Cost-Benefit Analysis

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "A Survey of Beliefs about Managed Care" 
  • "Me-too" products--friend or foe? 
  • 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. 
  • 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. 
  • 34th Bethesda Conference: Task force #5--Is atherosclerosis imaging cost effective? 
  • A Bayesian approach to aid in formulary decision making: incorporating institution-specific cost-effectiveness data with clinical trial results. 
  • A Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Triage Clinic. 
  • A Community-based Assessment of Skin Care, Allergies, and Eczema (CASCADE): an atopic dermatitis primary prevention study using emollients-protocol for a randomized controlled trial. 
  • A Cost Analysis of Universal versus Targeted Cholesterol Screening in Pediatrics. 
  • A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Post-Void Residual Bladder Scan Thresholds in the Postoperative Setting. 
  • A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Randomized Control Trial of a Tailored, Multifactorial Program to Prevent Falls Among the Community-Dwelling Elderly. 
  • A Cost-Utility Analysis of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring in the Setting of Total Thyroidectomy. 
  • A Digital Behavioral Weight Gain Prevention Intervention in Primary Care Practice: Cost and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • A National Survey of Pulmonologists' Views on Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer. 
  • A Plan for Academic Biobank Solvency-Leveraging Resources and Applying Business Processes to Improve Sustainability. 
  • A Simplified Cost-Utility Analysis of Inpatient Flap Monitoring after Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction and Implications for Hospital Length of Stay. 
  • A UK-based cost-utility analysis of radiofrequency ablation or oesophagectomy for the management of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus. 
  • A budget impact analysis of telemedicine-based collaborative care for depression. 
  • A case for nonionic contrast media--despite the high cost. 
  • A clinical decision and economic analysis model of cancer pain management. 
  • A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: A US Public Health Service report. The Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline Panel, Staff, and Consortium Representatives. 
  • A cluster randomised trial, cost-effectiveness analysis and psychosocial evaluation of insulin pump therapy compared with multiple injections during flexible intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes: the REPOSE Trial. 
  • A cost-benefit simulation model of coverage for bariatric surgery among full-time employees. 
  • A cost-effectiveness analysis of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Cancer Screening Program. 
  • A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative HIV retesting strategies in sub-saharan Africa. 
  • A cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatitis B vaccine in predialysis patients. 
  • A cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical care delivery in Eastern Uganda-a societal perspective. 
  • A cost-effectiveness comparisons of adult spinal deformity surgery in the United States and Japan. 
  • A cost-minimization analysis of dexmedetomidine compared with midazolam for long-term sedation in the intensive care unit. 
  • A cost-utility analysis of NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Protocol 218: incorporating prospectively collected quality-of-life scores in an economic model of treatment of ovarian cancer. 
  • A critique of the effectiveness of assertive community treatment. 
  • A framework for quantifying net benefits of alternative prognostic models. 
  • A framework to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the NADiA ProsVue slope to guide adjuvant radiotherapy among men with high-risk characteristics following prostatectomy for prostate cancer. 
  • A longitudinal study on the relationship between weight loss, medical expenditures, and absenteeism among overweight employees in the WAY to Health study. 
  • A model of educational resource use by children with cochlear implants. 
  • A modeled economic analysis of a digital tele-ophthalmology system as used by three federal health care agencies for detecting proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 
  • A multigene prognostic assay for selection of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with T3, stage II colon cancer: impact on quality-adjusted life expectancy and costs. 
  • A new ambulatory classification and funding model for radiation oncology: non-admitted patients in Victorian hospitals. 
  • A novel approach to maintain planned dose chemotherapy on time: a decision-making tool to improve patient care. 
  • A personalized paradigm in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer - A cost utility analysis of genomic-based versus cytotoxic therapy. 
  • A pilot study of inexpensive sleep-assessment devices. 
  • A primer of biostatistic and economic methods for diagnostic and prognostic modeling in nuclear cardiology: Part II. 
  • A quick scoping review of efficacy, safety, economic, and health-related quality-of-life outcomes of short- and long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia and chronic kidney disease anemia. 
  • A randomized comparative effectiveness study of Healthy Directions 2--a multiple risk behavior intervention for primary care. 
  • A randomized, controlled trial of a removable brace versus casting in children with low-risk ankle fractures. 
  • A reliable and cost-effective neonatal aminoglycoside administration system. 
  • A response to representatives from the social HMOs regarding program evaluation. 
  • A return-on-investment simulation model of workplace obesity interventions. 
  • A review of cost-effectiveness studies in ovarian cancer. 
  • A review of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases. 
  • A view from the future: the challenge for academic medicine in northern California. 
  • A within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis of panitumumab compared with bevacizumab in the first-line treatment of patients with wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer in the US. 
  • ACC/AHA statement on cost/value methodology in clinical practice guidelines and performance measures: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 
  • ACC/AHA statement on cost/value methodology in clinical practice guidelines and performance measures: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 
  • ACCF/ACR/AHA/NASCI/SAIP/SCAI/SCCT 2010 expert consensus document on coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. 
  • ACCF/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2013 multimodality appropriate use criteria for the detection and risk assessment of stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. 
  • ACR Presidential Address: RethinkingRheumatology: A Brave New World. 
  • AIDS is your business. 
  • ASCO Value Framework Highlights the Relative Value of Treatment Options in Ovarian Cancer. 
  • Accountable Care Reforms Improve Women's And Children's Health In Nepal. 
  • Accounting for institutional change in health economic evaluation: a program to tackle HIV/AIDS and gender violence in Southern Africa. 
  • Accuracy and cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening by high-risk human papillomavirus DNA testing of self-collected vaginal samples. 
  • Accurate Inputs for Costs and Benefits of Screening Mammography. 
  • Acne and accutane. 
  • Active Surveillance Versus Nephron-Sparing Surgery for a Bosniak IIF or III Renal Cyst: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • Acupuncture for chronic pain: an update and critical overview. 
  • Acute and long-term cost implications of coronary stenting. 
  • Acute pulmonary embolism: cost-effectiveness analysis of the effect of artificial neural networks on patient care. 
  • Adalimumab for the treatment of psoriasis. 
  • Adding bevacizumab to single agent chemotherapy for the treatment of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: A cost effectiveness analysis of the AURELIA trial. 
  • Addition of adult-to-adult living donation to liver transplant programs improves survival but at an increased cost. 
  • Addition of price transparency to an education and feedback intervention reduces utilization of inpatient echocardiography by resident physicians. 
  • Addressing Hepatitis C in the American Incarcerated Population: Strategies for Nationwide Elimination. 
  • Adoption of pharmaceutical innovation and the growth of drug expenditure in Taiwan: is it cost effective? 
  • Adult asthma disease management: an analysis of studies, approaches, outcomes, and methods. 
  • Advanced Imaging Adds Little Value in the Diagnosis of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. 
  • Advances in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Costs and Challenges. 
  • Advancing Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and care: recommendations from the Ware Invitational Summit. 
  • Advancing Value-Based Cardiovascular Care: The American Heart Association Value in Healthcare Initiative. 
  • Advancing Value-Based Models for Heart Failure: A Call to Action From the Value in Healthcare Initiative's Value-Based Models Learning Collaborative. 
  • Air Purifier Intervention to Remove Indoor PM_2.5 in Urban China: A Cost-Effectiveness and Health Inequality Impact Study. 
  • Air pollution control strategies directly limiting national health damages in the US. 
  • Alert-driven vs scheduled remote monitoring of implantable cardiac defibrillators: A cost-consequence analysis from the TRUST trial. 
  • Algorithms For Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness. 
  • All evidence points to the need for collaborative care. 
  • Allocating HIV-prevention resources: balancing efficiency and equity. 
  • Alvimopan Provides Additional Improvement in Outcomes and Cost Savings in Enhanced Recovery Colorectal Surgery. 
  • Ambulatory high-dose methotrexate administration among pediatric osteosarcoma patients in an urban, underserved setting is feasible, safe, and cost-effective. 
  • American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) Supplement. Introduction. 
  • American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Expert Consensus Document on electron-beam computed tomography for the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. 
  • American Society of Clinical Oncology guidance statement: the cost of cancer care. 
  • American Thyroid Association Statement on Remote-Access Thyroid Surgery. 
  • Amputation versus limb salvage. 
  • An Economic Evaluation of the Garrett Lee Smith Memorial Suicide Prevention Program. 
  • An economic analysis of a store and forward teledermatology consult system. 
  • An economic analysis of external hip protector use in ambulatory nursing facility residents. 
  • An economic evaluation of prolonged mechanical ventilation. 
  • An economic evaluation of screening 60- to 70-year-old adults for hearing loss. 
  • An economic framework for preventive care advice. 
  • An efficient screening tool for preoperative depression: the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. 
  • An empirical analysis of cost outcomes of the Texas Medication Algorithm Project. 
  • An inexpensive, reproducible tissue simulator for teaching thoracoscopic lobectomy. 
  • Analysis of colorectal cancer screening regimens. 
  • Analysis of procedure-related costs and proposed benefits of using patient-specific approach in total knee arthroplasty. 
  • Analysis of the North Carolina long-term care polypharmacy initiative: a multiple-cohort approach using propensity-score matching for both evaluation and targeting. 
  • Analysis of the potential for point-of-care test to enable individualised treatment of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant and susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae : a modelling study. 
  • Analytic considerations in economic evaluations of multinational cardiovascular clinical trials. 
  • Annual Research Review: Universal and targeted strategies for assigning interventions to achieve population impact. 
  • Annual direct and indirect health care costs of chronic idiopathic urticaria: a cost analysis of 50 nonimmunosuppressed patients. 
  • Anticipated Benefits of Care (ABC): psychometrics and predictive value in psychiatric disorders. 
  • Antivenom Does Not Cause Snakebite Complications, Withholding It Does. 
  • Are different methotrexate regimens as first line therapy for low risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia more cost effective than the dactinomycin regimen used in GOG 0174? 
  • Are preferences for equity over efficiency in health care allocation "all or nothing"? 
  • Are supportive care-based treatment strategies preferable to standard chemotherapy in recurrent cervical cancer? 
  • Arterial blood gas as a prognostic indicator in patients with sepsis. 
  • Artificial intelligence for teleophthalmology-based diabetic retinopathy screening in a national programme: an economic analysis modelling study. 
  • Assessing the Quality and Comparative Effectiveness of Team-Based Care for Heart Failure: Who, What, Where, When, and How. 
  • Assessing the comparative value of sedatives in the intensive care unit. 
  • Assessing the cost and economic impact of tertiary-level pediatric cancer care in Tanzania. 
  • Assessing the current role of platelet function testing. 
  • Assessing the economic attractiveness of coronary artery revascularization in chronic kidney disease patients. 
  • Assessing the economic challenges posed by orphan drugs. 
  • Assessing the potential economic value of health information technology interventions in a community-based health network. 
  • Assessing the value of newer pharmacologic agents in non-ST elevation patients: a decision support system application. 
  • Assessing uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analyses: application to a complex decision model. 
  • Assessment of Anatomic Restoration of Distal Radius Fractures Among Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Association of a Bundled-Payment Program With Cost and Outcomes in Full-Cycle Breast Cancer Care. 
  • At-Home Versus In-Clinic INR Monitoring: A Cost-Utility Analysis from The Home INR Study (THINRS). 
  • Background and rationale for the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D) study. 
  • Balancing the benefits and costs of colony-stimulating factors: a current perspective. 
  • Bariatric surgery as a means to decrease mortality in women with type I endometrial cancer - An intriguing option in a population at risk for dying of complications of metabolic syndrome. 
  • Behaviour change in practice: group approaches. 
  • Benchmarking the Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions Delaying Diabetes: A Simulation Study Based on NAVIGATOR Data. 
  • Benefits and costs of improved cookstoves: assessing the implications of variability in health, forest and climate impacts. 
  • Benefits, risks, and costs of prescription drugs: a scientific basis for evaluating policy options. 
  • Between Scylla and Charybdis: The choice of inotropic agent for decompensated heart failure. 
  • Bevacizumab in recurrent, persistent, or advanced stage carcinoma of the cervix: is it cost-effective? 
  • Beyond cost-effectiveness: A five-step framework for appraising the value of health technologies in Asia-Pacific. 
  • Bisphosphonate holidays: using cost-effectiveness analysis for the "yes, but" questions. 
  • Breast Cancer Screening Among Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated Without Chest Radiation: Clinical Benefits and Cost-Effectiveness. 
  • Bridging Income Generation with Group Integrated Care for cardiovascular risk reduction: Rationale and design of the BIGPIC study. 
