Biological Evolution

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Giant" tamarin from the Miocene of Colombia. 
  • 100 years of primate paleontology. 
  • 50 million years of genomic stasis in endosymbiotic bacteria. 
  • A Bayesian Approach to Inferring Rates of Selfing and Locus-Specific Mutation. 
  • A COSII genetic map of the pepper genome provides a detailed picture of synteny with tomato and new insights into recent chromosome evolution in the genus Capsicum. 
  • A Drosophila CREB/CREM homolog encodes multiple isoforms, including a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase-responsive transcriptional activator and antagonist. 
  • A Hypothesis for the Composition of the Tardigrade Brain and its Implications for Panarthropod Brain Evolution. 
  • A Y-chromosomal DNA fragment is conserved in human and chimpanzee. 
  • A broad survey of hydraulic and mechanical safety in the xylem of conifers. 
  • A calcaneus attributable to the primitive late Eocene anthropoid Proteopithecus sylviae: phenetic affinities and phylogenetic implications. 
  • A common ankyrin-G-based mechanism retains KCNQ and NaV channels at electrically active domains of the axon. 
  • A comparative analysis of egg provisioning using mass spectrometry during rapid life history evolution in sea urchins. 
  • A comparison of two methods for constructing evolutionary distances from a weighted contribution of transition and transversion differences. 
  • A complexity drain on cells in the evolution of multicellularity. 
  • A coupled geomorphic and ecological model of tidal marsh evolution. 
  • A cytonuclear incompatibility causes anther sterility in Mimulus hybrids. 
  • A generalized least-squares estimate for the origin of sporophytic self-incompatibility. 
  • A genomic survey of positive selection in Burkholderia pseudomallei provides insights into the evolution of accidental virulence. 
  • A linkage map reveals a complex basis for segregation distortion in an interpopulation cross in the moss Ceratodon purpureus. 
  • A mechanistic study of evolvability using the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. 
  • A mole rat's gut microbiota suggests selective influence of diet on microbial niche space and evolution. 
  • A multidimensional approach for detecting species patterns in Malagasy vertebrates. 
  • A necessarily complex model to explain the biogeography of the amphibians and reptiles of Madagascar. 
  • A new fossil cercopithecid tibia from Laetoli and its implications for positional behavior and paleoecology. 
  • A new pitheciin primate from the middle Miocene of Argentina. 
  • A partial pelvis of Australopithecus sediba. 
  • A phylogenetic estimation of trophic transition networks for ascomycetous fungi: are lichens cradles of symbiotrophic fungal diversification? 
  • A potential role for glucose transporters in the evolution of human brain size. 
  • A preliminary analysis of correlated evolution in Mammalian chewing motor patterns. 
  • A preliminary analysis of correlations between chewing motor patterns and mandibular morphology across mammals. 
  • A prescription for clinical immunology: the pills are available and ready for testing. A review. 
  • A quantitative formulation of biology's first law. 
  • A refined model of the genomic basis for phenotypic variation in vertebrate hemostasis. 
  • A rheostat model for a rapid and reversible form of imprinting-dependent evolution. 
  • A simple method for computing exact probabilities of mutation numbers. 
  • A simulation test of Smith's "Degrees of freedom" correction for comparative studies. 
  • A unified theory for the energy cost of legged locomotion. 
  • A unique advantage for giant eyes in giant squid. 
  • A wider pelvis does not increase locomotor cost in humans, with implications for the evolution of childbirth. 
  • Adaptive feeding across environmental gradients and its effect on population dynamics. 
  • Aging and fertility patterns in wild chimpanzees provide insights into the evolution of menopause. 
  • Allometry, Scaling, and Ontogeny of Form-An Introduction to the Symposium. 
  • Allotetraploid Mimulus sookensis are highly interfertile despite independent origins. 
  • Altered trans-regulatory control of gene expression in multiple anthocyanin genes contributes to adaptive flower color evolution in Mimulus aurantiacus. 
  • An ethmoid exposure (os planum) in the orbit of Indri indri (Primates, Lemuriformes). 
  • An evolutionarily conserved mechanism delimiting SHR movement defines a single layer of endodermis in plants. 
  • An obligately photosynthetic bacterial anaerobe from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. 
  • Analyses of transcriptome sequences reveal multiple ancient large-scale duplication events in the ancestor of Sphagnopsida (Bryophyta). 
  • Analysis of a chalcone synthase mutant in Ipomoea purpurea reveals a novel function for flavonoids: amelioration of heat stress. 
  • Analysis of synaptic gene expression in the neocortex of primates reveals evolutionary changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission. 
  • Analysis of the junction between ribosomal RNA genes and single-copy chromosomal sequences in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Ancient and novel small RNA pathways compensate for the loss of piRNAs in multiple independent nematode lineages. 
  • Ancient and recent patterns of geographic speciation in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus revealed by phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences. 
  • Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates. 
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme and genetic hypertension: cloning of rat cDNAs and characterization of the enzyme. 
  • Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences. 
  • Antagonistic selection and pleiotropy constrain the evolution of plant chemical defenses. 
  • Anthropoid origins. 
  • Anthropology. New World monkey origins. 
  • Antibody-virus co-evolution in HIV infection: paths for HIV vaccine development. 
  • Antioxidant defenses in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) exposed to contaminated sediments and model prooxidants: short-term and heritable responses. 
  • Antiphonal laughter in developing friendships. 
  • Application and accuracy of molecular phylogenies. 
  • Applying developmental threshold models to evolutionary ecology. 
  • Are neuromotor systems conserved in evolution? 
  • Are we looking for loads in all the right places? New research directions for studying the masticatory apparatus of New World monkeys. 
  • Aridity drove the evolution of extreme embolism resistance and the radiation of conifer genus Callitris. 
  • Arrays in rays: terminal addition in echinoderms and its correlation with gene expression. 
  • Assessing sources of error in comparative analyses of primate behavior: Intraspecific variation in group size and the social brain hypothesis. 
  • Assignment of the agent of Tyzzer's disease to Clostridium piliforme comb. nov. on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis. 
  • Assignment of the beta-subunit of rod photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase gene PDEB (homolog of the mouse rd gene) to human chromosome 4p16. 
  • Astragalar and calcaneal morphology of the middle Eocene primate Anchomomys frontanyensis (Anchomomyini): Implications for early primate evolution. 
  • Auditory morphology and hearing sensitivity in fossil New World monkeys. 
  • Australopithecus sediba hand demonstrates mosaic evolution of locomotor and manipulative abilities. 
  • Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like australopith from South Africa. 
  • Avian Binocularity and Adaptation to Nocturnal Environments: Genomic Insights from a Highly Derived Visual Phenotype. 
  • Avian brains and a new understanding of vertebrate brain evolution. 
  • Barnacle cement: a polymerization model based on evolutionary concepts. 
  • Basal anthropoids from Egypt and the antiquity of Africa's higher primate radiation. 
  • Basicranium and face: Assessing the impact of morphological integration on primate evolution. 
  • Behaviourally driven gene expression reveals song nuclei in hummingbird brain. 
  • Beliefs about God, psychiatric symptoms, and evolutionary psychiatry. 
  • Beliefs, mental health, and evolutionary threat assessment systems in the brain. 
  • Best practices for germ-free derivation and gnotobiotic zebrafish husbandry. 
  • Beyond Arabidopsis. Translational biology meets evolutionary developmental biology. 
  • Binding sites of the 9- and 14-kilodalton heterodimeric protein subunit of the signal recognition particle (SRP) are contained exclusively in the Alu domain of SRP RNA and contain a sequence motif that is conserved in evolution. 
  • Biodiversity and Topographic Complexity: Modern and Geohistorical Perspectives. 
  • Biodiversity. Extinction by numbers. 
  • Biogeographic analysis of the woody plants of the Southern Appalachians: Implications for the origins of a regional flora. 
  • Biogeography and ecological setting of Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents. 
  • Biogeography in deep time - What do phylogenetics, geology, and paleoclimate tell us about early platyrrhine evolution? 
  • Biomechanics of Mammalian Feeding and Primate Evolution. Proceedings of a symposium. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. April 9-13, 1996. 
  • Biomechanics of running indicates endothermy in bipedal dinosaurs. 
  • Blurring the edges in vertebrate sex determination. 
  • Body language: The interplay between positional behavior and gestural signaling in the genus Pan and its implications for language evolution. 
  • Body size, brain size, and sexual dimorphism in Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber. 
  • Bone remodeling as a spatial evolutionary game. 
  • Bone-associated gene evolution and the origin of flight in birds. 
  • Bonobo but not chimpanzee infants use socio-sexual contact with peers. 
  • Bonobos and chimpanzees exhibit human-like framing effects. 
  • Bonobos exhibit delayed development of social behavior and cognition relative to chimpanzees. 
  • Brain cholecystokinin receptors. Binding characteristics, covalent cross-linking, and evolutionary aspects. 
