Cross-Linking Reagents

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A chimeric kinesin-1 head/kinesin-5 tail motor switches between diffusive and processive motility. 
  • A compliant biological vascular prosthesis. 
  • A domain in TNF receptors that mediates ligand-independent receptor assembly and signaling. 
  • A hybrid polymer gel with controlled rates of cross-link rupture and self-repair. 
  • A laminin and nerve growth factor-laden three-dimensional scaffold for enhanced neurite extension. 
  • A novel intracellular protein delivery platform based on single-protein nanocapsules. 
  • A photopolymerized sealant for corneal lacerations. 
  • A preliminary study of the fixation mechanism of collagen reaction with a polyepoxy fixative. 
  • A structural basis for a phosphoramide mustard-induced DNA interstrand cross-link at 5'-d(GAC). 
  • Activation primes human B lymphocytes to respond to heat shock. 
  • Activity-dependent expression of RNA binding protein HuD and its association with mRNAs in neurons. 
  • Allelic exclusion of the TCR alpha-chain is an active process requiring TCR-mediated signaling and c-Cbl. 
  • Allosteric transition intermediates modelled by crosslinked haemoglobins. 
  • Alterations in the neutral proteinase activities of central and peripheral nervous systems of acrylamide-, carbon disulfide-, or 2,5-hexanedione-treated rats. 
  • Altered expression of neurofilament subunits in diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate-treated hen spinal cord and their presence in axonal aggregations. 
  • Altered posttranslational modifications of collagen in keloid. 
  • An assessment of the effects of shell cross-linked nanoparticle size, core composition, and surface PEGylation on in vivo biodistribution. 
  • Avidin-biotin interactions at vesicle surfaces: adsorption and binding, cross-bridge formation, and lateral interactions. 
  • B Lymphocyte signaling established by the CD19/CD22 loop regulates autoimmunity in the tight-skin mouse. 
  • BiPS, a photocleavable, isotopically coded, fluorescent cross-linker for structural proteomics. 
  • Binding of placental lactogen and growth hormone to fetal sheep fibroblasts. 
  • Biochemical identity and characterization of the mouse interleukin-2 receptor beta and gamma c subunits. 
  • Both heptad repeats of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein are potent inhibitors of viral fusion. 
  • Branhamella catarrhalis activates human B lymphocytes following interactions with surface IgD and class I major histocompatibility complex antigens. 
  • Camptothecin analogues with enhanced antitumor activity at acidic pH. 
  • Characterization of DNA lesions induced by CaCrO4 in synchronous and asynchronous cultured mammalian cells. 
  • Characterization of cDNAs encoding the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein. 
  • Chemical and structural modifications of alpha 2-macroglobulin: effects on receptor binding and endocytosis studied in an in vivo model. 
  • Chemical characterization of a protein-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal cross-link: immunochemical detection in mitochondria exposed to oxidative stress. 
  • Chemical structure of carbamoylating groups and their relationship to bone marrow toxicity and antiglioma activity of bifunctionally alkylating and carbamoylating nitrosoureas. 
  • Chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells in elastin-like polypeptide. 
  • Chondroitin 4-sulfate covalently cross-links the chains of the human blood protein pre-alpha-inhibitor. 
  • Chromium(VI) treatment of normal human lung cells results in guanine-specific DNA polymerase arrest, DNA-DNA cross-links and S-phase blockade of cell cycle. 
  • Collision-induced dissociative chemical cross-linking reagents and methodology: Applications to protein structural characterization using tandem mass spectrometry analysis. 
  • Comparison of covalently and physically cross-linked polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels for the prevention of postoperative adhesions in a rat model. 
  • Consequences of chemical modifications on the free radical reactions of human hemoglobin. 
  • Controlled release of simvastatin from in situ forming hydrogel triggers bone formation in MC3T3-E1 cells. 
  • Controlling the kinetics of thiol-maleimide Michael-type addition gelation kinetics for the generation of homogenous poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels. 