  • Budget impact and cost-effectiveness analyses of the COBRA-BPS multicomponent hypertension management programme in rural communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. 
  • Burden and Outcomes of Neonatal Surgery in Uganda: Results of a Five-Year Prospective Study. 
  • COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond: Considerations and Costs of Telehealth Exercise Programs for Older Adults With Functional Impairments Living at Home-Lessons Learned From a Pilot Case Study. 
  • Can Vaccinations Improve Heart Failure Outcomes?: Contemporary Data and Future Directions. 
  • Can a costly intervention be cost-effective? An analysis of violence prevention 
  • Can tailored interventions increase mammography use among HMO women? 
  • Can we maximize both value and quality in gynecologic cancer care? A work in progress. 
  • Canadian Consensus Conference on Coronary Thrombolysis--1994 update. 
  • Cell-free DNA for Down syndrome screening in obese women: Is it a cost-effective strategy? 
  • Challenges and Potential Improvements to Patient Access to Pharmaceuticals: Examples From Cardiology. 
  • Challenges in merging Medicaid and Medicare databases to obtain healthcare costs for dual-eligible beneficiaries: using diabetes as an example. 
  • Chapter 19: Cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening. 
  • Choice Experiments to Quantify Preferences for Health and Healthcare: State of the Practice. 
  • Choice of Hemodialysis Access in Older Adults: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • Choosing a Time Horizon in Cost and Cost-effectiveness Analyses. 
  • Choosing between percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting for patients with multivessel disease: what can we learn from the Arterial Revascularization Therapy Study (ARTS)? 
  • Clinical Benefits, Harms, and Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening for Survivors of Childhood Cancer Treated With Chest Radiation : A Comparative Modeling Study. 
  • Clinical Impact of Routine Complete Blood Counts Following Total Knee Arthroplasty. 
  • Clinical and cost effectiveness of booklet based vestibular rehabilitation for chronic dizziness in primary care: single blind, parallel group, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. 
  • Clinical and economic evaluation of a proteomic biomarker preterm birth risk predictor: cost-effectiveness modeling of prenatal interventions applied to predicted higher-risk pregnancies within a large and diverse cohort. 
  • Clinical and economic implications of the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-II. 
  • Clinical and economic lessons from studies of coronary thrombolysis. 
  • Clinical and economic outcomes of liberal versus selective drug-eluting stent use: insights from temporal analysis of the multicenter Evaluation of Drug Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events (EVENT) registry. 
  • Clinical assessment of beta blockade. 
  • Clinical outcome of continuous facial nerve monitoring during primary parotidectomy. 
  • Clinical trial metadata: defining and extracting metadata on the design, conduct, results and costs of 125 randomised clinical trials funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme. 
  • Clinical, pathologic, and economic parameters of laparoscopic colon resection for cancer. 
  • Coapting Cost and Clinical Outcomes in Transcatheter Intervention for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation. 
  • Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values. 
  • Colorectal testing utilization and payments in a large cohort of commercially insured US adults. 
  • Commentary: Appropriate Use Criteria for Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis: Developing Evidence-based Guidance for Complex Treatment Decisions. 
  • Commentary: Central venous access in congenital heart surgery: Is it time for surgeons to toe (and place) the line? 
  • Community-based aquatic exercise and quality of life in persons with osteoarthritis. 
  • Community-based nursing: continence care for older rural women. 
  • Comparative Cost-Effectiveness of Clinic, Home, or Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement for Hypertension Diagnosis in US Adults. 
  • Comparative Effectiveness Research: Alternatives to "Traditional" Computed Tomography Use in the Acute Care Setting. 
  • Comparative Effectiveness Trials of Imaging-Guided Strategies in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. 
  • Comparative Effectiveness of an Internet-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention Versus Clinic-Based Specialty Care for Veterans. 
  • Comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of voriconazole and fluconazole for prevention of invasive fungal infection in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants. 
  • Comparative effectiveness research and demonstrating clinical utility for molecular diagnostic tests. 
  • Comparative effectiveness research in oncology. 
  • Comparative effectiveness research in oncology: the need for clarity, transparency and vision. 
  • Comparative effectiveness research: moving medical oncology forward. 
  • Comparative effectiveness: insights on treatment options for open-angle glaucoma. 
  • Comparative trials of chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 
  • Comparing the Noncomparable: The Need for Equivalence Measures That Make Sense in Health-Economic Evaluations. 
  • Comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of remote (telehealth and online) cognitive behavioral therapy-based treatments for high-impact chronic pain relative to usual care: study protocol for the RESOLVE multisite randomized control trial. 
  • Comparing the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty with topical medication as initial treatment (the Glaucoma Initial Treatment Study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. 
  • Comparison of MRI and MRA findings in children with a variety of neurologic conditions. 
  • Comparison of Nonblood-Based and Blood-Based Total CV Risk Scores in Global Populations. 
  • Comparison of cost-effectiveness of vitamin D screening with that of universal supplementation in preventing falls in community-dwelling older adults. 
  • Comparison of methods to estimate health state utilities for ovarian cancer using quality of life data: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. 
  • Comparison of the costs and morbidity of percutaneous and open flank procedures. 
  • Comparison of use of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics for identification of species of the anamorph genus Candida and related teleomorph yeast species. 
  • Computed tomography screening for lung cancer: where are we now? 
  • Computed tomography screening for the early detection of lung cancer. 
  • Computerizing the Texas Medication Algorithm Project. 
  • Conducting an economic analysis to assess the electrocardiogram's value. 
  • Conducting physician mail surveys on a limited budget. A randomized trial comparing $2 bill versus $5 bill incentives. 
  • Conservative management of acute coronary syndrome: cheaper and better for you? 
  • Continental Divide? The attitudes of US and Canadian oncologists on the costs, cost-effectiveness, and health policies associated with new cancer drugs. 
  • Contracting, prompting and reinforcing substance use disorder continuing care. 
  • Contrasting Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening Under Commercial Insurance vs. Medicare. 
  • Controversies regarding laparoscopic colectomy for malignant diseases. 
  • Conversations in cardiology: bridging antiplatelet therapy before surgery. 
  • Cost Effectiveness of Childhood Cochlear Implantation and Deaf Education in Nicaragua: A Disability Adjusted Life Year Model. 
  • Cost Effectiveness of Risk-Reducing Mastectomy versus Surveillance in BRCA Mutation Carriers with a History of Ovarian Cancer. 
  • Cost analysis of colposcopy for abnormal cytology in post-treatment surveillance for cervical cancer. 
  • Cost and cost-effectiveness of an early invasive vs conservative strategy for the treatment of unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. 
  • Cost and health care utilization in ARDS--different from other critical illness? 
  • Cost comparison of strategies for the management of venous thromboembolic event risk following laparotomy for ovarian cancer. 
  • Cost effectiveness analysis of early zidovudine treatment of HIV infected patients. 
  • Cost effectiveness analysis of hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty. 
  • Cost effectiveness in Canada of eptifibatide treatment for acute coronary syndrome patients using PURSUIT subgroup analysis. 
  • Cost effectiveness of a gene expression score and myocardial perfusion imaging for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. 
  • Cost effectiveness of a short-term pediatric neurosurgical brigade to Guatemala. 
  • Cost effectiveness of a test to detect metastases for endometrial cancer. 
  • Cost effectiveness of abciximab during routine medical practice. 
  • Cost effectiveness of concurrent gemcitabine and cisplatin with radiation followed by adjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with stages IIB to IVA carcinoma of the cervix. 
  • Cost effectiveness of early discharge after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Cost effectiveness of gene expression profiling for early stage breast cancer: a decision-analytic model. 
  • Cost effectiveness of inpatient initiation of antiarrhythmic therapy for supraventricular tachycardias. 
  • Cost effectiveness of internet interventions: review and recommendations. 
  • Cost effectiveness of intraperitoneal compared with intravenous chemotherapy for women with optimally resected stage III ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. 
  • Cost effectiveness of ixabepilone plus capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer progressing after anthracycline and taxane treatment. 
  • Cost effectiveness of maintenance ECT. 
  • Cost effectiveness of management strategies for urinary tract infections: results from randomised controlled trial. 
  • Cost effectiveness of myeloid growth factors in cancer chemotherapy. 
  • Cost effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator as compared with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Cost effectiveness of treating asymptomatic HIV infection. 
  • Cost effectiveness of treatment strategies for high risk prostate cancer. 
  • Cost effectiveness, quality-adjusted life-years and supportive care. Recombinant human erythropoietin as a treatment of cancer-associated anaemia. 
  • Cost impact of molecular testing for indeterminate thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration biopsies. 
  • Cost minimization analysis of a store-and-forward teledermatology consult system. 
  • Cost of treatment and prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. An international perspective. 
  • Cost of wind energy: comparing distant wind resources to local resources in the midwestern United States. 
  • Cost savings in migraine associated with less chest pain on new triptan therapy. 
  • Cost utility analysis of intramedullary nailing and skeletal traction treatment for patients with femoral shaft fractures in Malawi. 
  • Cost utility of sequential adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2/Neu-positive breast cancer. 
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Support Program for Nursing Staff. 
  • Cost-Effective Analysis of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Occult Hip Fractures Among Older Adults. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 2.0. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Anticholinergics Versus Botox for Urgency Urinary Incontinence: Results From the Anticholinergic Versus Botox Comparison Randomized Trial. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Combined Dual Motor Nerve Transfers versus Alternative Surgical and Nonsurgical Management Strategies to Restore Shoulder Function Following Upper Brachial Plexus Injury. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Early Reconstruction Versus Rehabilitation and Delayed Reconstruction for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Qsymia for Weight Loss. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Stable Chest Pain Syndromes. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness analysis of the surgical management of fractures in Malawi: An economic evaluation of a high and low-income country surgical collaboration. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Alirocumab in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: The ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Trial. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation: The CABANA Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Colonoscopy-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening in Childhood Cancer Survivors. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Versus Medicine in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: The STICH Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty Versus Conventional Balloon Angioplasty for Treating Below-the-Knee Arteries in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: The SINGA-PACLI Trial. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Extended Electrocardiogram Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation After Stroke: A Systematic Review. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing With Messenger RNA Versus DNA Under United States Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Initial Revision Digit Amputation Performed in the Emergency Department Versus the Operating Room. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion: A Case Based on Facts Not in Evidence? 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable Paliperidone Palmitate Versus Haloperidol Decanoate in Maintenance Treatment of Schizophrenia. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Mitral Valve Repair Versus Replacement for Severe Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: A Randomized Clinical Trial From the Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Multigene Pharmacogenetic Testing in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Primary Radiation Therapy Versus Radical Prostatectomy for Intermediate- to High-Risk Prostate Cancer. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Versus Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair for Symptomatic Large and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Sacral Neuromodulation versus OnabotulinumtoxinA for Refractory Urgency Urinary Incontinence: Results of the ROSETTA Randomized Trial. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Primary Aldosteronism and Subtype Diagnosis in the Resistant Hypertensive Patients. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Systemic Treatments for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: An Economic Evaluation Based on Network Meta-Analysis. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment Strategies for Spinal Metastases. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Tumor Genomic Profiling to Guide First-Line Targeted Therapy Selection in Patients With Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of a Homeless Care Transition Program: Durham Homeless Care Transitions. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group Screening Guidelines to Prevent Heart Failure in Survivors of Childhood Cancer. 
  • Cost-Utility Analysis of Glaucoma Medication Adherence. 
  • Cost-Utility Analysis of rhBMP-2 Use in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. 
  • Cost-based decision analysis of postreduction imaging in the management of mandibular fractures. 
  • Cost-benefit analysis of a hospital pharmacy bar code solution. 
  • Cost-benefit analysis of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the management of elderly cancer patients. 
  • Cost-benefit and efficacy of aprotinin compared with epsilon-aminocaproic acid in patients having repeated cardiac operations: a randomized, blinded clinical trial. 
  • Cost-benefit comparisons of investments in improved water supply and cholera vaccination programs. 
  • Cost-comparison analysis versus cost-effectiveness analysis: an important difference. 
  • Cost-effective integration of mental health professions. 
  • Cost-effective models for flutamide for prostate carcinoma patients: are they helpful to policy makers? 
  • Cost-effective reduction of neuromuscular-blocking drug expenditures. 
  • Cost-effective use of low-osmolality contrast media for CT of the liver: evaluation of liver enhancement provided by various doses of iohexol. 
  • Cost-effective, Reusable, Leak-resistant Ultrasound-guided Vascular Access Trainer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Anatomic vs Functional Index Testing in Patients With Low-Risk Stable Chest Pain. 
  • Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Hip Arthroscopic Surgery and Structured Rehabilitation Alone in Individuals With Hip Labral Tears: Letter to the Editor. 
  • Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Universal Cystoscopy at the Time of Benign Laparoscopic Hysterectomy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analyses: a basic overview for dermatologists. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trials II-An ISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force report. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis and budget constraints. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis based on the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Triage Study (ALTS). 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis comparing "PARP inhibitors-for-all" to the biomarker-directed use of PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy for newly diagnosed advanced stage ovarian cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis in a setting of budget constraints--is it equitable? 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of a non-contrast screening MRI protocol for vestibular schwannoma in patients with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of a rural telemedicine collaborative care intervention for depression. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of an additional birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine to prevent perinatal transmission in a medical setting in Mozambique. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of annual screening strategies for endometrial cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices as destination therapy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of free vascularized fibular grafting for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of genotyping for HLA-B*5801 and an enhanced safety program in gout patients starting allopurinol in Singapore. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of integrated care for people with HIV, chronic mental illness and substance abuse disorders. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of lead poisoning screening strategies following the 1997 guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of liquid-based cytology and human papillomavirus testing in cervical cancer screening. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab therapy for locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer in Canada. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of the diagnosis of meniscus tears. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of the first-line therapies for nicotine dependence. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of the gen-probe amplified mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test as used routinely on smear-positive respiratory specimens. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of therapy for symptomatic carotid occlusion: PET screening before selective extracranial-to-intracranial bypass versus medical treatment. 
  • Cost-effectiveness analysis of total elbow arthroplasty versus open reduction-internal fixation for distal humeral fractures. 
  • Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of the community-based management of hypertension in Nepal study (COBIN): a retrospective analysis. 
  • Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of using methotrexate vs Goeckerman therapy for psoriasis. A pilot study. 
  • Cost-effectiveness and net benefit of enhanced treatment of depression for older adults with diabetes and depression. 
  • Cost-effectiveness as an outcome in randomized clinical trials. 
  • Cost-effectiveness considerations in the treatment of essential thrombocythemia. 
  • Cost-effectiveness evaluation of measles immunization strategies on a college campus. 
  • Cost-effectiveness models of clinical trials of new pharmaceuticals for AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: are they helpful to policy makers? 
  • Cost-effectiveness of 10-kHz spinal cord stimulation therapy compared with conventional medical management over the first 12 months of therapy for patients with nonsurgical back pain: randomized controlled trial. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of ADHD treatments: findings from the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Antenatal Corticosteroid Therapy vs No Therapy in Women at Risk of Late Preterm Delivery: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of CI in developing countries. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of CYP2C19-guided P2Y12 inhibitors in Veterans undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Contemporary Statin Use Guidelines With or Without Coronary Artery Calcium Assessment in African American Individuals. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty versus penetrating keratoplasty. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in patients older than 55 years of age. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of HLA-B*1502 genotyping in adult patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy in Singapore. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Intravitreal Ranibizumab With Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy Compared With Ranibizumab Monotherapy for Patients With Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Intravitreous Ranibizumab Compared With Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Secondary Analysis From a Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level-Guided Statin Treatment in Patients With Borderline Cardiovascular Risk. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Obesity Interventions: Will We Know It When We See It? 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Operative versus Nonoperative Treatment of Adult Symptomatic Lumbar Scoliosis an Intent-to-treat Analysis at 5-year Follow-up. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Physical Therapy vs Intra-articular Glucocorticoid Injection for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Among US Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Robotic-Assisted Prostatectomy in the UK-Are We Doing Enough? 
  • Cost-effectiveness of School Hearing Screening Programs: A Scoping Review. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Strategies for Offering Influenza Vaccine in the Pediatric Emergency Department. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Hospitalization in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of WISEWOMAN, a program aimed at reducing heart disease risk among low-income women. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of a National Telemedicine Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program in Singapore. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of a cardiovascular disease risk reduction program aimed at financially vulnerable women: the Massachusetts WISEWOMAN project. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of a potential vaccine for Coccidioides immitis. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of a potential vaccine for human papillomavirus. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of a preferred intensity exercise programme for young people with depression compared with treatment as usual: an economic evaluation alongside a clinical trial in the UK. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy in intermediate risk endometrial cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of adult lumbar scoliosis surgery: an as-treated analysis from the adult symptomatic scoliosis surgery trial with 5-year follow-up. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of alternative management strategies for patients with solitary pulmonary nodules. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies for interferon-γ release assays and tuberculin skin test in tuberculous uveitis. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of an injury and drowning prevention program in Bangladesh. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of ancrod treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: results from the Stroke Treatment with Ancrod Trial (STAT). 
  • Cost-effectiveness of antiplatelet agents in secondary stroke prevention: the limits of certainty. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of automated external defibrillators on airlines. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of bacteriuria screening before urogynecologic surgery. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty versus conservative medical management in the USA. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab and ranibizumab for newly diagnosed neovascular macular degeneration (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). 
  • Cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab and ranibizumab for newly diagnosed neovascular macular degeneration. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of botulinum toxin a versus anticholinergic medications for idiopathic urge incontinence. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of broadly neutralizing antibody prophylaxis for HIV-exposed infants in sub-Saharan African settings. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis after occupational exposure to HIV. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of collecting routine cytologic specimens during fiberoptic bronchoscopy for endoscopically visible lung tumor. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of combination thromboembolism prophylaxis in gynecologic oncology surgery. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of combination versus sequential docetaxel and carboplatin for the treatment of platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of community-based strategies for blood pressure control in a low-income developing country: findings from a cluster-randomized, factorial-controlled trial. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting plus mitral valve repair versus coronary artery bypass grafting alone for moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of coronary stenting and abciximab for patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the CADILLAC (Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications) trial. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in gynecologic oncology surgery. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of defending against bioterrorism: a comparison of vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis against anthrax. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of defibrillator therapy or amiodarone in chronic stable heart failure: results from the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT). 
  • Cost-effectiveness of diabetes treatment sequences to inform step therapy policies. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies for patients with chest pain. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of digital cognitive behavioral therapy (Sleepio) for insomnia: a Markov simulation model in the United States. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of dual-chamber pacing compared with ventricular pacing for sinus node dysfunction. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of dual-energy CT versus multiphasic single-energy CT and MRI for characterization of incidental indeterminate renal lesions. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of early palliative care intervention in recurrent platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of electrocardiography vs. electrocardiography plus limited echocardiography to diagnose LVH in young, newly identified, hypertensives. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation testing and first-line treatment with gefitinib for patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of extending cervical cancer screening intervals among women with prior normal pap tests. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of family-based group treatment for child and parental obesity. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of fetal lung maturity testing in preterm labor. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of follow-up of pulmonary nodules incidentally detected on cardiac computed tomographic angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of free HIV voluntary counseling and testing through a community-based AIDS service organization in Northern Tanzania. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) at interval debulking of epithelial ovarian cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of imatinib versus interferon-alpha plus low-dose cytarabine for patients with newly diagnosed chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients >or=65 years of age. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators relative to amiodarone for prevention of sudden cardiac death. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of improving primary care treatment of late-life depression. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of lumbar discectomy and single-level fusion for spondylolisthesis: experience with the NeuroPoint-SD registry. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of management strategies for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and inoperable malignant bowel obstruction. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of mandatory compared with voluntary screening for human immunodeficiency virus in pregnancy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of methotrexate and Goeckerman therapy: a flawed analysis. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of new-generation oral cholera vaccines: a multisite analysis. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of opportunistic salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of oral bisphosphonates for osteoporosis at different ages and levels of life expectancy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of osteo-odonto keratoprosthesis in Singapore. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of pegfilgrastim versus 6-day filgrastim primary prophylaxis in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma receiving CHOP-21 in United States. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of pegfilgrastim versus filgrastim primary prophylaxis in women with early-stage breast cancer receiving chemotherapy in the United States. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence in primary care settings: a multinational comparison. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of photodynamic therapy for high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of physical activity and exercise therapy programs for knee osteoarthritis: making the case for health plan coverage. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with eptifibatide in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of posaconazole versus fluconazole for prevention of invasive fungal infections in U.S. patients with graft-versus-host disease. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of posaconazole versus fluconazole or itraconazole in the prevention of invasive fungal infections among neutropenic patients in the United States. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of prenatal screening methods for congenital heart defects in pregnancies conceived by in-vitro fertilization. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of primary versus secondary prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim in women with early-stage breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic appendectomy: a Markov model. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic indomethacin in very-low-birth-weight infants. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis treatment strategies for febrile neutropenia in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of recombinant human activated protein C and the influence of severity of illness in the treatment of patients with severe sepsis. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of revascularization strategies: the ASCERT study. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in children under five years of age in 195 countries: A meta-regression analysis. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation versus intravesical botulinum A toxin for treatment of refractory urge incontinence. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of screening for asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of screening for proteinuria. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine in a randomized trial of treatment for chronic schizophrenia. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of sensor-augmented pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes in the United States. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of strategies to improve HIV testing and receipt of results: economic analysis of a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of sub-national geographically targeted vaccination programs: A systematic review. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of surgical treatment of adult spinal deformity: comparison of posterior-only versus anteroposterior approach. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of testing for hypercoagulability and effects on treatment strategies in patients with deep vein thrombosis. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of the 21-gene recurrence score assay in the context of multifactorial decision making to guide chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of the AHCPR guidelines for smoking. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of the clinical practice recommendations in the AHCPR guideline for smoking cessation. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of the oral adsorbent AST-120 versus placebo for chronic kidney disease. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of transesophageal echocardiography to determine the duration of therapy for intravascular catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of treatment of early stage endometrial cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of treatment strategies for cervical infection among women at high risk in Madagascar. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of treatments for adolescent depression: results from TADS. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of truncated therapy for hepatitis C based on rapid virologic response. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of ultrasound in preventing femoral venous catheter-associated pulmonary embolism. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of universal cystoscopy to identify ureteral injury at hysterectomy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of voluntary HIV screening in Russia. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of white cell-reduction filters in treatment of adult acute myelogenous leukemia. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of ximelagatran for stroke prevention. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal complications in patients with prostate cancer. 
  • Cost-utility analysis of cervical deformity surgeries using 1-year outcome. 
  • Cost-utility analysis of the cochlear implant in children. 
  • Costs and Benefits Associated With Transradial Versus Transfemoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in China. 
  • Costs and benefits of neurosurgical intervention for infant hydrocephalus in sub-Saharan Africa. 
  • Costs and consequences of universal sibling screening for vesicoureteral reflux: decision analysis. 
  • Costs and cost-effectiveness of four treatment regimens for latent tuberculosis infection. 
  • Costs and effectiveness of alternative strategies for cervical cancer screening in military beneficiaries. 
  • Costs and effectiveness of ximelagatran for stroke prophylaxis in chronic atrial fibrillation. 
  • Costs and outcomes evaluation of patient navigation after abnormal cancer screening: evidence from the Patient Navigation Research Program. 
  • Costs of a community-based glaucoma detection programme: analysis of the Philadelphia Glaucoma Detection and Treatment Project. 
  • Costs of integrating cervical cancer screening at an HIV clinic in Kenya. 
  • Costs of interventional cardiac procedures. 
  • Costs, effectiveness, and workload impact of management strategies for women with an adnexal mass. 
  • Critical concepts in cost-effectiveness for cardiovascular specialists. 
  • Crowdsourcing utility estimation for spina bifida in the general population. 
  • Current Policy and Practice for Value-Based Pricing. 
  • Current national health insurance coverage policies for breast and ovarian cancer prophylactic surgery. 
  • Current perspectives on reperfusion therapy for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: integrating pharmacologic and mechanical reperfusion strategies. 
  • Cytomegalovirus Screening in Pregnancy: A Cost-Effectiveness and Threshold Analysis. 
  • De novo establishment and cost-effectiveness of Papanicolaou cytology screening services in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 
  • Deciding Whether to Take Sacubitril/Valsartan: How Cardiologists and Patients Discuss Out-of-Pocket Costs. 
  • Decision analysis of hematopoietic growth factor use in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 
  • Decision model for the acute treatment of mania. 
  • Decision models for assessing the cost effectiveness of drug-eluting stents. 
  • Decision science and cervical cancer. 
  • Defining Value of Cancer Therapeutics-A Health System Perspective. 
  • Defining the spectrum of genome policy. 
  • Designing and implementing a comparative effectiveness study of two strategies for delivering high quality CHD prevention: methods and participant characteristics for the Heart to Health study. 
  • Detecting Germline PTEN Mutations Among At-Risk Patients With Cancer: An Age- and Sex-Specific Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • Detection of subclinical fabry disease in patients presenting with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 
  • Determination of quality of life-related utilities for health states relevant to ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment. 
