Enhancer Elements, Genetic

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 'Coreceptor tuning': cytokine signals transcriptionally tailor CD8 coreceptor expression to the self-specificity of the TCR. 
  • A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Enhancer Expression in Nearly 9000 Patient Samples. 
  • A T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer within the human T cell receptor delta locus. 
  • A barrier-type insulator forms a boundary between active and inactive chromatin at the murine TCRβ locus. 
  • A cis-regulatory map of the Drosophila genome. 
  • A complex intronic enhancer regulates expression of the CFTR gene by direct interaction with the promoter. 
  • A conserved transcriptional enhancer regulates RAG gene expression in developing B cells. 
  • A cooperative interaction between NF-kappa B and Sp1 is required for HIV-1 enhancer activation. 
  • A developmental switch from TCR delta enhancer to TCR alpha enhancer function during thymocyte maturation. 
  • A distal enhancer and an ultraconserved exon are derived from a novel retroposon. 
  • A dynamic H3K27ac signature identifies VEGFA-stimulated endothelial enhancers and requires EP300 activity. 
  • A human immunoglobulin gene reduces the incidence of lymphomas in c-Myc-bearing transgenic mice. 
  • A mechanism for expansion of regulatory T-cell repertoire and its role in self-tolerance. 
  • A new class of temporarily phenotypic enhancers identified by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic screening. 
  • A role for histone acetylation in the developmental regulation of VDJ recombination. 
  • A role of the CTCF binding site at enhancer Eα in the dynamic chromatin organization of the Tcra-Tcrd locus. 
  • A single transcription factor regulates evolutionarily diverse but functionally linked metabolic pathways in response to nutrient availability. 
  • A small regulatory element from chromosome 19 enhances liver-specific gene expression. 
  • A suppressor/enhancer screen in Drosophila reveals a role for wnt-mediated lipid metabolism in primordial germ cell migration. 
  • AP-1 subunits converge promiscuously at enhancers to potentiate transcription. 
  • Accessibility control of T cell receptor gene rearrangement in developing thymocytes. The TCR alpha/delta locus. 
  • Activation of TLX3 and NKX2-5 in t(5;14)(q35;q32) T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by remote 3'-BCL11B enhancers and coregulation by PU.1 and HMGA1. 
  • Adaptive Chromatin Remodeling Drives Glioblastoma Stem Cell Plasticity and Drug Tolerance. 
  • Allelic diversity in the TGFB1 regulatory region: characterization of novel functional single nucleotide polymorphisms. 
  • Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma-associated PAX3-FOXO1 promotes tumorigenesis via Hippo pathway suppression. 
  • An alignment-free method to identify candidate orthologous enhancers in multiple Drosophila genomes. 
  • An enhancer-based gene-therapy strategy for spatiotemporal control of cargoes during tissue repair. 
  • An enhancer-blocking element between alpha and delta gene segments within the human T cell receptor alpha/delta locus. 
  • An intergenic risk locus containing an enhancer deletion in 2q35 modulates breast cancer risk by deregulating IGFBP5 expression. 
  • Analysis of the role of E2A-encoded proteins in insulin gene transcription. 
  • Antiestrogen can establish nonproductive receptor complexes and alter chromatin structure at target enhancers. 
  • Assessing a role for enhancer-blocking activity in gene regulation within the murine T-cell receptor alpha/delta locus. 
  • BMI1 enhancer polymorphism underlies chromosome 10p12.31 association with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 
  • Biological responses to TGF-β in the mammary epithelium show a complex dependency on Smad3 gene dosage with important implications for tumor progression. 
  • Broad H3K4me3 is associated with increased transcription elongation and enhancer activity at tumor-suppressor genes. 
  • Bromodomain protein 4 discriminates tissue-specific super-enhancers containing disease-specific susceptibility loci in prostate and breast cancer. 
  • CBF, Myb, and Ets binding sites are important for activity of the core I element of the murine retrovirus SL3-3 in T lymphocytes. 
  • CHD7 targets active gene enhancer elements to modulate ES cell-specific gene expression. 
  • Cellular gene expression in papillomas of the choroid plexus from transgenic mice that express the simian virus 40 large T antigen. 
  • Characterization of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. Role in transcriptional regulation. 
  • Characterization of long G4-rich enhancer-associated genomic regions engaging in a novel loop:loop 'G4 Kissing' interaction. 
  • Chromatin Dynamics and the Development of the TCRα and TCRδ Repertoires. 