  • Brain development, song learning and mate choice in birds: a review and experimental test of the "nutritional stress hypothesis". 
  • Brain evolution across the Puerto Rican anole radiation. 
  • Brain evolution by brain pathway duplication. 
  • Branching out: origins of the sea urchin larval skeleton in development and evolution. 
  • Breaking evolution's chains: the prospect of deliberate genetic modification in humans. 
  • Brief communication: Forelimb compliance in arboreal and terrestrial opossums. 
  • Bryophyte diversity and evolution: windows into the early evolution of land plants. 
  • Buffering of life histories against environmental stochasticity: accounting for a spurious correlation between the variabilities of vital rates and their contributions to fitness. 
  • Calmodulin--an intracellular calcium receptor. 
  • Capturing escape in infectious disease dynamics. 
  • Cell biology. A fungal Achilles' heel. 
  • Cell structure and dynamics. 
  • Cell-based models of coagulation: a paradigm in evolution. 
  • Cetacean Skull Telescoping Brings Evolution of Cranial Sutures into Focus. 
  • Characterization of a chromosome-specific chimpanzee alpha satellite subset: evolutionary relationship to subsets on human chromosomes. 
  • Characterization of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK4. Identification of four splice variants. 
  • Charting the travels of copper in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. 
  • Chimpanzee locomotor energetics and the origin of human bipedalism. 
  • Chimpanzees and bonobos exhibit divergent spatial memory development. 
  • Chimpanzees recruit the best collaborators. 
  • Chlamydia muridarum evades growth restriction by the IFN-gamma-inducible host resistance factor Irgb10. 
  • Cholecystokinin and its receptors in vertebrates and invertebrates. 
  • Chromosomal organization of adrenergic receptor genes. 
  • Chromosome-specific subsets of human alpha satellite DNA: analysis of sequence divergence within and between chromosomal subsets and evidence for an ancestral pentameric repeat. 
  • Chronicling the birth of a discipline. 
  • Cladistic analysis and anthropoid origins. 
  • Classification tree methods provide a multifactorial approach to predicting insular body size evolution in rodents. 
  • Classifying the evolutionary and ecological features of neoplasms. 
  • Climbing and the daily energy cost of locomotion in wild chimpanzees: implications for hominoid locomotor evolution. 
  • Cloning and molecular characterization of the HgiCI restriction/modification system from Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpg9 reveals high similarity to BanI. 
  • Cloning of human and mouse brain cDNAs coding for S1, the second member of the mammalian elongation factor-1 alpha gene family: analysis of a possible evolutionary pathway. 
  • Co-evolution and plant resistance to natural enemies. 
  • Coevolution of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression. I. Mutation-selection balance at one and two loci. 
  • Coevolution of self-fertilization and inbreeding depression. II. Symmetric overdominance in viability. 
  • Coevolution of the major histocompatibility complex and the t-complex in the mouse. I. Generation and maintenance of high complementarity associations. 
  • Coevolution of the major histocompatibility complex and the t-complex in the mouse. II. Modification of response to sharing of histocompatibility antigens. 
  • Coevolution to the edge of chaos: coupled fitness landscapes, poised states, and coevolutionary avalanches. 
  • Comment on "Evolutionary paths underlying flower color variation in Antirrhinum". 
  • Comment on "Grasping primate origins". 
  • Commentary: When does understanding phenotypic evolution require identification of the underlying genes? 
  • Comparative embryology without a microscope: using genomic approaches to understand the evolution of development. 
  • Comparative expression analysis of the phosphocreatine circuit in extant primates: Implications for human brain evolution. 
  • Comparative genomics reveals insights into avian genome evolution and adaptation. 
  • Comparative genomics search for losses of long-established genes on the human lineage. 
  • Comparing levels of homoplasy in the primate skeleton. 
  • Comparing reference-based RNA-Seq mapping methods for non-human primate data. 
  • Comparing the linkage maps of the close relatives Arabidopsis lyrata and A. thaliana. 
  • Competition among body parts in the development and evolution of insect morphology. 
  • Competition for hummingbird pollination shapes flower color variation in Andean solanaceae. 
  • Complex evolutionary trajectories of sex chromosomes across bird taxa. 
  • Concerted evolution of alpha satellite DNA: evidence for species specificity and a general lack of sequence conservation among alphoid sequences of higher primates. 
  • Concerted evolution of primate alpha satellite DNA. Evidence for an ancestral sequence shared by gorilla and human X chromosome alpha satellite. 
  • Conflicting processes in the evolution of body size and development time. 
  • Connecting evolution, medicine, and public health. 
  • Consciousness and the natural method. 
  • Conserved immunoglobulin-like features in a family of periplasmic pilus chaperones in bacteria. 
  • Considering the role of social dynamics and positional behavior in gestural communication research. 
  • Constant mortality and fertility over age in Hydra. 
  • Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and the Evolutionary Biology of Energy Balance. 
  • Contemporaneous radiations of fungi and plants linked to symbiosis. 
  • Contrasts between adaptive coding and noncoding changes during human evolution. 
  • Contributions of North American endophytes to the phylogeny, ecology, and taxonomy of Xylariaceae (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota). 
  • Convergent and divergent evolution of genomic imprinting in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica. 
  • Convergent evolution of a complex fruit structure in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae). 
  • Convergent evolution of anthropoid-like adaptations in Eocene adapiform primates. 
  • Cortical visual areas I and II in the hedgehog: relation between evoked potential maps and architectonic subdivisions. 
  • Cortical visual areas in the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinesis): a correlation between cortical evoked potential maps and architectonic subdivisions. 
  • Cospeciation of gut microbiota with hominids. 
  • Costs of resistance and correlational selection in the multiple-herbivore community of Solanum carolinense. 
  • Craniofacial development in marsupial mammals: developmental origins of evolutionary change. 
  • Critical weight in the development of insect body size. 
  • Cross-species amplification, non-invasive genotyping, and non-Mendelian inheritance of human STRPs in Savannah baboons. 
  • Cultural conformity generates extremely stable traditions in bird song. 
  • Cumulative viral evolutionary changes in chronic hepatitis B virus infection precedes hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion. 
  • Cytoskeleton. Evolution in bacteria. 
  • Daily activity and light exposure levels for five species of lemurs at the Duke Lemur Center. 
  • Daniel G. Brinton's success on the road to obscurity, 1890-99. 
  • Darwinius masillae is a strepsirrhine--a reply to Franzen et al. (2009). 
  • Data archiving. 
  • Data archiving. 
  • Deconstructing the genesis of animal form. 
  • Deep divergence and rapid evolutionary rates in gut-associated Acetobacteraceae of ants. 
  • Defining functional DNA elements in the human genome. 
  • Defining spatial and temporal patterns of phylogeographic structure in Madagascar's iguanid lizards (genus Oplurus). 
  • Definition of a metal-dependent/Li(+)-inhibited phosphomonoesterase protein family based upon a conserved three-dimensional core structure. 
  • Deleterious mutations and genetic variation for flower size in Mimulus guttatus. 
  • Delimiting species without nuclear monophyly in Madagascar's mouse lemurs. 
  • Dental microstructure and life history in subfossil Malagasy lemurs. 
  • Dentition of Proteopithecus sylviae, an archaic anthropoid from the Fayum, Egypt. 
  • Dependence of morphometric allometries on the growth kinetics of body parts. 
  • Description of two genera and species of late Eocene Anthropoidea from Egypt. 
  • Design in nature, thermodynamics, and the constructal law: comment on "Life, hierarchy, and the thermodynamic machinery of planet Earth" by A. Kleidon. 
  • Development and ecology in the time of systems biology. 
  • Development and evolution of adaptive polyphenisms. 
  • Developmental causes of allometry: new models and implications for phenotypic plasticity and evolution. 
  • Developmental constraints on the evolution of wing-body allometry in Manduca sexta. 
  • Developmental evolution: how beetles evolved their shields. 
  • Developmental evolution: new paradigms and paradoxes. 
  • Developmental mechanisms of threshold evolution in a polyphenic beetle. 
  • Developmental regulatory genes and echinoderm evolution. 
  • Dietary inference from upper and lower molar morphology in platyrrhine primates. 
  • Dietary quality and encephalization in platyrrhine primates. 
  • Differences in (G+C) content between species: a commentary on Forsdyke's "chromosomal viewpoint" of speciation. 
  • Different ontogenetic patterns of testosterone production reflect divergent male reproductive strategies in chimpanzees and bonobos. 
  • Differential adaptation to a harsh granite outcrop habitat between sympatric Mimulus species. 
  • Differential changes in steroid hormones before competition in bonobos and chimpanzees. 
  • Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations. 
  • Disarming the mustard oil bomb. 
  • Discovery of a modified tetrapolar sexual cycle in Cryptococcus amylolentus and the evolution of MAT in the Cryptococcus species complex. 