  • Correlation of enzymatic activities and aggregation state in chicken liver fatty acid synthase. 
  • Correlation of total and interstrand DNA adducts in tumor and kidney with antitumor efficacies and differential nephrotoxicities of cis-ammine/cyclohexylamine-dichloroplatinum(II) and cisplatin. 
  • Covalent binding of inhaled formaldehyde to DNA in the respiratory tract of rhesus monkeys: pharmacokinetics, rat-to-monkey interspecies scaling, and extrapolation to man. 
  • Cross-linking and disulfide bond formation of introduced cysteine residues suggest a modified model for the tertiary structure of URF13 in the pore-forming oligomers. 
  • Cross-linking of the cms-T maize mitochondrial pore-forming protein URF13 by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and its effect on URF13 sensitivity to fungal toxins. 
  • Crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels: a strategy to functionalize and pattern. 
  • Crosslinking of apolipoprotein E by products of lipid peroxidation. 
  • DNA interstrand crosslinking and strand break repair in human glioma cell lines of varying [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea] resistance. 
  • DNA polymerase arrest by adducted trivalent chromium. 
  • DNA-protein cross-links induced by nickel compounds in intact cultured mammalian cells. 
  • Design, expression, and immunogenicity of a soluble HIV trimeric envelope fragment adopting a prefusion gp41 configuration. 
  • Desmoplakin I and desmoplakin II. Purification and characterization. 
  • Development of bioactive photocrosslinkable fibrous hydrogels. 
  • Differential solubilization of placental lactogen (PL)- and growth hormone-binding sites: further evidence for a unique PL receptor in fetal and maternal liver. 
  • Direct liquid chromatography determination of the reactive imine SJG-136 (NSC 694501). 
  • Directed intermixing in multicomponent self-assembling biomaterials. 
  • Early metabolite levels predict long-term matrix accumulation for chondrocytes in elastin-like polypeptide biopolymer scaffolds. 
  • Effect of IGFBP-3 on IGF- and IGF-analogue-induced insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGFIR) signalling. 
  • Effects of a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin oxygen affinity on outcome from global cerebral ischemia in the rat. 
  • Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate and nine other nucleophiles on the intersubunit protein cross-linking and inactivation of purified human alpha 2-macroglobulin by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). 
  • Effects of glutathione on chromium-induced DNA crosslinking and DNA polymerase arrest. 
  • Effects of ionic strength on force transients induced by flash photolysis of caged ATP in covalently crosslinked rabbit psoas muscle fibers. 
  • Elastin-like polypeptides: biomedical applications of tunable biopolymers. 
  • Elicitation of neutralizing antibodies directed against CD4-induced epitope(s) using a CD4 mimetic cross-linked to a HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. 
  • Endoscopic injection of glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen for the treatment of intrinsic sphincter deficiency in women. 
  • Engineering oxidative stability in human hemoglobin based on the Hb providence (βK82D) mutation and genetic cross-linking. 
  • Ethylenecarbodiimide-fixed donor splenocyte infusions differentially target direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition for induction of transplant tolerance. 
  • Evidence that Gsta4 modifies susceptibility to skin tumor development in mice and humans. 
  • Experimental chemotherapy of human medulloblastoma cell lines and transplantable xenografts with bifunctional alkylating agents. 
  • FMRP targets distinct mRNA sequence elements to regulate protein expression. 
  • Fanconi anemia complementation group A cells are hypersensitive to chromium(VI)-induced toxicity. 
  • Fas preassociation required for apoptosis signaling and dominant inhibition by pathogenic mutations. 
  • Fluorescence changes on contractile activation in TnC(DANZ) labeled skinned rabbit psoas fibers. 
  • Formation and repair of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and cisplatin induced total genomic DNA interstrand crosslinks in human glioma cells. 
  • Free pentosidine and neopterin as markers of progression rate in diabetic nephropathy. Collaborative Study Group. 