  • Chromatin architecture reorganization during stem cell differentiation. 
  • Coding and noncoding variants in EBF3 are involved in HADDS and simplex autism. 
  • Collaborative interactions between MEF-2 and Sp1 in muscle-specific gene regulation. 
  • Combinatorial and synergistic properties of CaMV 35S enhancer subdomains. 
  • Comparative analysis of metazoan chromatin organization. 
  • Comparative genome sequencing of Drosophila pseudoobscura: chromosomal, gene, and cis-element evolution. 
  • Complete sequence of a gene encoding a human type I keratin: sequences homologous to enhancer elements in the regulatory region of the gene. 
  • Comprehensive functional genomic resource and integrative model for the human brain. 
  • Connections and regulation of the human estrogen receptor. 
  • Cooperation among multiple transcription factors is required for access to minimal T-cell receptor alpha-enhancer chromatin in vivo. 
  • Core and region-enriched networks of behaviorally regulated genes and the singing genome. 
  • Correcting signal biases and detecting regulatory elements in STARR-seq data. 
  • Correction of glycogen storage disease type II by an adeno-associated virus vector containing a muscle-specific promoter. 
  • Correction of multiple striated muscles in murine Pompe disease through adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy. 
  • Creation of versatile cloning platforms for transgene expression and dCas9-based epigenome editing. 
  • DNA methylation atlas of the mouse brain at single-cell resolution. 
  • Decoding the role of regulatory element polymorphisms in complex disease. 
  • Decreased PPAR gamma expression compromises perigonadal-specific fat deposition and insulin sensitivity. 
  • Deletion of a splicing enhancer disrupts PLP1/DM20 ratio and myelin stability. 
  • Developmental activation of the TCR alpha enhancer requires functional collaboration among proteins bound inside and outside the core enhancer. 
  • Developmental regulation of VDJ recombination by the core fragment of the T cell receptor alpha enhancer. 
  • Differential contribution of cis-regulatory elements to higher order chromatin structure and expression of the CFTR locus. 
  • Differential molecular mechanism of the estrogen action that regulates lactoferrin gene in human and mouse. 
  • Differential regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 gene expression by specific NF-kappa B subunits in endothelial and epithelial cells. 
  • Differentiation of a catecholaminergic CNS cell line modifies tyrosine hydroxylase transcriptional regulation. 
  • Distinct and predictive chromatin signatures of transcriptional promoters and enhancers in the human genome. 
  • Distinct combinations of NF-kappa B subunits determine the specificity of transcriptional activation. 
  • Distinct roles for c-Myb and core binding factor/polyoma enhancer-binding protein 2 in the assembly and function of a multiprotein complex on the TCR delta enhancer in vivo. 
  • Does thalidomide affect IL-2 response and production? 
  • Drosophila TFIID binds to a conserved downstream basal promoter element that is present in many TATA-box-deficient promoters. 
  • E1A-mediated inhibition of myogenesis correlates with a direct physical interaction of E1A12S and basic helix-loop-helix proteins. 
  • E2A and IRF-4/Pip promote chromatin modification and transcription of the immunoglobulin kappa locus in pre-B cells. 
  • ETS transcription factors regulate an enhancer activity in the third intron of TNF-alpha. 
  • EWS-FLI1 utilizes divergent chromatin remodeling mechanisms to directly activate or repress enhancer elements in Ewing sarcoma. 
  • EZH2 regulates the transcription of estrogen-responsive genes through association with REA, an estrogen receptor corepressor. 
  • Early adaptive chromatin remodeling events precede pathologic phenotypes and are reinforced in the failing heart. 
  • Effect of allelic variation at the NACP-Rep1 repeat upstream of the alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) on transcription in a cell culture luciferase reporter system. 
  • Efficacy of gene therapy for a prototypical lysosomal storage disease (GSD-II) is critically dependent on vector dose, transgene promoter, and the tissues targeted for vector transduction. 
  • Enhancer Histone Acetylation Modulates Transcriptional Bursting Dynamics of Neuronal Activity-Inducible Genes. 
  • Enhancer RNAs predict enhancer-gene regulatory links and are critical for enhancer function in neuronal systems. 
  • Enhancer analysis of the mouse HNF-3 beta gene: regulatory elements for node/notochord and floor plate are independent and consist of multiple sub-elements. 
  • Enhancer control of local accessibility to V(D)J recombinase. 
  • Enhancer selection dictates gene expression responses in remote organs during tissue regeneration. 