  • Discovery of prosimian and afrotherian foamy viruses and potential cross species transmissions amidst stable and ancient mammalian co-evolution. 
  • Disruption of cell-cycle control by viral oncoproteins. 
  • Dissecting high-dimensional phenotypes with bayesian sparse factor analysis of genetic covariance matrices. 
  • Distinct functional roles of primate grasping hands and feet during arboreal quadrupedal locomotion. 
  • Divergence in How Genetic Pathways Respond to Environments. 
  • Divergent evolution in M6P/IGF2R imprinting from the Jurassic to the Quaternary. 
  • Divergent selection on flowering time contributes to local adaptation in Mimulus guttatus populations. 
  • Diversification and the evolution of dispersal ability in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae). 
  • Diversity and evolution of the primate skin microbiome. 
  • Diversity in the early tertiary anthropoidean radiation in Africa. 
  • Diversity in the realm of eukaryotic microbe form and function. 
  • Diversity in the weapons of sexual selection: horn evolution in the beetle genus Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). 
  • Diversity of ageing across the tree of life. 
  • Diversity of ankyrins in the brain. 
  • Do convergent developmental mechanisms underlie convergent phenotypes? 
  • Does evolutionary theory need a rethink? 
  • Does sleep play a role in memory consolidation? A comparative test. 
  • Dolphin foraging sounds suppress calling and elevate stress hormone levels in a prey species, the Gulf toadfish. 
  • Drawing inferences about the coancestry coefficient. 
  • Drosophila mutants suggest a strong drive toward complexity in evolution. 
  • Drug concentration heterogeneity facilitates the evolution of drug resistance. 
  • EMG of the human flexor pollicis longus muscle: implications for the evolution of hominid tool use. 
  • Earliest record of Platychoerops (Primates, Plesiadapidae), a new species from Mouras Quarry, Mont de Berru, France. 
  • Earliest record of a parapithecid anthropoid from the Jebel Qatrani formation, Northern Egypt. 
  • Early development of the neural plate, neural crest and facial region of marsupials. 
  • Early differentiation and migration of cranial neural crest in the opossum, Monodelphis domestica. 
  • Eco-evolutionary dynamics, density-dependent dispersal and collective behaviour: implications for salmon metapopulation robustness. 
  • Eco-evolutionary trophic dynamics: loss of top predators drives trophic evolution and ecology of prey. 
  • Ecological Drivers of Virus Evolution: Astrovirus as a Case Study. 
  • Ecological and evolutionary impacts of changing climatic variability. 
  • Ecology drives a global network of gene exchange connecting the human microbiome. 
  • Economy and Endurance in Human Evolution. 
  • Effects of feral cats on the evolution of anti-predator behaviours in island reptiles: insights from an ancient introduction. 
  • Efficient purging of deleterious mutations in plants with haploid selfing. 
  • Electromyography of the anterior temporalis and masseter muscles of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and the function of the postorbital septum. 
  • Elements of butterfly wing patterns. 
  • Emergence of the keratinocyte growth factor multigene family during the great ape radiation. 
  • Endocranial anatomy of the charadriiformes: sensory system variation and the evolution of wing-propelled diving. 
  • Endosymbiosis. 
  • Engineered cell-cell communication and its applications. 
  • Engineering microbial systems to explore ecological and evolutionary dynamics. 
  • Enhancing our brains: Genomic mechanisms underlying cortical evolution. 
  • Environment-dependent inbreeding depression: its ecological and evolutionary significance. 
  • Environmental and genetic influences on the germination of Arabidopsis thaliana in the field. 
  • Epidemiology, Evolution, and Recent Outbreaks of Avian Influenza Virus in China. 
  • Establishing Cerebral Organoids as Models of Human-Specific Brain Evolution. 
  • Estimating the normal background rate of species extinction. 
  • Eulemur, me lemur: the evolution of scent-signal complexity in a primate clade. 
  • Evidence for a common evolutionary origin of brain and pancreas cholecystokinin receptors. 
  • Evidence for a grooming claw in a North American adapiform primate: implications for anthropoid origins. 
  • Evidence for a single loss of mineralized teeth in the common avian ancestor. 
  • Evidence for an Evolutionarily Conserved Memory Coding Scheme in the Mammalian Hippocampus. 
  • Evidence for independent recruitment of zeta-crystallin/quinone reductase (CRYZ) as a crystallin in camelids and hystricomorph rodents. 
  • Evidence of mRNA-mediated intron loss in the human-pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Evo-devo beyond morphology: from genes to resource use. 
  • Evolution and allometry of calcaneal elongation in living and extinct primates. 
  • Evolution and biogeography of deep-sea vent and seep invertebrates. 
  • Evolution and development of the mammalian dentition: insights from the marsupial Monodelphis domestica. 
  • Evolution and sequence analysis of a human Y-chromosomal DNA fragment. 
  • Evolution in a spatially structured population subject to rare epidemics. 
  • Evolution of a complex eukaryotic gene. 
  • Evolution of a polyphenism by genetic accommodation. 
  • Evolution of alpha satellite. 
  • Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen-forming fungi. 
  • Evolution of dispersal distance. 
  • Evolution of eukaryotic microbial pathogens via covert sexual reproduction. 
  • Evolution of fungal sexual reproduction. 
  • Evolution of graded refractive index in squid lenses. 
  • Evolution of king crabs from hermit crab ancestors. 
  • Evolution of leaf form in marsileaceous ferns: evidence for heterochrony. 
  • Evolution of life cycle, colony morphology, and host specificity in the family Hydractiniidae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). 
  • Evolution of mixed strategies of plant defense allocation against natural enemies. 
  • Evolution of neocortex. 
  • Evolution of novel abdominal appendages in a sepsid fly from histoblasts, not imaginal discs. 
  • Evolution of pedal grasping in Primates. 
  • Evolution of plant resistance at the molecular level: ecological context of species interactions. 
  • Evolution of postural diversity in primates as reflected by the size and shape of the medial tibial facet of the talus. 
  • Evolution of resistance and progression to disease during clonal expansion of cancer. 
  • Evolution of sex: mating rituals of a pre-metazoan. 
  • Evolution of sexual systems, dispersal strategies and habitat selection in the liverwort genus Radula. 
  • Evolution of the MHC class I genes of a New World primate from ancestral homologues of human non-classical genes. 
  • Evolution of the earliest horses driven by climate change in the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. 
  • Evolution of the gene network underlying wing polyphenism in ants. 
  • Evolution of the primate visual system: anterograde degeneration studies of the tecto-pulvinar system. 
  • Evolution of the pulvinar. 
  • Evolution of the segregation ratio: modification of gene conversion and meiotic drive. 
  • Evolution of the sex ratio and effective number under gynodioecy and androdioecy. 
  • Evolution of visually guided behavior in artificial agents. 
  • Evolution of vocal learning and spoken language. 
  • Evolution under tight linkage to mating type. 
  • Evolution. CNCing is believing. 
  • Evolution. Chaperones as buffering agents? 
  • Evolution. Dogs hijack the human bonding pathway. 
  • Evolution. Fossils versus clocks. 
  • Evolution. Getting to the root of aging. 
  • Evolution. Traversing the adaptive landscape in snapdragons. 
  • Evolution: spot on (and off). 
  • Evolutionary and developmental origins of the cardiac neural crest: building a divided outflow tract. 
  • Evolutionary and ecological functional genomics. 
  • Evolutionary and ecological functional genomics. 
  • Evolutionary and ecological responses to anthropogenic climate change: update on anthropogenic climate change. 
  • Evolutionary biology: Communication and speciation. 
  • Evolutionary biology: significance of primate sexual swellings. 
  • Evolutionary characters, phenotypes and ontologies: curating data from the systematic biology literature. 
  • Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: sea urchins. 
  • Evolutionary design on a budget: robustness and optimality of bacteriophage T7. 
  • Evolutionary disequilibrium and activity period in primates: a bayesian phylogenetic approach. 
  • Evolutionary dissociations between homologous genes and homologous structures. 
  • Evolutionary dynamics and emergence of panzootic H5N1 influenza viruses. 
  • Evolutionary dynamics of self-incompatibility alleles in Brassica. 
  • Evolutionary dynamics of tumor progression with random fitness values. 
  • Evolutionary effects of contagious and familial transmission. 
  • Evolutionary genetics of plant adaptation. 
  • Evolutionary implications of primate endogenous retroviruses. 
  • Evolutionary implications of the unusual walking mechanics of the common marmoset (C. jacchus). 
  • Evolutionary mechanisms for eucaryotic genes. 
  • Evolutionary modification of cell lineage in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. 
  • Evolutionary optimality applied to Drosophila experiments: hypothesis of constrained reproductive efficiency. 
  • Evolutionary origin of the latitudinal diversity gradient in liverworts. 
  • Evolutionary origins of stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. 
  • Evolutionary perspectives on the role of oxytocin in human social behavior, social cognition and psychopathology. 
  • Evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses. 