  • Determining When to Add Nonstatin Therapy: A Quantitative Approach. 
  • Determining the effectiveness of Take Off Pounds Sensibly (TOPS), a nationally available nonprofit weight loss program. 
  • Developing a simplified consent form for biobanking. 
  • Development and pilot testing of computerized order entry algorithms for geriatric problems in nursing homes. 
  • Diagnostic model of esophageal varices in alcoholic liver disease. 
  • Difficulties in applying clinical trial information to the practice setting: case of a high-cost drug. 
  • Diffusion tensor tractography: exploring the cost-benefit ratio of incorporating CSF suppression into fiber tracing algorithms. 
  • Dipsticks and diagnostic algorithms in urinary tract infection: development and validation, randomised trial, economic analysis, observational cohort and qualitative study. 
  • Direct and indirect costs and potential cost savings of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding among obese patients with diabetes. 
  • Direct sampled I/Q beamforming for compact and very low-cost ultrasound imaging. 
  • Disability Weights for Pediatric Surgical Procedures: A Systematic Review and Analysis. 
  • Disease Burden Following Non-Cardioembolic Minor Ischemic Stroke or High-Risk TIA: A GWTG-Stroke Study. 
  • Dispensing home nebulizers for acute wheezing from the hospital is cost-effective. 
  • Distributed decision support using a web-based interface: prevention of sudden cardiac death. 
  • Do routine eye exams improve vision? 
  • Does Routine Posttreatment PET/CT Add Value to the Care of Women With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer? 
  • Does comparative effectiveness research promote rationing of cancer care? 
  • Does cost savings mean cost effective? 
  • Does reducing out-of-pocket costs for children's surgical care protect families from poverty in Somaliland? A cross-sectional, national, economic evaluation modelling study. 
  • Does switching to a new antipsychotic improve outcomes? Data from the CATIE Trial. 
  • Does variation in either age at start of therapy or duration of therapy make chemoprevention with finasteride cost-effective? 
  • Dollars and stents: the economics of drug-eluting stents. 
  • Dose response: intelligent rationing by physicians is the first step to a health-care system that society can afford. 
  • Drones and digital adherence monitoring for community-based tuberculosis control in remote Madagascar: A cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Early antiretroviral therapy for patients with acute aids-related opportunistic infections: a cost-effectiveness analysis of ACTG A5164. 
  • Early postpartum endometritis. Randomized comparison of ampicillin/sulbactam vs. ampicillin, gentamicin and clindamycin. 
  • Early, Goal-Directed Therapy for Septic Shock - A Patient-Level Meta-Analysis. 
  • Echocardiographic risk stratification for early surgery with endocarditis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Economic Analysis of Apixaban Therapy for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation From a US Perspective: Results From the ARISTOTLE Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Economic Analysis of Children's Surgical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis. 
  • Economic Analysis of Primary Care-Based Physical Activity Counseling in Older Men: The VA-LIFE Trial. 
  • Economic Evaluation of Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. 
  • Economic Outcomes of Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Patients With Acute Heart Failure in the REHAB-HF Trial: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Economic analysis of a tailored behavioral intervention to improve blood pressure control for primary care patients. 
  • Economic analysis of gene expression profile data to guide adjuvant treatment in women with early-stage breast cancer. 
  • Economic analysis of influenza vaccination and antiviral treatment for healthy working adults. 
  • Economic analysis of prophylactic pegfilgrastim in adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. 
  • Economic analysis of targeting chemotherapy using a 21-gene RT-PCR assay in lymph-node-negative, estrogen-receptor-positive, early-stage breast cancer. 
  • Economic analysis of the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT-3) study: costs of reperfusion strategies in acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Economic analysis of ticagrelor therapy from a U.S. perspective: results from the PLATO study. 
  • Economic and cost-effectiveness in evaluating the value of cardiovascular therapies. The impact of the cost-effectiveness study of GUSTO-1 on decision making with regard to fibrinolytic therapy. 
  • Economic and radiation costs of initial imaging approaches after a child's first febrile urinary tract infection. 
  • Economic effects of prolonged clopidogrel therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. 
  • Economic end points in phase II trials. 
  • Economic evaluation in medical information technology: why the numbers don't add up. 
  • Economic evaluation of ART in resource-limited countries. 
  • Economic evaluation of a combined microfinance and gender training intervention for the prevention of intimate partner violence in rural South Africa. 
  • Economic evaluation of access to musculoskeletal care: the case of waiting for total knee arthroplasty. 
  • Economic evaluation of direct-acting antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C. 
  • Economic evaluation of propofol and lorazepam for critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. 
  • Economic evaluation of the HF-ACTION (Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training) randomized controlled trial: an exercise training study of patients with chronic heart failure. 
  • Economic evaluation of the benefits of reducing acute cardiorespiratory morbidity associated with air pollution. 
  • Economic impact of GPIIB/IIIA blockade after high-risk angioplasty: results from the RESTORE trial. Randomized Efficacy Study of Tirofiban for Outcomes and Restenosis. 
  • Economic impact of drug-eluting stents on hospital systems: a disease-state model. 
  • Economic impact of granulopoiesis stimulating agents on the management of febrile neutropenia. 
  • Economic impact of new interventional therapies: are we asking the right questions? 
  • Economic impact of syndesmosis hardware removal. 
  • Economic implications of potential changes to regulatory and reimbursement policies for medical devices. 
  • Economic outcomes of depression screening after acute coronary syndromes: The CODIACS-QoL randomized clinical trial. 
  • Economics and cost-effectiveness in evaluating the value of cardiovascular therapies. Fundamentals of economic analysis. 
  • Economics and cost-effectiveness in evaluating the value of cardiovascular therapies. Statistical issues in cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Economics and cost-effectiveness in evaluating the value of cardiovascular therapies. Use of abciximab: comparative economic data. 
  • Economics methods in Cochrane systematic reviews of health promotion and public health related interventions. 
  • Economics, health-related quality of life, and cost-effectiveness methods for the TACTICS (Treat Angina With Aggrastat [tirofiban]] and Determine Cost of Therapy with Invasive or Conservative Strategy)-TIMI 18 trial. 
  • Editorial comment--what can models teach us about stroke treatment? Sorting out the missing bits. 
  • Editorial: Moving the QALY forward or just stuck in traffic? 
  • Effect of a tailored assistive technology intervention on older adults and their family caregiver: a pragmatic study protocol. 
  • Effect of clinical decision-support systems: a systematic review. 
  • Effect of facility on the operative costs of distal radius fractures. 
  • Effect of outpatient treatment of febrile neutropenia on the risk threshold for the use of CSF in patients with cancer treated with chemotherapy. 
  • Effect of patient reminder/recall interventions on immunization rates: A review. 
  • Effect of risk stratification on cost-effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. 
  • Effective Implementation of Enhanced Recovery Pathway Programs: The Key to Disseminating Evidence into Practice. 
  • Effectively identifying the inpatient with hyperglycemia to increase patient care and lower costs. 
  • Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of incentives as a tool for prevention of non-communicable diseases: A systematic review. 
  • Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of strategies to expand antiretroviral therapy in St. Petersburg, Russia. 
  • Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of thrombolysis in submassive pulmonary embolism. 
  • Effectiveness of a critical care nursing course: preparing students for practice in critical care. 
  • Effectiveness of a postoperative disposition protocol for sleep apnea surgery. 
  • Effectiveness of an innovative and comprehensive eye care model for individuals in residential care facilities: results of the residential ocular care (ROC) multicentred randomised controlled trial. 
  • Effectiveness of an on-site health clinic at a self-insured university: a cost-benefit analysis. 
  • Effectiveness of psychological treatments for depression and alcohol use disorder delivered by community-based counsellors: two pragmatic randomised controlled trials within primary healthcare in Nepal. 
  • Effectiveness of school food environment policies on children's dietary behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women--2011 update: a guideline from the american heart association. 
  • Effects of Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome on Quality of Life and Economic Outcomes. 
  • Effects of advanced nursing care on quality of life and cost outcomes of women diagnosed with breast cancer. 
  • Effects of family history and genetic polymorphism on the cost-effectiveness of chemoprevention with finasteride for prostate cancer. 
  • Effects of indirect and additional direct costs on the risk threshold for prophylaxis with colony-stimulating factors in patients at risk for severe neutropenia from cancer chemotherapy. 
  • Effects of stroke on medical resource use and costs in acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO I Investigators. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries Study. 
  • Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an outcall program to reduce carer burden and depression among carers of cancer patients [PROTECT]: rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Efficacy assessment criteria based on risk and cost. 
  • Efficacy of hepatitis B screening in a private obstetrical population. 
  • Efficient, Cost-Effective, High-Throughput, Multilocus Sequencing Typing (MLST) Method, NGMLST, and the Analytical Software Program MLSTEZ. 
  • Einstein on willingness to pay per QALY: is there a better way? 
  • Eliciting stated preferences for health-technology adoption criteria using paired comparisons and recommendation judgments. 
  • Embedding clinical interventions into observational studies. 
  • Emerging treatment of acute coronary syndromes with platelet glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors. 
  • Empiric antibiotic treatment of erythema migrans-like skin lesions as a function of geography: a clinical and cost effectiveness modeling study. 
  • Empirical estimation of life expectancy from large clinical trials: use of left-truncated, right-censored survival analysis methodology. 
  • Endoscopic Balloon Dilation Is Cost-Effective for Crohn's Disease Strictures. 
  • Endoscopic Devices for Obesity. 
  • Epidemiology and screening for prostate cancer. 
  • Essential surgery: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition. 
  • Estimated Monetary Value of Future Research Clarifying Uncertainties Around the Optimal Adult Hearing Screening Schedule. 
  • Estimating Cost-effectiveness of a Multimodal Ovarian Cancer Screening Program in the United States: Secondary Analysis of the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS). 
  • Estimating the Cost of Neurosurgical Procedures in a Low-Income Setting: An Observational Economic Analysis. 
  • Estimating the Societal Benefits of THA After Accounting for Work Status and Productivity: A Markov Model Approach. 
  • Estimating the impacts of conservation on ecosystem services and poverty by integrating modeling and evaluation. 
  • Estimating utility values for vesicoureteral reflux in the general public using an online tool. 
  • Ethnic and geographic diversity of stone disease. 
  • Evaluating cost-effectiveness of preevaluation client contacts. 
  • Evaluating meniscus allograft transplant using a cost-effectiveness threshold analysis. 
  • Evaluating the use and utility of noninvasive angiography in diagnosing traumatic blunt cerebrovascular injury. 
  • Evaluation of a Hospital-Based Pneumonia Nurse Navigator Program. 
  • Evaluation of a workplace hemochromatosis screening program. 
  • Evaluation of cervical cytology. 
  • Evaluation of public health demonstration programs: the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of WISEWOMAN. 
  • Evaluation of the Financial and Health Burden of Infants at Risk for Respiratory Syncytial Virus. 
  • Evaluation of the patient with nontraumatic headache: an evidence based approach. 
  • Evaluation of ventricular arrhythmias in early clinical pharmacology trials and potential consequences for later development. 
  • Evidence-based guidelines are equivalent to a liberal computed tomography scan protocol for initial patient evaluation but are associated with decreased computed tomography scan use, cost, and radiation exposure. 
  • Examining the evidence on the causal effect of HAART on transmission of HIV using the Bradford Hill criteria. 
  • Expanding Access: Cost-effectiveness of Cochlear Implantation and Deaf Education in Asia. 
  • Exploring options for improving healthcare. 
  • Exploring the role of order effects in person trade-off elicitations. 
  • Exposure of difficult left hilum in bilateral sequential lung transplantation. 
  • Extended and standard duration weight-loss programme referrals for adults in primary care (WRAP): a randomised controlled trial. 
  • Extended-Duration Thromboprophylaxis Among Acute Medically Ill Patients: An Unmet Need. 
  • Extending Delivery Coverage to Include Prenatal Care for Low-Income, Immigrant Women Is a Cost-Effective Strategy. 
  • Extensive investigation of patients with mild elevations of serum amylase and/or lipase is 'low yield'. 
  • FDA review vouchers. 
  • Factors Associated With Progression to Surgical Intervention for Lumbar Disc Herniation in the Military Health System. 
  • Feasibility randomised multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy controlled trial of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist versus intramuscular methylprednisolone for acute gout attacks in patients with chronic kidney disease (ASGARD): protocol study. 
  • Feasibility, Acceptability, and Potential Cost-Effectiveness of a Novel Mobile Phone Intervention to Promote Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Within Social Networks in Tanzania. 
