Electroconvulsive Therapy

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Novel Strategy for Continuation ECT in Geriatric Depression: Phase 2 of the PRIDE Study. 
  • A Step Toward Optimizing Treatment Schedules for Continuation ECT: Response to Rasmussen. 
  • A comparison of EEG signal dynamics in waking, after anesthesia induction and during electroconvulsive therapy seizures. 
  • A comparison of electroconvulsive therapy and combined phenelzine-amitriptyline in refractory depression. 
  • A comparison of inpatients with primary unipolar depression and depression secondary to anxiety. 
  • A conceptual introduction to cognitive remediation for memory deficits associated with right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • A feasibility study of a new method for electrically producing seizures in man: focal electrically administered seizure therapy [FEAST]. 
  • A primate model of anterograde and retrograde amnesia produced by convulsive treatment. 
  • A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of bilateral and right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy at different stimulus intensities. 
  • A review of continuation electroconvulsive therapy: application, safety, and efficacy. 
  • A systematic review of the combined use of electroconvulsive therapy and psychotherapy for depression. 
  • Absence of histological lesions in primate models of ECT and magnetic seizure therapy. 
  • Acute effects of electroconvulsive therapy on brain stem auditory-evoked potentials. 
  • Anesthetic considerations for magnetic seizure therapy: a novel therapy for severe depression. 
  • Animal models of the mechanisms of action of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTMS): comparisons with electroconvulsive shock (ECS). 
  • Antidepressant response to electroconvulsive therapy is sustained after catecholamine depletion. 
  • Applications of TMS to therapy in psychiatry. 
  • Applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic seizure therapy in the study and treatment of disorders related to cerebral aging. 
  • Astrocytic activation as evidence for brain damage. 
  • Augmentation of ECT seizures with caffeine. 
  • Autobiographical amnesia with ECT: an analysis of the roles of stimulus wave form, electrode placement, stimulus energy, and seizure length. 
  • Back to the basics: electricity and ECT. 
  • Beta-blockers and depression. 
  • Bifrontal, bitemporal and right unilateral electrode placement in ECT: randomised trial. 
  • Biological and social predictors of long-term geriatric depression outcome. 
  • Brain anatomic effects of electroconvulsive therapy. A prospective magnetic resonance imaging study. 
  • Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in ECT-induced delirium. 
  • Brain network properties in depressed patients receiving seizure therapy: A graph theoretical analysis of peri-treatment resting EEG. 
  • Brief pulse and ultrabrief pulse right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for major depression: efficacy, effectiveness, and cognitive effects. 
  • Caffeine augmentation of ECT. 
  • Carbon monoxide-related organic mood disorder successfully treated with ECT. 
  • Cardiac implications of increased arterial entry and reversible 24-h central and peripheral norepinephrine levels in melancholia. 
  • Cardiovascular response to unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 14-2008. A 78-year-old man with anergia and anhedonia associated with cardiovascular surgery. 
  • Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma free cortisol concentrations in depression. 
  • Changes in seizure threshold over the course of electroconvulsive therapy affect therapeutic response and are detected by ictal EEG ratings. 
  • Changes in serial dexamethasone suppression tests among unipolar depressive receiving electroconvulsive treatment. 
  • Combined catecholamine and indoleamine depletion following response to ECT. 
  • Comparison of electric field strength and spatial distribution of electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy in a realistic human head model. 
  • Comparison of seizure duration, ictal EEG, and cognitive effects of ketamine and methohexital anesthesia with ECT. 
  • Constant current vs constant voltage ECT devices. 
  • Continuation electroconvulsive therapy vs pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in major depression: a multisite study from the Consortium for Research in Electroconvulsive Therapy (CORE). 
  • Controlling stimulation strength and focality in electroconvulsive therapy via current amplitude and electrode size and spacing: comparison with magnetic seizure therapy. 
  • Convulsive therapy: 50 years later. 
  • Cost effectiveness of maintenance ECT. 
  • Decision model for the acute treatment of mania. 
  • Decrease in speech pause times with treatment of endogenous depression. 
  • Depression in late life. 
  • Depression in long-term care. 
  • Depression in the elderly. 
  • Depressive pseudodementia: a suggested diagnostic profile. 
  • Determinants of seizure threshold in ECT: benzodiazepine use, anesthetic dosage, and other factors. 
  • Differences in Seizure Expression Between Magnetic Seizure Therapy and Electroconvulsive Shock. 
