Disease Outbreaks

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A central role for palliative care in an influenza pandemic. 
  • A continuing common-source outbreak of botulism in a family. 
  • A large outbreak of foodborne salmonellosis on the Navajo Nation Indian Reservation, epidemiology and secondary transmission. 
  • A large, multiple-restaurant outbreak of infection with Shigella flexneri serotype 2a traced to tomatoes. 
  • A nonoccupational outbreak of inorganic mercury vapor poisoning. 
  • A plea for justice for jailed medical workers. 
  • A pseudo-outbreak of Aureobasidium species lower respiratory tract infections caused by reuse of single-use stopcocks during bronchoscopy. 
  • A spatio-temporal absorbing state model for disease and syndromic surveillance. 
  • A statement regarding personal belief exemption from immunization mandates: from the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, March 2011. 
  • A stranger to our camps: Typhus in American history. 
  • AIDS, risk and social governance. 
  • Acanthamoeba keratitis associated with contact lens wear in Singapore. 
  • Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia. 
  • Acquisition of Clostridium difficile from the hospital environment. 
  • Adaptation of pandemic H2N2 influenza A viruses in humans. 
  • Addressing the vaccine confidence gap. 
  • Adenovirus type 3 outbreak in connecticut associated with a novel variant. 
  • Adherence to self-quarantine recommendations during an outbreak of norovirus infection. 
  • Adult adenovirus infections: loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics. For the Adenovirus Surveillance Group. 
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among 1991 Gulf War veterans: evidence for a time-limited outbreak. 
  • An Infection Control Program for a 2009 influenza A H1N1 outbreak in a university-based summer camp. 
  • An Outbreak of Beta-2 Adrenergic Toxicity from Adulterated Heroin. 
  • An epidemic of Oroya fever in the Peruvian Andes. 
  • An epidemic of respiratory complaints exacerbated by mass psychogenic illness in a military recruit population. 
  • An evaluation of penicillin prophylaxis during an outbreak of foodborne streptococcal pharyngitis. 
  • An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection following exposure to a contaminated building. 
  • An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm. 
  • An outbreak of Fusarium keratitis associated with contact lens wear in Singapore. 
  • An outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Northeastern Kenya, 1997-98. 
  • An outbreak of Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis on Colorado River raft trips. 
  • An outbreak of anthrax meningoencephalitis. 
  • An outbreak of foodborne botulism associated with food sold at a salvage store in Texas. 
  • An outbreak of fungal endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of compounded combined bevacizumab and triamcinolone. 
  • An outbreak of infection due to beta-Lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase 2-producing K. pneumoniae in a Greek University Hospital: molecular characterization, epidemiology, and outcomes. 
  • An outbreak of pneumococcal pneumonia among military personnel at high risk: control by low-dose azithromycin postexposure chemoprophylaxis. 
  • Analysis of Japanese encephalitis epidemic in Western Nepal in 1997. 
  • Analysis of a food-borne fungal pathogen outbreak: virulence and genome of a Mucor circinelloides isolate from yogurt. 
  • Antimicrobial resistance trends and outbreak frequency in United States hospitals. 
  • Aqueous quaternary ammonium antiseptics and disinfectants. Use and misuse. 
  • Assessment of economic vulnerability to infectious disease crises. 
  • Association between earthquake events and cholera outbreaks: a cross-country 15-year longitudinal analysis. 
  • Association of Endogenous Endophthalmitis With Intravenous Drug Use: An Emerging Public Health Challenge. 
  • Association of Sauropus androgynus and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome: a hospital-based case-control study. 
  • Automated laboratory reporting of infectious diseases in a climate of bioterrorism. 
  • Bacterial contamination of animal feed and its relationship to human foodborne illness. 
  • Bacterial gastroenteritis. 
  • Balancing selection at the prion protein gene consistent with prehistoric kurulike epidemics. 
  • Beyond the Ebola Battle--Winning the War against Future Epidemics. 
  • Bird-mite infestation in a university hospital. 
  • Blastomycosis. New treatment for an old friend of the Carolinas. 
  • Brazilian spotted fever in Espirito Santo, Brazil: description of a focus of infection in a new endemic region. 
  • Changing perceptions of the childhood obesity epidemic. 
  • Cholera on Guam, 1974: epidemiologic findings and isolation of non-toxinogenic strains. 
  • Cholera prevention with traditional and novel water treatment methods: an outbreak investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar. 