  • Evolving science in adolescence: comment on Ellis et al. (2012). 
  • Experimental determination of rates of concerted evolution. 
  • Experimental evidence for multivariate stabilizing sexual selection. 
  • Exploring molecular diversity with combinatorial shape libraries. 
  • Exploring the Untapped Biosynthetic Potential of Apicomplexan Parasites. 
  • Exponential distance statistics to detect the effects of population subdivision. 
  • Extinction rates. Modern extinctions in the kilo-death range. 
  • Extrapolating weak selection in evolutionary games. 
  • FOXP2 variation in great ape populations offers insight into the evolution of communication skills. 
  • Factors associated with the diversification of the gut microbial communities within chimpanzees from Gombe National Park. 
  • Feather development genes and associated regulatory innovation predate the origin of Dinosauria. 
  • Feeding behavior, diet, and the functional consequences of jaw form in orangutans, with implications for the evolution of Pongo. 
  • Females drive primate social evolution. 
  • Fern genomes elucidate land plant evolution and cyanobacterial symbioses. 
  • Ferns diversified in the shadow of angiosperms. 
  • Fever: blessing or curse? 
  • First record of the Miocene hominoid Sivapithecus from Kutch, Gujarat state, western India. 
  • Five anthocyanin polymorphisms are associated with an R2R3-MYB cluster in Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae). 
  • Focus on butterfly eyespot development. 
  • Foliage shedding in deciduous forests lifts up long-distance seed dispersal by wind. 
  • Food material properties and mandibular load resistance abilities in large-bodied hominoids. 
  • Food mechanical properties, feeding ecology, and the mandibular morphology of wild orangutans. 
  • Forward to the special issue on sex determination. 
  • Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin for Madagascar's aye-aye. 
  • Founder effects persist despite adaptive differentiation: a field experiment with lizards. 
  • Freedom and purpose in biology. 
  • From Drosophila to humans: reflections on the roles of the prolyl isomerases and chaperones, cyclophilins, in cell function and disease. 
  • From bouncy legs to poisoned arrows: elastic movements in invertebrates. 
  • From movement to models: a tribute to professor Alan G. Hannam. 
  • From offshore to onshore: multiple origins of shallow-water corals from deep-sea ancestors. 
  • Frugivores and the evolution of fruit colour. 
  • Function and evolutionary conservation of distinct epitopes on the leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (TQ-1, Leu-8) that regulate leukocyte migration. 
  • Functional and evolutionary aspects of axial stability in euarchontans and other mammals. 
  • Functional and molecular analysis of liver arginase promoter sequences from man and Macaca fascicularis. 
  • Functional associations between support use and forelimb shape in strepsirrhines and their relevance to inferring locomotor behavior in early primates. 
  • Functional morphology of the Neandertal scapular glenoid fossa. 
  • Functional trait evolution in Sphagnum peat mosses and its relationship to niche construction. 
  • Fungal horizons: the Asilomar Fungal Genetics Conference 2007. 
  • Fungi that Infect Humans. 
  • Gene duplication in Mimulus underlies parallel floral evolution via independent trans-regulatory changes. 
  • Gene expression and larval evolution: changing roles of distal-less and orthodenticle in echinoderm larvae. 
  • Gene loss, adaptive evolution and the co-evolution of plumage coloration genes with opsins in birds. 
  • Genealogical and evolutionary inference with the human Y chromosome. 
  • Generalized linear mixed models: a practical guide for ecology and evolution. 
  • Generation-biased gene expression in a bryophyte model system. 
  • Genetic analysis of coevolution between plants and their natural enemies. 
  • Genetic architecture of quantitative flower and leaf traits in a pair of sympatric sister species of Primulina. 
  • Genetic basis and consequences of niche construction: plasticity-induced genetic constraints on the evolution of seed dispersal in Arabidopsis thaliana. 
  • Genetic basis of adaptive evolution of a polyphenism by genetic accommodation. 
  • Genetic changes associated with floral adaptation restrict future evolutionary potential. 
  • Genetic changes contributing to the parallel evolution of red floral pigmentation among Ipomoea species. 
  • Genetic divergence causes parallel evolution of flower color in Chilean Mimulus. 
  • Genetic diversity of feline immunodeficiency virus: dual infection, recombination, and distinct evolutionary rates among envelope sequence clades. 
  • Genetic evidence for a Paleolithic human population expansion in Africa. 
  • Genetic mechanisms and evolutionary significance of natural variation in Arabidopsis. 
  • Genetic recombination of poliovirus in a cell-free system. 
  • Genetic structure in a dynamic baboon hybrid zone corroborates behavioural observations in a hybrid population. 
  • Genetic variance and covariance for physiological traits in Lobelia: are there constraints on adaptive evolution? 
  • Genetic variation in horizontally transmitted fungal endophytes of pine needles reveals population structure in cryptic species. 
  • Genetics and evolution: an iOS application to supplement introductory courses in transmission and evolutionary genetics. 
  • Genetics of disease The sex chromosomes and human disease. 
  • Genetics of dispersal. 
  • Genetics of drought adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana: I. Pleiotropy contributes to genetic correlations among ecological traits. 
  • Genetics of hybrid male sterility among strains and species in the Drosophila pseudoobscura species group. 
  • Genetics of incipient speciation in Drosophila mojavensis. III. Life-history divergence in allopatry and reproductive isolation. 
  • Genome divergence in two Prochlorococcus ecotypes reflects oceanic niche differentiation. 
  • Genome wide analyses reveal little evidence for adaptive evolution in many plant species. 
  • Genomewide ancestry and divergence patterns from low-coverage sequencing data reveal a complex history of admixture in wild baboons. 
  • Genomic divergence and brain evolution: How regulatory DNA influences development of the cerebral cortex. 
  • Genomic organization of adrenergic and serotonin receptors in the mouse: linkage mapping of sequence-related genes provides a method for examining mammalian chromosome evolution. 
  • Genomic signatures of diet-related shifts during human origins. 
  • Geographic variation of caste structure among ant populations. 
  • Geographical variation in postzygotic isolation and its genetic basis within and between two Mimulus species. 
  • Giant deep-sea protist produces bilaterian-like traces. 
  • Global climate evolution during the last deglaciation. 
  • Gnotobiotic zebrafish reveal evolutionarily conserved responses to the gut microbiota. 
  • Grasping primate origins. 
  • Great ape walking kinematics: Implications for hominoid evolution. 
  • Great apes prefer cooked food. 
  • Great ranging associated with greater reproductive investment in mammals. 
  • Growth and patterning are evolutionarily dissociated in the vestigial wing discs of workers of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. 
  • HIV-1 intrapatient sequence diversity in the immunogenic V3 region. 
  • Hands of early primates. 
  • Haplotype exclusion and receptor editing: irreconcilable differences? 
  • Have gene knockouts caused evolutionary reversals in the mammalian first arch? 
  • Heterochrony and developmental timing mechanisms: changing ontogenies in evolution. 
  • Hierarchical complexity and the size limits of life. 
  • High-resolution computed tomography study of the cranium of a fossil anthropoid primate, Parapithecus grangeri: new insights into the evolutionary history of primate sensory systems. 
  • Hip extensor mechanics and the evolution of walking and climbing capabilities in humans, apes, and fossil hominins. 
  • Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. 
  • Holding-on: co-evolution between infant carrying and grasping behaviour in strepsirrhines. 
  • Homology and developmental genes. 
  • Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants. 
  • Hosts of avian brood parasites have evolved egg signatures with elevated information content. 
  • How does cognition evolve? Phylogenetic comparative psychology. 
  • How eco-evolutionary principles can guide tree breeding and tree biotechnology for enhanced productivity. 
  • How petals change their spots: cis-regulatory re-wiring in Clarkia (Onagraceae). 
  • How quickly do brains catch up with bodies? A comparative method for detecting evolutionary lag. 
  • How reliable is song learning accuracy as a signal of male early condition? 
  • How to make evolution-proof insecticides for malaria control. 
  • Human T cell antigen expression by primate T cells. 
  • Human mortality improvement in evolutionary context. 
  • Human origins. 
  • Human ribosomal RNA genes: orientation of the tandem array and conservation of the 5' end. 
  • Human-chimpanzee differences in a FZD8 enhancer alter cell-cycle dynamics in the developing neocortex. 
  • Human-like social skills in dogs? 
  • Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: the cultural intelligence hypothesis. 
  • Hybridization in postglacial marine habitats. 
  • Hypoglossal canal size in living hominoids and the evolution of human speech. 
  • Identification of a Lineage D Betacoronavirus in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) in Singapore and an Overview of Lineage D Reservoir Ecology in SE Asian Bats. 
  • Identification of a synaptic vesicle-specific membrane protein with a wide distribution in neuronal and neurosecretory tissue. 
  • Identification of major quantitative trait loci underlying floral pollination syndrome divergence in Penstemon. 
