Interleukin-2

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Fas-associated death domain protein/caspase-8-signaling axis promotes S-phase entry and maintains S6 kinase activity in T cells responding to IL-2. 
  • A Phase II trial of Denileukin Diftitox in patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 
  • A dynamic dual role of IL-2 signaling in the two-step differentiation process of adaptive regulatory T cells. 
  • A genomic- and proteomic-based hypothesis on the eclectic effects of systemic interleukin-2 administration in the context of melanoma-specific immunization. 
  • A global approach to tumor immunology. 
  • A highly selective inhibitor of IkappaB kinase, BMS-345541, augments graft survival mediated by suboptimal immunosuppression in a murine model of cardiac graft rejection. 
  • A low rate of central nervous system progression in a phase II trial of outpatient chemobiologic therapy with cisplatin, temozolomide, interleukin-2, and interferon alfa 2-B for metastatic malignant melanoma. 
  • A novel activation pathway for mature thymocytes. Costimulation of CD2 (T,p50) and CD28 (T,p44) induces autocrine interleukin 2/interleukin 2 receptor-mediated cell proliferation. 
  • A phase I study of intratumoral ipilimumab and interleukin-2 in patients with advanced melanoma. 
  • A phase I/IIa clinical trial in stage IV melanoma of an autologous tumor-dendritic cell fusion (dendritoma) vaccine with low dose interleukin-2. 
  • A phase II study of tamoxifen combined with cisplatin-interleukin 2 and alpha-interferon in metastatic melanoma. 
  • A progress report on the treatment of 157 patients with advanced cancer using lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2 or high-dose interleukin-2 alone. 
  • A prospective study of squamous head and neck carcinoma. Immunologic aberrations in patients who develop recurrent disease. 
  • A randomized phase II trial of interleukin-2 in combination with four different doses of bryostatin-1 in patients with renal cell carcinoma. 
  • A second human interleukin-2 binding protein that may be a component of high-affinity interleukin-2 receptors. 
  • A single peptide-major histocompatibility complex ligand triggers digital cytokine secretion in CD4(+) T cells. 
  • A tyrosine kinase physically associates with the beta-subunit of the human IL-2 receptor. 
  • Abnormal myelocytic cell development in interleukin-2 (IL-2)-deficient mice: evidence for the involvement of IL-2 in myelopoiesis. 
  • Activated Akt promotes increased resting T cell size, CD28-independent T cell growth, and development of autoimmunity and lymphoma. 
  • Activated T lymphocytes regulate hyaluronan binding to monocyte CD44 via production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. 
  • Activation of T lymphocytes for adhesion and cytokine expression by toxin-conjugated anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Activation of human B cells by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides. 
  • Active immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer with tumor cells genetically engineered to secrete multiple cytokines. 
  • Active immunotherapy with transiently transfected cytokine-secreting tumor cells inhibits breast cancer metastases in tumor-bearing animals. 
  • Active-specific immunization against melanoma: is the problem at the receiving end? 
  • Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-2 production by tumors induces growth of cytotoxic tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes against human renal cell carcinoma. 
  • Adoptive cell therapy for patients with metastatic melanoma: evaluation of intensive myeloablative chemoradiation preparative regimens. 
  • Agonist/endogenous peptide-MHC heterodimers drive T cell activation and sensitivity. 
  • Alteration of the CD34+ Tf-1 beta cell line profile in response to long-term exposure to IL-15. 
  • Altered Maturation Status and Possible Immune Exhaustion of CD8 T Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes. 
  • Amplification of suppressor inducer pathway with monoclonal antibody, anti-2H4, identifying a novel epitope of the common leukocyte antigen/T200 antigen. 
  • Anti-GD2 antibody with GM-CSF, interleukin-2, and isotretinoin for neuroblastoma. 
  • Antigen delivery by alpha(2)-macroglobulin enhances the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. 
  • Antigen- and lectin-sensitized murine cytolytic T lymphocyte-precursors require both interleukin 2 and endogenously produced immune (gamma) interferon for their growth and differentiation into effector cells. 
  • Association of cytokine polymorphic inheritance and in vitro cytokine production in anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. 
  • Augmentation of immune responses to HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccines by IL-2/Ig plasmid administration in rhesus monkeys. 
  • Augmentation of tumor-specific immunity by upregulation of apoptotic melanoma cell calreticulin expression. 
  • BET Bromodomain Inhibitors Which Permit Treg Function Enable a Combinatorial Strategy to Suppress GVHD in Pre-clinical Allogeneic HSCT. 
  • Biochemical and functional analysis of soluble human interleukin-2 receptor produced in rodent cells. Solid-phase reconstitution of a receptor-ligand binding reaction. 
  • CD19 expression in B cells is important for suppression of contact hypersensitivity. 
  • CD2-mediated IL-12-dependent signals render human gamma delta-T cells resistant to mitogen-induced apoptosis, permitting the large-scale ex vivo expansion of functionally distinct lymphocytes: implications for the development of adoptive immunotherapy strategies. 