  • Financial Toxicity of Cancer Care: It's Time to Intervene. 
  • Financial comparative analysis of minimally invasive surgery to open surgery for localized prostate cancer: a single-institution experience. 
  • Financial implications of New York City's weight management initiative. 
  • Financial implications of coverage for laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. 
  • Financial toxicity, Part II: how can we help with the burden of treatment-related costs? 
  • Fiscal implications of newborn screening in the diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency. 
  • Free-riding and the prisoner's dilemma: problems in funding economic analyses of phase III cancer clinical trials. 
  • Frequency and intensity of postoperative surveillance after curative treatment of pancreatic cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Functional Incidental Training: applicability and feasibility in the Veterans Affairs nursing home patient population. 
  • Future Directions for Cost-effectiveness Analyses in Health and Medicine. 
  • GDP Matters: Cost Effectiveness of Cochlear Implantation and Deaf Education in Sub-Saharan Africa. 
  • Gadoxetate-enhanced abbreviated MRI is highly accurate for hepatocellular carcinoma screening. 
  • Genomics identifies medulloblastoma subgroups that are enriched for specific genetic alterations. 
  • Geriatric health: need to make it an essential element of primary health care. 
  • Geriatric rehabilitation: state of the art. 
  • Good research practices for cost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trials: the ISPOR RCT-CEA Task Force report. 
  • Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. 
  • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjunct therapy in relapsed lymphoid malignancy: implications for economic analyses of phase III clinical trials. 
  • Group B Streptococci Screening Before Repeat Cesarean Delivery: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • Group physical therapy for veterans with knee osteoarthritis: study design and methodology. 
  • Growth factors during HCV therapy may be "cost-effective", but are they "effective"? 
  • Guidelines for carotid endarterectomy. A multidisciplinary consensus statement from the Ad Hoc Committee, American Heart Association. 
  • Guidelines for carotid endarterectomy. A multidisciplinary consensus statement from the ad hoc Committee, American Heart Association. 
  • Guidelines for the use of intravenous thrombolytic agents in acute myocardial infarction. Ontario Medical Association Consensus Group on Thrombolytic Therapy. 
  • Guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network on the use of myeloid growth factors with cancer chemotherapy: a review of the evidence. 
  • HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. 
  • HIV preexposure prophylaxis in the United States: impact on lifetime infection risk, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. 
  • HIV/AIDS, human rights, and transgender people in Latin America. 
  • HPV-based cervical cancer screening in low-resource settings: Maximizing the efficiency of community-based strategies in rural Kenya. 
  • HRS/ACCF expert consensus statement on pacemaker device and mode selection. 
  • Haloperidol for postoperative nausea and vomiting: are we reinventing the wheel? 
  • Hand Sanitizer as an Alternative to Ultrasound Transmission Gel. 
  • Health and economic outcomes of newborn screening for infantile-onset Pompe disease. 
  • Health benefits and economic advantages associated with increased utilization of a smoking cessation program. 
  • Health economics of screening for gynaecological cancers. 
  • Health policy in stroke: translating what we know into what we do. 
  • Health psychology: what will the future bring? 
  • Healthcare cost differences with participation in a community-based group physical activity benefit for medicare managed care health plan members. 
  • Healthcare reform for imagers: finding a way forward now. 
  • Healthcare resource utilization in patients receiving idarucizumab for reversal of dabigatran anticoagulation due to major bleeding, urgent surgery, or procedural interventions: interim results from the RE-VERSE AD™ study. 
  • Heller myotomy vs Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication: cost-utility analysis of a randomized trial. 
  • Hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients. 
  • Hemopoietic reserve in the older cancer patient: clinical and economic considerations. 
  • Hepatitis B virus vaccine. An analysis of its potential use in medical workers. 
  • Herpes Zoster Vaccination: Controversies and Common Clinical Questions. 
  • High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation at 10 kHz for the Treatment of Nonsurgical Refractory Back Pain: Design of a Pragmatic, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial. 
  • High-Suspicion Subcentimeter Thyroid Nodules: Cost Effectiveness of Active Surveillance versus Fine Needle Aspiration. 
  • Hip Fractures in Older Adults in 2019. 
  • Holding GUSTO up to the light. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries. 
  • Home health care: house calls revisited. 
  • Hospital pharmacy decisions, cost containment, and the use of cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • How Should We Estimate the Cost-effectiveness of Interventions That Affect Reproduction? 
  • How Should We Intervene on the Financial Toxicity of Cancer Care? One Shot, Four Perspectives. 
  • How can modeling best contribute to the assessment of secondary stroke prevention strategies? 
  • How long and how well: oncologists' attitudes toward the relative value of life-prolonging v. quality of life-enhancing treatments. 
  • How much are patients willing to pay to avoid postoperative nausea and vomiting? 
  • How much is another randomized trial of lymph node dissection in endometrial cancer worth? A value of information analysis. 
  • How well does early-career investigators' cardiovascular outcomes research training align with funded outcomes research? 
  • Human papillomavirus testing with Pap triage for cervical cancer prevention in Canada: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Hydrogen peroxide instillations into the urinary drainage bag: should we or shouldn't we? 
  • Hypertension Improvement Project (HIP): study protocol and implementation challenges. 
  • Hypothetical bias, cheap talk, and stated willingness to pay for health care. 
  • Hysterectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy in the setting of pre-operative diagnosis of endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia: A cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • I-CARE randomized clinical trial integrating depression and acute coronary syndrome care in low-resource hospitals in China: Design and rationale. 
  • Imaging biomarker roadmap for cancer studies. 
  • Imaging techniques for diagnosis of infective endocarditis. 
  • Imaging-guided core biopsies in the breast. 
  • Impact of Gene Patents and Licensing Practices on Access to Genetic Testing for Cystic Fibrosis 
  • Impact of Insurance Provider on Overall Costs in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Cost Study of 122,827 Patients. 
  • Impact of Patents and Licensing Practices on Access to Genetic Testing for Inherited Susceptibility to Cancer: Comparing Breast and Ovarian Cancers to Colon Cancers 
  • Impact of a 21-gene RT-PCR assay on treatment decisions in early-stage breast cancer: an economic analysis based on prognostic and predictive validation studies. 
  • Impact of a Copayment Reduction Intervention on Medication Persistence and Cardiovascular Events in Hospitals With and Without Prior Medication Financial Assistance Programs. 
  • Impact of a chemoresponse assay on treatment costs for recurrent ovarian cancer. 
  • Impact of a randomized, controlled trial of liberal vs conservative hospital discharge criteria on energy, protein, and fluid intake in patients who received marrow transplants. 
  • Impact of advance care planning on the care of patients with heart failure: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Impact of antipsychotic medication on family burden in schizophrenia: longitudinal results of CATIE trial. 
  • Impact of cochlear implants on the functional health status of older adults. 
  • Impact of cost valuation on cost-effectiveness in adult spine deformity surgery. 
  • Impact of coverage-dependent marginal costs on optimal HPV vaccination strategies. 
  • Impact of the national hepatitis B immunization program in China: a modeling study. 
  • Impact of the revised american academy of ophthalmology guidelines regarding hydroxychloroquine screening on actual practice. 
  • Implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Israel: utilization and implantation trends. 
  • Implementation and evaluation of the VA DPP clinical demonstration: protocol for a multi-site non-randomized hybrid effectiveness-implementation type III trial. 
  • Implementation findings from a hybrid III implementation-effectiveness trial of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). 
  • Implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus infection: progress and emerging issues in research and policy. 
  • Implications of pharmacogenomics for drug development and clinical practice. 
  • Implications of practice setting on clinical outcomes and efficiency of care in the delivery of physical therapy services. 
  • Importance of cost and quality of life in decisions about routine angiography after acute myocardial infarction. The role of cost-effectiveness models. 
  • Improved near-term coronary artery disease risk classification with gated stress myocardial perfusion SPECT. 
  • Improvement of cardiovascular risk prediction: time to review current knowledge, debates, and fundamentals on how to assess test characteristics. 
  • Improvements in Outcomes and Cost After Adult Spinal Deformity Corrective Surgery Between 2008 and 2019. 
  • Improvements in prostate radiotherapy from the customization of beam directions. 
  • Improving NCCN guideline-adherent care for ovarian cancer: Value of an intervention. 
  • Improving eye care in residential aged care facilities using the Residential Ocular Care (ROC) model: study protocol for a multicentered, prospective, customized, and cluster randomized controlled trial in Australia. 
  • Improving primary care for depression in late life: the design of a multicenter randomized trial. 
  • Improving the sensitivity of cervical cytology: what are the issues? 
  • Improving value measurement in cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • In a survey, marked inconsistency in how oncologists judged value of high-cost cancer drugs in relation to gains in survival. 
  • In situ monitoring of health in older adults: technologies and issues. 
  • In-hospital resource use and medical costs in the last year of life by mode of death (from the HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial). 
  • Incorporating societal concerns for fairness in numerical valuations of health programmes. 
  • Increased mortality at low-volume orthotopic heart transplantation centers: should current standards change? 
  • Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Screening Strategies in Singapore. 
  • Incremental and average cost-effectiveness ratios: will physicians make a distinction? 
  • Incremental cost-effectiveness of evidence-based non-surgical weight loss strategies. 
  • Incremental cost-utility analysis of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty compared with penetrating keratoplasty for the treatment of keratoconus. 
  • Incremental cost-utility of sevelamer relative to calcium carbonate for treatment of hyperphosphatemia among pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. 
  • Incremental healthcare resource utilization and costs for patients with cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States. 
  • Individual utilities are inconsistent with rationing choices: A partial explanation of why Oregon's cost-effectiveness list failed. 
  • Induction of Labor versus Scheduled Cesarean in Morbidly Obese Women: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • Infliximab for the treatment of adults with psoriasis. 
  • Influence of timing of seasonal influenza vaccination on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in pregnancy. 
  • Inhaled Nitric Oxide (iNO) and Inhaled Epoprostenol (iPGI2) Use in Cardiothoracic Surgical Patients: Is there Sufficient Evidence for Evidence-Based Recommendations? 
  • Insurance Status, Not Race, is Associated With Use of Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach for Rectal Cancer. 
  • Integrated screening and treatment services for HIV, hypertension and diabetes in Kenya: assessing the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness from a national and regional perspective. 
  • Integrating technology into health care: what will it take? 
  • International price comparisons for novel and follow-on drugs. 
  • Internet-based vestibular rehabilitation for adults aged 50 years and over: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. 
  • Intracoronary brachytherapy: time to sell short? 
  • Introduction of the Tools for Economic Analysis of Patient Management Interventions in Heart Failure Costing Tool: a user-friendly spreadsheet program to estimate costs of providing patient-centered interventions. 
  • Investing in late-stage clinical trials and manufacturing of product candidates for five major infectious diseases: a modelling study of the benefits and costs of investment in three middle-income countries. 
  • Is Advanced Imaging to Assess Rotator Cuff Integrity Before Shoulder Arthroplasty Cost-effective? A Decision Modeling Study. 
  • Is Burch colposuspension ever cost-effective compared with tension-free vaginal tape for stress incontinence? 
  • Is a third-trimester antibody screen in Rh+ women necessary? 
  • Is bronchial thermoplasty cost-effective as treatment for problematic asthma patients? Singapore's perspective on a global model. 
  • Is colorectal cancer surveillance cost-effective in patients with ulcerative colitis? 
  • Is it reasonable to administer pegfilgrastim on day 1 of a myelosuppressive chemotherapy regimen? A cost-utility analysis. 
  • Is the use of t-PA as compared with streptokinase cost effective? 
  • Is weekly iron and folic acid supplementation as effective as daily supplementation for decreasing incidence of anemia in adolescent girls? 
  • Ischemic burden, treatment allocation, and outcomes in stable coronary artery disease. 
  • Issues of cost-effectiveness in the use of antithrombotic therapy for ischemic heart disease. 
  • Issues with implementing a high-quality lung cancer screening program. 
  • Jump starting shared medical appointments for diabetes with weight management: Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Justifying echocardiography: the role of outcomes research in evaluating a diagnostic test. 
  • Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer: a favorable opinion. 
  • Laparoscopic colon resection for cancer--a favorable view. 
  • Laparoscopic colon resection for cancer. 
  • Laser-induced fluorescence for esophageal cancer and dysplasia diagnosis. 
  • Late safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of a zotarolimus-eluting stent compared with a paclitaxel-eluting stent in patients with de novo coronary lesions: 2-year follow-up from the ENDEAVOR IV trial (Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Medtronic Endeavor Drug [ABT-578] Eluting Coronary Stent System Versus the Taxus Paclitaxel-Eluting Coronary Stent System in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions). 