  • Identification of monomeric alpha-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors in birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, and purification and characterization of a monomeric alpha-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitor from the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. 
  • Immune-directed support of rich microbial communities in the gut has ancient roots. 
  • Inadequate intensity of various components of total environmental signals can lead to natural aging. 
  • Incorporation of a horizontally transferred gene into an operon during cnidarian evolution. 
  • Increasing water use efficiency along the C3 to C4 evolutionary pathway: a stomatal optimization perspective. 
  • Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor. 
  • Indirect evolution of hybrid lethality due to linkage with selected locus in Mimulus guttatus. 
  • Infectious disease, behavioural flexibility and the evolution of culture in primates. 
  • Inner ear evolution in primates through the Cenozoic: implications for the evolution of hearing. 
  • Insights into the evolution of human bipedalism from experimental studies of humans and other primates. 
  • Insights into the evolution of social systems and species from baboon studies. 
  • Interval mapping of viability loci causing heterosis in Arabidopsis. 
  • Into and out of the tropics: global diversification patterns in a hyperdiverse clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi. 
  • Is floral specialization an evolutionary dead-end? Pollination system transitions in Ruellia (Acanthaceae). 
  • It's Not Easy Being Blue: Are There Olfactory and Visual Trade-Offs in Plant Signalling? 
  • Kin selection, reciprocal altruism, and the principle of maximization: a reply to Sahlins. 
  • Late Miocene hominid from Fort Ternan, Kenya. 
  • Leadership in Mammalian Societies: Emergence, Distribution, Power, and Payoff. 
  • Leaf shape evolution has a similar genetic architecture in three edaphic specialists within the Mimulus guttatus species complex. 
  • Learned birdsong and the neurobiology of human language. 
  • Learning and evolution: a quantitative genetics approach. 
  • Lemurs. 
  • Lessons from flower colour evolution on targets of selection. 
  • Lessons learned from coordinating research on the North Atlantic (CORONA). 
  • Letter: Humerus of robust Australopithecus. 
  • Lichens. 
  • Life history in a model system: opening the black box with Arabidopsis thaliana. 
  • Life's a peach for anthropologists in atlanta. 
  • Linking big: the continuing promise of evolutionary synthesis. 
  • Lipoprotein(a) and its role in atherothrombotic disease. 
  • Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of dolichols and polyprenols, lipid sugar carriers across evolution. 
  • Localization and characterization of neuropeptide Y/peptide YY receptors in the brain of the smooth dogfish (Mustelis canis). 
  • Longitudinal recordings of the vocalizations of immature Gombe chimpanzees for developmental studies. 
  • Looking past the model species: diversity in gaze-following skills across primates. 
  • Low-copy nuclear sequence data confirm complex patterns of farina evolution in notholaenid ferns (Pteridaceae). 
  • Lower molar shape and size in prosimian and platyrrhine primates. 
  • M6P/IGF2R imprinting evolution in mammals. 
  • Macroevolution of Specificity in Cyanolichens of the Genus Peltigera Section Polydactylon (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota). 
  • Mainland size variation informs predictive models of exceptional insular body size change in rodents. 
  • Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors. 
  • Makers of the early Aurignacian of Europe. 
  • Making the case for orthogenesis: the popularization of definitely directed evolution (1890-1926). 
  • Mammalian odorant receptors: functional evolution and variation. 
  • Mammals and rainfall: paleoecology of the middle Miocene at La Venta (Colombia, South America). 
  • Marsupials and Eutherians reunited: genetic evidence for the Theria hypothesis of mammalian evolution. 
  • Masticatory stress, orbital orientation and the evolution of the primate postorbital bar. 
  • Materials science. Biomimetics and evolution. 
  • Maxwell's demons everywhere: evolving design as the arrow of time. 
  • Mechanical sensitivity and the dynamics of evolutionary rate shifts in biomechanical systems. 
  • Mechanical sensitivity reveals evolutionary dynamics of mechanical systems. 
  • Megafauna and ecosystem function from the Pleistocene to the Anthropocene. 
  • Meiotic mutants that cause a polar decrease in recombination on the X chromosome in Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain size and life history. 
  • Metabolic adaptation for low energy throughput in orangutans. 
  • Metabolic hypothesis for human altriciality. 
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an evolving pathogen. 
  • Mice without myoglobin. 
  • Microgeographic Patterns of Genetic Divergence and Adaptation across Environmental Gradients in Boechera stricta (Brassicaceae). 
  • Microsporidia evolved from ancestral sexual fungi. 
  • Mimulus is an emerging model system for the integration of ecological and genomic studies. 
  • Minor quantitative trait loci underlie floral traits associated with mating system divergence in Mimulus. 
  • Mitochondrial FtsZ in a chromophyte alga. 
  • Mitochondrial gene rearrangements confirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like form. 
  • Model of creation and evolution of stable electropores for DNA delivery. 
  • Modularity and rates of evolutionary change in a power-amplified prey capture system. 
  • Modularity and scaling in fast movements: power amplification in mantis shrimp. 
  • Molecular analysis of a deletion polymorphism in alpha satellite of human chromosome 17: evidence for homologous unequal crossing-over and subsequent fixation. 
  • Molecular clocks and the early evolution of metazoan nervous systems. 
  • Molecular cloning of cDNA that encode MHC class I molecules from a New World primate (Saguinus oedipus). Natural selection acts at positions that may affect peptide presentation to T cells. 
  • Molecular phylogeny of Heteroplacidium, Placidium, and related catapyrenioid genera (Verrucariaceae, lichen-forming Ascomycota). 
  • Morphological correlates of the grooming claw in distal phalanges of platyrrhines and other primates: a preliminary study. 
  • Morphological variation in Homo erectus and the origins of developmental plasticity. 
  • Morphology of the Homo naledi femora from Lesedi. 
  • Mosaic morphology in the thorax of Australopithecus sediba. 
  • Multi-tasking as an ancient skill: When one gene does many things well. 
  • Multilocus coalescent analyses reveal the demographic history and speciation patterns of mouse lemur sister species. 
  • Multivariate analyses of the hominid ulna from Klasies River mouth. 
  • Muscle force production during bent-knee, bent-hip walking in humans. 
  • Mutation accumulation may be a minor force in shaping life history traits. 
  • Mutational analysis of evolutionarily conserved ACTH residues. 
  • Mutational origin of new mating type specificities in flowering plants. 
  • Mutations in the medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) gene. 
  • Mutualism meltdown in insects: bacteria constrain thermal adaptation. 
  • NSF workshop report: discovering general principles of nervous system organization by comparing brain maps across species. 
  • Natural hybridization between genera that diverged from each other approximately 60 million years ago. 
  • Navigating the devious course of evolution: the importance of mechanistic models for identifying eco-evolutionary dynamics in nature. 
  • NeXML: rich, extensible, and verifiable representation of comparative data and metadata. 
  • Network connections that evolve to circumvent the inverse optics problem. 
  • Network-based diffusion analysis: a new method for detecting social learning. 
  • Neuroethology of decision-making. 
  • Neuroethology of primate social behavior. 
  • Neuroethology of reward and decision making. 
  • Neuropsychological mechanisms of interval timing behavior. 
  • New Palaeogene primate basicrania and the definition of the order Primates. 
  • New adapiform primate of Old World affinities from the Devil's Graveyard Formation of Texas. 
  • New perspectives on anthropoid origins. 
  • New primate first metatarsals from the Paleogene of Egypt and the origin of the anthropoid big toe. 
  • Next-generation polyploid phylogenetics: rapid resolution of hybrid polyploid complexes using PacBio single-molecule sequencing. 
  • Niche construction through phenological plasticity: life history dynamics and ecological consequences. 
  • Nitrosative stress: metabolic pathway involving the flavohemoglobin. 
  • Nomenclature updates resulting from the evolution of avian influenza A(H5) virus clades 2.1.3.2a, 2.2.1, and 2.3.4 during 2013-2014. 
  • Non-neutral vegetation dynamics. 
  • Nucleotide sequence and expression of the human skeletal alpha-actin gene: evolution of functional regulatory domains. 
  • Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for a member of the human 90-kDa heat-shock protein family. 
  • Nucleotide sequence of the human gamma cytoskeletal actin mRNA: anomalous evolution of vertebrate non-muscle actin genes. 
  • Oldest evidence for grooming claws in euprimates. 
  • Oldest known cranium of a juvenile New World monkey (Early Miocene, Patagonia, Argentina): implications for the taxonomy and the molar eruption pattern of early platyrrhines. 
  • On the evolution of early development in the Nematoda. 
  • On the evolution of genetic incompatibility systems. IV. Modification of response to an existing antigen polymorphism under partial selfing. 
  • On the evolution of genetic incompatibility systems. VI. A three-locus modifier model for the origin of gametophytic self-incompatibility. 
  • On the origin of meiotic reproduction: a genetic modifier model. 
  • One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics. 
  • One thousand plant transcriptomes and the phylogenomics of green plants. 