  • Functional association of CD7 with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: interaction via a YEDM motif. 
  • Gene expression analysis of messenger RNP complexes. 
  • Genipin-crosslinked cartilage-derived matrix as a scaffold for human adipose-derived stem cell chondrogenesis. 
  • Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs): structural alterations that affect free radical generation. 
  • Hepatitis delta virus ribozymes fold to generate a solvent-inaccessible core with essential nucleotides near the cleavage site phosphate. 
  • Heterogeneous basis of the type VIB form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS VIB) that is unrelated to decreased collagen lysyl hydroxylation. 
  • High-frequency stress relaxation in semiflexible polymer solutions and networks. 
  • Identification of novel quaternary domain interactions in the Hsp90 chaperone, GRP94. 
  • Identification of the binding subunit of the D1-dopamine receptor by photoaffinity crosslinking. 
  • Immune focusing and enhanced neutralization induced by HIV-1 gp140 chemical cross-linking. 
  • Impaired immune responses and B-cell proliferation in mice lacking the Id3 gene. 
  • Importance of the tmRNA system for cell survival when transcription is blocked by DNA-protein cross-links. 
  • Independent analysis of bait region cleavage dependent and thiolester bond cleavage dependent conformational changes by cross-linking of alpha 2-macroglobulin with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) and dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate). 
  • Interaction between the T4 helicase-loading protein (gp59) and the DNA polymerase (gp43): a locking mechanism to delay replication during replisome assembly. 
  • Interaction of FANCD2 and NBS1 in the DNA damage response. 
  • Interlaboratory validation of a new assay for DNA-protein crosslinks. 
  • Intersubunit cross-linking by cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) stabilizes an alpha 2-macroglobulin "nascent" state: evidence that thiol ester bond cleavage correlates with receptor recognition site exposure. 
  • Investigating the relationship between surface chemistry and endothelial cell growth: partial least-squares regression of the static secondary ion mass spectra of oxygen-containing plasma-deposited films. 
  • Kinetic study of collagen fixation with polyepoxy fixatives. 
  • Long-term toughness of photopolymerizable (meth)acrylate networks in aqueous environments. 
  • Mechanism of hypochlorite-mediated inactivation of proteinase inhibition by alpha 2-macroglobulin. 
  • Mechanism of the anti-tumour effect of biochemotherapy in melanoma: preliminary results. 
  • Metabolic labeling enables selective photocrosslinking of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins to their binding partners. 
  • Mimosine, a novel inhibitor of DNA replication, binds to a 50 kDa protein in Chinese hamster cells. 
  • Mismatch repair and nucleotide excision repair proteins cooperate in the recognition of DNA interstrand crosslinks. 
  • Modification of the pharmacokinetics of high-dose cyclophosphamide and cisplatin by antiemetics. 
  • Murine polypyrimidine tract binding protein. Purification, cloning, and mapping of the RNA binding domain. 
  • Mutations near amino end of alpha1(I) collagen cause combined osteogenesis imperfecta/Ehlers-Danlos syndrome by interference with N-propeptide processing. 
  • N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide cross-linking suggests a central core of helices II in oligomers of URF13, the pore-forming T-toxin receptor of cms-T maize mitochondria. 
  • NMR-derived solution conformations of a hybrid synthetic peptide containing multiple epitopes of envelope protein gp120 from the RF strain of human immunodeficiency virus. 
  • Nitric oxide binding to human ferrihemoglobins cross-linked between either alpha or beta subunits. 
  • Novel interleukin-2 receptor subunit detected by cross-linking under high-affinity conditions. 
  • Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions that control nuclear envelope breakdown and entry into mitosis in the sea urchin zygote. 
  • Outer membrane protein I of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a target of cationic antimicrobial peptide/protein. 
  • Overexpression of lysyl oxidase to increase matrix crosslinking and improve tissue strength in dermal wound healing. 