  • Cigarette smoking and hemagglutination inhibition response to influenza after natural disease and immunization. 
  • Clinical presentation and response to treatment of novel influenza A H1N1 in a university-based summer camp population. 
  • Cluster of oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infections on a hospital ward among immunocompromised patients--North Carolina, 2009. 
  • Colicin typing as an epidemiological tool in the investigation of outbreaks of Shigella sonnei. 
  • Communitywide laboratory-based influenza surveillance focused on older persons, 1989-1992. 
  • Comparison of seven techniques for typing international epidemic strains of Clostridium difficile: restriction endonuclease analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PCR-ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and surface layer protein A gene sequence typing. 
  • Comparison of three methods to recover vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from perianal and environmental samples collected during a hospital outbreak of VRE. 
  • Confined animal feeding operations as amplifiers of influenza. 
  • Contributions of the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Network to global health security in 2011. 
  • Control of diarrhoeal diseases. 
  • Control of meningococcal disease in west Africa. 
  • Copy number variation contributes to cryptic genetic variation in outbreak lineages of Cryptococcus gattii from the North American Pacific Northwest. 
  • Creating a Global Health Risk Framework. 
  • Cryptococcus gattii virulence composite: candidate genes revealed by microarray analysis of high and less virulent Vancouver island outbreak strains. 
  • Cryptococcus gattii with bimorphic colony types in a dog in western Oregon: additional evidence for expansion of the Vancouver Island outbreak. 
  • Cryptococcus gattii: an emerging fungal pathogen infecting humans and animals. 
  • Current trends in botulism in the United States. 
  • Dating the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses. 
  • Debilitation's aftermath: stochastic process models of mortality. 
  • Decentralized resource allocation to control an epidemic: a game theoretic approach. 
  • Detecting disease outbreaks using local spatiotemporal methods. 
  • Detection of a novel and highly divergent coronavirus from asian leopard cats and Chinese ferret badgers in Southern China. 
  • Deterministic Factors Overwhelm Stochastic Environmental Fluctuations as Drivers of Jellyfish Outbreaks. 
  • Development of a TaqMan Array Card for Acute-Febrile-Illness Outbreak Investigation and Surveillance of Emerging Pathogens, Including Ebola Virus. 
  • Diagnostic value of indirect hemagglutination in the seroepidemiology of Shigella infections. 
  • Diarrhoea associated with heat-stable enterotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli. 
  • Diphtheria and theories of infectious disease: centennial appreciation of the critical role of diphtheria in the history of medicine. 
  • Dynamic vs. static social networks in models of parasite transmission: predicting Cryptosporidium spread in wild lemurs. 
  • Ebola clinical trials: Five lessons learned and a way forward. 
  • Ecological forecasts: an emerging imperative. 
  • Editorial commentary: the problem with pigs: it's not about bacon. 
  • Editorial commentary: variant Influenza A(H3N2) virus: looking through a glass, darkly. 
  • Effective cohorting and "superisolation" in a single intensive care unit in response to an outbreak of diverse multi-drug-resistant organisms. 
  • Effectiveness of the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus protocol in enhancing the function of an Emergency Department in Qatar. 
  • Efficacy trial of live, cold-adapted and inactivated influenza virus vaccines in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a VA cooperative study. 
  • Elevated antibodies against Rift Valley fever virus among humans with exposure to ruminants in Saudi Arabia. 
  • Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States. 
  • Emergence of Epidemic Dengue-1 Virus in the Southern Province of Sri Lanka. 
  • Emergence of extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in Europe. 
  • Emergence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and therapy of colonized personnel during a hospital-wide outbreak. 
  • Emergency vaccination against epidemic meningitis in Ghana: implications for the control of meningococcal disease in West Africa. 
  • Endemic cholera in rural Bangladesh, 1966-1980. 
  • Enteroviruses in the early 21st century: new manifestations and challenges. 
  • Epidemic shiga-bacillus dysentery in Central America. Evolution of the outbreak in El Salvador, 1969-70. 
  • Epidemiologic and economic consequences of the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. 
  • Epidemiologic assessment of the relevance of the so-called enteropathogenic serogroups of Escherichia coli in diarrhea. 
  • Epidemiologists, our patient is society. 
  • Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in various regions within North Carolina during multiple seasons. 
  • Establishment of multiple sublineages of H5N1 influenza virus in Asia: implications for pandemic control. 