  • Ontogenetic and phylogenetic transformations of the ear ossicles in marsupial mammals. 
  • Optimal sequence selection in proteins of known structure by simulated evolution. 
  • Organization and evolution of alpha satellite DNA from human chromosome 11. 
  • Organization and evolution of an alpha satellite DNA subset shared by human chromosomes 13 and 21. 
  • Organization and evolutionary trajectory of the mating type (MAT) locus in dermatophyte and dimorphic fungal pathogens. 
  • Origins of eukaryotic sexual reproduction. 
  • Osteological evidence for the evolution of activity pattern and visual acuity in primates. 
  • Overview of FEED, the feeding experiments end-user database. 
  • Ovomucoid intervening sequences specify functional domains and generate protein polymorphism. 
  • Parallel evolution at multiple levels in the origin of hummingbird pollinated flowers in Ipomoea. 
  • Parasite resistance and the adaptive significance of sleep. 
  • Parrot Genomes and the Evolution of Heightened Longevity and Cognition. 
  • Partial co-option of the appendage patterning pathway in the development of abdominal appendages in the sepsid fly Themira biloba. 
  • Particulate versus integrated evolution of the upper body in late pleistocene humans: a test of two models. 
  • Parvimico materdei gen. et sp. nov.: A new platyrrhine from the Early Miocene of the Amazon Basin, Peru. 
  • Pathogen regulation of plant diversity via effective specialization. 
  • Patterns and mechanisms of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in marine microbes. 
  • Patterns of astragalar fibular facet orientation in extant and fossil primates and their evolutionary implications. 
  • Patterns of quadrupedal locomotion in a vertical clinging and leaping primate (Propithecus coquereli) with implications for understanding the functional demands of primate quadrupedal locomotion. 
  • Pelvic Breadth and Locomotor Kinematics in Human Evolution. 
  • Pelvic Morphology in Homo erectus and Early Homo. 
  • Pervasive Effects of Aging on Gene Expression in Wild Wolves. 
  • Phenex: ontological annotation of phenotypic diversity. 
  • Phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution contribute to advancing flowering phenology in response to climate change. 
  • Phylogenetic Classification of Protozoa Based on the Structure of the Linker Domain in the Bifunctional Enzyme, Dihydrofolate Reductase-Thymidylate Synthase 
  • Phylogenetic analyses of eurotiomycetous endophytes reveal their close affinities to Chaetothyriales, Eurotiales, and a new order - Phaeomoniellales. 
  • Phylogenetic analyses of morphological evolution in the gametophyte and sporophyte generations of the moss order Hookeriales (Bryopsida). 
  • Phylogenetic analysis of anthropoid relationships. 
  • Phylogenetic footprint analysis of IGF2 in extant mammals. 
  • Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo. 
  • Phylogenetic relationships of agaric fungi based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. 
  • Phylogenetic targeting of research effort in evolutionary biology. 
  • Phylogeny of the basal angiosperm genus Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae) inferred from five chloroplast DNA regions, with interpretation of morphological character evolution. 
  • Pioneering paradigms and magnificent manifestos--Leigh Van Valen's priceless contributions to evolutionary biology. 
  • Plant evolutionary developmental biology. Introduction to a special issue. 
  • Plant evolutionary ecology. 
  • Plant speciation. 
  • Plasticity of plant defense and its evolutionary implications in wild populations of Boechera stricta. 
  • Pleiotropy in developmental regulation by flowering-pathway genes: is it an evolutionary constraint? 
  • Pollen limitation and natural selection on floral characters in the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. 
  • Pollinator-mediated selection on flower color allele drives reinforcement. 
  • Polymorphic mimicry in Papilio dardanus: mosaic dominance, big effects, and origins. 
  • Population differentiation and plasticity in vegetative ontogeny: effects on life-history expression in Erysimum capitatum (Brassicaceae). 
  • Population genetic inference using a fixed number of segregating sites: a reassessment. 
  • Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears. 
  • Population structure, fitness surfaces, and linkage in the shifting balance process. 
  • Population-genomic inference of the strength and timing of selection against gene flow. 
  • Post-transcriptional operons and regulons co-ordinating gene expression. 
  • Postcrania of the most primitive euprimate and implications for primate origins. 
  • Potential arms race in the coevolution of primates and angiosperms: brazzein sweet proteins and gorilla taste receptors. 
  • Preliminary description of the cranium of Proteopithecus sylviae, an Egyptian late Eocene anthropoidean primate. 
  • Prevalence and distribution of the hmw and hia genes and the HMW and Hia adhesins among genetically diverse strains of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. 
  • Primate evolution: were traits selected for arboreal locomotion or visually directed predation? 
  • Primate origins, human origins, and the end of higher taxa. 
  • Programmed necrosis in the cross talk of cell death and inflammation. 
  • Promiscuity and the primate immune system. 
  • Properties of artificial networks evolved to contend with natural spectra. 
  • Psychophysics and the evolution of behavior. 
  • Purification of the three nuclear RNA polymerases from Neurospora crassa. 
  • Putting together phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives on empathy. 
  • Quantification of the position and depth of the flexor hallucis longus groove in euarchontans, with implications for the evolution of primate positional behavior. 
  • Quantifying patterns in the evolution of reproductive isolation. 
  • RNA Virus Reassortment: An Evolutionary Mechanism for Host Jumps and Immune Evasion. 
  • RNAi function, diversity, and loss in the fungal kingdom. 
  • Radical alterations in the roles of homeobox genes during echinoderm evolution. 
  • Ramapithecus. 
  • Range change evolution of peat mosses (Sphagnum) within and between climate zones. 
  • Range size heritability and diversification patterns in the liverwort genus Radula. 
  • Rapid change in the thermal tolerance of a tropical lizard. 
  • Rapid evolution of a polyphenic threshold. 
  • Rapid evolution of social learning. 
  • Rapid laboratory evolution of adult wing area in Drosophila melanogaster in response to humidity. 
  • Recognition molecules and immunoglobulin domains in invertebrates. 
  • Recombination and the divergence of hybridizing species. 
  • Recombination and the evolution of diploidy. 
  • Reconciling Conflicting Phylogenies in the Origin of Sweet Potato and Dispersal to Polynesia. 
  • Redundant genes? 
  • Relating ranging ecology, limb length, and locomotor economy in terrestrial animals. 
  • Relation of addiction genes to hypothalamic gene changes subserving genesis and gratification of a classic instinct, sodium appetite. 
  • Relative growth, ontogeny, and sexual dimorphism in gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla and G. g. beringei): evolutionary and ecological considerations. 
  • Relaxed selection in the wild. 
  • Reliance on head versus eyes in the gaze following of great apes and human infants: the cooperative eye hypothesis. 
  • Replicated Landscape Genomics Identifies Evidence of Local Adaptation to Urbanization in Wood Frogs. 
  • Replication, recombination, and repair: going for the gold. 
  • Report on the 6th African Society of Human Genetics (AfSHG) Meeting, March 12-15, 2009, Yaounde, Cameroon. 
  • Reproductive Mode and the Evolution of Genome Size and Structure in Caenorhabditis Nematodes. 
  • Reproductive aging patterns in primates reveal that humans are distinct. 
  • Reproductive uncertainty and the relative competitiveness of simultaneous hermaphroditism versus dioecy. 
  • Resource partitioning and sympatric differentiation among closely related bacterioplankton. 
  • Rethinking primate origins. 
  • Retinoic acid production by endocardium and epicardium is an injury response essential for zebrafish heart regeneration. 
  • Review. The strength and genetic basis of reproductive isolating barriers in flowering plants. 
  • Revisiting the adaptive origins of primates (again). 
  • Rhino horns and paper cups: deceptive similarities between natural and human designs. 
  • Rhizobium gone native: unexpected plasmid stability of indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum. 
  • Role of TRPV ion channels in sensory transduction of osmotic stimuli in mammals. 
  • Rudolf A. Raff (1941-2019). 
  • Russulaceae: a new genomic dataset to study ecosystem function and evolutionary diversification of ectomycorrhizal fungi with their tree associates. 
  • SMRTER, a Drosophila nuclear receptor coregulator, reveals that EcR-mediated repression is critical for development. 
  • SOME PROBLEMS OF HOMINID CLASSIFICATION. 
  • Seasonal variation in body mass and locomotor kinetics of the fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius). 
  • Segmentation in Tardigrada and diversification of segmental patterns in Panarthropoda. 
  • Selection favors loss of floral pigmentation in a highly selfing morning glory. 
  • Selection for intermediate mortality and reproduction rates in a spatially structured population. 
  • Selection is no more efficient in haploid than in diploid life stages of an angiosperm and a moss. 
  • Selection through female fitness helps to explain the maintenance of male flowers. 
  • Selective conservation of GAP-43 structure in vertebrate evolution. 
  • Selfing, Local Mate Competition, and Reinforcement. 