  • Pathogenesis of NOD diabetes is initiated by reactivity to the insulin B chain 9-23 epitope and involves functional epitope spreading. 
  • Peptide array X-linking (PAX): a new peptide-protein identification approach. 
  • Photo cross-linkable Biodendrimers as ophthalmic adhesives for central lacerations and penetrating keratoplasties. 
  • Photo-activated psoralen binds the ErbB2 catalytic kinase domain, blocking ErbB2 signaling and triggering tumor cell apoptosis. 
  • Photocrosslinkable hyaluronan as a scaffold for articular cartilage repair. 
  • Photocrosslinkable pMHC monomers stain T cells specifically and cause ligand-bound TCRs to be 'preferentially' transported to the cSMAC. 
  • Photocrosslinkable polysaccharides based on chondroitin sulfate. 
  • Photoreceptor phosphodiesterase: interaction of inhibitory gamma subunit and cyclic GMP with specific binding sites on catalytic subunits. 
  • Platelet-derived growth factor receptors form a high affinity state in membrane preparations. Kinetics and affinity cross-linking studies. 
  • Prenylated peptides in identification of specific binding proteins. 
  • Protein polymer hydrogels by in situ, rapid and reversible self-gelation. 
  • Proteome-Wide Structural Biology: An Emerging Field for the Structural Analysis of Proteins on the Proteomic Scale. 
  • Purification and properties of a multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from rat pancreas. 
  • Purification of a distinct placental lactogen receptor, a new member of the growth hormone/prolactin receptor family. 
  • Pyrrole oxidation and protein cross-linking as necessary steps in the development of gamma-diketone neuropathy. 
  • Quantitative assessment of fibrinogen cross-linking by epsilon aminocaproic acid in patients with end-stage liver disease. 
  • Quenching of DNA cross-link precursors of chloroethylnitrosoureas and attenuation of DNA interstrand cross-linking by glutathione. 
  • Rapid cross-linking of elastin-like polypeptides with (hydroxymethyl)phosphines in aqueous solution. 
  • Rapid self-healing hydrogels. 
  • Regulation of leukocyte migration by activation of the leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LAM-1) selectin. 
  • Repair analysis of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-induced DNA interstrand crosslinking in the c-myc gene in 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide-sensitive and -resistant medulloblastoma cell lines. 
  • Repair of mitomycin C cross-linked DNA in mammalian cells measured by a host cell reactivation assay. 
  • Reshaping procedures for the surgical management of corneal ectasia. 
  • Resorbable, amino acid-based poly(ester urea)s crosslinked with osteogenic growth peptide with enhanced mechanical properties and bioactivity. 
  • Reversible cross-linking combined with immunoprecipitation to study RNA-protein interactions in vivo. 
  • Rotation of nucleotide sites is not required for the enzymatic activity of chloroplast coupling factor 1. 
  • S1-nuclease enhancement of the ethidium bromide binding assay of drug-induced DNA interstrand crosslinking in human brain tumor cells. 
  • SP75 is encoded by the DP87 gene and belongs to a family of modular Dictyostelium discoideum outer layer spore coat proteins. 
  • Sequences within a small yeast RNA required for inhibition of internal initiation of translation: interaction with La and other cellular proteins influences its inhibitory activity. 
  • Small-molecule dynamics and mechanisms underlying the macroscopic mechanical properties of coordinatively cross-linked polymer networks. 
  • Specificity of alpha 2-macroglobulin covalent cross-linking for the active domain of proteinases. 
  • Stabilization of HIV-1 envelope in the CD4-bound conformation through specific cross-linking of a CD4 mimetic. 
  • Stage- and ribosome-specific alterations in nascent chain-Sec61p interactions accompany translocation across the ER membrane. 
  • Stimulation and inhibition of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-induced strand breaks and interstrand cross-linking in Col E1 plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid by polyamines and inorganic cations. 
  • Strong means slow: dynamic contributions to the bulk mechanical properties of supramolecular networks. 