  • Evaluation of inapparent dengue infections during an outbreak in Southern China. 
  • Evidence for avian H9N2 influenza virus infections among rural villagers in Cambodia. 
  • Evidence for subclinical avian influenza virus infections among rural Thai villagers. 
  • Evolution and adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus in avian and human hosts in Indonesia and Vietnam. 
  • Evolution in a spatially structured population subject to rare epidemics. 
  • Experiences and challenges in the health protection of medical teams in the Chinese Ebola treatment center, Liberia: a qualitative study. 
  • Eyes on Ebola Virus Disease. 
  • Facing forward after Ebola: questions for the next director general of the World Health Organization. 
  • Facing pandemic influenza threats: the importance of including poultry and swine workers in preparedness plans. 
  • First contemporary case of human infection with Cryptococcus gattii in Puget Sound: evidence for spread of the Vancouver Island outbreak. 
  • First report of Yersinia ruckeri biotype 2 in the USA. 
  • First reported case of Cryptococcus gattii in the Southeastern USA: implications for travel-associated acquisition of an emerging pathogen. 
  • Foodborne disease outbreaks of chemical etiology in the United States, 1970-1974. 
  • Foodborne outbreak of shigellosis caused by an unusual Shigella strain. 
  • From the center for disease control. 
  • From the national communicable disease center. Shigellosis in the United States. 1964-1968. 
  • Genetic Evidence of Importation of Drug-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum to Guatemala from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. 
  • Genetic and phenotypic changes accompanying the emergence of epizootic subtype IC Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses from an enzootic subtype ID progenitor. 
  • Genome variation in Cryptococcus gattii, an emerging pathogen of immunocompetent hosts. 
  • Global dimensions of the AIDS epidemic: implications for prevention and care. 
  • Global infections: recognition, management, and prevention. 
  • Granulomatous skin lesions in moray eels caused by a novel Mycobacterium species related to Mycobacterium triplex. 
  • HIV-1 and HIV-Associated Nephropathy 25 Years Later. 
  • Halting a pneumococcal pneumonia outbreak among United States Marine Corps trainees. 
  • Has the HIV epidemic in rural Mwanza, Tanzania reached a plateau? 
  • High Multiplicity Infection by HIV-1 in Men Who Have Sex with Men. 
  • Highly recombinant VGII Cryptococcus gattii population develops clonal outbreak clusters through both sexual macroevolution and asexual microevolution. 
  • Hospital decision-making regarding the smallpox pre-event vaccination program. 
  • Hospitalization for community-acquired, rotavirus-associated diarrhea: a prospective, longitudinal, population-based study during the seasonal outbreak. The Greater Toronto Area/Peel Region PRESI Study Group. Pediatric Rotavirus Epidemiology Study for Immunization. 
  • Human adenovirus 14a: a new epidemic threat. 
  • Human genetic variation and yellow fever mortality during 19th century U.S. epidemics. 
  • Human impacts, disease risk, and population dynamics in the chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. 
  • Iatrogenic fungal meningitis: tragedy repeated. 
  • Identification of a W variant outbreak of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via population-based molecular epidemiology. 
  • Increase in admissions for Neisseria meningitidis infection in Australia. 
  • Increased case-fatality rate associated with outbreaks of Neisseria meningitidis infection, compared with sporadic meningococcal disease, in the United States, 1994-2002. 
  • Indian poverty and cardiovascular disease. 
  • Integrated screening for tuberculosis and HIV in tuberculosis contact investigations: lessons learned in North Carolina. 
  • Invasive aspergillosis complicating pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection in severely immunocompromised patients. 
  • Is there an epidemic of child or adolescent depression? 
  • Large epidemic of respiratory illness due to adenovirus types 7 and 3 in healthy young adults. 
  • Large, persistent epidemic of adenovirus type 4-associated acute respiratory disease in U.S. army trainees. 
  • Latex allergy: a life-threatening epidemic for scientists, healthcare personnel, and their patients. 
  • Mapping spread and risk of avian influenza A (H7N9) in China. 
  • Marijuana use and social networks in a community outbreak of meningococcal disease. 
  • Measles in the United States: 1989 and 1990. 
  • Measles vaccine: do we need new vaccines or new programs? 
  • Mechanical ventilation in an airborne epidemic. 
  • Meningococcal disease outbreak associated with disco attendance. 
  • Meningococcal immunisation in Ghana. 