  • Differential effects of high-dose magnetic seizure therapy and electroconvulsive shock on cognitive function. 
  • Differential heart rate response to magnetic seizure therapy (MST) relative to electroconvulsive therapy: a nonhuman primate model. 
  • Differential neurophysiological effects of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) and electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in non-human primates. 
  • Does change in ECT electrode placement help temporomandibular joint pain? 
  • ECT and TMS: past, present, and future. 
  • ECT and seizure threshold: effects of stimulus wave form and electrode placement. 
  • ECT failure rate among specific devices. 
  • ECT for an elderly man with psychotic depression and concurrent dementia. 
  • ECT in bipolar and unipolar depression: differences in speed of response. 
  • ECT in the presence of brain tumor and increased intracranial pressure: evaluation and reduction of risk. 
  • ECT in the treatment of status epilepticus. 
  • ECT seizure duration: reliability of manual and computer-automated determinations. 
  • ECT seizure therapeutic adequacy. 
  • ECT stimulus intensity: are present ECT devices too limited? 
  • ECT use in unipolar and bipolar depression. 
  • ECT-induced amnesia and postictal EEG suppression. 
  • ECT-induced delirium and further ECT: a case report. 
  • ECT-induced delirium in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease. 
  • ECT-induced status epilepticus and further ECT: a case report. 
  • ECT-induced status. 
  • EEG correlates of the response to ECT: a possible antidepressant role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 
  • EEG effects of ECT: implications for rTMS. 
  • EEG evidence of more "intense" seizure activity with bilateral ECT. 
  • Effect of ECT treatment number on the ictal EEG. 
  • Effect of anatomical variability on electric field characteristics of electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy: a parametric modeling study. 
  • Effect of anatomical variability on neural stimulation strength and focality in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and magnetic seizure therapy (MST). 
  • Effects of ECT on brain structure: a pilot prospective magnetic resonance imaging study. 
  • Effects of ECT on diabetes mellitus. An attempt to account for conflicting data. 
  • Effects of a right unilateral ultrabrief pulse electroconvulsive therapy course on health related quality of life in elderly depressed patients. 
  • Effects of chronic antidepressant drug administration and electroconvulsive shock on locus coeruleus electrophysiologic activity. 
  • Effects of electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with severe endogenous depression resistant to pharmacotherapy. 
  • Effects of electroconvulsive therapy on plasma vasopressin and oxytocin. 
  • Effects of pulse width and electrode placement on the efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Efficiency of outpatient ECT. 
  • Electric field characteristics of electroconvulsive therapy with individualized current amplitude: a preclinical study. 
  • Electric field strength and focality in electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy: a finite element simulation study. 
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy and All-Cause Mortality in Texas, 1998-2013. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and adolescents: a review and report of two cases of epilepsia partialis continua. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy device classification: response to FDA advisory panel hearing and recommendations. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy does not change serum CK, LD, or LD isoenzymes. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy does not damage the brain. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy for depression. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy for severe major depressive disorder after orthotopic liver transplantation. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy in the United States. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy in the United States: how often is it used? 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy in the medically ill. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy in the presence of brain tumor. Case reports and an evaluation of risk. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy in the presence of deep brain stimulation implants: electric field effects. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy is equally effective in unipolar and bipolar depression. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy of depression in patients with white matter hyperintensity. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy stimulus parameters: rethinking dosage. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy: an update. 
  • Electroconvulsive therapy: how effective is it? 
  • Electroconvulsive treatment and haloperidol: effects on pre- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors in rat brain. 
  • Evaluation of the Effects of Severe Depression on Global Cognitive Function and Memory. 
  • Exceptionally high seizure threshold: ECT device limitations. 
  • FDA considers classification of ECT. 
  • Flexible dosing schedules for continuation electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Focal brain stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): implications for the neural circuitry of depression. 
  • Focal electrically administered seizure therapy: a novel form of ECT illustrates the roles of current directionality, polarity, and electrode configuration in seizure induction. 
  • Focal prefrontal seizures induced by bilateral ECT. 
  • Hippocampal structural and functional changes associated with electroconvulsive therapy response. 
  • Hippocampal volume as a predictor of short-term ECT outcomes in older patients with depression. 
  • Hippocampal volume is associated with physician-reported acute cognitive deficits after electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • How Does Electroconvulsive Therapy Work? 