  • CD28 costimulatory signal induces protein arginine methylation in T cells. 
  • CIS associates with the interleukin-2 receptor beta chain and inhibits interleukin-2-dependent signaling. 
  • CTLA-4-Mediated inhibition of early events of T cell proliferation. 
  • Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV regulates nuclear export of Cabin1 during T-cell activation. 
  • Carbonic anhydrase IX expression predicts outcome of interleukin 2 therapy for renal cancer. 
  • Cellular FLIP Inhibits Myeloid Cell Activation by Suppressing Selective Innate Signaling. 
  • Cellular anti-GP120 cytolytic reactivities in HIV-1 seropositive individuals. 
  • Cellular immunity elicited by human immunodeficiency virus type 1/ simian immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccination does not augment the sterile protection afforded by passive infusion of neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Central memory self/tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells confer superior antitumor immunity compared with effector memory T cells. 
  • Characteristics of the specific cell-mediated immune response in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 
  • Characterization of human interferon-gamma and human interleukin-2 from recombinant mammalian cell lines and peripheral blood lymphocytes. 
  • Characterization of skin cytokines in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris. 
  • Chemoimmunotherapy of metastatic malignant melanoma. The Salpétrière Hospital (SOMPS) experience. 
  • Chemoimmunotherapy versus chemotherapy for metastatic malignant melanoma. 
  • Clinical and immunologic effects of prolonged infusion of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 after autologous and T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 
  • Cloning of murine splenic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells on filter paper discs: detection of a novel NK/T phenotype. 
  • Coadministration of zidovudine and interleukin-2 increases absolute CD4 cells in subjects with Walter Reed stage 2 human immunodeficiency virus infection: results of ACTG protocol 042. 
  • Cognitive and Affective Symptoms Experienced by Cancer Patients Receiving High-Dose Intravenous Interleukin 2 Therapy: An Integrative Literature Review. 
  • Combination anti-CD2 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies induce tolerance while altering interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumor necrosis factor, and transforming growth factor-beta production. 
  • Combined immunodeficiency due to the selective absence of CD4 inducer T lymphocytes. 
  • Comparisons of CD8+ T cells specific for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and cytomegalovirus reveal differences in frequency, immunodominance, phenotype, and interleukin-2 responsiveness. 
  • Complete DiGeorge syndrome: persistence of profound immunodeficiency. 
  • Contemporary experience with high-dose interleukin-2 therapy and impact on survival in patients with metastatic melanoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 
  • Control of simian/human immunodeficiency virus viremia and disease progression after IL-2-augmented DNA-modified vaccinia virus Ankara nasal vaccination in nonhuman primates. 
  • Control of viremia and prevention of clinical AIDS in rhesus monkeys by cytokine-augmented DNA vaccination. 
  • Controlled local delivery of interleukin-2 by biodegradable polymers protects animals from experimental brain tumors and liver tumors. 
  • Costimulator dependence of lymphokine secretion by naive and activated CD4+ T lymphocytes from TCR transgenic mice. 
  • Cutting Edge: Elevated Glycolytic Metabolism Limits the Formation of Memory CD8+ T Cells in Early Life. 
  • Cutting edge: in vivo identification of TCR redistribution and polarized IL-2 production by naive CD4 T cells. 
  • Cyclosporine A inhibits Ca2+-dependent stimulation of the Na+/H+ antiport in human T cells. 
  • Cytokine augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120-specific cellular cytotoxicity. 
  • Cytokine induction of the ability of human monocyte CD44 to bind hyaluronan is mediated primarily by TNF-alpha and is inhibited by IL-4 and IL-13. 
  • Cytokine polymorphic analyses indicate ethnic differences in the allelic distribution of interleukin-2 and interleukin-6. 
  • Cytokine stimulation of aerobic glycolysis in hematopoietic cells exceeds proliferative demand. 
  • Cytokine therapy of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: interferons, interleukin-12, and interleukin-2. 
  • Cytokine transcriptional events during helper T cell subset differentiation. 
  • Cytokine-regulated expression of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (CD166) on monocyte-lineage cells and in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. 
  • Cytokines and immune response in the tumor microenvironment. 
  • DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with response to biochemotherapy in melanoma. 
  • DNA-MVA vaccine protection after X4 SHIV challenge in macaques correlates with day-of-challenge antiviral CD4+ cell-mediated immunity levels and postchallenge preservation of CD4+ T cell memory. 
  • Defective signaling in a subpopulation of CD4(+) T cells in the absence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. 
  • Delineation of the regions of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor beta chain important for association of Jak1 and Jak3. Jak1-independent functional recruitment of Jak3 to Il-2Rbeta. 
  • Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for HIV-1 Infection Using Autologous HIV-1 RNA: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. 
