in endosymbionts (Buchnera): analyses of protein-coding genes. 
  • Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny. 
  • Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes. 
  • Evolutionary adaptation of the amino acid and codon usage of the mosquito sodium channel following insecticide selection in the field mosquitoes. 
  • Evolutionary rate variation in anthocyanin pathway genes. 
  • Exome sequencing identifies highly recurrent MED12 somatic mutations in breast fibroadenoma. 
  • Expansion of the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor family: cloning and characterization of a human alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype, the gene for which is located on chromosome 2. 
  • Expression of a Malassezia Codon Optimized mCherry Fluorescent Protein in a Bicistronic Vector. 
  • Expression of transgenes enriched in rare codons is enhanced by the MAPK pathway. 
  • Expression, subcellular localization, and enzyme activity of a recombinant human extra-cellular superoxide dismutase in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana L.). 
  • Fine-scale crossover rate heterogeneity in Drosophila pseudoobscura. 
  • Frequent detection of codon 877 mutation in the androgen receptor gene in advanced prostate cancers. 
  • Functional Class I and II Amino Acid-activating Enzymes Can Be Coded by Opposite Strands of the Same Gene. 
  • Functions of the myosin ATP and actin binding sites are required for C. elegans thick filament assembly. 
  • Gene expression level influences amino acid usage, but not codon usage, in the tsetse fly endosymbiont Wigglesworthia. 
  • Gene expression levels influence amino acid usage and evolutionary rates in endosymbiotic bacteria. 
  • Genes translocated into the plastid inverted repeat show decelerated substitution rates and elevated GC content 
  • Genetic analysis of the beta-tubulin gene, TUBB, in non-small-cell lung cancer. 
  • Genetic and evolutionary correlates of fine-scale recombination rate variation in Drosophila persimilis. 
  • Genetic polymorphisms of p21 are associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
  • HER2 codon 655 polymorphism and risk of breast cancer in African Americans and whites. 
  • Heterogeneity in codon usages of sobemovirus genes. 
  • High Incidence of Noonan Syndrome Features Including Short Stature and Pulmonic Stenosis in Patients carrying NF1 Missense Mutations Affecting p.Arg1809: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation. 
  • High-level expression of Escherichia coli NADPH-sulfite reductase: requirement for a cloned cysG plasmid to overcome limiting siroheme cofactor. 
  • High-level misincorporation of lysine for arginine at AGA codons in a fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. 
  • Identification of a nonsense mutation at codon 128 of the Norrie's disease gene in a male infant. 
  • Immune response to p53 is dependent upon p53/HSP70 complexes in breast cancers. 
  • In vivo attenuation of simian immunodeficiency virus by disruption of a tyrosine-dependent sorting signal in the envelope glycoprotein cytoplasmic tail. 
  • Infrequent RAS oncogene mutations in human prostate cancer. 
  • Is congruence between data partitions a reliable predictor of phylogenetic accuracy? Empirically testing an iterative procedure for choosing among phylogenetic methods. 
  • Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations in cancer: alterations at a crossroads of cellular metabolism. 
  • Kinetics of bisulfite-induced cytosine deamination in single-stranded DNA. 
  • Lack of evidence for a polymorphism at codon 160 of human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase gene in normal tissue and cancer. 
  • Latitude may modify the effect of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism on cancer risk. 
  • Methodological remarks concerning the recent meta-analysis on p53 codon 72 polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk. 
  • Molecular characterization of TRP1, a gene coding for tryptophan synthetase in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. 
  • Molecular cloning of rat glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). 
  • Molecular evolutionary dynamics of cytochrome b in strepsirrhine primates: the phylogenetic significance of third-position transversions. 
  • Multifactorial determinants of protein expression in prokaryotic open reading frames. 
  • Mutation of the Ki-ras protooncogene in human endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. 
  • Mutation-specific RAS oncogenicity explains NRAS codon 61 selection in melanoma. 
  • Mutations at arginine residues in two Asian hemophilia B patients. 
  • Mutations in the DNA-binding codons of TP53, which are associated with decreased expression of TRAILreceptor-2, predict for poor survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. 
  • Mutations of the E-cadherin gene in human gynecologic cancers. 
  • Mutations of the Ki-ras oncogene in endometrial carcinoma. 
  • Need for clarification of data in the recent meta-analysis about p53 polymorphism and gastric cancer risk. 