  • Hypothalamic--pituitary function in depressive illness: insensitivity to hylycaemia. 
  • Individualized Low-Amplitude Seizure Therapy: Minimizing Current for Electroconvulsive Therapy and Magnetic Seizure Therapy. 
  • Influence of L-triiodothyronine on memory following repeated electroconvulsive shock in rats: implications for human electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Influence of white matter conductivity anisotropy on electric field strength induced by electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Informed Consent for Electroconvulsive Therapy--Finding Balance. 
  • Ketamine ("Ketalar"): a safer anaesthetic for ECT. 
  • Key updates in the clinical application of electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • L-tryptophan in depression. 
  • Lack of relapse with tryptophan depletion following successful treatment with ECT. 
  • Late-life depression: how to treat patients with comorbid chronic illness. Interview by Alice V. Luddington. 
  • Leukoencephalopathy in elderly depressed patients referred for ECT. 
  • Limbic system-adrenal cortex regulation in depression and schizophrenia. 
  • MRI correlates of suicide attempt history in unipolar depression. 
  • Magnetic seizure therapy improves mood in refractory major depression. 
  • Magnetic seizure therapy of major depression. 
  • Maintenance ECT in schizophrenia: A systematic review. 
  • Major depression in later life. 
  • Major depressive disorder treatment guidelines in America and Europe. 
  • Managing depression in geriatric populations. 
  • Minimum Electric Field Exposure for Seizure Induction with Electroconvulsive Therapy and Magnetic Seizure Therapy. 
  • Monoamine precursors in the treatment of depression. 
  • More data on speed of remission with ECT in geriatric depression. 
  • Multifactorial determinants of the neurocognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Neuropathologic examination after 91 ECT treatments in a 92-year-old woman with late-onset depression. 
  • Neurophysiological characterization of high-dose magnetic seizure therapy: comparisons with electroconvulsive shock and cognitive outcomes. 
  • Neuropsychiatric considerations in the use of electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Neuropsychological aspects of disorientation. 
  • Neuropsychological effects and attitudes in patients following electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • New developments in electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy. 
  • Perceptual learning with right unilateral versus bilateral electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Practical issues in the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). 
  • Pre-ictal bispectral index values; are they accurate? 
  • Prediction of the utility of a switch from unilateral to bilateral ECT in the elderly using treatment 2 ictal EEG indices. 
  • Prolactin response to electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Prolactin response to electroconvulsive therapy: effects of electrode placement and stimulus dosage. 
  • Prolonged confusional state and EEG seizure activity following concurrent ECT and lithium use. 
  • Propranolol treatment of an ECT-related ventricular arrythmia. 
  • Psychomotor retardation in depression: biological underpinnings, measurement, and treatment. 
  • Psychosis and ketamine. 
  • Psychosocial and clinical predictors of unipolar depression outcome in older adults. 
  • Quantitative EEG during seizures induced by electroconvulsive therapy: relations to treatment modality and clinical features. II. Topographic analyses. 
  • Quick recovery of orientation after magnetic seizure therapy for major depressive disorder. 
  • Randomized controlled trial of the cognitive side-effects of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) and electroconvulsive shock (ECS). 
  • Rapid relief of severe major depressive disorder by use of preoperative ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Regional electric field induced by electroconvulsive therapy in a realistic finite element head model: influence of white matter anisotropic conductivity. 
  • Regional electric field induced by electroconvulsive therapy: a finite element simulation study. 
  • Relapse of depression after electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Relief of expressed suicidal intent by ECT: a consortium for research in ECT study. 
  • Reply to: Declining use of electroconvulsive therapy in U.S. general hospitals is not restricted to unipolar depression. 
  • Retrograde amnesia with electroconvulsive therapy: characteristics and implications. 
  • Right Unilateral Ultrabrief Pulse ECT in Geriatric Depression: Phase 1 of the PRIDE Study. 
  • Safety and feasibility of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) in major depression: randomized within-subject comparison with electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Safety and utility of acute electroconvulsive therapy for agitation and aggression in dementia. 
  • Safety of antipsychotics in the setting of QTc prolongation: the utility of the JT index. 
  • Scopolamine sleep treatment in private practise. 
  • Seizure induction with low-amplitude-current (0.5 A) electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Seizure length and clinical outcome in electroconvulsive therapy using methohexital or thiopental. 
  • Seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) II. The anticonvulsant effect of ECT. 
  • Seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy: I. Initial seizure threshold. 
  • Seizures terminable and interminable with ECT. 
  • Sequential comparison of L-tryptophan with E.C.T. in severe depression. 
  • Severe episode of depression in late life: the long road to recovery. 
  • Severity of subcortical gray matter hyperintensity predicts ECT response in geriatric depression. 
  • Severity of symptoms in chronically institutionalized geriatric schizophrenic patients. 
  • Simultaneous major depression and panic disorder: treatment with electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Sodium transfer from plasma to CSF in severe depressive illness. 
  • Somatic treatments for mood disorders. 
  • Speed of response and remission in major depressive disorder with acute electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): a Consortium for Research in ECT (CORE) report. 
  • Speed of response to electroconvulsive therapy compared with ketamine. 
  • Stimulation strength and focality of electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy in a realistic head model. 
  • Stimulation strength and focality of electroconvulsive therapy with individualized current amplitude: a preclinical study. 
  • Stimulus dosing with ECT: to titrate or not to titrate--that is the question. 
  • Subcortical structural changes in ECT-induced delirium. 
  • Symposium on atropine toxicity therapy; experience of use in private practice. 
  • The Duke Somatic Treatment Algorithm for Geriatric Depression (STAGED) approach. 
  • The FDA and ECT. 
  • The development and retrospective testing of an electroencephalographic seizure quality-based stimulus dosing paradigm with ECT. 
  • The effect of surgery on intraocular pressure fluctuations with electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with severe glaucoma. 
  • The effects of ECT stimulus dose and electrode placement on the ictal electroencephalogram: an intraindividual crossover study. 
  • The effects of electroconvulsive therapy on memory of autobiographical and public events. 
  • The efficacy of acute electroconvulsive therapy in atypical depression. 
  • The electrophysiology of ECT: relevance to mechanism of action. 
  • The ictal EEG as a marker of adequate stimulus intensity with unilateral ECT. 
  • The influence of anxiety and depression on outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease. 
  • The largest Lyapunov exponent of the EEG during ECT seizures as a measure of ECT seizure adequacy. 
  • The management of resistant depression. 
  • The monitoring and management of electrically induced seizures. 
  • The persistence of electroconvulsive therapy-induced changes in the electroencephalogram. 
  • The present use of electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • The psychiatric use of electrically induced seizures. 
  • The relative ability of three ictal EEG frequency bands to differentiate ECT seizures on the basis of electrode placement, stimulus intensity, and therapeutic response. 
  • The relative efficiency of altering pulse frequency or train duration when determining seizure threshold. 
  • The role of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression in the elderly. 
  • The role of stimulus waveform in therapeutic and adverse effects of ECT. 
  • The use of ECT within the Veterans Administration hospital system. 
  • The use of flumazenil in the anxious and benzodiazepine-dependent ECT patient. 
  • Therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a review. 
  • Time-to-remission from geriatric depression: psychosocial and clinical factors. 
  • Titrated moderately suprathreshold vs fixed high-dose right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy: acute antidepressant and cognitive effects. 
  • Toward individualized post-electroconvulsive therapy care: piloting the Symptom-Titrated, Algorithm-Based Longitudinal ECT (STABLE) intervention. 
  • Translational development strategy for magnetic seizure therapy. 
  • Treatment of early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. 
  • Treatment of the modal patient: does one size fit nearly all? 
  • Treatment optimization with ECT. 
  • Two-year outcome of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment of major depressive episodes. 
  • Unaltered neuronal and glial counts in animal models of magnetic seizure therapy and electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Update on magnetic seizure therapy: a novel form of convulsive therapy. 
  • Urinary free cortisol excretion in depression. 
  • Use of ECT in the United States in 1975, 1980, and 1986. 
  • Use of Expert Consultation in a Complex Case of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome Requiring Electroconvulsive Therapy. 
  • Use of caffeine to lengthen seizures in ECT. 
  • Vagus nerve stimulation: a new tool for brain research and therapy. 
  • Vascular nutritional correlates of late-life depression. 
  • White matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging: clinical and neuroanatomic correlates in the depressed elderly. 
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  Keywords of People

  • MacFall, James R., Adjunct Professor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology
  • McClintock, Shawn Michael, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Brain Stimulation and Neurophysiology