  • Denileukin diftitox for the treatment of CD25 low-expression mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. 
  • Depletion of human regulatory T cells specifically enhances antigen-specific immune responses to cancer vaccines. 
  • Depletion of human regulatory T cells. 
  • Development and use of SIV-based Integrase defective lentiviral vector for immunization. 
  • Differential effect of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein (Blimp-1) expression on cell fate during B cell development. 
  • Disruption of Mekk2 in mice reveals an unexpected role for MEKK2 in modulating T-cell receptor signal transduction. 
  • Distinct IL-2 receptor signaling pattern in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. 
  • Does thalidomide affect IL-2 response and production? 
  • Down-regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor ROR gamma t is essential for T lymphocyte maturation. 
  • Early events in human T cell ontogeny. Phenotypic characterization and immunohistologic localization of T cell precursors in early human fetal tissues. 
  • Echinococcus granulosus: assays for hydatid immunoregulatory factors using established lymphoid cell lines. 
  • Echinococcus granulosus: regulation of leukocyte growth by living protoscoleces from horses, sheep, and cattle. 
  • Effect of a metalloporphyrin antioxidant (MnTE-2-PyP) on the response of a mouse prostate cancer model to radiation. 
  • Effect of an intravitreal cyclosporine implant on experimental uveitis in horses. 
  • Effect of intraocular gamma-interferon on immunoregulatory properties of iris and ciliary body cells. 
  • Effect of irradiation on cytokine production, MHC antigen expression, and vaccine potential of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma gene-modified melanoma cells. 
  • Effect of pregnancy and human immunodeficiency virus infection on intracellular interleukin-2 production patterns. 
  • Effect of thymopoietin and interleukin 2 on depressed mitogenic responsiveness and colony formation of lymphocytes from patients with preleukemia. 
  • Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on cytokine production and expression of VIP receptors in thymocyte subsets. 
  • Effective tumor therapy with plasmid-encoded cytokines combined with in vivo electroporation. 
  • Effectiveness of combined interleukin 2 and B7.1 vaccination strategy is dependent on the sequence and order: a liposome-mediated gene therapy treatment for bladder cancer. 
  • Efficacy and safety of denileukin diftitox retreatment in patients with relapsed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 
  • Efficient gene transfer with adeno-associated virus-based plasmids complexed to cationic liposomes for gene therapy of human prostate cancer. 
  • Elevated levels of interleukin 6 in the vitreous fluid of patients with pars planitis and posterior uveitis: the Massachusetts eye & ear experience and review of previous studies. 
  • Endolymphatic immunotherapy in inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. 
  • Engagement of the adhesion receptor CD22 triggers a potent stimulatory signal for B cells and blocking CD22/CD22L interactions impairs T-cell proliferation. 
  • Enhancement of vaccine-mediated antitumor immunity in cancer patients after depletion of regulatory T cells. 
  • Eradication of melanoma pulmonary metastases by immunotherapy with tumor cells engineered to secrete interleukin-2 or gamma interferon. 
  • Erythema nodosum in a patient with renal cell carcinoma treated with interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. 
  • Ex vivo expansion, maturation, and activation of umbilical cord blood-derived T lymphocytes with IL-2, IL-12, anti-CD3, and IL-7. Potential for adoptive cellular immunotherapy post-umbilical cord blood transplantation. 
  • Expression and function of the gamma c subunit of the IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7 receptors. Distinct interaction of gamma c in the IL-4 receptor. 
  • Expression of a cloned human interleukin-2 cDNA is enhanced by the substitution of a heterologous mRNA leader region. 
  • Expression of membrane anchored cytokines and B7-1 alters tumor microenvironment and induces protective antitumor immunity in a murine breast cancer model. 
  • Expression of the placental cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and interleukin 10 is increased in preeclampsia. 
  • Extracellular domain of 4-1BBL enhanced the antitumoral efficacy of peripheral blood lymphocytes mediated by anti-CD3 x anti-Pgp bispecific diabody against human multidrug-resistant leukemia. 
  • Feasibility of low-dose interleukin-2 therapy following T-cell-depleted nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA-matched or -mismatched family member donors. 
  • Flow cytometric DNA analysis of interleukin-2 responsive renal cell carcinoma. 
  • Follow up of soluble IL-2 receptor level in metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated by chemoimmunotherapy. 
  • FoxO-dependent regulation of diacylglycerol kinase α gene expression. 
  • Fractalkine and CX3CR1 mediate a novel mechanism of leukocyte capture, firm adhesion, and activation under physiologic flow. 
  • Functional association of Nmi with Stat5 and Stat1 in IL-2- and IFNgamma-mediated signaling. 
  • Functional characteristics and survival requirements of memory CD4+ T lymphocytes in vivo. 
  • Functional heterogeneity of vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells. 
  • Gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8 responses in the reproductive tract and colon following nasal peptide priming and modified vaccinia virus Ankara boosting. 