  • Senescence is not inevitable. 
  • Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human liver glycogen phosphorylase reveals tissue-specific codon usage. 
  • Sequence heterochrony and the evolution of development. 
  • Sequencing the mouse Y chromosome reveals convergent gene acquisition and amplification on both sex chromosomes. 
  • Sex differences in vulnerability and maladjustment as a function of parental investment: an evolutionary approach. 
  • Sex-specific incompatibility generates locus-specific rates of introgression between species. 
  • Sexual reproduction and the evolution of microbial pathogens. 
  • Similarities in the evolution of plants and cars. 
  • Single-chain structure of human ceruloplasmin: the complete amino acid sequence of the whole molecule. 
  • Sitting, squatting, and the evolutionary biology of human inactivity. 
  • Size and shape: the developmental regulation of static allometry in insects. 
  • Skeletal remains of Propliopithecus chirobates from the Egyptian Oligocene. 
  • Sleep in a comparative context: Investigating how human sleep differs from sleep in other primates. 
  • Sleep influences cognitive performance in lemurs. 
  • Sleep intensity and the evolution of human cognition. 
  • Social affiliation matters: both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships predict survival in wild female baboons. 
  • Social cognitive evolution in captive foxes is a correlated by-product of experimental domestication. 
  • Social learning research outside the laboratory: How and why? 
  • Sociality and health: impacts of sociality on disease susceptibility and transmission in animal and human societies. 
  • Sociality, ecology, and relative brain size in lemurs. 
  • Speciation by reinforcement: a model derived from studies of Drosophila. 
  • Speciation on a local geographic scale: the evolution of a rare rock outcrop specialist in Mimulus. 
  • Species delimitation and biogeography of a southern hemisphere liverwort clade, Frullania subgenus Microfrullania (Frullaniaceae, Marchantiophyta). 
  • Spectrin- and ankyrin-based membrane domains and the evolution of vertebrates. 
  • Speeding in the slow lane: Phylogenetic comparative analyses reveal that not all human life history traits are exceptional. 
  • Spontaneous altruism by chimpanzees and young children. 
  • Sprinter: a novel transmembrane protein required for Wg secretion and signaling. 
  • Stable isotope evidence for an amphibious phase in early proboscidean evolution. 
  • Statistical methods for studying modularity: a reply to Mitteroecker and Bookstein. 
  • Statistical properties of the variation at linked microsatellite loci: implications for the history of human Y chromosomes. 
  • Stressed out: masticatory forces and primate circumorbital form. 
  • Strong biomechanical relationships bias the tempo and mode of morphological evolution. 
  • Strong fungal specificity and selectivity for algal symbionts in Florida scrub Cladonia lichens. 
  • Structural and functional dynamics of human centromeric chromatin. 
  • Structural model of human ceruloplasmin based on internal triplication, hydrophilic/hydrophobic character, and secondary structure of domains. 
  • Structure and evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases: a model. 
  • Structure of the eukaryotic transcription apparatus: features of the gene for the largest subunit of Drosophila RNA polymerase II. 
  • Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human gamma-actin gene: differential evolution, location, and expression of the cytoskeletal beta- and gamma-actin genes. 
  • Structure, organization, and sequence of alpha satellite DNA from human chromosome 17: evidence for evolution by unequal crossing-over and an ancestral pentamer repeat shared with the human X chromosome. 
  • Survival of the Friendliest: Homo sapiens Evolved via Selection for Prosociality. 
  • Sympatric speciation of spiny mice, Acomys, unfolded transcriptomically at Evolution Canyon, Israel. 
  • Symphyseal fusion and jaw-adductor muscle force: an EMG study. 
  • Synergism and Antagonism of Proximate Mechanisms Enable and Constrain the Response to Simultaneous Selection on Body Size and Development Time: An Empirical Test Using Experimental Evolution. 
  • T-lymphocyte immunology and hominoid evolution. 
  • THE EARLY RELATIVES OF MAN. 
  • Tap-scanning and extractive foraging in aye-ayes, Daubentonia madagascariensis. 
  • Tarsier-like locomotor specializations in the oligocene primate afrotarsius. 
  • Tarsius delta- and beta-globin genes: conversions, evolution, and systematic implications. 
  • Telemetered electromyography of peroneus longus in Varecia variegata and Eulemur rubriventer: implications for the functional significance of a large peroneal process. 
  • Tempo of trophic evolution and its impact on mammalian diversification. 
  • Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferases from elasmobranchs reveal structural conservation within vertebrates. 
  • The "lecithotrophic" sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma lacks typical yolk platelets and yolk glycoproteins. 
  • The Ashbya gossypii genome as a tool for mapping the ancient Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. 
  • The DVR gene family in embryonic development. 
  • The Elizabeth River Story: A Case Study in Evolutionary Toxicology. 
  • The Evolution of Sexual Reproduction and the Mating-Type Locus: Links to Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus Human Pathogenic Fungi. 
  • The Future of Cell Biology: Emerging Model Organisms. 
  • The Global Synanthrome Project: A Call for an Exhaustive Study of Human Associates. 
  • The Laetoli footprints and early hominin locomotor kinematics. 
  • The Narrow Niche hypothesis: gray squirrels shed new light on primate origins. 
  • The New Science of Practical Wisdom. 
  • The Origin and Diversification of Birds. 
  • The Origin of Novelty Through the Evolution of Scaling Relationships. 
  • The PAR proteins: fundamental players in animal cell polarization. 
  • The Role of Ontogeny in the Evolution of Human Cooperation. 
  • The Snail's Charm. 
  • The Sphagnome Project: enabling ecological and evolutionary insights through a genus-level sequencing project. 
  • The Vindija Neanderthal scapular glenoid fossa: comparative shape analysis suggests evo-devo changes among Neanderthals. 
  • The adaptive radiation of lichen-forming Teloschistaceae is associated with sunscreening pigments and a bark-to-rock substrate shift. 
  • The apoptosome: physiological, developmental, and pathological modes of regulation. 
  • The basal ganglia within a cognitive system in birds and mammals. 
  • The cecal appendix: one more immune component with a function disturbed by post-industrial culture. 
  • The comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the tentorium cerebelli. 
  • The comparative genomics and complex population history of Papio baboons. 
  • The constructal law and the evolution of design in nature. 
  • The constructal law of design and evolution in nature. 
  • The contributions of Jeanne Altmann. 
  • The control of body size in insects. 
  • The cranium of Parapithecus grangeri, an Egyptian Oligocene anthropoidean primate. 
  • The crown joules: energetics, ecology, and evolution in humans and other primates. 
  • The development and evolution of exaggerated morphologies in insects. 
  • The developmental and physiological basis of body size evolution in an insect. 
  • The dietary adaptations of European Miocene catarrhines. 
  • The earliest apes. 
  • The ecology and evolution of ant association in the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera). 
  • The ecosystem services of animal microbiomes. 
  • The effects of Cenozoic global change on squirrel phylogeny. 
  • The effects of host contact network structure on pathogen diversity and strain structure. 
  • The emergence of longevous populations. 
  • The emerging complexity of the vertebrate cilium: new functional roles for an ancient organelle. 
  • The end of higher taxa: a reply to Tattersall. 
  • The evolution and diversification of the red oaks of the California Floristic Province (Quercus section Lobatae, series Agrifoliae). 
  • The evolution of a G1/S transcriptional network in yeasts. 
  • The evolution of a complex eucaryotic gene. 
  • The evolution of conspecific sperm precedence in Drosophila. 
  • The evolution of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: from a mono-rifampin-resistant cluster into increasingly multidrug-resistant variants in an HIV-seropositive population. 
  • The evolution of echinoderm development is driven by several distinct factors. 
  • The evolution of embryonic patterning mechanisms in animals. 
  • The evolution of larval morphology and swimming performance in ascidians. 
  • The evolution of molar occlusion in the Cercopithecidae and early Catarrhines. 
  • The evolution of parasite manipulation of host dispersal. 
  • The evolution of seed dormancy: environmental cues, evolutionary hubs, and diversification of the seed plants. 
  • The evolution of self-control. 
  • The evolution of sex: a perspective from the fungal kingdom. 
  • The evolution of the human pelvis: changing adaptations to bipedalism, obstetrics and thermoregulation. 
  • The evolution of tolerance to deer herbivory: modifications caused by the abundance of insect herbivores. 
  • The evolution of vertical climbing in primates: evidence from reaction forces. 
  • The evolution of virus diseases: their emergence, epidemicity, and control. 
  • The evolution of vocal learning. 
  • The evolutionary consequences of oxygenic photosynthesis: a body size perspective. 
  • The evolutionary ecology of seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana: variable natural selection on germination timing. 
  • The evolutionary forest algorithm. 
  • The evolutionary history of ferns inferred from 25 low-copy nuclear genes. 
  • The evolutionary origin of Indian Ocean tortoises (Dipsochelys). 
