Hypnotics and Sedatives

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of eszopiclone 2 mg on sleep/wake function in older adults with primary and comorbid insomnia. 
  • A Common Neuroendocrine Substrate for Diverse General Anesthetics and Sleep. 
  • A WASO sub-group analysis of a 6-month study of eszopiclone 3 mg. 
  • A case of infant delirium in the neonatal intensive care unit. 
  • A comparison of placebo and no-treatment during a hypnotic clinical trial. 
  • A comparison of the efficacy of stimulus control for medicated and nonmedicated insomniacs. 
  • A compendium of placebo-controlled trials of the risks/benefits of pharmacological treatments for insomnia: the empirical basis for U.S. clinical practice. 
  • A cost-minimization analysis of dexmedetomidine compared with midazolam for long-term sedation in the intensive care unit. 
  • A double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrates sodium oxybate is effective for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. 
  • A greater analgesia, sedation, delirium order set quality score is associated with a decreased duration of mechanical ventilation in cardiovascular surgery patients. 
  • A multi-site randomized clinical trial to reduce suicidal ideation in suicidal adult outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder: Development of a methodology to enhance safety. 
  • A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study to assess the efficacy and safety of fospropofol disodium injection for moderate sedation in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. 
  • A pilot study of cerebral and haemodynamic physiological changes during sedation with dexmedetomidine or propofol in patients with acute brain injury. 
  • A polysomnography study of eszopiclone in elderly patients with insomnia. 
  • A prospective evaluation of the incidence of adverse events in nurse-administered moderate sedation guided by sedation scores or Bispectral Index. 
  • A randomized evaluation of bispectral index-augmented sedation assessment in neurological patients. 
  • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of eszopiclone for the treatment of insomnia in patients with chronic low back pain. 
  • A randomized, open-label study of the safety and tolerability of fospropofol for patients requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. 
  • Acute hemodynamic changes after rapid intravenous bolus dosing of dexmedetomidine in pediatric heart transplant patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterization. 
  • Adverse Effects of Hypnotic Medications. 
  • Alcohol and drug dependence symptom items as brief screeners for substance use disorders: results from the Clinical Trials Network. 
  • Alcohol withdrawal prevention: a randomized evaluation of lorazepam and ethanol--a pilot study. 
  • American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the use of topical anesthesia, analgesia, and sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in adult patients. 
  • An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone over 12 months in patients with chronic primary insomnia. 
  • Analgesia and Sedation Requirements in Mechanically Ventilated Trauma Patients With Acute, Preinjury Use of Cocaine and/or Amphetamines. 
  • Anesthetic effects on the glycerol model of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure in rats. 
  • Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club. Are 2 drugs better than 1 for acute agitation? A discussion on black box warnings, waiver of informed consent, and the ethics of enrolling impaired subjects in clinical trials: Answers to the January 2013 Journal Club questions. 
  • Another excuse bites the dust: low tidal volume ventilation does not increase sedation use. 
  • Assessing the comparative value of sedatives in the intensive care unit. 
  • Association between hospital volume and network membership and an analgesia, sedation and delirium order set quality score: a cohort study. 
  • Attenuation of the preoperative stress response with midazolam: effects on postoperative outcomes. 
  • Authors' reply to Dirksen et al. 
  • Blinding and bias in a hypnotic clinical trial. 
  • Bolus Administration of Fentanyl and Midazolam for Colonoscopy Increases Endoscopy Unit Efficiency and Safety Compared With Titrated Sedation. 
  • Botulinum Toxin: Techniques Within Pediatric Physiatry. 
  • Brainstem dysfunction as a predictor of death in the nonneurologically injured. 
  • British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus statement on evidence-based treatment of insomnia, parasomnias and circadian rhythm disorders. 
  • Cannabinoids. Synthesis and central nervous system activity of 8-substituted 10-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-5H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyridine and derivatives. 
  • Clinical Management of Insomnia Disorder. 
  • Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. 
  • Colonoscopy: practice variation among 69 hospital-based endoscopists. 
  • Comparative safety profile of chloral hydrate versus other sedatives for procedural sedation in hospitalized infants. 