  • Structural and Biochemical Characterization of the Francisella tularensis Pathogenicity Regulator, Macrophage Locus Protein A (MglA). 
  • Structural and Functional Analyses Reveal Insights into the Molecular Properties of the Escherichia coli Z Ring Stabilizing Protein, ZapC. 
  • Structural and immunologic correlates of chemically stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. 
  • Structure and function of the UvrB protein. 
  • Structure of the Z Ring-associated Protein, ZapD, Bound to the C-terminal Domain of the Tubulin-like Protein, FtsZ, Suggests Mechanism of Z Ring Stabilization through FtsZ Cross-linking. 
  • Studies of the molecular pathogenesis of hexane neuropathy. II. Evidence that pyrrole derivatization of lysyl residues leads to protein crosslinking. 
  • Studies on the preparation of chitosan microcarriers cross-linked by oxidized lactose and culture of primary hepatocytes. 
  • Swelling and mechanical behaviors of chemically cross-linked hydrogels of elastin-like polypeptides. 
  • Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Manassantin Analogues for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Inhibition. 
  • Synthesis, characterization, and cyclic stress-influenced degradation of a poly(ethylene glycol)-based poly(beta-amino ester). 
  • TSG-6 transfers proteins between glycosaminoglycans via a Ser28-mediated covalent catalytic mechanism. 
  • Tandem mass spectrometry acquisition approaches to enhance identification of protein-protein interactions using low-energy collision-induced dissociative chemical crosslinking reagents. 
  • The MotA transcriptional activator of bacteriophage T4 binds to its specific DNA site as a monomer. 
  • The beta-adrenergic receptor: rapid purification and covalent labeling by photoaffinity crosslinking. 
  • The bipolar mitotic kinesin Eg5 moves on both microtubules that it crosslinks. 
  • The chemokines IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and I-309 are monomers at physiologically relevant concentrations. 
  • The cyanide-resistant alternative oxidases from the fungi Pichia stipitis and Neurospora crassa are monomeric and lack regulatory features of the plant enzyme. 
  • The effects of crosslinking of scaffolds engineered from cartilage ECM on the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. 
  • The spreading, migration and proliferation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells cultured inside hyaluronic acid hydrogels. 
  • The tor pathway regulates gene expression by linking nutrient sensing to histone acetylation. 
  • The type III transforming growth factor-beta receptor negatively regulates nuclear factor kappa B signaling through its interaction with beta-arrestin2. 
  • Time and distance dependence of reversible polymer bridging followed by single-molecule force spectroscopy. 
  • Tissue-specific expression and regulation of the alternatively-spliced forms of lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) in human kidney cells and skin fibroblasts. 
  • Topoisomerase IIIalpha and Bloom's helicase can resolve a mobile double Holliday junction substrate through convergent branch migration. 
  • Truncated forms of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II)/mannose 6-phosphate receptor encompassing the IGF-II binding site: characterization of a point mutation that abolishes IGF-II binding. 
  • Two forms of mitochondrial DNA ligase III are produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 
  • TβRIII independently binds type I and type II TGF-β receptors to inhibit TGF-β signaling. 
  • URF13, a maize mitochondrial pore-forming protein, is oligomeric and has a mixed orientation in Escherichia coli plasma membranes. 
  • Utilizing cell-matrix interactions to modulate gene transfer to stem cells inside hyaluronic acid hydrogels. 
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) inhibits the proliferation of bone marrow progenitors through the VPAC1 receptor. 
  • Visualization of purified fibronectin-transglutaminase complexes. 
  • beta-Arrestin 1 and Galphaq/11 coordinately activate RhoA and stress fiber formation following receptor stimulation. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bennett, Vann, George B. Geller Distinguished Professor for Research in Molecular Biology in the School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Freemark, Michael Scott, Robert C. Atkins, M.D. and Veronica Atkins Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, in the School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Endocrinology