  • The evolutionary origins of human patience: temporal preferences in chimpanzees, bonobos, and human adults. 
  • The evolutionary radiation of plesiadapiforms. 
  • The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Australopithecus africanus. 
  • The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Paranthropus boisei. 
  • The foot and ankle of Australopithecus sediba. 
  • The foot of Homo naledi. 
  • The functional domain specificity of self-esteem and the differential prediction of aggression. 
  • The genetic architecture of local adaptation and reproductive isolation in sympatry within the Mimulus guttatus species complex. 
  • The genetics of speciation by reinforcement. 
  • The glucosinolate-myrosinase system in an ecological and evolutionary context. 
  • The gut microbiome of nonhuman primates: Lessons in ecology and evolution. 
  • The hand of Homo naledi. 
  • The human genes for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and adenosine deaminase are syntenic on chromosome 20. 
  • The human keratin genes and their differential expression. 
  • The hypoglossal canal and the origin of human vocal behavior. 
  • The impact of gene expression variation on the robustness and evolvability of a developmental gene regulatory network. 
  • The isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA demonstrating an altered mRNA level in nontumorigenic Wilms' microcell hybrid cells. 
  • The isotopic composition of anthropogenic boron and its potential impact on the environment. 
  • The lorisiform wrist joint and the evolution of "brachiating" adaptations in the hominoidea. 
  • The mechanical origins of arm-swinging. 
  • The molecular mechanism and evolution of the GA-GID1-DELLA signaling module in plants. 
  • The mouse Mid1 gene: implications for the pathogenesis of Opitz syndrome and the evolution of the mammalian pseudoautosomal region. 
  • The multistep morphing of beetle horns. 
  • The need for archiving data in evolutionary biology. 
  • The network and the remodeling theories of aging: historical background and new perspectives. 
  • The next 20 years of ecology and evolution. 
  • The origin and evolution of animal appendages. 
  • The origin of helping: the role of variability in reproductive potential. 
  • The overfishing debate: an eco-evolutionary perspective. 
  • The past 20 years of ecology and evolution. 
  • The relevance of visual perception to cortical evolution and development. 
  • The representation of numerical magnitude. 
  • The role of developmental plasticity in evolutionary innovation. 
  • The role of diversification in community assembly of the oaks (Quercus L.) across the continental U.S. 
  • The role of male flowers in andromonoecious species: energetic costs and siring success in Solanum carolinense L. 
  • The sociality-health-fitness nexus: synthesis, conclusions and future directions. 
  • The spatial structure of antagonistic species affects coevolution in predictable ways. 
  • The spectrum of fungi that infects humans. 
  • The teleost anatomy ontology: anatomical representation for the genomics age. 
  • The thigh and leg of Homo naledi. 
  • The timing and causes of a unique chimpanzee community fission preceding Gombe's "Four-Year War". 
  • The upper limb of Australopithecus sediba. 
  • The upper limb of Homo naledi. 
  • The use of amino acid sequence analysis in assessing evolution. 
  • The vertebrae and ribs of Homo naledi. 
  • The vertebral column of Australopithecus sediba. 
  • Theme and variations: heterothermy in mammals. 
  • Theories of kin and group selection: a population genetics perspective. 
  • Thermally adaptive tradeoffs in closely related marine bacterial strains. 
  • Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs. 
  • Three new adenosine deaminase mutations that define a splicing enhancer and cause severe and partial phenotypes: implications for evolution of a CpG hotspot and expression of a transduced ADA cDNA. 
  • Three periods of regulatory innovation during vertebrate evolution. 
  • Three-way coexistence in obligate mutualist-exploiter interactions: the potential role of competition. 
  • Throwing in the Middle and Upper Paleolithic: inferences from an analysis of humeral retroversion. 
  • Time-dependent rates of molecular evolution. 
  • Tn5-mediated bleomycin resistance in Escherichia coli requires the expression of host genes. 
  • Toward Synthesizing Our Knowledge of Morphology: Using Ontologies and Machine Reasoning to Extract Presence/Absence Evolutionary Phenotypes across Studies. 
  • Towards a genetic theory for the evolution of the sex ratio. III. Parental and sibling control of brood investment ratio under partial sib-mating. 
  • Towards an integrated understanding of the biology of timing. 
  • Trade-offs during the development of primary and secondary sexual traits in a horned beetle. 
  • Transparency and reproducibility in evolutionary research. 
  • Transparency and reproducibility in evolutionary research. 
  • Trends in the evolution of primate mastication. 
  • Trimorphic stepping stones pave the way to fungal virulence. 
  • Tropical rainforests: diversity begets diversity. 
  • Two mouse early embryonic beta-globin gene sequences. Evolution of the nonadult beta-globins. 
  • Two-phase increase in the maximum size of life over 3.5 billion years reflects biological innovation and environmental opportunity. 
  • Type I and type II keratins have evolved from lower eukaryotes to form the epidermal intermediate filaments in mammalian skin. 
  • Underground hibernation in a primate. 
  • Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium. 
  • Understanding hind limb weight support in chimpanzees with implications for the evolution of primate locomotion. 
  • Understanding the adaptive value of diagonal-sequence gaits in primates: a comment on Shapiro and Raichlen, 2005. 
  • Understanding the dynamics of rapidly evolving pathogens through modeling the tempo of antigenic change: influenza as a case study. 
  • Understanding the evolution of the windlass mechanism of the human foot from comparative anatomy: Insights, obstacles, and future directions. 
  • Unifying constructal theory of tree roots, canopies and forests. 
  • Universality in the evolution of orientation columns in the visual cortex. 
  • Unmodern Synthesis: Developmental Hierarchies and the Origin of Phenotypes. 
  • Unraveling genetic origin of aging-related traits: evolving concepts. 
  • Use of the E2F transcription factor by DNA tumor virus regulatory proteins. 
  • Using antagonistic pleiotropy to design a chemotherapy-induced evolutionary trap to target drug resistance in cancer. 
  • Using the phenoscape knowledgebase to relate genetic perturbations to phenotypic evolution. 
  • Viewpoints: diet and dietary adaptations in early hominins: the hard food perspective. 
  • Viewpoints: feeding mechanics, diet, and dietary adaptations in early hominins. 
  • Viral genetic evolution in macaques infected with molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus correlates with the extent of persistent viremia. 
  • Visual Acuity and the Evolution of Signals. 
  • Visual acuity in ray-finned fishes correlates with eye size and habitat. 
  • Visual cortex of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis): architectonic subdivisions and connections from the visual thalamus. 
  • Visual pathways to the telencephalon in reptiles and mammals. 
  • Wagner's canalization model. 
  • Warning SINEs: Alu elements, evolution of the human brain, and the spectrum of neurological disease. 
  • What fecundity patterns indicate about aging and longevity: insights from Drosophila studies. 
  • When is homology not homology? 
  • When sensing is gambling: An experimental system reveals how plasticity can generate tunable bet-hedging strategies. 
  • Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds. 
  • Why flying dogs are rare: A general theory of luck in evolutionary transitions. 
  • Why whales are big but not bigger: Physiological drivers and ecological limits in the age of ocean giants. 
  • Widanelfarasia, a diminutive placental from the late Eocene of Egypt. 
  • Young children, but not chimpanzees, are averse to disadvantageous and advantageous inequities. 
  • Zebrafish sparse corresponds to an orthologue of c-kit and is required for the morphogenesis of a subpopulation of melanocytes, but is not essential for hematopoiesis or primordial germ cell development. 
  • Zika virus: History, emergence, biology, and prospects for control. 
  • beta-Sheet topology and the relatedness of proteins. 
  • optix drives the repeated convergent evolution of butterfly wing pattern mimicry. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Alberts, Susan C., Robert F. Durden Distinguished Professor of Biology, Duke Science & Society
  • Bennett, Vann, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Broverman, Sherryl A., Professor of the Practice of Biology, Biology
  • Dodge, Kenneth A., William McDougall Distinguished Professor of Public Policy Studies, Duke Science & Society
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • Ferreira, Paulo Alexandre, Associate Professor in Ophthalmology, Pathology
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Immunology, Cell Biology
  • Kay, Richard Frederick, Professor of Evolutionary Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Magwene, Paul Mitaari, Associate Professor of Biology, Biology
  • Noor, Mohamed A. F., Professor of Biology, Duke Science & Society
  • Nowicki, Stephen, Professor of Biology, Biology
  • Pearson, John, Assistant Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Pusey, Anne, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor Emerita of Evolutionary Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Roth, V. Louise, Professor of Biology, Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Smith, Lindsey Warwick, Lecturing Fellow of Thompson Writing Program, Thompson Writing Program
  • White, Leonard Edward, Associate Professor in Neurology, Psychology and Neuroscience
  • Williams, Blythe A., Associate Professor of the Practice in the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Wray, Gregory Allan, Professor of Biology, Duke Innovation & Entrepreneurship
  • Yoder, Anne Daphne, Braxton Craven Distinguished Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Duke University