  • Lay Health Worker-Led Cancer Symptom Screening Intervention and the Effect on Patient-Reported Satisfaction, Health Status, Health Care Use, and Total Costs: Results From a Tri-Part Collaboration. 
  • Lessons from the Swedish health care system. 
  • Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device as an Endometrial Cancer Prevention Strategy in Obese Women: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • Levosimendan in patients with reduced left ventricular function undergoing isolated coronary or valve surgery. 
  • Life-saving treatments and disabilities. Are all QALYs created equal? 
  • Life-sustaining therapy. A model for appropriate use. 
  • Lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis of ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the PLATO trial: a Singapore healthcare perspective. 
  • Lifetime cost-effectiveness simulation of once-weekly exenatide in type 2 diabetes: A cost-utility analysis based on the EXSCEL trial. 
  • Local pattern classification differentiates processes of economic valuation. 
  • Long-term Cost Utility of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. 
  • Long-term Cost-effectiveness in the Veterans Affairs Open vs Endovascular Repair Study of Aortic Abdominal Aneurysm: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Long-term clinical and economic analysis of the Endeavor drug-eluting stent versus the Driver bare-metal stent: 4-year results from the ENDEAVOR II trial (Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Medtronic AVE ABT-578 Eluting Driver Coronary Stent in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions). 
  • Long-term clinical and economic analysis of the Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stent versus the cypher sirolimus-eluting stent: 3-year results from the ENDEAVOR III trial (Randomized Controlled Trial of the Medtronic Endeavor Drug [ABT-578] Eluting Coronary Stent System Versus the Cypher Sirolimus-Eluting Coronary Stent System in De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions). 
  • Long-term healthcare and cost outcomes of disease management in a large, randomized, community-based population with heart failure. 
  • Longitudinal medical resources and costs among type 2 diabetes patients participating in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS). 
  • Low doses vs. high doses of the angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor lisinopril in chronic heart failure: a cost-effectiveness analysis based on the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival (ATLAS) study. The ATLAS Study Group. 
  • Low yield in the diagnostic evaluation of transient ischemic attacks. 
  • Low-molecular-weight heparins compared with unfractionated heparin for treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis. A cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Lung Cancer Screening, Version 3.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. 
  • Lung volume reduction surgery for the management of refractory dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
  • Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer. 
  • Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node dissection compared to complete lymphadenectomy in the management of early-stage vulvar cancer: A cost-utility analysis. 
  • Maintenance Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Therapy for Ovarian Cancer: Precision Oncology or One Size Fits All? 
  • Making it happen: managed care considerations in vanquishing hepatitis C. 
  • Managed behavioral health care: a Medicaid carve-out for youth. 
  • Management of bronchiolitis in infants and children. 
  • Management of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: measuring quality, cost, and value. 
  • Management of hypertension and multiple risk factors to enhance cardiovascular health in Singapore: The SingHypertension cluster randomized trial. 
  • Management of platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Management of prolonged pregnancy. 
  • Management of the child with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and supraventricular tachycardia: model for cost effectiveness. 
  • Management of uterine fibroids. 
  • Management strategies for Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser related vaginal agenesis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Massive transfusion exceeding 50 units of blood products in trauma patients. 
  • Mathematical model for the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinogenesis. 
  • Maximizing the cost benefit of physics residency interview. 
  • Measuring Success: Cost-Effectiveness and Expanding Access to Cochlear Implantation. 
  • Measuring activities in clinical trials using random work sampling: implications for cost-effectiveness analysis and measurement of the intervention. 
  • Measuring the benefit and value of services. 
  • Measuring use and cost of care for patients with mood disorders: the utilization and cost inventory. 
  • Medial Unicompartmental Arthroplasty of the Knee. 
  • Medical care costs and quality of life after randomization to coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery. Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators. 
  • Medical costs and quality of life 10 to 12 years after randomization to angioplasty or bypass surgery for multivessel coronary artery disease. 
  • Medical economics and the assessment of value in cardiovascular medicine: Part I. 
  • Medical economics and the assessment of value in cardiovascular medicine: Part II. 
  • Medicare utilization, screening, and costs among participants in the Southeastern Diabetes Initiative: A population-based evaluation. 
  • Medication treatment for the severely and persistently mentally ill: the Texas Medication Algorithm Project. 
  • Meeting report ESC forum on drug eluting stents, European Heart House, Nice, 27-28 September 2007. 
  • Melanoma quality of life: pilot study using utility measurements. 
  • Met and Unmet Need for Pediatric Surgical Access in Uganda: A Country-Wide Prospective Analysis. 
  • Meta- and cost-effectiveness analysis of commercial weight loss strategies. 
  • Metabolic syndrome: evaluation of pathological and therapeutic outcomes. 
  • Microbial colonization of electrocardiographic telemetry systems before and after cleaning. 
  • Mini Review of the Cost-Effectiveness of Unilateral Osseointegrated Implants in Adults: Possibly Cost-Effective for the Correct Indication. 
  • Model-Projected Cost-Effectiveness of Adult Hearing Screening in the USA. 
  • Modeling Emergency Department crowding: Restoring the balance between demand for and supply of emergency medicine. 
  • Modeling for health care and other policy decisions: uses, roles, and validity. 
  • Modeling the Scale-up of Surgical Services for Children with Surgically Treatable Congenital Conditions in Somaliland. 
  • Modern applications of ureteroscopy for intrarenal stone disease. 
  • Mohs micrographic surgery vs traditional surgical excision: a cost comparison analysis. 
  • Mohs versus traditional surgical excision for facial and auricular nonmelanoma skin cancer: an analysis of cost-effectiveness. 
  • Monitored isoniazid prophylaxis for low-risk tuberculin reactors older than 35 years of age: a risk-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Monitoring the world's agriculture. 
  • Mortality reduction and cost-effectiveness of performing hysterectomy at the time of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy for prophylaxis against serous/serous-like uterine cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers. 
  • Mothers' preferences and willingness to pay for vaccinating daughters against human papillomavirus. 
  • Moving Beyond GDP: Cost Effectiveness of Cochlear Implantation and Deaf Education in Latin America. 
  • Multicomponent intervention versus usual care for management of hypertension in rural Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. 
  • Multinational economic evaluation of valsartan in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). 
  • Multiprojection correlation imaging for improved detection of pulmonary nodules. 
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes, version 2.2015. 
  • Myeloid growth factors. 
  • NIH and cost-effectiveness studies for imaging. 
  • National Cancer Institute Patient Navigation Research Program: methods, protocol, and measures. 
  • Natriuretic peptide-guided heart failure management. 
  • Necessity of hospitalization and stress testing in low risk chest pain patients. 
  • Neuromarketing: the hope and hype of neuroimaging in business. 
  • New directions in research on assertive community treatment. 
  • New horizons in stroke rehabilitation research. 
  • New medical technologies in a cost containment environment: Implantable antitachyarrhythmia devices. 
  • Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Quo Vadis? 
  • Newer drugs and earlier treatment: impact on lifetime cost of care for HIV-infected adults. 
  • Next generation multilocus sequence typing (NGMLST) and the analytical software program MLSTEZ enable efficient, cost-effective, high-throughput, multilocus sequencing typing. 
  • Novel Approaches to Value Assessment Beyond the Cost-Effectiveness Framework. 
  • Obstetrician-gynecologist as primary care provider. 
  • Obstructed labor and caesarean delivery: the cost and benefit of surgical intervention. 
  • On-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a multisite trial. 
  • Oncology payment reform to achieve real health care reform. 
  • Oocyte cryopreservation versus ovarian tissue cryopreservation for adult female oncofertility patients: a cost-effectiveness study. 
  • Operations and pelvic muscle training in the management of apical support loss (OPTIMAL) trial: design and methods. 
  • Optimism, Pessimism, and Pragmatism: Musings on the Cost of Medical Innovation. 
  • Optimizing delivery of a behavioral pain intervention in cancer patients using a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial SMART. 
  • Optimizing linkage and retention to hypertension care in rural Kenya (LARK hypertension study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Outcomes and cost-effectiveness of initiating dialysis and continuing aggressive care in seriously ill hospitalized adults. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. 
  • Outcomes and costs within a disease management program for advanced congestive heart failure. 
  • Outcomes at 1 year and economic implications of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade in patients undergoing coronary stenting: results from a multicentre randomised trial. EPISTENT Investigators. Evaluation of Platelet IIb/IIIa Inhibitor for Stenting. 
  • Outcomes following vaginal prolapse repair and mid urethral sling (OPUS) trial--design and methods. 
  • Outcomes research and emergency medical services for children: domains, challenges, and opportunities. 
  • Outcomes-Based CV Imaging Research Endpoints and Trial Design: From Pixels to Patient Satisfaction. 
  • Outside the operating room--economic, regulatory, and legal challenges: a collection of perspectives and panel discussion. 
  • Overview of Cost-effectiveness Analysis. 
  • Overview of first-line amikacin therapy for urologic infections. 
  • PET/CT of cancer patients: part 1, pancreatic neoplasms. 
  • PRImary care Streptococcal Management (PRISM) study: in vitro study, diagnostic cohorts and a pragmatic adaptive randomised controlled trial with nested qualitative study and cost-effectiveness study. 
  • PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of chest pain: rationale and design of the PROMISE trial. 
  • Palliative Care Version 1.2016. 
  • Palliative and hospice care in gynecologic cancer: a review. 
  • Palliative services enhance the quality and value of gynecologic cancer care. 
  • Panic disorder and social phobia: current treatments and new strategies. 
  • Parenchymal-sparing Hepatectomy as the New Doctrine in the Treatment of Liver-metastatic Colorectal Disease: Beyond Oncological Outcomes. 
  • Patient-centered adherence intervention after acute coronary syndrome hospitalization. 
  • Pay-for-performance: toxic to quality? Insights from behavioral economics. 
  • Perceptions of Equipoise, Risk-Benefit Ratios, and "Otherwise Healthy Volunteers" in the Context of Early-Phase HIV Cure Research in the United States: A Qualitative Inquiry. 
  • Percutaneous coronary revascularisation: is it ever worth what it costs? 
  • Percutaneous liver biopsy: a cost-benefit analysis comparing sonographic and CT guidance. 
  • Performing a cost-effectiveness analysis: surveillance of patients with ulcerative colitis. 
  • Performing cost-effectiveness analysis by integrating randomized trial data with a comprehensive decision model: application to treatment of acute ischemic stroke. 
  • Perinatal screening for group B streptococci: cost-benefit analysis of rapid polymerase chain reaction. 
  • Personality strengths in romantic relationships: Measuring perceptions of benefits and costs and their impact on personal and relational well-being. 
  • Pharmaceutical interventions for obesity: a public health perspective. 
  • Pharmacoeconomic analysis of sertraline treatment of depression in patients with unstable angina or a recent myocardial infarction. 
  • Pharmacoeconomics and the formulary decision-making process. 
  • Pharmacoeconomics of atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention. 
  • Pharmacoeconomics of the myeloid growth factors: a critical and systematic review. 
  • Pharmacotherapy of postoperative nausea and vomiting. 
  • Physicians' beliefs and U.S. health care reform--a national survey. 
  • Platelet-rich plasma vs. corticosteroid injections for the treatment of recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis: a cost-effectiveness Markov decision analysis. 
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: are 3 doses equal to 4 doses? 
  • Policy rounds: a new series and a call for papers. 
  • Polydrug-using adolescent mothers and their infants receiving early intervention. 
  • Population impact of a high cardiovascular risk management program delivered by village doctors in rural China: design and rationale of a large, cluster-randomized controlled trial. 
  • Population-based clinical decision support: a clinical and economic evaluation. 
  • Post-procedure heparin: boon or burden? 
  • Posttraumatic stress disorder: diagnosis and epidemiology, comorbidity and social consequences, biology and treatment. 
  • Potential Cost-effectiveness of Early Identification of Hospital-acquired Infection in Critically Ill Patients. 
  • Potential cost-effectiveness of prophylactic use of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator or amiodarone after myocardial infarction. 
  • Potential economic viability of two proposed rifapentine-based regimens for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. 
  • Potential health and economic impact of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to screening programs. 
  • Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Infectious Diseases Society of America. 
  • Pragmatic clinical trials embedded in healthcare systems: generalizable lessons from the NIH Collaboratory. 
  • Pre- Versus Post-Procedure Health Care Resource Utilization in Patients Undergoing Commercial Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair. 
  • Predictors of high cost after bariatric surgery: A single institution review. 
  • Preference weights for chemotherapy side effects from the perspective of women with breast cancer. 
  • Preference-based measures in dermatology: an overview of utilities and willingness to pay. 
  • Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy is cost-effective, shortens treatment time, and reduces the risk of failed embryo transfer and clinical miscarriage. 
  • Preoperative Imaging Findings and Cost in Adults With Postlingual Deafness Prior to Cochlear Implant. 
  • Preoperative determinants of postoperative costs associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 
  • Preoperative endocrine tumor localization utilizing a cost-effective approach. 
  • Prevalence of HIV infection among inpatients and outpatients in Department of Veterans Affairs health care systems: implications for screening programs for HIV. 
  • Preventing tomorrow's sudden cardiac death today: part II: Translating sudden cardiac death risk assessment strategies into practice and policy. 
  • Pricing and promotion effects on low-fat vending snack purchases: the CHIPS Study. 
  • Primary surgery versus chemoradiation in the treatment of IB2 cervical carcinoma: a cost effectiveness analysis. 
  • Primary vs secondary prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim for the reduction of febrile neutropenia risk in patients receiving chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: cost-effectiveness analyses. 
  • Principal/agent theory and decision making in health care. 
  • Principles of screening for chronic kidney disease. 
  • Proactive population health management in the context of a regional health information exchange using standards-based decision support. 
  • Procedure Delegation by Attending Surgeons Performing Concurrent Operations in Academic Medical Centers: Balancing Safety and Efficiency. 
  • Process improvement in surgery. 
  • Prolonged mechanical ventilation is even more expensive. 
  • Prophylaxis after sexual exposure to HIV. 
  • Prophylaxis after sexual exposure to HIV. 
  • Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitor Therapy-Breakthrough in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering, Breakdown in Value. 
  • Prostate Cancer Detection Rate of Freehand versus 3-Dimensional Template Mapping Biopsy Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Ultrasound Fusion Device in Biopsy Naïve Men. 
  • Pruning the regulatory tree. 
  • Public health law in India: a framework for its application as a tool for social change. 
  • Public preferences for interventions to prevent emerging infectious disease threats: a discrete choice experiment. 
  • Public response to cost-quality tradeoffs in clinical decisions. 
  • Qualitative evaluation of South Carolina's Postpartum/Infant Home Visit program. 
  • Quality assessment of economic analyses in pediatric urology. 
  • Quality of Life and Cost-Effectiveness of Cochlear Implants: A Narrative Review. 
  • Quality of life after late invasive therapy for occluded arteries. 
  • Quantifying the utility of taking pills for cardiovascular prevention. 
  • Radiology knowledge in new medical graduates in New Zealand. 
  • Radiosurgery, cost-effectiveness, gold standards, the scientific method, cavalier cowboys, and the cost of hope. 
  • Randomised controlled feasibility trial of a web-based weight management intervention with nurse support for obese patients in primary care. 
  • Randomised controlled trial and economic analysis of an internet-based weight management programme: POWeR+ (Positive Online Weight Reduction). 
  • Randomised trials of secondary prevention programmes in coronary heart disease: systematic review. 
  • Randomized comparison of the cost and effectiveness of iopamidol and diatrizoate as contrast agents for cardiac angiography. 
  • Randomized controlled trial of an education-based intervention to improve medication adherence: Design considerations in the medication adherence in glaucoma to improve care study. 
  • Randomized trial of 5 dollars versus 10 dollars monetary incentives, envelope size, and candy to increase physician response rates to mailed questionnaires. 
  • Rationale and design of the Home Automatic External Defibrillator Trial (HAT). 
  • Rationale and design of the OPTIME CHF trial: outcomes of a prospective trial of intravenous milrinone for exacerbations of chronic heart failure. 
  • Rationale for immediate reconstruction of the breast following modified radical mastectomy. 
  • Rationale, design, and baseline data for a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing depression screening strategies after acute coronary syndrome: The comparison of depression identification after acute Coronary Syndromes-Quality of Life and Cost Outcomes (CODIACS-QOL) trial. 
  • Real-world cost-effectiveness of anti-VEGF monotherapy and combination therapy for the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. 
  • Recommendations for Conduct, Methodological Practices, and Reporting of Cost-effectiveness Analyses: Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. 
  • Recommendations for the conduct of economic evaluations in osteoporosis: outcomes of an experts' consensus meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) and the US branch of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. 
  • Reducing Hospital Readmissions via Optimization of Emergency Department Care. 
  • Reducing case ascertainment costs in U.S. population studies of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive impairment-Part 1. 
  • Reducing ovarian cancer mortality through screening: Is it possible, and can we afford it? 
  • Reducing the energy penalty costs of postcombustion CCS systems with amine-storage. 
  • Reflex Estrogen Receptor (ER) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) Analysis of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) in Breast Needle Core Biopsy Specimens: An Unnecessary Exercise That Costs the United States $35 Million/y. 
  • Regulatory and cost barriers are likely to limit biosimilar development and expected savings in the near future. 
  • Relation of Elevated Heart Rate in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction to One-Year Outcomes and Costs. 
  • Relationship of cognition and psychopathology to functional impairment in schizophrenia. 
  • Relationship of self-reported prior testing history to undiagnosed HIV positivity and HIV risk. 
  • Relative cost-effectiveness of treatments for adolescent depression: 36-week results from the TADS randomized trial. 
  • Relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of methods of androgen suppression in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. 
  • Relative effectiveness and safety of chemotherapy in elderly and nonelderly patients with stage III colon cancer: a systematic review. 
  • Relative inefficiencies in production between solo and group practice physicians. 
  • Remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillators versus quarterly device interrogations in clinic: results from a randomized pilot clinical trial. 
  • Renal colic. Utility of the plain abdominal roentgenogram. 
  • Report of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum on the July 20, 2016 meeting of the Medicare Evidence Development and Coverage Advisory Committee panel on lower extremity chronic venous disease. 
  • Research on HIV cure: Mapping the ethics landscape. 
  • Research on field-based services: models for reform in the delivery of mental health care to populations with complex clinical problems. 
  • Residency is not a race: our ten-year experience with a flexible schedule residency training option. 
  • Resource utilization and costs in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. 
  • Results of more than 11,000 scans with weightbearing CT - Impact on costs, radiation exposure, and procedure time. 
  • Retrieval in a Computer-assisted Pathology Encoding and Reporting System (CAPER). 
  • Retrospective analysis of community hospital red blood cell recovery procedures: improved utilization needed for effectiveness. 
  • Return on Investment in Implantable Devices: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Mildly Symptomatic Heart Failure. 
  • Revising a priority list based on cost-effectiveness: the role of the prominence effect and distorted utility judgments. 
  • Revision lumbar surgery in elderly patients with symptomatic pseudarthrosis, adjacent-segment disease, or same-level recurrent stenosis. Part 2. A cost-effectiveness analysis: clinical article. 
  • Risk assessment and economic impact analysis of the implementation of new European legislation on radiopharmaceuticals in Italy: the case of the new monograph chapter Compounding of Radiopharmaceuticals (PHARMEUROPA, Vol. 23, No. 4, October 2011). 
  • Risk assessment in oncology clinical practice. From risk factors to risk models. 
  • Risk stratification in acute heart failure: rationale and design of the STRATIFY and DECIDE studies. 
  • Rivaroxaban versus Clopidogrel for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Clinico-Economic Approach of the COMPASS Trial. 
  • Robotic surgery in urological oncology: patient care or market share? 
  • Roles of mental health professionals in multidisciplinary medically supervised treatment programs for obesity. 
  • Routine HIV screening in France: clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. 
  • Routine intravenous pyelograms before hysterectomy in cases of benign disease: possibly effective, definitely expensive. 
  • SF-36 PCS benefit-cost ratio of lumbar fusion comparison to other surgical interventions: a thought experiment. 
  • SMARTer discontinuation trial designs for developing an adaptive treatment strategy. 
  • STepped exercise program for patients with knee OsteoArthritis (STEP-KOA): protocol for a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Sampling of empirically supported psychological treatments from health psychology: smoking, chronic pain, cancer, and bulimia nervosa. 
  • Scaling up chronic disease prevention interventions in lower- and middle-income countries. 
  • School-based health centers: cost-benefit analysis and impact on health care disparities. 
  • Screening adults for pre-diabetes and diabetes may be cost-saving. 
  • Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: caveat emptor. 
  • Screening for bacterial vaginosis to prevent preterm birth: assessing effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. 
  • Screening for malignancy after augmentation cystoplasty in children with spina bifida: a decision analysis. 
  • Screening for proteinuria in US adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Screening mammography and Pap tests among older American women 1996-2000: results from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD). 
  • Screening pregnant women for autoimmune thyroid disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Self-administration of gender-affirming hormones: a systematic review of effectiveness, cost, and values and preferences of end-users and health workers. 
  • Setting the target for a better cervical screening test: characteristics of a cost-effective test for cervical neoplasia screening. 
  • Shared Cared for Stable Glaucoma Patients: Economic Benefits and Patient-centered Outcomes of a Feasibility Trial. 
  • Shifting guidelines for myeloid growth factors: applications in cancer chemotherapy. 
  • Short-term costs associated with primary prophylactic G-CSF use during chemotherapy. 
  • Should a coal-fired power plant be replaced or retrofitted? 
  • Should an academic radiation oncologist be allowed to "opt out" of medicare? 
  • Should managed care organizations pay for nicotine replacement therapy? 
  • Should the patent system for new medicines be abolished? 
  • Significance and cost-effectiveness of somatosensory evoked potential monitoring in cervical spine surgery. 
  • Silver bullets and structural impediments to HIV prevention. 
  • Simulated Costs of the ASCO Patient-Centered Oncology Payment Model in Medicare Beneficiaries With Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer. 
  • Simulation for Teaching Orthopaedic Residents in a Competency-based Curriculum: Do the Benefits Justify the Increased Costs? 
  • Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security. 
  • Skating to where the puck is going to be: a plan for clinical trials and translation research in mood disorders. 
  • Social/health maintenance organization and fee-for-service health outcomes over time. 
  • Societal value, the person trade-off, and the dilemma of whose values to measure for cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Solitary pulmonary nodules: Part II. Evaluation of the indeterminate nodule. 
  • Solo versus group practice in the medical profession: the influence of malpractice risk. 
  • Special care units for people with Alzheimer's disease. Only for the privileged few? 
  • Standards of Evidence for Conducting and Reporting Economic Evaluations in Prevention Science. 
  • Statistical considerations in economic evaluations: a guide for cardiologists. 
  • Statistical methods for building better biomarkers of chronic kidney disease. 
  • Strategies for diagnosing and treating suspected acute bacterial sinusitis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Strategies for incorporating resource allocation and economic considerations: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). 
  • Strategies for treating latent multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis: a decision analysis. 
  • Streamlining and Reimagining Prior Authorization Under Value-Based Contracts: A Call to Action From the Value in Healthcare Initiative's Prior Authorization Learning Collaborative. 
  • Strengthening Referral Networks for Management of Hypertension Across the Health System (STRENGTHS) in western Kenya: a study protocol of a cluster randomized trial. 
  • Stress echocardiography in women. 
  • Stroke Care Costs and Cost-Effectiveness to Inform Health Policy. 
  • Structured lifestyle education to support weight loss for people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and first episode psychosis: the STEPWISE RCT. 
  • Supporting statements and rationale. 
  • Surgery for hip fracture yields societal benefits that exceed the direct medical costs. 
  • Surveillance for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia following molar pregnancy: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Surveillance issues in inflammatory bowel disease: ulcerative colitis. 
  • Survival is not the only valuable end point in melanoma screening. 
  • Swings and Roundabouts: Paradoxes of the Away Rotation. 
  • TRIal to slow the Progression Of Diabetes (TRIPOD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial using wireless technology and incentives. 
  • Tailored Case Management for Diabetes and Hypertension (TEACH-DM) in a community population: study design and baseline sample characteristics. 
  • Tailoring Antiplatelet Therapy Intensity to Ischemic and Bleeding Risk. 
  • Targeting patients undergoing angioplasty for thrombus inhibition: a cost-effectiveness and decision support model. 
  • Task force #2--the cost of prevention: can we afford it? Can we afford not to do it? 33rd Bethesda Conference. 
  • Team-Based Care With Nonphysician Titration of Antihypertensive Medications in Collaboration With Physicians: A Cost-Effective Way to Control Blood Pressure? 
  • Team-Based Care for Managing Cardiac Comorbidities in Heart Failure. 
  • Temporal and spatial distribution of health, labor, and crop benefits of climate change mitigation in the United States. 
  • Testing efficacy with detection controlled estimation: an application to telemedicine. 
  • Testing of low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. 
  • The "value" of value in gynecologic oncology practice in the United States: Society of Gynecologic Oncology evidence-based review and recommendations. 