  • Enhancer-blocking activity within the DNase I hypersensitive site 2 to 6 region between the TCR alpha and Dad1 genes. 
  • Enhancer-dependent and -independent steps in the rearrangement of a human T cell receptor delta transgene. 
  • Enhancer-derived long non-coding RNAs CCAT1 and CCAT2 at rs6983267 has limited predictability for early stage colorectal carcinoma metastasis. 
  • Epigenetic propagation of CD4 expression is established by the Cd4 proximal enhancer in helper T cells. 
  • Epigenome editing by a CRISPR-Cas9-based acetyltransferase activates genes from promoters and enhancers. 
  • Epigenomic comparison reveals activation of "seed" enhancers during transition from naive to primed pluripotency. 
  • Evasion of immune responses to introduced human acid alpha-glucosidase by liver-restricted expression in glycogen storage disease type II. 
  • Evolution. CNCing is believing. 
  • Flanking nuclear matrix attachment regions synergize with the T cell receptor delta enhancer to promote V(D)J recombination. 
  • Flexible stereospecific interactions and composition within nucleoprotein complexes assembled on the TCR alpha gene enhancer. 
  • Functional heterogeneity of mammalian TATA-box sequences revealed by interaction with a cell-specific enhancer. 
  • Gamma-globin gene promoter elements required for interaction with globin enhancers. 
  • Gene segment selection in V(D)J recombination: accessibility and beyond. 
  • Genetics. Enhancing gene regulation. 
  • Genome-Wide Meta-Analyses of Breast, Ovarian, and Prostate Cancer Association Studies Identify Multiple New Susceptibility Loci Shared by at Least Two Cancer Types. 
  • Genome-wide identification of regulatory elements in Sertoli cells. 
  • Genomic Views of Transcriptional Enhancers: Essential Determinants of Cellular Identity and Activity-Dependent Responses in the CNS. 
  • Genomic distribution of CHD7 on chromatin tracks H3K4 methylation patterns. 
  • Genomic divergence and brain evolution: How regulatory DNA influences development of the cerebral cortex. 
  • Germline polymorphisms in an enhancer of PSIP1 are associated with progression-free survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. 
  • Glucocorticoid receptor recruits to enhancers and drives activation by motif-directed binding. 
  • Glucocorticoid receptor triggers a reversible drug-tolerant dormancy state with acquired therapeutic vulnerabilities in lung cancer. 
  • High levels of human gamma-globin gene expression in adult mice carrying a transgene of deletion-type hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. 
  • Highly specific epigenome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 repressors for silencing of distal regulatory elements. 
  • HoxC5 and miR-615-3p target newly evolved genomic regions to repress hTERT and inhibit tumorigenesis. 
  • Human-chimpanzee differences in a FZD8 enhancer alter cell-cycle dynamics in the developing neocortex. 
  • Identification and requirements of enhancers that direct gene expression during zebrafish fin regeneration. 
  • Identification of a muscle-specific enhancer within the 5'-flanking region of the human myoglobin gene. 
  • Identification of a new subclass of Alu DNA repeats which can function as estrogen receptor-dependent transcriptional enhancers. 
  • Identification of a novel epigenetic regulatory region within the pluripotency associated microRNA cluster, EEmiRC. 
  • Identification of an enhancer element in the estrogen receptor upstream region: implications for regulation of ER transcription in breast cancer. 
  • Identification of an essential site for transcriptional activation within the human T-cell receptor delta enhancer. 
  • Identification of enhancer regulatory elements that direct epicardial gene expression during zebrafish heart regeneration. 
  • Identification of independent association signals and putative functional variants for breast cancer risk through fine-scale mapping of the 12p11 locus. 
  • Identification of negative and positive regulatory elements in the human renin gene. 
  • Identification of novel steroid-response elements. 
  • Identification of potential regulatory regions in the renin gene. 
  • Identification of the sequences within the human complement 3 promoter required for estrogen responsiveness provides insight into the mechanism of tamoxifen mixed agonist activity. 
  • Importance of a c-Myb binding site for lymphomagenesis by the retrovirus SL3-3. 
  • In vivo functional analysis of in vitro protein binding sites in the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. 
  • Indistinguishable nuclear factor binding to functional core sites of the T-cell receptor delta and murine leukemia virus enhancers. 
  • Integrated paired-end enhancer profiling and whole-genome sequencing reveals recurrent CCNE1 and IGF2 enhancer hijacking in primary gastric adenocarcinoma. 