  • Neutral evolution of the nonbinding region of the anthocyanin regulatory gene Ipmyb1 in Ipomoea. 
  • Nramp2 is mutated in the anemic Belgrade (b) rat: evidence of a role for Nramp2 in endosomal iron transport. 
  • Oncogenic base substitution mutations in circulating leukocytes of normal individuals. 
  • Optimized production and analysis of the staphylococcal multidrug efflux protein QacA. 
  • Origins and evolution of AIDS viruses: estimating the time-scale. 
  • P53 codon 72 polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. 
  • P53 codon 72 polymorphism and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a case-control study. 
  • Patterns of variation within self-incompatibility loci. 
  • Phage T3 DNA contains an exact copy of the 23 base-pair phage T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. 
  • Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Mycobacterium africanum isolates from West Africa. 
  • Polymorphic hCHK2/hCds1 codon 84 allele and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck--a case-control analysis. 
  • Positive selection driving diversification in plant secondary metabolism. 
  • Prevalence of myocilin mutations in adults with primary open-angle glaucoma in Ghana, West Africa. 
  • Prevention of ischemically induced neointimal hyperplasia using ex vivo antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. 
  • Primary sequence of ovomucoid messenger RNA as determined from cloned complementary DNA. 
  • Prophylactic thyroidectomy in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. 
  • Rare codons capacitate Kras-driven de novo tumorigenesis. 
  • Rare codons regulate KRas oncogenesis. 
  • Recombination modulates how selection affects linked sites in Drosophila. 
  • Reduced selective constraint in endosymbionts: elevation in radical amino acid replacements occurs genome-wide. 
  • Relaxed constraint and evolutionary rate variation between basic helix-loop-helix floral anthocyanin regulators in Ipomoea. 
  • Retrotransposons Are the Major Contributors to the Expansion of the Drosophila ananassae Muller F Element. 
  • Ribosome stalling and SGS3 phase separation prime the epigenetic silencing of transposons. 
  • SGP-1: prediction and validation of homologous genes based on sequence alignments. 
  • Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human liver glycogen phosphorylase reveals tissue-specific codon usage. 
  • Sequence at both termini of the 10 genes of reovirus serotype 3 (strain Dearing). 
  • Sequence of the cDNA for the alpha subunit of calmodulin kinase II from mouse brain. 
  • Serine substitution of proline at codon 151 of TP53 confers gain of function activity leading to anoikis resistance and tumor progression of head and neck cancer cells. 
  • Six novel mutations in the endoglin gene in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 suggest a dominant-negative effect of receptor function. 
  • Statistical evaluation of the Rodin-Ohno hypothesis: sense/antisense coding of ancestral class I and II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. 
  • Structural characterization of the 5' regions of the human phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. 
  • Structure of the gene encoding the human leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (TQ1, Leu-8) of lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
  • Support for a monophyletic Lemuriformes: Overcoming incongruence between data partitions 
  • Synonymous codon usage analysis of hand, foot and mouth disease viruses: A comparative study on coxsackievirus A6, A10, A16, and enterovirus 71 from 2008 to 2015. 
  • Testing morphological concepts of orders of pleurocarpous mosses (Bryophyta) using phylogenetic reconstructions based on TRNL-TRNF and RPS4 sequences. 
  • The Mutation Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Is Primarily Shaped by the Host Antiviral Defense. 
  • The Rodin-Ohno hypothesis that two enzyme superfamilies descended from one ancestral gene: an unlikely scenario for the origins of translation that will not be dismissed. 
  • The roles of positive and negative selection in the molecular evolution of insect endosymbionts. 
  • The sequence of the reovirus serotype 3 L3 genome segment which encodes the major core protein lambda 1. 
  • Transcription of a poxvirus early gene is regulated both by a short promoter element and by a transcriptional termination signal controlling transcriptional interference. 
  • Wild-type Kras expands and exhausts hematopoietic stem cells. 
  • p53 codon 72 polymorphism associated with risk of human papillomavirus-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx in never-smokers. 
  • p53 gene mutation spectrum in human unknown primary tumors. 
  • p53 status in spontaneous and dimethylnitrosamine-induced renal cell tumors from rats. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Berchuck, Andrew, James M. Ingram Distinguished Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology
  • Noor, Mohamed A. F., Professor of Biology, Duke University