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in an intensive care nursery: potential for interinstitutional spread. 
  • Mission now possible for AIDS fund. 
  • Molecular characterization of a highly divergent HIV type 1 isolate obtained early in the AIDS epidemic from the Democratic Republic of Congo. 
  • Molecular diagnosis of resistance to antimalarial drugs during epidemics and in war zones. 
  • Molecular dissection of an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae reveals Intergenus KPC carbapenemase transmission through a promiscuous plasmid. 
  • Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus type 7 in the United States, 1966-2000. 
  • Molecular evidence that the range of the Vancouver Island outbreak of Cryptococcus gattii infection has expanded into the Pacific Northwest in the United States. 
  • Multiannual patterns of influenza A transmission in Chinese live bird market systems. 
  • Multistate Outbreak of an Emerging Burkholderia cepacia Complex Strain Associated With Contaminated Oral Liquid Docusate Sodium. 
  • Naturally occurring Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in two prosimian primate species: ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). 
  • Neuropsychiatric problems after traumatic brain injury: unraveling the silent epidemic. 
  • Nosocomial hepatitis A infection in a paediatric intensive care unit. 
  • One-time screening to define the problem: Legionella exposure in an electric power company. 
  • Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. 
  • Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic. 
  • Orthopaedic surgeon workforce and volume assessment for total hip and knee replacement in the United States: preparing for an epidemic. 
  • Outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1), Los Lagos, Chile, April-June 2009. 
  • Outbreak of Invasive Wound Mucormycosis in a Burn Unit Due to Multiple Strains of Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides Resolved by Whole-Genome Sequencing. 
  • Outbreak of Salmonella javiana infection at a children's hospital. 
  • Outbreak of bacteremia due to Burkholderia contaminans linked to intravenous fentanyl from an institutional compounding pharmacy. 
  • Outbreak of bronchiolitis obliterans associated with consumption of Sauropus androgynus in Taiwan. 
  • Outbreak of febrile respiratory illness associated with human adenovirus type 14p1 in Gansu Province, China. 
  • Outbreak of influenza in highly vaccinated crew of U.S. Navy ship. 
  • Outbreak of leptospirosis among triathlon participants and community residents in Springfield, Illinois, 1998. 
  • Outbreak of neonatal Klebsiella septicaemia at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Appraisal of predisposing factors and preventive measures. 
  • Outbreak of psychosomatic illness at a rural elementary school. 
  • Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157 infections at multiple county agricultural fairs: a hazard of mixing cattle, concession stands and children. 
  • Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis associated with Norwalk-like viruses in campus settings. 
  • Overview: HIV/AIDS in the deep south region of the United States. 
  • Pandemic influenza planning: shouldn't swine and poultry workers be included? 
  • Paramyxovirus Outbreak in a Long-Term Care Facility: The Challenges of Implementing Infection Control Practices in a Congregate Setting. 
  • Pediatric HIV infection in Elista, Russia: interventional strategies. 
  • Postepizootic persistence of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Venezuela. 
  • Potential sources of the 1995 Venezuelan equine encephalitis subtype IC epidemic. 
  • Rapid global expansion of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis into declining and healthy amphibian populations. 
  • Reassortment of pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza A virus in swine. 
  • Recapitulation of the sexual cycle of the primary fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii: implications for an outbreak on Vancouver Island, Canada. 
  • Reduced virulence of an extensively drug-resistant outbreak strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a murine model. 
  • Respiratory diseases among U.S. military personnel: countering emerging threats. 
  • Respiratory syncytial virus outbreak in a long-term care facility detected using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction: an argument for real-time detection methods. 
  • Returning home: reflections on the USA's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. 
  • Reversible cardiac dysfunction associated with pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1). 
  • Risk factors for Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia among intensive care unit patients without cystic fibrosis: a case-control study. 
  • Risk factors for human anthrax among contacts of anthrax-infected livestock in Kazakhstan. 
  • Scombroid fish poisoning. Outbreak traced to commercially canned tuna fish. 
  • Serologic survey of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, Guangxi Province, China. 
  • Serological evidence of cross infection in a dialysis unit hepatitis-B epidemic. 
  • Sexual transmission of typhoid fever: a multistate outbreak among men who have sex with men. 
  • Sharing Shigella: risk factors for a multicommunity outbreak of shigellosis. 
  • Shifting patterns: malaria dynamics and rainfall variability in an African highland. 
  • Shigellosis at sea: an outbreak aboard a passenger cruise ship. 