  • Current medication practice and tracheal intubation safety outcomes from a prospective multicenter observational cohort study. 
  • DSM-5 substance use disorders among adult primary care patients: Results from a multisite study. 
  • Defining the Role of Dexmedetomidine in the Prevention of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. 
  • Developmental differences in the sensitivity of spontaneous and miniature IPSCs to ethanol. 
  • Dexmedetomidine Does Not Affect Evoked Potentials During Spine Surgery. 
  • Dexmedetomidine Pharmacokinetics and a New Dosing Paradigm in Infants Supported With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. 
  • Dexmedetomidine for transport of a spontaneously breathing combative child. 
  • Dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation during fiberoptic intubation: a report of three cases. 
  • Dexmedetomidine pharmacodynamics: Part II: Crossover comparison of the analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil in healthy volunteers. 
  • Dexmedetomidine pharmacodynamics: part I: crossover comparison of the respiratory effects of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil in healthy volunteers. 
  • Dexmedetomidine: A Means to an End or Just Delaying the Inevitable? 
  • Differences in Pediatric Non-Interventional Radiology Procedural Sedation Practices and Adverse Events by Registered Nurses and Physicians. 
  • Drug-induced interstitial lung diseases. 
  • Drugs derived from cannabinoids. 2. Basic esters of nitrogen and carbocyclic analogs. 
  • Drugs derived from cannabinoids. 4. Effect of alkyl substitution in sulfur and carbocyclic analogs. 
  • Early Recognition of Preventable Factors Associated with Delirium Saves Lives and Costs. 
  • Economic evaluation of propofol and lorazepam for critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. 
  • Effect of Fluid Bolus Administration on Cardiovascular Collapse Among Critically Ill Patients Undergoing Tracheal Intubation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Effect of dexmedetomidine on pulmonary artery pressure after congenital cardiac surgery: A pilot study. 
  • Effect of sedative and hypnotic doses of propofol on the EEG activity of patients with or without a history of seizure disorders. 
  • Effectiveness of Quetiapine as a Sedative Adjunct in Mechanically Ventilated Adults Without Delirium. 
  • Efficacy and safety of doxepin 3 and 6 mg in a 35-day sleep laboratory trial in adults with chronic primary insomnia. 
  • Efficacy of sedation regimens to facilitate mechanical ventilation in the pediatric intensive care unit: a systematic review. 
  • Electrocardiographic effects of dexmedetomidine in patients with congenital heart disease. 
  • Esmirtazapine in non-elderly adult patients with primary insomnia: efficacy and safety from a randomized, 6-week sleep laboratory trial. 
  • Eszopiclone co-administered with fluoxetine in patients with insomnia coexisting with major depressive disorder. 
  • Eszopiclone coadministered with escitalopram in patients with insomnia and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. 
  • Etomidate, adrenal function, and mortality in critically ill patients. 
  • Evaluation of eszopiclone discontinuation after cotherapy with fluoxetine for insomnia with coexisting depression. 
  • Evaluation of temazepam and diphenhydramine as hypnotics in a nursing-home population. 
  • Eye pain after vitreoretinal surgery: a prospective study of 185 patients. 
  • Fatigue in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. 
  • Fentanyl and Midazolam Are Ineffective in Reducing Episodic Intracranial Hypertension in Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. 
  • General anesthesia is not defined by a BIS level. 
  • High-dose dexmedetomidine for noninvasive pediatric procedural sedation and discharge readiness. 
  • High-dose dexmedetomidine sedation for pediatric MRI. 
  • Hypnotic Medications and Suicide: Risk, Mechanisms, Mitigation, and the FDA. 
  • Hypnotics should be considered for the initial treatment of chronic insomnia. Pro. 
  • Impact of Local Anesthesia Only Versus Procedural Sedation Using the Vancouver Clinical Pathway for TAVR: Insights From the 3M TAVR Study. 
  • Impact of a Real-Time, Pharmacist-Led, Intensive Care Unit-Based Feedback Intervention on Analgesia and Sedation Quality Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients. 
  • Impact of an Alcohol Withdrawal Treatment Pathway on Hospital Length of Stay: A Retrospective Observational Study Comparing Pre and Post Pathway Implementation. 
  • Improved analgesia, sedation, and delirium protocol associated with decreased duration of delirium and mechanical ventilation. 
  • In vivo evidence of the specificity of effects of GABA(A) receptor modulating medications. 
  • Inadequate provision of postintubation anxiolysis and analgesia in the ED. 
  • Indiplon is a high-affinity positive allosteric modulator with selectivity for alpha1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. 
  • Intracranial pressure response after pharmacologic treatment of intracranial hypertension. 
  • Intranasal midazolam and fentanyl for procedural sedation and analgesia in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. 
  • Intraoperative ketorolac and eye pain after vitreoretinal surgery: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. 
  • Intravenous Migraine Treatment in Children and Adolescents. 
  • Introduction: Definitions, measurements, and management in insomnia. 
  • Justifying different levels of palliative sedation. 
  • Ketamine as a probe for medetomidine stereoisomer inhibition of human liver microsomal drug metabolism. 
  • Laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) cholecystectomy with epidural vs. general anesthesia. 
  • Light versus heavy sedation after cardiac surgery: myocardial ischemia and the stress response. Maritime Heart Centre and Dalhousie University. 
  • Long-term efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg, administered 3 to 7 nights per week for 24 weeks, in patients with chronic primary insomnia: a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study. 
  • Long-term issues in the treatment of sleep disorders. 
  • Long-term, non-nightly administration of zolpidem in the treatment of patients with primary insomnia. 
  • Medical treatment of pregnancy hypertension. 
  • Melatonin and melatonin-receptor agonists to prevent delirium in hospitalized older adults: An umbrella review. 
  • Moderate sedation for MRI in young children with autism. 
  • Modifying Institutional Guidelines Reduces the Likelihood of Oversedation During Interventional Procedures. 
  • New medications and techniques in ambulatory anesthesia. 
  • Nicotine therapy in adulthood reverses the synaptic and behavioral deficits elicited by prenatal exposure to phenobarbital. 
  • Nightly treatment of primary insomnia with eszopiclone for six months: effect on sleep, quality of life, and work limitations. 
  • No association between intraoperative hypothermia or supplemental protective drug and neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing temporary clipping during cerebral aneurysm surgery: findings from the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial. 
  • Nocturnal Dexmedetomidine in Nonintubated, Critically Ill Patients: Sleep or Sedation? 
  • Nocturnal temazepam in the treatment of narcolepsy. 
  • Novel sublingual low-dose zolpidem tablet reduces latency to sleep onset following spontaneous middle-of-the-night awakening in insomnia in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, outpatient study. 
  • Obesity in women: anaesthetic implications for peri-operative and peripartum management. 
  • Opioid and benzodiazepine use during therapeutic hypothermia in encephalopathic neonates. 
  • Optimization of conscious sedation in plastic surgery. 
  • Overnight sedation with midazolam or propofol in the ICU: effects on sleep quality, anxiety and depression. 
  • Paradoxical reactions in children associated with midazolam use during endoscopy. 
  • Patient-controlled analgesia for conscious sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Pediatric sedation in radiology: the practice of safe sleep. 
  • Pharmacoeconomics and the formulary decision-making process. 
  • Pharmacokinetics of oral triazolam in children. 
  • Pharmacologic Treatment Reduces Pressure Times Time Dose and Relative Duration of Intracranial Hypertension. 
  • Pharmacological advances in the treatment of insomnia. 
  • Pharmacological agents to treat severe neuropsychiatric symptoms in major neurocognitive disorders. 
  • Population Pharmacokinetics of Dexmedetomidine in Infants. 
  • Postpartum Respiratory Depression. 
  • Processed EEG (bispectral index) is not appropriate for characterizing opioid sedation. 
  • Promotion by sodium barbital induces early development but does not increase the multiplicity of hereditary renal tumors in Eker rats. 
  • Propofol sedation for longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging research. 
  • QT interval prolongation and torsades de pointes in a patient undergoing treatment with vorinostat: a case report and review of the literature. 
  • Racial differences in sleep medication use: a cross-sectional study of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. 
  • Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture to prevent emergence delirium in children undergoing myringotomy tube placement. 
  • Relaxation to assist sleep medication withdrawal. 
  • Remifentanil for fetal immobilization and analgesia during the ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. 
  • Report of two cases where sleep related eating behavior occurred with the extended-release formulation but not the immediate-release formulation of a sedative-hypnotic agent. 
  • Review of the histamine system and the clinical effects of H1 antagonists: basis for a new model for understanding the effects of insomnia medications. 
  • Safety and Efficacy of Remimazolam Compared With Placebo and Midazolam for Moderate Sedation During Bronchoscopy. 
  • Safety and efficacy of suvorexant during 1-year treatment of insomnia with subsequent abrupt treatment discontinuation: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 
  • Sedation in the intensive care unit. 
  • Sedation practices in a cohort of critically ill patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. 
  • Sedation, Analgesia, and Paralysis during Mechanical Ventilation of Premature Infants. 
  • Sedative and GABAergic effects of ethanol on male and female rats. 
  • Sedative, hypnotic, and antianxiety medication use in an aging cohort over ten years: a racial comparison. 
  • Sedatives and Analgesics Given to Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units at the End of Life. 
  • Sensitivity of intravenous and oral alfentanil and pupillary miosis as minimal and noninvasive probes for hepatic and first-pass CYP3A induction. 
  • Sequential psychological and pharmacological therapies for comorbid and primary insomnia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Sleep and residual sedation after administration of zaleplon, zolpidem, and placebo during experimental middle-of-the-night awakening. 
  • Subjective effects and changes in steroid hormone concentrations in humans following acute consumption of alcohol. 
  • Survey of methadone-drug interactions among patients of methadone maintenance treatment program in Taiwan. 
  • Sustained efficacy of eszopiclone over 6 months of nightly treatment: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with chronic insomnia. 
  • Temporal Changes in Prescription of Neuropharmacologic Drugs and Utilization of Resources Related to Neurologic Morbidity in Mechanically Ventilated Children With Bronchiolitis. 
  • The Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Synopsis of the 2019 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines. 
  • The Nursing Home Behavior Problem Scale. 
  • The Perioperative Use of Dexmedetomidine in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: An Analysis from the Congenital Cardiac Anesthesia Society-Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Disease Database. 
  • The changing perspective on chronic insomnia management. 
  • The impact of bispectral index monitoring on rates of propofol administration. 
  • The impact of eszopiclone on sleep and cognition in patients with schizophrenia and insomnia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. 
  • The pharmacologic management of insomnia in patients with HIV. 
  • The possibility of preventing functional impairment due to sleep loss by pharmacologically enhancing sleep. 
  • The prevention of emesis in plastic surgery: a randomized, prospective study. 
  • The sedative and analgesic sparing effect of music. 
  • The treatment of primary insomnia. 
  • The use of dexmedetomidine in alcohol withdrawal. 
  • The use of sleep aids among Emergency Medicine residents: a web based survey. 
  • Too much of a good thing? Tracing the history of the propofol infusion syndrome. 
  • Treatment of insomnia in depressed insomniacs: effects on health-related quality of life, objective and self-reported sleep, and depression. 
  • Trends in opioid prescribing and co-prescribing of sedative hypnotics for acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain: 2001-2010. 
  • Undersedation During Total Hip Arthroplasty Reduction Results in Worse Patient Outcomes. 
  • Understanding the patient experience of pain and discomfort during cardiac catheterization. 
  • Understanding the sleep-wake cycle: sleep, insomnia, and the orexin system. 
  • Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in infants: diagnostic usefulness and safety. 
  • Use of ketamine during procedural sedation: indications, controversies, and side effects. 
  • Using difficulty resuming sleep to define nocturnal awakenings. 
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia: the role of ventilator management strategies. 
  • Veterans Affairs Primary Care Provider Perceptions of Insomnia Treatment. 
  • Zolpidem for persistent insomnia in SSRI-treated depressed patients. 
  • [3H]zolpidem binding in alcohol-preferring and non-preferring rat brain. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Jowell, Paul Simon, Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology
  • Wu, Li-Tzy, Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medicine, General Internal Medicine