  • The CHD challenge: comparing four cost-effectiveness models. 
  • The Cost of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Versus the Cost of Pasireotide: Results from a Prospective Randomized Trial. 
  • The Cost-Effectiveness of Palliative Care: Insights from the PAL-HF Trial. 
  • The Development of Intermediate Clinical Endpoints in Cancer of the Prostate (ICECaP). 
  • The EPILOG trial. Abciximab prevents ischemic complications during angioplasty. Evaluation in PTCA to improve Long-Term Outcome with Abciximab GP IIb/IIIa Blockade. 
  • The Health Innovation Impact Checklist: a tool to improve the development and reporting of impact models for global health innovations. 
  • The Hepatitis C-Alcohol Reduction Treatment (Hep ART) intervention: Study protocol of a multi-center randomized controlled trial. 
  • The Impact of Cost Conversations on the Patient-Physician Relationship. 
  • The Impact of Cost-Effectiveness on Public and Private Policies in Health Care: An International Perspective: Introduction and overview 
  • The International Association Study Lung Cancer (IASLC) Strategic Screening Advisory Committee (SSAC) response to the USPSTF recommendations. 
  • The Oregon formula: a better method of allocating health care resources. 
  • The Refractory Overactive Bladder: Sacral NEuromodulation vs. BoTulinum Toxin Assessment: ROSETTA trial. 
  • The Ross procedure: shorter hospital stay, decreased morbidity, and cost effective. 
  • The Social Value of Mortality Risk Reduction: VSL vs. the Social Welfare Function Approach 
  • The Southampton Initiative for Health: a complex intervention to improve the diets and increase the physical activity levels of women from disadvantaged communities. 
  • The Stroke P.O.R.T.: secondary and tertiary prevention of ischemic stroke. Stroke Prevention Patient Outcomes Research Team. 
  • The Stroke Prevention Patient Outcomes Research Team. Goals and methods. 
  • The Use of Sacubitril/Valsartan for Hospitalized Heart Failure-Why Do We Care About Cost and Value? 
  • The appropriate use of neurostimulation of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system for the treatment of chronic pain and ischemic diseases: the Neuromodulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee. 
  • The benefit of implementing a heart failure disease management program. 
  • The challenge of measuring community values in ways appropriate for setting health care priorities. 
  • The cost consequences of treatment-resistant depression. 
  • The cost effectiveness of a quality improvement program to reduce maternal and fetal mortality in a regional referral hospital in Accra, Ghana. 
  • The cost effectiveness of pharmacological smoking cessation therapies in developing countries: a case study in the Seychelles. 
  • The cost implications of an early versus delayed invasive strategy in Acute Coronary Syndromes: the TIMACS study. 
  • The cost of self-imposed regulatory burden in animal research. 
  • The cost of visual impairment: purposes, perspectives, and guidance. 
  • The cost-effectiveness of a clinical pharmacist intervention among elderly outpatients. 
  • The cost-effectiveness of ertapenem for the treatment of chorioamnionitis after cesarean delivery. 
  • The cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemoradiation is superior to a surgery-first approach in the treatment of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. 
  • The cost-effectiveness of routine office-based identification and subsequent medical treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma in the United States. 
  • The cost-effectiveness of treating childhood cancer in 4 centers across sub-Saharan Africa. 
  • The cost-effectiveness of typhoid Vi vaccination programs: calculations for four urban sites in four Asian countries. 
  • The economic impact of HPV vaccines: not just cervical cancer. 
  • The economics of alcohol abuse and alcohol-control policies. 
  • The economics of heart failure. 
  • The economics of stone disease. 
  • The economics of the hematopoietic growth factors. 
  • The effect of geriatrics evaluation and management on nursing home use and health care costs: results from a randomized trial. 
  • The effect of hospice on Medicare and informal care costs: the U.S. Experience. 
  • The epidemiology and hotspots of road traffic injuries in Moshi, Tanzania: An observational study. 
  • The ethics of aggregation and hormone replacement therapy. 
  • The financial toxicity of cancer treatment: a pilot study assessing out-of-pocket expenses and the insured cancer patient's experience. 
  • The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. 
  • The high cost of implantable defibrillators. 
  • The hypertension team: the role of the pharmacist, nurse, and teamwork in hypertension therapy. 
  • The impact of considering adaptation in health state valuation. 
  • The impact of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy on the way endocrinologists treat primary hyperparathyroidism. 
  • The implications of out-of-pocket cost of cancer treatment in the USA: a critical appraisal of the literature. 
  • The importance of age in allocating health care resources: does intervention-type matter? 
  • The incremental value of medical nutrition therapy in weight management. 
  • The influence of cost-effectiveness information on physicians' cancer screening recommendations. 
  • The mode selection trial (MOST) in sinus node dysfunction: design, rationale, and baseline characteristics of the first 1000 patients. 
  • The moral psychology of rationing among physicians: the role of harm and fairness intuitions in physician objections to cost-effectiveness and cost-containment. 
  • The nature and effectiveness of general hospital psychiatric services. 
  • The palliative care in heart failure trial: rationale and design. 
  • The potential cost-effectiveness of novel cord blood therapies in children with autism spectrum disorder. 
  • The process of bringing new drug-eluting stents to market will they see the light of day? 
  • The return on investment in health care: from 1980 to 2000. 
  • The role of aprotinin in a blood-conservation program. 
  • The role of evidence reports in evidence-based medicine: a mechanism for linking scientific evidence and practice improvement. 
  • The role of perceived benefits and costs in patients' medical decisions. 
  • The societal and economic value of rotator cuff repair. 
  • The state of costing research for HIV interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. 
  • The unbearable rightness of bedside rationing. Physician duties in a climate of cost containment. 
  • The underrecognition and undertreatment of depression: what is the breadth and depth of the problem? 
  • The use of life expectancy in cancer screening guidelines. Moving with caution from model-based evidence to evidence-based guidelines. 
  • The use of the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-M) in the detection of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. 
  • The value of diagnostic medical imaging. 
  • The value of mammography screening in women under age 50 years. 
  • The value of stroke prevention and treatment. 
  • Third-Trimester Prenatal Syphilis Screening: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • Ticagrelor versus genotype-driven antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Time Horizons in Cost Analyses-Reply. 
  • Tools for Economic Analysis of Patient Management Interventions in Heart Failure Cost-Effectiveness Model: A Web-based program designed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of disease management programs in heart failure. 
  • Total Social Costs and Benefits of Long-Distance Hydropower Transmission. 
  • Toward a broader view of values in cost-effectiveness analysis of health. 
  • Toward an ecosocial epidemiological approach to goiter and other iodine deficiency disorders: a case study of India's technocratic program for universal iodization of salt. 
  • Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) collaborative care for patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AcuSpA): protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. 
  • Transoral resection of pharyngeal cancer: summary of a National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer Steering Committee Clinical Trials Planning Meeting, November 6-7, 2011, Arlington, Virginia. 
  • Treating QALYs with a heavy dose of social values: is the cure worth the cost? 
  • Treating major depression in primary care practice: an update of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Practice Guidelines. 
  • Treatment costs for youths receiving multisystemic therapy or hospitalization after a psychiatric crisis. 
  • Treatment of pain in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a survey of pediatric rheumatologists. 
  • Trends in educational placement and cost-benefit considerations in children with cochlear implants. 
  • Trust in Managed Care Organizations 
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration-Approved Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Maintenance Therapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 
  • US benefit-cost analysis requires revision. 
  • Understanding Health Economics in Hand Surgery. 
  • Understanding Health Economics in Spine Surgery. 
  • Understanding how orthopaedic surgery practices generate value for healthcare systems. 
  • Understanding the costs of better tuberculosis diagnostics. 
  • Update on neutropenia and myeloid growth factors. 
  • Updated Recommendations for Cost-effectiveness Studies-Reply. 
  • Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and associated outcomes in children hospitalized for sepsis in the United States: A large population-based study. 
  • Use of larger versus smaller drug-safety databases before regulatory approval: the trade-offs. 
  • Usefulness and Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Echocardiographic Contrast to Detect Left Ventricular Thrombus in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. 
  • Usefulness of collecting routine cytologic specimens during fiberoptic bronchoscopy for endoscopically visible and nonvisible lung carcinoma. 
  • Using and improving the social cost of carbon 
  • Using imaging for cardiovascular risk prediction: an overview. 
  • Using private demand studies to calculate socially optimal vaccine subsidies in developing countries. 
  • Using tailored interventions to enhance smoking cessation among African-Americans at a community health center. 
  • Using the value-based care paradigm to compare physical therapy access to care models in cervical spine radiculopathy: a case report. 
  • Utility Estimation for Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux: Methodological Considerations Using an Online Survey Platform. 
  • Utility of EQ-5D to assess patients undergoing cataract surgery. 
  • Utility of LHRH antagonists for advanced prostate cancer. 
  • Utility of postoperative laboratory studies after female pelvic reconstructive surgery. 
  • Utility scores for vesicoureteral reflux and anti-reflux surgery. 
  • Utilizing a diabetic registry to manage diabetes in a low-income Asian American population. 
  • VATS and Minimally Invasive Resection in Early-Stage NSCLC. 
  • Vaccination against herpes zoster in developed countries: state of the evidence. 
  • Validating a Budget Impact Model Using Payer Insight and Claims Data: A Framework and Case Study. 
  • Validation, performance under field conditions, and cost-effectiveness of Capillus HIV-1/HIV-2 and determine HIV-1/2 rapid human immunodeficiency virus antibody assays using sequential and parallel testing algorithms in Tanzania. 
  • Validity and cost-effectiveness of antisperm antibody testing before in vitro fertilization. 
  • Value in Healthcare Initiative: Summary and Key Recommendations. 
  • Value measurement in cost-utility analysis: explaining the discrepancy between rating scale and person trade-off elicitations. 
  • Value-Based Care Includes Getting Patients Back to Work: Commentary on an article by Ola-Lars Hammer, MD, et al.: "Cost-Effectiveness of Volar Locking Plate Compared with Augmented External Fixation for Displaced Intra-Articular Wrist Fractures". 
  • Variation in the cost of medications for the treatment of colorectal cancer. 
  • Variation in the use of laparoscopy with inguinal hernia repairs in a sample of pediatric patients at children's hospitals. 
  • Vertical integration: hospital ownership of physician practices is associated with higher prices and spending. 
  • Weekend and holiday exercise testing in patients with chest pain. 
  • Weight loss competitions at the work site: impact on weight, morale and cost-effectiveness. 
  • Weight reduction at the work site: a promise partially fulfilled. 
  • What CATIE found: results from the schizophrenia trial. 
  • What do international pharmacoeconomic guidelines say about economic data transferability? 
  • What is the price of life and why doesn't it increase at the rate of inflation? 
  • What is the role of combination drug therapy in the treatment of overactive bladder? ICI-RS 2014. 
  • What role do neurologists play in determining the costs and outcomes of stroke patients? 
  • When can we be sure an intervention is cost-effective? 
  • Who are the new users of antipsychotic medications? 
  • Whose quality of life? A commentary exploring discrepancies between health state evaluations of patients and the general public. 
  • Why WIC (Women, Infants and Children Food Supplement Program)? 
  • Why not real economics? 
  • Will Obesity Treatment Reimbursement Benefit Those at Highest Risk? 
  • Will the global economic downturn affect prostate cancer care? Pelvic lymphadenectomy as an example. 
  • Willingness to pay for improved respiratory and cardiovascular health: a multiple-format, stated-preference approach. 
  • Withholding medical treatment from the severely demented patient. Decisional processes and cost implications. 
  • Within-Trial Cost-Effectiveness of an Adherence-Enhancing Educational Intervention for Glaucoma. 
  • eHealth-Generated Patient Data in an Outpatient Setting after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Scoping Review. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Berchuck, Andrew, James M. Ingram Distinguished Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology
  • Clements III, Dennis Alfred, Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health
  • Jeuland, Marc A., Associate Professor in the Sanford School of Public Policy, Nicholas Institute-Energy Initiative
  • Myers, Evan Robert, Walter L. Thomas Distinguished Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Newell, Richard G., Adjunct Professor, Environmental Sciences and Policy
  • O'Connor, Christopher Michael, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology
  • Pizer, Billy, Research Professor in the Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke Science & Society
  • Preminger, Glenn Michael, James F. Glenn, M.D. Distinguished Professor of Urology, Surgery, Urology
  • Reed, Shelby Derene, Professor in Population Health Sciences, Duke Science & Society
  • Yancy Jr., William Samuel, Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine
  • Zafar, Syed Yousuf, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Duke Science & Society