  • Intestinal transcription and synthesis of apolipoprotein AI is regulated by five natural polymorphisms upstream of the apolipoprotein CIII gene. 
  • Intronic enhancers coordinate epithelial-specific looping of the active CFTR locus. 
  • Involvement of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis. 
  • Isolation of two E-box binding factors that interact with the rat tyrosine hydroxylase enhancer. 
  • JAK2 is required for induction of the murine DUB-1 gene. 
  • Lineage-Specific Genome Architecture Links Enhancers and Non-coding Disease Variants to Target Gene Promoters. 
  • Lineage-specific compaction of Tcrb requires a chromatin barrier to protect the function of a long-range tethering element. 
  • Long-distance regulation of fetal V(δ) gene segment TRDV4 by the Tcrd enhancer. 
  • MEF2 responds to multiple calcium-regulated signals in the control of skeletal muscle fiber type. 
  • Mechanisms of progesterone receptor inhibition of inflammatory responses in cellular models of breast cancer. 
  • Minimal and inducible regulation of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in human gliomas. 
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases enhance long-range activation by the beta-globin locus control region. 
  • Modulation of coreceptor transcription during positive selection dictates lineage fate independently of TCR/coreceptor specificity. 
  • Modulation of progesterone receptor binding to progesterone response elements by positioned nucleosomes. 
  • Modulation of tissue repair by regeneration enhancer elements. 
  • Mouse microcytic anaemia caused by a defect in the gene encoding the globin enhancer-binding protein NF-E2. 
  • Myocyte nuclear factor, a novel winged-helix transcription factor under both developmental and neural regulation in striated myocytes. 
  • NAD metabolic dependency in cancer is shaped by gene amplification and enhancer remodelling. 
  • Neurobiological functions of transcriptional enhancers. 
  • Neuronal and glial 3D chromatin architecture informs the cellular etiology of brain disorders. 
  • Nuclear expression of the 50- and 65-kD Rel-related subunits of nuclear factor-kappa B is differentially regulated in human monocytic cells. 
  • Nuclear protein CBP is a coactivator for the transcription factor CREB. 
  • Oligodendroglial and pan-neural crest expression of Cre recombinase directed by Sox10 enhancer. 
  • PLP1 alternative splicing in differentiating oligodendrocytes: characterization of an exonic splicing enhancer. 
  • Phospho-MED1-enhanced UBE2C locus looping drives castration-resistant prostate cancer growth. 
  • Promoters, enhancers, and transcription target RAG1 binding during V(D)J recombination. 
  • Real-time imaging of morphogenetic movements in Drosophila using Gal4-UAS-driven expression of GFP fused to the actin-binding domain of moesin. 
  • Reconstitution of the vitamin D-responsive osteocalcin transcription unit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Regulation of TCR delta and alpha repertoires by local and long-distance control of variable gene segment chromatin structure. 
  • Regulation of TCRβ allelic exclusion by gene segment proximity and accessibility. 
  • Regulation of chromatin accessibility and Zic binding at enhancers in the developing cerebellum. 
  • Regulation of chromatin accessibility for V(D)J recombination. 
  • Regulation of the T-cell receptor delta enhancer by functional cooperation between c-Myb and core-binding factors. 
  • Regulation of the murine Ddelta2 promoter by upstream stimulatory factor 1, Runx1, and c-Myb. 
  • Regulation of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in INS-1 beta-cells by oleic acid. 
  • Resolving Heart Regeneration by Replacement Histone Profiling. 
  • Resource base influences genome-wide DNA methylation levels in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus). 
  • Retroviral vector gene expression in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. 
  • Reward-related ventral striatum reactivity mediates gender-specific effects of a galanin remote enhancer haplotype on problem drinking. 
  • Roles of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins in regulation of liver regenerative growth. 
  • SV40 enhancer-binding factors are required at the establishment but not the maintenance step of enhancer-dependent transcriptional activation. 
  • Secondary structure creates mismatched base pairs required for high-affinity binding of cAMP response element-binding protein to the human enkephalin enhancer. 
  • Sequences flanking the pentanucleotide T-antigen binding sites in the polyomavirus core origin help determine selectivity of DNA replication. 
  • Solution structure of the core NFATC1/DNA complex. 
  • Some nuts are tougher to crack than others. 
  • Sp and GATA factors are critical for Apolipoprotein AI downstream enhancer activity in human HepG2 cells. 
  • Stimulation of slow skeletal muscle fiber gene expression by calcineurin in vivo. 