  • Shigellosis in the United States: five-year review of nationwide surveillance, 1964-1968. 
  • Shigellosis in the United States: ten-year review of nationwide surveillance, 1964-1973. 
  • Slowing the spread of HIV: agenda for the 1990s. 
  • Some state vaccination laws contribute to greater exemption rates and disease outbreaks in the United States. 
  • Sources of bioterrorism information among emergency physicians during the 2001 anthrax outbreak. 
  • Southeastern Center for Emerging Biologic Threats tabletop exercise: foodborne toxoplasmosis outbreak on college campuses. 
  • Spread of Cryptococcus gattii into Pacific Northwest region of the United States. 
  • Surveillance of foodborne disease in the United States, 1971-1972. 
  • Synergistic pandemics: confronting the global HIV and tuberculosis epidemics. 
  • Temporally structured metapopulation dynamics and persistence of influenza A H3N2 virus in humans. 
  • The AIDS epidemic: lessons learned? 
  • The HIV epidemic and the primary care physician. 
  • The HIV-AIDS pandemic at 25--the global response. 
  • The Trojan Chicken study, Minnesota. 
  • The adolescent obesity epidemic: why, how long, and what to do about it. 
  • The clinical and molecular epidemiology of community- and healthcare-acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis. 
  • The commercial marketing of healthy lifestyles to address the global child and adolescent obesity pandemic: prospects, pitfalls and priorities. 
  • The epidemic of obesity in American Indian communities and the need for childhood obesity-prevention programs. 
  • The ethics of care: social workers in an influenza pandemic. 
  • The impact of climate on the disease dynamics of cholera. 
  • The importance of including swine and poultry workers in influenza vaccination programs. 
  • The index case for the fungal meningitis outbreak in the United States. 
  • The pertussis vaccine controversy in Great Britain, 1974-1986. 
  • The predictive value of IL28B gene polymorphism for spontaneous clearance in a single source outbreak cohort is limited in patients carrying the CCR5Δ32 mutation. 
  • The relation of prophylactic inoculations to the onset of poliomyelitis. 1950. 
  • The role of nationwide nosocomial infection surveillance in detecting epidemic bacteremia due to contaminated intravenous fluids. 
  • The social injustice of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. 
  • Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains. 
  • Training initiatives within the AFHSC-Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System: support for IHR (2005). 
  • Transmissibility of swine flu at Fort Dix, 1976. 
  • Transmission of Hypervirulence traits via sexual reproduction within and between lineages of the human fungal pathogen cryptococcus gattii. 
  • Two-Phase Hospital-Associated Outbreak of Mycobacterium abscessus: Investigation and Mitigation. 
  • Type A botulism from commercially canned beef stew. 
  • Understanding the link between malaria risk and climate. 
  • Upper respiratory tract infections (URI). 
  • Using retrospective health data from the Gombe chimpanzee study to inform future monitoring efforts. 
  • Viral aseptic meningitis: 12 years' experience. 
  • Virulence and viremia characteristics of 1992 epizootic subtype IC Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses and closely related enzootic subtype ID strains. 
  • Virulence associated with outbreak-related strains of Burkholderia cepacia complex among a cohort of patients with bacteremia. 
  • Virus hunters: catching bugs in the field. 
  • Whole genome sequencing identifies circulating Beijing-lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Guatemala and an associated urban outbreak. 
  • Willingness of private physicians to be involved in smallpox preparedness and response activities. 
  • Yeast diversity sampling on the San Juan Islands reveals no evidence for the spread of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak to this locale. 
  • Zika virus: History, emergence, biology, and prospects for control. 
  • [New evidence of the antigenic relation between the viruses of epidemic neuropathy and the human nervous system. A study of the immune cellular response in patients with epidemic neuropathy and controls. A review of the topic]. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Banks, David L., Professor of the Practice of Statistical Science, Statistical Science
  • Clements III, Dennis Alfred, Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, School of Nursing
  • Cunningham, Coleen Kathryn, Professor of Pediatrics, Pathology
  • Grambow, Steven C., Assistant Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • McConnell, Eleanor Schildwachter, Associate Professor in the School of Nursing, with tenure, School of Nursing
  • Moehring, Rebekah, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases
  • Thomann, Wayne R., Assistant Professor of Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine & Community Health,Occupational & Environmental Medicine
  • Tsalik, Ephraim, Associate Professor of Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology