Factor Analysis, Statistical

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 5 competencies needed by new baccalaureate graduates. 
  • A comparison of the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) with "traditional" neuropsychological testing instruments. 
  • A cross-sectional description of social capital in an international sample of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). 
  • A framework for quality improvement: an analysis of factors responsible for improvement at hospitals participating in the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) quality improvement initiative. 
  • A latent factor linear mixed model for high-dimensional longitudinal data analysis. 
  • A multi-center evaluation of the McGill Pain Questionnaire: results from more than 1700 chronic pain patients. 
  • A multifactor analysis of fungal and bacterial community structure in the root microbiome of mature Populus deltoides trees. 
  • A new outcome measure for LUTS: Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-29 (LURN SI-29) questionnaire. 
  • A new self-report scale for assessment of adolescent psychopathology: factor structure, reliability, validity, and diagnostic sensitivity. 
  • A nonparametric general linear model. 
  • A systematic review of the psychometric properties of self-reported scales assessing burn contractures reveals the need for a new tool to measure contracture outcomes. 
  • A three-factor analytic model of the MADRS in geriatric depression. 
  • A watershed model of individual differences in fluid intelligence. 
  • Abuse and dependence on prescription opioids in adults: a mixture categorical and dimensional approach to diagnostic classification. 
  • Adaptation and testing of instruments to measure diabetes self-management in people with type 2 diabetes in mainland China. 
  • Adolescent psychopathy and the big five: results from two samples. 
  • Adolescents' perception of living with end stage renal disease. 
  • Adult antisocial personality traits are associated with experiences of low parental care and maternal overprotection. 
  • Alcohol and drug dependence symptom items as brief screeners for substance use disorders: results from the Clinical Trials Network. 
  • An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Scale Structure of the Patient Care Monitor Version 2.0. 
  • An industrial study of the biological effects of cotton dust and cigarette smoke exposure. 
  • Antisocial personality disorder among drug abusers. Relations to other personality diagnoses and the five-factor model of personality. 
  • Anxiety in youth with and without autism spectrum disorder: examination of factorial equivalence. 
  • Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism as a genetic predisposition to delirium in critically ill patients. 
  • Appetite loss and neurocognitive deficits in late-life depression. 
  • Assessing the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), German language version in Swiss university hospitals--a validation study. 
  • Assessing the impact of cancer among Dutch non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors compared with their American counterparts: a cross-national study. 
  • Assessment of a new self-rating scale for post-traumatic stress disorder. 
  • Assortative mating for antisocial behavior: developmental and methodological implications. 
  • Attitudes toward patients with sickle cell disease in a multicenter sample of emergency department providers. 
  • Attribution Through the Layperson's Lens: Development and Preliminary Validation of an Inclusive, International Measure of Beliefs About the Causes of Mental Illness. 
  • Automated annotation of gene expression image sequences via non-parametric factor analysis and conditional random fields. 
  • Behavior classification system for children with developmental, psychiatric, and chronic medical problems. 
  • Behavioral similarities and differences among alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats: confirmation by factor analysis and extension to additional groups. 
  • Behavioural features of alcohol-preferring rats: focus on inbred strains. 
  • Bootstrap calibration of TRANSMIT for informative missingness of parental genotype data. 
  • Borderline personality disorder from the perspective of general personality functioning. 
  • Brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia: validation of the Japanese version. 
  • Can women provide reliable information about their children's fathers? cross-informant agreement about men's lifetime antisocial behaviour. 
  • Cerebrovascular risk factors, vascular disease, and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major depression. 
  • Changes in seizure threshold over the course of electroconvulsive therapy affect therapeutic response and are detected by ictal EEG ratings. 
  • Children's interactions in triads: behavioral profiles and effects of gender and patterns of friendships among members. 
  • Combined PTSD and depressive symptoms interact with post-deployment social support to predict suicidal ideation in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans. 
  • Comparing personality scales across time: an illustrative study of validity and consistency in life-span archival data. 
  • Comparison of two screening tests in Alzheimer's disease. The correlation and reliability of the Mini-Mental State Examination and the modified Blessed test. 
  • Components and correlates of family burden in schizophrenia. 
  • Composite measures of multi-joint symptoms, but not of radiographic osteoarthritis, are associated with functional outcomes: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. 
  • Conceptualizing comorbid PTSD and depression among treatment-seeking, active duty military service members. 
  • Confirmatory factor analysis of the Infant Feeding Styles Questionnaire in Latino families. 
  • Confirmatory factor analysis: an introduction for psychosomatic medicine researchers. 
  • Construct and differential item functioning in the assessment of prescription opioid use disorders among American adolescents. 
  • Correlations of MMPI factor scales with measures of the five factor model of personality. 
  • Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress to a traumatic brain injury population in Swahili and the Tanzanian Setting. 
  • Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Neck Disability Index and Neck Pain and Disability Scale. 
  • Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms Associated With Symptom Clusters in Oncology Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy. 
  • DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder: factor structure and rates of diagnosis. 
  • Defining picky eating and its relationship to feeding behaviors and weight status. 
  • Developing tailored instruments: item banking and computerized adaptive assessment. 
  • Development and Validation of a Quantitative Measure of Adaptive Behaviors in Women With Pelvic Floor Disorders. 
  • Development and psychometric testing of the nursing culture assessment tool. 
  • Development and validation of Yin-Deficiency Questionnaire. 
  • Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess the knowledge of mechanical ventilation in urgent care among students in their last-year medical course in Brazil. 
  • Development and validation of the parent experience of child illness. 
  • Development and validation of the social information processing application: a Web-based measure of social information processing patterns in elementary school-age boys. 
  • Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). 
  • Development of a self-report measure of fearful activities for patients with low back pain: the fear of daily activities questionnaire. 
  • Development of level of institutionalization scales for health promotion programs. 
  • Development, Construct Validity, and Predictive Validity of a Continuous Frailty Scale: Results From 2 Large US Cohorts. 
  • Development, reliability, and validity of a new Preference and Satisfaction Questionnaire. 
  • Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. 
  • Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Decline Among Chinese Older Adults. 
  • Different levels of learning interact to shape the congruency sequence effect. 
  • Differential age effects in semantic and episodic memory. 
  • Differential predictability of four dimensions of affect intensity. 
  • Dimensionality of measures for severe unilateral ankle arthritis. 
  • Dimensions of social support and depression in patients at increased psychosocial risk recovering from myocardial infarction. 
  • Discrepant attitudes about teamwork among critical care nurses and physicians. 
  • Do the dimensions of the temperament and character inventory map a simple genetic architecture? Evidence from molecular genetics and factor analysis. 
  • Does response evaluation and decision (RED) mediate the relation between hostile attributional style and antisocial behavior in adolescence? 
  • Does the Illness Behavior Questionnaire measure abnormal illness behavior? 
  • Domain and facet personality predictors of all-cause mortality among Medicare patients aged 65 to 100. 
  • Early Adolescents' Unique Perspectives of Maternal and Paternal Rejection: Examining Their Across-Dyad Generalizability and Relations with Adjustment 1 Year Later. 
  • Effect of race on cultural justifications for caregiving. 
  • Effects of atypical antipsychotics on the syndromal profile in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. 
  • Empirical evaluation of the factorial structure of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: effects of typical neuroleptics on the brief psychiatric rating scale. 
  • Epidemiology of psychiatric disability in childhood and adolescence. 
  • Evaluating measurement models in clinical research: covariance structure analysis of latent variable models of self-conception. 
  • Evaluation of a commercial DIR platform for contour propagation in prostate cancer patients treated with IMRT/VMAT. 
  • Evidence for a multi-dimensional latent structural model of externalizing disorders. 
  • Examining the Factor Structure of the Self-Report of Psychopathy Short-Form Across Four Young Adult Samples. 
  • Examining the factor structure of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in a post-9/11 U.S. military veteran sample. 
  • Existence of irritable bowel syndrome supported by factor analysis of symptoms in two community samples. 
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the PROMIS pain quality item bank. 
  • Exploring student preferences with a Q-sort: the development of an individualized renal physiology curriculum. 
  • Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Peritraumatic and Posttraumatic Emotions Questionnaires Among Active Duty Military Personnel With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 
  • Factor analysis and validity of the Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales in childhood cancer survivors. 
  • Factor analysis in the Genetics of Asthma International Network family study identifies five major quantitative asthma phenotypes. 
  • Factor analysis of household factors: are they associated with respiratory conditions in Chinese children? 
  • Factor analysis of restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism using the Autism Diagnostic Interview-R. 
  • Factor analysis of self-reported symptoms: does it identify a Gulf War syndrome? 
  • Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire with a clinically depressed adolescent sample. 
  • Factor structure of parent- and teacher-rated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS). 
  • Factor structure of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Centers uniform dataset neuropsychological battery: an evaluation of invariance between and within groups over time. 
  • Factor structure of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in people at ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis. 
  • Factorial invariance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms across three veteran samples. 
  • Factors associated with physiotherapists' confidence during assessment of clinical cervical and lumbar spine instability. 
  • Factors associated with transfer of hand injuries to a level 1 trauma center: a descriptive analysis of 1147 cases. 
  • Factors influencing diabetes self-management in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. 
  • Family processes and treatment outcome in the MTA: negative/ineffective parenting practices in relation to multimodal treatment. 
  • First evidence on the validity and reliability of the Safety Organizing Scale-Nursing Home version (SOS-NH). 
  • Functional status and self-rated health in 2,262 nonagenarians: the Danish 1905 Cohort Survey. 
  • Gay identity, interpersonal violence, and HIV risk behaviors: an empirical test of theoretical relationships among a probability-based sample of urban men who have sex with men. 
  • Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: robust and surprising findings. 
  • Head and neck cancer-specific quality of life: instrument validation. 
  • Heritability of functioning in families with schizophrenia in relation to neurocognition. 
  • Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: Factor Structure, Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity in Patients with Dizziness. 
  • I know what you did last summer (and it was not CBT): a factor analytic model of international psychotherapeutic practice in the eating disorders. 
  • Identifying physicians likely to benefit from depression education: a challenge for health care organizations. 
  • Incremental value of the exercise test for diagnosing the presence or absence of coronary artery disease. 
  • Influence of comorbid alcohol and psychiatric disorders on utilization of mental health services in the National Comorbidity Survey. 
  • Initial assessment of a new instrument to measure quality of life at the end of life. 
  • Integrating factor analysis and a transgenic mouse model to reveal a peripheral blood predictor of breast tumors. 
  • Integrating normal and abnormal personality structure: the Five-Factor Model. 
  • Integration of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes Into Routine Cancer Care: An Analysis of Factors Affecting Data Completeness. 
  • Interaction exchange structure and patient satisfaction with medical interviews. 
  • Is risky sexual behavior continuous or categorical? A taxometric analysis of the Sexual Risk Survey. 
  • Is there a general factor of prevalent psychopathology during adulthood? 
  • Issues related to using a short-form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale. 
  • Latent structure of cognition in schizophrenia: a confirmatory factor analysis of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). 
  • Latent structure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition personality disorder criteria. 
  • Maternal role attainment with medically fragile infants: Part 1. measurement and correlates during the first year of life. 
  • Measurement Invariance and Convergent Validity of Anger and Sadness Self-Regulation Among Youth From Six Cultural Groups. 
  • Measurement Properties of the CAPACITY Instrument to Assess Perceived Communication With the Health Care Team Among Care Partners of Patients With Cognitive Impairment. 
  • Measurement of affective and activity pain interference using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI): Cancer and Leukemia Group B 70903. 
  • Measuring quality of life at the end of life: validation of the QUAL-E. 
  • Measuring social health in the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS): item bank development and testing. 
  • Medical data mining: knowledge discovery in a clinical data warehouse. 
  • Medical futility decisions and physicians' legal defensiveness: the impact of anticipated conflict on thresholds for end-of-life treatment. 
  • Melancholia in later life: late and early onset differences in presentation, course, and dementia risk. 
  • Metabolic syndrome and alanine aminotransferase: a global perspective from the NAVIGATOR screening population. 
  • Metabolic syndrome: definition, pathophysiology, and mechanisms. 
  • Milestone Ratings and Supervisory Role Categorizations Swim Together, but Is the Water Muddy? 
  • Mismatch of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and DSM-IV symptom clusters in a cancer sample: exploratory factor analysis of the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. 
  • Modifying the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) to better capture feeding practices of family childcare home providers. 
  • Monitoring population health for Healthy People 2020: evaluation of the NIH PROMIS® Global Health, CDC Healthy Days, and satisfaction with life instruments. 
  • Moral foundations vignettes: a standardized stimulus database of scenarios based on moral foundations theory. 
  • Mortality versus survival graphs: improving temporal consistency in perceptions of treatment effectiveness. 
  • Motivations for genetic testing for lung cancer risk among young smokers. 
  • Multimodal treatment of ADHD in the MTA: an alternative outcome analysis. 
  • Network analysis of exposure to trauma and childhood adversities in a clinical sample of youth. 
  • Normal personality traits and comorbidity among phobic, panic and major depressive disorders. 
  • Occupational characteristics and cognitive performance among elderly male twins. 
  • Parenting and family stress treatment outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an empirical analysis in the MTA study. 
  • Participant-centered adaptations in caregiver trials: strategies for managing confounds. 
  • Pathways from physical activity to quality of life in older women. 
  • Patterns of behavioral disturbance in developmentally disabled children: a replicated cluster analysis. 
  • Perceptions of safety culture vary across the intensive care units of a single institution. 
  • Personal hygiene among military personnel: developing and testing a self-administered scale. 
  • Personality assessment in a diverse urban sample. 
  • Phobic, panic, and major depressive disorders and the five-factor model of personality. 
  • Physical activity and acculturation among adult Hispanics in the United States. 
  • Physical activity and functional limitations in older women: influence of self-efficacy. 
  • Physical activity and quality of life in older adults: influence of health status and self-efficacy. 
  • Physical frailty in late-life depression is associated with deficits in speed-dependent executive functions. 
  • Physician participation in research surveys. A randomized study of inducements to return mailed research questionnaires. 
  • Physicians' legal defensiveness in end-of-life treatment decisions: comparing attitudes and knowledge in states with different laws. 
  • Posttraumatic symptomatology in children and adolescents after an industrial fire. 
  • Pre-clinical cognitive phenotypes for Alzheimer disease: a latent profile approach. 
  • Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in a National Sample of Arab Adolescents. 
  • Psychometric evaluation of the Brief Cancer Impact Assessment among breast cancer survivors. 
  • Psychometric properties of the Persian spiritual coping strategies scale in hemodialysis patients. 
  • Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): a study on Muslims. 
  • Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). New self-rating scale. 
  • Psychometric properties of the UCLA PTSD reaction index. part II: investigating factor structure findings in a national clinic-referred youth sample. 
  • Psychometric study of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist in Fragile X Syndrome and implications for targeted treatment. 
  • Quantification of the whole-body burden of radiographic osteoarthritis using factor analysis. 
  • Quasielastic light scattering study of the living human lens as a function of age. 
  • Re: "Factor analysis of self-reported symptoms: does it identify a Gulf War syndrome?". 
  • Refining the latent structure of neuropsychological performance in schizophrenia. 
  • Relationship between the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index Physical Function Subscale and physical performance measures in patients with hip osteoarthritis. 
  • Relative validity of the modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (M-ASES) questionnaire using item response theory. 
  • Reliability and validity of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form. 
  • Reliability and validity of the SF-12 health survey among people with severe mental illness. 
  • Reliability, validity and measurement invariance of the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) among HIV-positive women in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study. 
  • Reliability, validity and treatment sensitivity of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale. 
  • Resilience-recovery factors in post-traumatic stress disorder among female and male Vietnam veterans: hardiness, postwar social support, and additional stressful life events. 
  • Screening experiments and the use of fractional factorial designs in behavioral intervention research. 
  • Screening for Moral Injury: The Moral Injury Symptom Scale - Military Version Short Form. 
  • Self-perceived burden in cancer patients: validation of the Self-perceived Burden Scale. 
  • Serum creatinine patterns in coronary bypass surgery patients with and without postoperative cognitive dysfunction. 
  • Shortening self-report mental health symptom measures through optimal test assembly methods: Development and validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-Depression-4. 
  • Smoking outcome expectancies in military veteran smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder. 
  • Social cognition as a mediator between neurocognition and functional outcome in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. 
  • Socioecologic stress and hypertension related mortality rates in North Carolina. 
  • Solid ground in the wetlands of personality: a reply to Block. 
  • Stimulus onset quenches neural variability: a widespread cortical phenomenon. 
  • Structure and measurement of depression in youths: applying item response theory to clinical data. 
  • Successful aging and subjective well-being among oldest-old adults. 
  • Successful use of the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale regardless of PD- or dyskinesia-duration. 
  • Surrogate assessment of coronary artery disease patients' functional capacity. 
  • The BENEFIT through spirituality/religiosity scale--a 6-item measure for use in health outcome studies. 