  • Subtype-specific 3D genome alteration in acute myeloid leukaemia. 
  • Suppression of leukaemia virus pathogenicity by polyoma virus enhancers. 
  • Suppressor and activator functions mediated by a repeated heptad sequence in the liver fatty acid-binding protein gene (Fabpl). Effects on renal, small intestinal, and colonic epithelial cell gene expression in transgenic mice. 
  • T-cell receptor α enhancer is inactivated in αβ T lymphocytes. 
  • Tcra gene recombination is supported by a Tcra enhancer- and CTCF-dependent chromatin hub. 
  • Temporal and lineage-specific control of T cell receptor alpha/delta gene rearrangement by T cell receptor alpha and delta enhancers. 
  • The SV40 core sequence functions as a repressor element in yeast. 
  • The Ties that Bind (the Igh Locus). 
  • The cyclic AMP response element directs tyrosine hydroxylase expression in catecholaminergic central and peripheral nervous system cell lines from transgenic mice. 
  • The endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer can activate tandem VH promoters separated by a large distance. 
  • The mast cell-specific expression of a protease gene, RMCP II, is regulated by an enhancer element that binds specifically to mast cell trans-acting factors. 
  • The murine DUB-1 gene is specifically induced by the betac subunit of interleukin-3 receptor. 
  • The need for enhancers in gene expression first appears during mouse development with formation of the zygotic nucleus. 
  • The upstream enhancer elements of the G6PC promoter are critical for optimal G6PC expression in murine glycogen storage disease type Ia. 
  • Therapeutic targeting of ependymoma as informed by oncogenic enhancer profiling. 
  • Three new adenosine deaminase mutations that define a splicing enhancer and cause severe and partial phenotypes: implications for evolution of a CpG hotspot and expression of a transduced ADA cDNA. 
  • Three-tiered role of the pioneer factor GATA2 in promoting androgen-dependent gene expression in prostate cancer. 
  • Tissue-specific expression from CaMV 35S enhancer subdomains in early stages of plant development. 
  • Tissue-specific expression of the rat androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin gene in transgenic mice. 
  • Trans-ethnic Meta-analysis and Functional Annotation Illuminates the Genetic Architecture of Fasting Glucose and Insulin. 
  • Transcription factor AP-2 regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression. 
  • Transcription inhibits the replication of autonomously replicating plasmids in human cells. 
  • Transcription of the RelB gene is regulated by NF-kappaB. 
  • Transcription-dependent mobilization of nucleosomes at accessible TCR gene segments in vivo. 
  • Transcription-factor-dependent enhancer transcription defines a gene regulatory network for cardiac rhythm. 
  • Transcriptional Timers Regulating Mitosis in Early Drosophila Embryos. 
  • Transcriptional regulation of N-acetylglutamate synthase. 
  • Transcriptome and epigenome landscape of human cortical development modeled in organoids. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta stimulates the human immunodeficiency virus 1 enhancer and requires NF-kappaB activity. 
  • Transient requirement for ganglion cells during assembly of retinal synaptic layers. 
  • Translation by the adenovirus tripartite leader: elements which determine independence from cap-binding protein complex. 
  • UG4 enhancer-driven GATA-2 and bone morphogenetic protein 4 complementation remedies the CAKUT phenotype in Gata2 hypomorphic mutant mice. 
  • Unusual Rel-like architecture in the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor NFATc. 
  • VHL Deficiency Drives Enhancer Activation of Oncogenes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. 
  • Whole-epigenome analysis in multiple myeloma reveals DNA hypermethylation of B cell-specific enhancers. 
  • c-Myb and core-binding factor/PEBP2 display functional synergy but bind independently to adjacent sites in the T-cell receptor delta enhancer. 
  • cAMP-dependent protein kinase is necessary for increased NF-E2.DNA complex formation during erythroleukemia cell differentiation. 
  • p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is the central regulator of cyclic AMP-dependent transcription of the brown fat uncoupling protein 1 gene. 
  • p45 NF-E2 regulates expression of thromboxane synthase in megakaryocytes. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Ciofani, Maria, Associate Professor of Integrative Immunobiology, Cell Biology
  • Krangel, Michael S., George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Immunology, Integrative Immunobiology
  • McDonnell, Donald Patrick, Glaxo-Wellcome Distinguished Professor of Molecular Cancer Biology, in the School of Medicine, Cell Biology
  • Wray, Gregory Allan, Professor of Biology, Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Zhong, Xiaoping, Professor of Pediatrics, Integrative Immunobiology