  • Gene expression signatures of interleukin-2 in vivo and in vitro and their relation to anticancer therapy. 
  • Gene modification of primary tumor cells for active immunotherapy of human breast and ovarian cancer. 
  • Gene profiling of immune responses against tumors. 
  • Gene-expression profiling of the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and melanoma metastases to systemic IL-2 administration. 
  • Generation of melanoma-specific, cytotoxic CD4(+) T helper 2 cells: requirement of both HLA-DR15 and Fas antigens on melanomas for their lysis by Th2 cells. 
  • Genetic mapping of five human chromosome 4 orthologues to bovine chromosomes 6 and 17. 
  • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 mRNAs are produced by a small fraction of blood mononuclear cells. 
  • Graves' disease after interleukin-2 therapy in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 
  • Growth-dependent regulation of cellular ceramides in human T-cells. 
  • HLA class II molecules transduce accessory signals affecting the CD3 but not the interleukin-2 activation pathway in T blasts. 
  • HLA-A2-restricted human CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to a novel epitope in vaccinia virus that is conserved among orthopox viruses. 
  • Hematopoietic recovery following high-dose combined alkylating-agent chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support in patients in phase-I clinical trials of colony-stimulating factors: G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1, IL-2, M-CSF. 
  • High-Dose Interleukin-2: Evaluation of a Standardized Order Set for Biotherapy in an Intensive Care Unit
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  • High-dose interleukin-2 for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma : a retrospective analysis of response and survival in patients treated in the surgery branch at the National Cancer Institute between 1986 and 2006. 
  • High-resolution, noninvasive longitudinal live imaging of immune responses. 
  • How reliable and robust are current biomarkers for copper status? 
  • Human T cell reconstitution in DiGeorge syndrome and HIV-1 infection. 
  • Human T cells specifically activated against autologous malignant melanoma. 
  • Human interleukin-2 and lymphoproliferative (T-helper cell) responses to soluble HLA class I antigens in vitro: I. Specificity for polymorphic domains. 
  • Human interleukin-2 production in insect (Trichoplusia ni) larvae: effects and partial control of proteolysis. 
  • Human melanoma-mediated inhibition of autologous CD4+ helper tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte growth in vitro. 
  • Human postnatal CD4- CD8- CD3- thymic T cell precursors differentiate in vitro into T cell receptor delta-bearing cells. 
  • Human thymic epithelial cells directly induce activation of autologous immature thymocytes. 
  • IL-15 induces strong but short-lived tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cell responses through the regulation of Tim-3 in breast cancer. 
  • IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma gene expression versus secretion in superantigen-activated T cells. Distinct requirement for costimulatory signals through adhesion molecules. 
  • IL-2-controlled expression of multiple T cell trafficking genes and Th2 cytokines in the regulatory T cell-deficient scurfy mice: implication to multiorgan inflammation and control of skin and lung inflammation. 
  • IL-2-induced CD4+ T-cell expansion in HIV-infected patients is associated with long-term decreases in T-cell proliferation. 
  • IL-21 deficiency influences CD8 T cell quality and recall responses following an acute viral infection. 
  • IL233, A Novel IL-2 and IL-33 Hybrid Cytokine, Ameliorates Renal Injury. 
  • Immune lymphocyte survival after chemotherapy and radiation. 
  • Immune status assay (ISA): a noninvasive procedure for studying allograft rejection. 
  • Immunobiology of human gliomas. 
  • Immunogenicity in macaques of the clinical product for a clade B DNA/MVA HIV vaccine: elicitation of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha coproducing CD4 and CD8 T cells. 
  • Immunoregulatory disorders associated with hereditary angioedema. II. Serologic and cellular abnormalities. 
  • Immunosuppressive effects of subglutinol derivatives. 
  • Immunotherapy following regional chemotherapy treatment of advanced extremity melanoma. 
  • Immunotherapy of patients with advanced cancer using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and recombinant interleukin-2: a pilot study. 
  • Impact of Sequencing Targeted Therapies With High-dose Interleukin-2 Immunotherapy: An Analysis of Outcome and Survival of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma From an On-going Observational IL-2 Clinical Trial: PROCLAIMSM. 
  • Improved survival and tumor control with Interleukin-2 is associated with the development of immune-related adverse events: data from the PROCLAIMSM registry. 
  • In vitro and in vivo activity of murine lymphokine-activated killer cells after cryopreservation. 
  • In vitro and in vivo kinetics of recombinant vaccinia virus cancer-gene therapy. 
  • In vivo activation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells. 
  • In vivo cytokine-associated responses to biomaterials. 
  • In vivo molecular analysis of cytokines in a murine model of ocular onchocerciasis. I. Up-regulation of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs and not IL-2 and IFN gamma mRNAs in the cornea due to experimental interstitial keratitis. 
  • Increased IL-4 production and attenuated proliferative and pro-inflammatory responses of splenocytes from wild-caught rats (Rattus norvegicus). 
  • Increased immunogenicity of a DNA-launched Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based replicon DNA vaccine. 
  • Increased vaccine-specific T cell frequency after peptide-based vaccination correlates with increased susceptibility to in vitro stimulation but does not lead to tumor regression. 
  • Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating IL-2 monotherapy as remission maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. 
  • Induction of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) on squamous cell carcinoma by interferon gamma. 
  • Inflammatory protein profile during systemic high dose interleukin-2 administration. 
  • Inhibition by anti-HLA class II monoclonal antibodies of monoclonal antibody OKT3-induced T cell proliferation. Studies at the mRNA level. 
  • Inhibition of established pancreatic cancers following specific active immunotherapy with interleukin-2 gene-transduced tumor cells. 
  • Inhibition of human natural killer cell activity by a synthetic peptide homologous to a conserved region in the retroviral protein, p15E. 
  • Inhibition of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma by an HIV-1 Nef-encoded synthetic peptide. 
  • Inhibition of murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity by a synthetic retroviral peptide and abrogation of this activity by IL. 
  • Inhibition of the growth of human melanoma metastases in nude mice by melanoma-specific murine monoclonal antibody. 
  • Interleukin 2 induces both, growth and maturation of lectin reactive Lyt-2+ but not Lyt-2-precursor cells and regulates the cytolytic potential of effector cells. 
  • Interleukin 2 produced by activated B lymphocytes acts as an autocrine proliferation-inducing lymphokine. 
  • Interleukin-10: An Immune-Activating Cytokine in Cancer Immunotherapy. 
  • Interleukin-15 augments superoxide production and microbicidal activity of human monocytes against Candida albicans. 
  • Interleukin-2 activity in patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer: a phase II trial of Cancer and Leukemia Group B. 
  • Interleukin-2 gene variation impairs regulatory T cell function and causes autoimmunity. 
  • Interleukin-2 immunotherapy and AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis. 
  • Interleukin-2 immunotherapy of murine cytomegalovirus retinitis during MAIDS correlates with increased intraocular CD8+ T-cell infiltration. 
  • Interleukin-2 receptor expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients: relationship to clinical activity. 
  • Interleukin-2 reverses CD8(+) T cell exhaustion in clinical malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer. 
  • Interleukin-2 therapy for advanced chronic myeloid leukemia. 
  • Interleukin-2-induced dermatotoxicity resembling toxic epidermal necrolysis. 
  • Interleukin-21 is a critical regulator of CD4 and CD8 T cell survival during priming under Interleukin-2 deprivation conditions. 
  • In vitro generated anti-tumor T lymphocytes exhibit distinct subsets mimicking in vivo antigen-experienced cells. 
  • Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) deficiency: clinical, immunologic, and molecular analyses of 10 patients and outcomes of stem cell transplantation. 
  • Kinetics of cytokine expression during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. 
  • LAT is required for TCR-mediated activation of PLCgamma1 and the Ras pathway. 
  • LMP-420, a small molecular inhibitor of TNF-α, prolongs islet allograft survival by induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1: synergistic effect with cyclosporin-A. 
  • Lack of evidence for the dichotomy of TH1 and TH2 predominance in HIV-infected individuals. 
  • Landscape of stimulation-responsive chromatin across diverse human immune cells. 
  • Long-term biopsychosocial effects of interleukin-2 therapy. 
  • Long-term effects of intermittent interleukin 2 therapy in patients with HIV infection: characterization of a novel subset of CD4(+)/CD25(+) T cells. 
  • Long-term killing of natural killer-resistant target cells by interferon-alpha-, interferon-gamma-, and interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells. 
  • Low-dose interleukin-2 immunotherapy does not improve outcome of patients age 60 years and older with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9720. 
  • Lower concentrations of methyl-β-cyclodextrin combined with interleukin-2 can preferentially induce activation and proliferation of natural killer cells in human peripheral blood. 
  • Lymphoid hyperplasia, autoimmunity, and compromised intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte development in colitis-free gnotobiotic IL-2-deficient mice. 
  • Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell anti-HIV-1 ADCC reactivity: a potential strategy for reduction of virus-infected cellular reservoirs. 
  • Lymphokine-activated killer cell activity after cryopreservation. 
  • Mature T lymphocyte apoptosis--immune regulation in a dynamic and unpredictable antigenic environment. 
  • Measurement of cytokine release at the single cell level using the ELISPOT assay. 
  • Mechanism of immune response during immunotherapy. 
  • Mechanism of the anti-tumour effect of biochemotherapy in melanoma: preliminary results. 
  • Mechanisms of intestinal epithelial cell injury and colitis in interleukin 2 (IL2)-deficient mice. 
  • Melanoma-specific cytotoxic T cells generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Implications of a renewable source of precursors for adoptive cellular immunotherapy. 
  • Microwave tumour coagulation plus in situ treatment with cytokine-microparticles: induction of potent anti-residual tumour immunity. 
  • Modulation of in vitro autologous melanoma-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses by phorbol dibutyrate and ionomycin. 
  • Modulation of specific active immunization against murine melanoma using recombinant cytokines. 
  • Molecular signals in B cell activation. I. Differential refractory effects of incomplete signaling by ionomycin or PMA relate to autocrine IL-2 production and IL-2R expression. 
  • Molecular signals in B cell activation. II. IL-2-mediated signals are required in late G1 for transition to S phase after ionomycin and PMA treatment. 
  • Monoclonal antibodies to interferon-gamma inhibit interleukin 2-dependent induction of growth and maturation in lectin/antigen-reactive cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors. 
  • Mucosal melanoma. 
  • Multifunctional nanorods serving as nanobridges to modulate T cell-mediated immunity. 
  • Murine cytomegalovirus retinitis during retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency (MAIDS) in mice: interleukin-2 immunotherapy correlates with increased intraocular levels of perforin mRNA. 
  • Murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed from a bicistronic simian immunodeficiency virus-based integrase-defective lentiviral vector does not enhance T-cell responses in mice. 
  • Murine regulatory T cells contain hyperproliferative and death-prone subsets with differential ICOS expression. 
  • Mutation analysis of IL2RG in human X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. 
  • Myeloablative temozolomide enhances CD8⁺ T-cell responses to vaccine and is required for efficacy against brain tumors in mice. 
  • NHS-IL2 combined with radiotherapy: preclinical rationale and phase Ib trial results in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer following first-line chemotherapy. 
  • NK and LAK susceptibility varies inversely with target cell MHC class I antigen expression in a rat epithelial tumour system. 
  • Neurochemical basis of interleukin 2-modified discrimination behaviour. 
  • Nitric oxide and neopterin levels and clinical response in stage III melanoma patients receiving concurrent biochemotherapy. 
  • Novel interleukin-2 receptor subunit detected by cross-linking under high-affinity conditions. 
  • Overall survival by clinical risk category for high dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) treated patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC): data from the PROCLAIMSM registry. 
  • Paradoxical expression of adenosine deaminase in T cells cultured from a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency and combine immunodeficiency. 
  • Pentoxifylline and other methyl xanthines inhibit interleukin-2 receptor expression in human lymphocytes. 
  • Peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II complexes with mixed agonist/antagonist properties provide evidence for ligand-related differences in T cell receptor-dependent intracellular signaling. 
  • Perforin and IL-2 upregulation define qualitative differences among highly functional virus-specific human CD8 T cells. 
  • Persistence of Varicella-Zoster Virus Cell-Mediated Immunity After the Administration of a Second Dose of Live Herpes Zoster Vaccine. 
  • Persistence of attenuated rev genes in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected asymptomatic individual. 
  • Pertussis toxin triggers rapid second messenger production in human T lymphocytes. 
  • Phase 1 study in patients with metastatic melanoma of immunization with dendritic cells presenting epitopes derived from the melanoma-associated antigens MART-1 and gp100. 
  • Phase 2 study of the g209-2M melanoma peptide vaccine and low-dose interleukin-2 in advanced melanoma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 509901. 
  • Phase I studies of interleukin (IL)-2 and rituximab in B-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma: IL-2 mediated natural killer cell expansion correlations with clinical response. 
  • Phase I study of low-dose interleukin-2, fludarabine, and cyclophosphamide for previously untreated indolent lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 
  • Phase I trial of sequential low-dose 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine plus high-dose intravenous bolus interleukin-2 in patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. 
  • Phase I/II open-label study of the biologic effects of the interleukin-2 immunocytokine EMD 273063 (hu14.18-IL2) in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. 
  • Phase I/II trial of intermittent subcutaneous IL-2 administration in pediatric patients with moderate immune suppression: results of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Study 402. 
  • Phase III randomized trial of interleukin-2 with or without lymphokine-activated killer cells in the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. 
  • Phenotypic and functional consequences of herpesvirus saimiri infection of human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
  • Pivotal phase III trial of two dose levels of denileukin diftitox for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 
  • Polyfunctional T-Cell Signatures to Predict Protection from Cytomegalovirus after Lung Transplantation. 
  • Positively selected Leu-11a (CD16+) cells require the presence of accessory cells or factors for the lysis of herpes simplex virus-infected fibroblasts but not herpes simplex virus-infected Raji. 
  • Postremission therapy with low-dose interleukin 2 with or without intermediate pulse dose interleukin 2 therapy is well tolerated in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 9420. 
  • Predictors of complete responses with denileukin diftitox in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 
  • Preferential accumulation of antigen-specific effector CD4 T cells at an antigen injection site involves CD62E-dependent migration but not local proliferation. 
  • Preferential priming of alloreactive T cells with indirect reactivity. 
  • Preparative cytoreductive surgery in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with adoptive immunotherapy with interleukin-2 or interleukin-2 plus lymphokine activated killer cells. 
  • Preventing Lck Activation in CAR T Cells Confers Treg Resistance but Requires 4-1BB Signaling for Them to Persist and Treat Solid Tumors in Nonlymphodepleted Hosts. 
  • Protein kinase B controls transcriptional programs that direct cytotoxic T cell fate but is dispensable for T cell metabolism. 
  • Purified lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) activates human thymocytes via the CD2 pathway. 
  • Quality-of-life improvements in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients treated with denileukin diftitox (ONTAK). 
  • RORgamma t, a novel isoform of an orphan receptor, negatively regulates Fas ligand expression and IL-2 production in T cells. 
  • Rapid, comprehensive analysis of human cytokine mRNA and its application to the study of acute renal allograft rejection. 
  • Recombinant interleukin-2 in patients aged younger than 60 years with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 19808. 
  • Reconstitution of high affinity IL-2 receptor expression in a human T-cell line using a retroviral cDNA expression vector. 
  • Regulated expression and function of CD122 (interleukin-2/interleukin-15R-beta) during lymphoid development. 
  • Regulation of transcription factor NFAT by ADP-ribosylation. 
  • Renal allograft-infiltrating lymphocytes. A prospective analysis of in vitro growth characteristics and clinical relevance. 
  • Renal cell carcinoma treated with continuous-infusion interleukin-2 with ex vivo-activated killer cells. 
  • Repression of B7.2 on self-reactive B cells is essential to prevent proliferation and allow Fas-mediated deletion by CD4(+) T cells. 
  • Repression of interleukin-2 mRNA translation in primary human breast carcinoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. 
  • Requirement for Abl kinases in T cell receptor signaling. 
  • Requirement of the Src homology 2 domain protein Shb for T cell receptor-dependent activation of the interleukin-2 gene nuclear factor for activation of T cells element in Jurkat T cells. 
  • Retinal pigment epithelial cells induce foxp3(+) regulatory T cells via membrane-bound TGF-β. 
  • Retrovirus-elicited interleukin-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha as inducers of interferon-gamma-mediated pathology in mouse AIDS. 
  • Retroviruses and human cancer: evaluation of T-lymphocyte transformation by human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus. 
  • Reversible Reprogramming of Circulating Memory T Follicular Helper Cell Function during Chronic HIV Infection. 
  • Risk of bowel perforation in patients receiving interleukin-2 after therapy with anti-CTLA 4 monoclonal antibody. 
  • Role for the Abi/wave protein complex in T cell receptor-mediated proliferation and cytoskeletal remodeling. 
  • Salvage-targeted kidney cancer therapy in patients progressing on high-dose interleukin-2 immunotherapy: the UCLA experience. 
  • Selective modulation of human natural killer cells in vivo after prolonged infusion of low dose recombinant interleukin 2. 
  • Sequence requirements for ligand binding and cell surface expression of the Tac antigen, a human interleukin-2 receptor. 
  • Sequential chemoimmunotherapy with cisplatin, interleukin-2, and interferon alfa-2a for metastatic melanoma. 
  • Sequential delivery of maturation stimuli increases human dendritic cell IL-12 production and enhances tumor antigen-specific immunogenicity. 
  • Severely blunted allergen-induced pulmonary Th2 cell response and lung hyperresponsiveness in type 1 transient receptor potential channel-deficient mice. 
  • Signature for long-term vaccine-mediated control of a Simian and human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P challenge: stable low-breadth and low-frequency T-cell response capable of coproducing gamma interferon and interleukin-2. 
  • Significance of cytokine gene polymorphism in renal transplantation. 
  • Solution structure of the core NFATC1/DNA complex. 
  • Specific activation strategies for amplification of low CTL signals. 
  • Stable expression of transdominant Rev protein in human T cells inhibits human immunodeficiency virus replication. 
  • Stimulation of thymocyte proliferation by phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotides. 
  • Strain-specific Plasmodium falciparum multifunctional CD4(+) T cell cytokine expression in Malian children immunized with the FMP2.1/AS02A vaccine candidate. 
  • Studies on the mechanism and specificity of the effect of the synthetic random copolymer GLAT on graft-versus-host disease. 
  • Studies using a viral challenge and CD8 T cell depletions on the roles of cellular and humoral immunity in the control of an SHIV-89.6P challenge in DNA/MVA-vaccinated macaques. 
  • Subcutaneous interleukin-2 as initial therapy for patients with extensive small cell lung cancer: a phase II trial of Cancer and Leukemia Group B. 
  • Subcutaneous vaccination with irradiated, cytokine-producing tumor cells stimulates CD8+ cell-mediated immunity against tumors located in the "immunologically privileged" central nervous system. 
  • Subcutaneously administered recombinant human interleukin-2 and interferon alfa-2a for advanced breast cancer: a phase II study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 9041). 
  • Surfactant protein A modulates induction of regulatory T cells via TGF-β. 
  • Survival of subretinal pancreatic islet cell allografts and apoptosis in infiltrating lymphocytes in rats. 
  • Synthetic peptide corresponding to a conserved domain of the retroviral protein p15E blocks IL-1-mediated signal transduction. 
  • Systemic cytokine immunotherapy for experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis in mice with retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency. 
  • Systemic interleukin-2 and adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer cells improves antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in patients with relapsed B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab. 
  • T-Cell Exhaustion Signatures Vary with Tumor Type and Are Severe in Glioblastoma. 
  • T-bet:Eomes balance, effector function, and proliferation of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8+ T cells during primary infection differentiates the capacity for durable immune control. 
  • TCF1 Is Required for the T Follicular Helper Cell Response to Viral Infection. 
  • TGF-beta inhibits the in vitro induction of lymphokine-activated killing activity. 
  • Technology evaluation: gene therapy (IL-2), Valentis Inc. 
  • The IRF4 Gene Regulatory Module Functions as a Read-Write Integrator to Dynamically Coordinate T Helper Cell Fate. 
  • The Mycobacterium tuberculosis 71-kDa heat-shock protein induces proliferation and cytokine secretion by murine gut intraepithelial lymphocytes. 
  • The allure and peril of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: overcoming immune challenges to improve success. 
  • The c-FLIPL cleavage product p43FLIP promotes activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and caspase-8 and T cell survival. 
  • The effect of AZT on in vitro lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals. 
  • The effects of IL-1, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor on polymorphonuclear leukocyte Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. IL-2 down-regulates the effect of tumor necrosis factor. 
  • The importance of Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons sterile-alpha motif domain in thymic selection and T-cell activation. 
  • The importance of studying history: lessons learnt from a trial of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis. 
  • The long isoform of cellular FLIP is essential for T lymphocyte proliferation through an NF-kappaB-independent pathway. 
  • The pathway to biomarker discovery: carbonic anhydrase IX and the prediction of immune responsiveness. 
  • The role of CD4-Lck in T-cell receptor antagonism: evidence for negative signaling. 
  • The role of the L3T4 molecule in mitogen and antigen-activated signal transduction. 
  • The role of the LAT-PLC-gamma1 interaction in T regulatory cell function. 
  • The suppressive effect of a synthetic retroviral peptide on the human IFN gamma production is abrogated by the combined stimulation with IL-1 and IL-2. 
  • The virologic, immunologic, and clinical effects of interleukin 2 with potent antiretroviral therapy in patients with moderately advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection: a randomized controlled clinical trial--AIDS Clinical Trials Group 328. 
  • Therapeutic B cell depletion impairs adaptive and autoreactive CD4+ T cell activation in mice. 
  • Thromboxane augmentation of alloreactive T cell function. 
  • Thymic stromal-cell abnormalities and dysregulated T-cell development in IL-2-deficient mice. 
  • Timing of plasmid cytokine (IL-2/Ig) administration affects HIV-1 vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-seronegative subjects. 
  • Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism. 
  • Transduction of human melanoma cells with interleukin-2 gene reduces tumorigenicity and enhances host antitumor immunity: a nude mouse model. 
  • Transient CD86 expression on hepatitis C virus-specific CD8+ T cells in acute infection is linked to sufficient IL-2 signaling. 
  • Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. 
  • Treatment of human melanoma hepatic metastases in nude mice with human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
  • Treatment of metastatic melanoma using interleukin-2 alone or in conjunction with vaccines. 
  • Tumor microenvironment: what have we learned studying the immune response in this puzzling battlefield? 
  • Tumor recognition and lytic competence of IL-2-activated lymphocytes: regulation of both antibody-independent and -dependent cellular cytotoxicity via P75 IL-2 receptor. 
  • Two forms of NF-kappa B1 (p105/p50) in murine macrophages: differential regulation by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-2, and interferon-gamma. 
  • Unusual Rel-like architecture in the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor NFATc. 
  • Using an adaptive gene network model for self-organizing multicellular behavior. 
  • Vaccination of macaques with long-standing SIVmac251 infection lowers the viral set point after cessation of antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Vaccine-elicited immune responses prevent clinical AIDS in SHIV(89.6P)-infected rhesus monkeys. 
  • [Antitumoral action of interferons and interleukins in combination with radiotherapy. Part I: immunologic basis]. 
  • p53 functional impairment and high p21waf1/cip1 expression in human T-cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus type I-transformed T cells. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Buckley, Rebecca Hatcher, James Buren Sidbury Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, in the School of Medicine, Immunology
  • Lagoo, Anand Shreeram, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Sampson, John Howard, Robert H., M.D. and Gloria Wilkins Professor of Neurosurgery, in the School of Medicine, Immunology
  • Zhong, Xiaoping, Professor of Pediatrics, Immunology