  • The Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. The Behavioral Pathology Committee of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. 
  • The Brief Social Phobia Scale: a psychometric evaluation. 
  • The Clergy Occupational Distress Index (CODI): background and findings from two samples of clergy. 
  • The Coping Strategies Questionnaire: a large sample, item level factor analysis. 
  • The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): validation and reliability of the Farsi version. 
  • The Loneliness Questionnaire: Establishing Measurement Invariance Across Ethnic Groups. 
  • The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity. 
  • The Medication Administration System--Nurses Assessment of Satisfaction (MAS-NAS) scale. 
  • The Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Military Version. 
  • The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire: psychometric properties, benchmarking data, and emerging research. 
  • The Spiritual History Scale in four dimensions (SHS-4): validity and reliability. 
  • The cross-cultural generalizability of Axis-II constructs: an evaluation of two personality disorder assessment instruments in the People's Republic of China. 
  • The development and assessment of the Worry About Pain Questionnaire. 
  • The diagnosis of depression in the elderly. 
  • The dialectical behavior therapy ways of coping checklist: development and psychometric properties. 
  • The dysfunctional attitudes scale: psychometric properties in depressed adolescents. 
  • The effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet and a low-fat diet on mood, hunger, and other self-reported symptoms. 
  • The expression of adult ADHD symptoms in daily life: an application of experience sampling methodology. 
  • The latent structure of psychiatric symptoms across mental disorders as measured with the PANSS and BPRS-18. 
  • The many methods of religious coping: development and initial validation of the RCOPE. 
  • The relation of free plasma tryptophan to anger, hostility, and aggression in a nonpatient sample of adult men and women. 
  • The retention of recalled United States Navy nurse reservists. 
  • The structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in war veterans. 
  • The structure of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in three female trauma samples: a comparison of interview and self-report measures. 
  • The two-factor model of psychopathic personality: evidence from the psychopathic personality inventory. 
  • The validity and structure of culture-level personality scores: data from ratings of young adolescents. 
  • To "do the right thing" or to "just do it": locomotion and assessment as distinct self-regulatory imperatives. 
  • Towards a composite scoring solution for the Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory. 
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. 
  • Uncertainty intervention for watchful waiting in prostate cancer. 
  • Unitary construct of generalized cognitive ability underlying BACS performance across psychotic disorders and in their first-degree relatives. 
  • Updating Norman's "Adequate Taxonomy": intelligence and personality dimensions in natural language and in questionnaires. 
  • Use of a brief version of the self-compassion inventory with an international sample of people with HIV/AIDS. 
  • Use of statistical analyses in the ophthalmic literature. 
  • Use of the light/dark test for anxiety in adult and adolescent male rats. 
  • Using confirmatory factor analysis to measure contemporaneous activation of defined neuronal networks in functional magnetic resonance imaging. 
  • Validation of a cross-cultural instrument for child behavior problems: the Disruptive Behavior International Scale - Nepal version. 
  • Validation of a measure of family experience of patients with serious illness: the QUAL-E (Fam). 
  • Validation of an outcomes instrument for tonsil and adenoid disease. 
  • Validation of the Brazilian version of the musculoskeletal tumor society rating scale for lower extremity bone sarcoma. 
  • Validation of the Dutch language version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ-NL). 
  • Validation of the NHANES ADL scale in a sample of patients with report of cervical pain: factor analysis, item response theory analysis, and line item validity. 
  • Validation of the Persian version of the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES) in Pregnant Women: A Proper Tool to Assess Spirituality Related to Mental Health. 
  • Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. 
  • Validity and Reliability of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) Scale and Development of Its Shorter Version (S-PAC) Among Family Caregivers of Older Adults. 
  • Validity and reliability of the Caregiver Reaction Assessment scale among primary informal caregivers for older persons in Singapore. 
  • Validity of the multidimensional outcome expectations for exercise scale in continuing-care retirement communities. 
  • [Dialogues on the work process in oral health in Brazil: an analysis based on the PMAQ-AB survey]. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Dodge, Kenneth A., William McDougall Distinguished Professor of Public Policy Studies, Duke Science & Society
  • Halabi, Susan, Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Warner, David Samuel, Distinguished Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology, in the School of Medicine, Neurobiology
  • Wu, Li-Tzy, Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medicine, General Internal Medicine
  • Yancy Jr., William Samuel, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine