Internal-External Control

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Cumulative Deficit Laboratory Test-based Frailty Index: Personal and Neighborhood Associations. 
  • A comparison of aggressive-rejected and nonaggressive-rejected children's interpretations of self-directed and other-directed rejection. 
  • A developmental perspective on peer rejection: mechanisms of stability and change. 
  • A discordant monozygotic twin design shows blunted cortisol reactivity among bullied children. 
  • A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. 
  • A mediational model of trait negative affectivity, dispositional thought suppression, and intrusive thoughts following laboratory stressors. 
  • A retrospective study of the concept of spirituality as understood by recovering individuals. 
  • A safety app to respond to dating violence for college women and their friends: the MyPlan study randomized controlled trial protocol. 
  • Adherence to dietary regimens. 2: Components of effective interventions. 
  • Adult obesity and functioning in the family of origin 
  • Age and sex differences in health habits and beliefs of schoolchildren. 
  • Agentic women and communal leadership: how role prescriptions confer advantage to top women leaders. 
  • An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. 
  • An experimental investigation of emotional reactivity and delayed emotional recovery in borderline personality disorder: the role of shame. 
  • An exploration of comorbid depression among female victims of intimate partner violence with posttraumatic stress disorder. 
  • Antecedents and behavior-problem outcomes of parental monitoring and psychological control in early adolescence. 
  • Are coping strategies and locus of control orientation associated with health-related quality of life in older adults with and without depression? 
  • Assessing patient beliefs in a clinical trial of Hypericum perforatum in major depression. 
  • Association of Childhood Lead Exposure With Adult Personality Traits and Lifelong Mental Health. 
  • Attributions and depression: why is the literature so inconsistent? 
  • Avoidance behavior in panic disorder: the moderating influence of perceived control. 
  • BIS and BAS interact with perceived parental affectionless control to predict personality disorder symptomatology. 
  • Bargaining power within couples and use of prenatal and delivery care in Indonesia. 
  • Behavior and psychological functioning of young children of HIV-positive mothers in South Africa. 
  • Behavior patterns in nonreferred children: replication of the factor structure of the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist. 
  • Behavior problems in preschool children: a pilot study. 
  • Can Genetics Predict Response to Complex Behavioral Interventions? Evidence from a Genetic Analysis of the Fast Track Randomized Control Trial. 
  • Cardiovascular and emotional responses in women: the role of hostility and harassment. 
  • Caregiver strain and youth suicide attempt: Are they related? 
  • Causal relationships of processes of change and decisional balance: stage-specific models for smoking. 
  • Changes of antero-posterior distribution of CNV and late positive component as a function of information processing demands. 
  • Childhood experience and the onset of menarche: a test of a sociobiological model. 
  • Childhood psychopathology can be really bad for your health. 
  • Classification of trauma and stressor-related disorders in DSM-5. 
  • Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder after a single-incident stressor. 
  • Coming to terms: parents' response to a first cancer recurrence in their child. 
  • Communication and control: parent, child, and health care professional interactions during painful procedures. 
  • Community dwelling elderly are appropriate subjects for intensive dietary choice restriction studies. 
  • Comparison between African-American and white women in their beliefs about breast cancer and their health locus of control. 
  • Compensating, resisting, and breaking: a meta-analytic examination of reactions to self-esteem threat. 
  • Compensatory rationalizations and the resolution of everyday undeserved outcomes. 
  • Compliance and noncompliance in cancer patients. 
  • Congruence of personality and life events in depression. 
  • Consumption after a diet violation: disinhibition or compensation? 
  • Control beliefs and risk for 4-year mortality in older adults: a prospective cohort study. 
  • Control-related cognitions and depression among inpatient children and adolescents. 
  • Coping and quality of life in patients awaiting lung transplantation. 
  • Coping style in relation to the consumption of factor concentrate in HIV-infected hemophiliacs during the years after their infection became known. 
  • Damage Awards and Jurors' Responsibility Ascriptions in Medical Versus Automobile Negligence Cases 
  • Delay of gratification, psychopathology, and personality: is low self-control specific to externalizing problems? 
  • Delineating the maladaptive pathways of child maltreatment: a mediated moderation analysis of the roles of self-perception and social support. 
  • Depressed adolescents and comorbid psychiatric disorders: are there differences in the presentation of depression? 
  • Depression, anxiety, and functional impairment in children with trichotillomania. 
  • Development of Response Evaluation and Decision (RED) and antisocial behavior in childhood and adolescence. 
  • Developmental mediation of genetic variation in response to the Fast Track prevention program. 
  • Developmental trajectories of boys' and girls' delinquency: sex differences and links to later adolescent outcomes. 
  • Dietary restraint and gestational weight gain. 
  • Differential risks of covarying and pure components in mother and teacher reports of externalizing and internalizing behavior across ages 5 to 14. 
  • Differential susceptibility to adolescent externalizing trajectories: examining the interplay between CHRM2 and peer group antisocial behavior. 
  • Discipline responses: influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. 
  • Dissemination of the Coping Power program: importance of intensity of counselor training. 
  • Do effects of early child care extend to age 15 years? Results from the NICHD study of early child care and youth development. 
  • Do smoking prevention programs really work? Attrition and the internal and external validity of an evaluation of a refusal skills training program. 
  • Early Adolescents' Unique Perspectives of Maternal and Paternal Rejection: Examining Their Across-Dyad Generalizability and Relations with Adjustment 1 Year Later. 
  • Effect of a paraprofessional home-visiting intervention on American Indian teen mothers’ and infants’ behavioral risks: a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Effectiveness of an individual school-based intervention for children with aggressive behaviour: a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Effects of automation of information-processing functions on teamwork. 
  • Emotion suppression in borderline personality disorder: an experience sampling study. 
  • Emotional antecedents of hot flashes during daily life. 
  • Emotional expression and body dissatisfaction. 
  • Empirically derived subtypes of adolescent depression: latent profile analysis of co-occurring symptoms in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). 
  • Endogenous and non-endogenous depressions: relations to life events, dysfunctional attitudes and event perceptions. 
  • Examining the correlates of engagement and disengagement coping among help-seeking battered women. 
  • Examining the inventory of interpersonal problems as a tool for conducting analogue studies of mechanisms underlying Borderline Personality Disorder. 
  • Exercise beliefs of breast cancer survivors before and after participation in a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Existential relatedness in light of eudemonic well-being and religious coping among middle-aged and older cardiac patients. 
  • Exposure to intimate partner violence, peer relations, and risk for internalizing behaviors: a prospective longitudinal study. 
  • Externality as a function of obesity in children: pervasive style or eating-specific attribute? 
  • Family adversity, positive peer relationships, and children's externalizing behavior: a longitudinal perspective on risk and resilience. 
  • Family instability and child maladjustment trajectories during elementary school. 
  • Future orientation in the self-system: possible selves, self-regulation, and behavior. 
  • Generalized anxiety disorder and depression: childhood risk factors in a birth cohort followed to age 32. 
  • God and the government: testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems. 
  • Group intervention with second graders at risk for behavioral problems: a pilot study. 
  • Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. 
  • High, usual and impaired functioning in community-dwelling older men and women: findings from the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on Successful Aging. 
  • Higher medical morbidity burden is associated with external locus of control. 
  • How do I judge my outcome when I do not know the outcome of others? The psychology of the fair process effect. 
  • Hypo-egoic self-regulation: exercising self-control by diminishing the influence of the self. 
  • I am too just like you: nonconscious mimicry as an automatic behavioral response to social exclusion. 
  • Illness specific patterns of psychological adjustment and cognitive adaptational processes in children with cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease. 
  • Impulsivity as a common process across borderline personality and substance use disorders. 
  • Integrating a relaxation response-based curriculum into a public high school in Massachusetts. 
  • Intentional false responding shares neural substrates with response conflict and cognitive control. 
  • Interaction of temperamental resistance to control and restrictive parenting in the development of externalizing behavior. 
  • Life course theory as a framework to examine becoming a mother of a medically fragile preterm infant. 
  • Locus of control and depression in students and psychiatric outpatients. 
  • Locus of control and vasomotor response to sensory processing. 
  • Locus of control, depression and quality of life among persons with sickle cell disease in Jamaica. 
  • Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. 
  • Making sense of misfortune: deservingness, self-esteem, and patterns of self-defeat. 
  • Males on the life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways: follow-up at age 26 years. 
  • Masculine Traits and Depressive Symptoms in Older and Younger Men and Women. 
  • Maternal depression in the intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and its sequelae: Testing postpartum effects in a longitudinal birth cohort. 
  • Measurement of materialism and spiritualism in substance abuse research. 
  • Measuring impulsivity and examining its relationship to delinquency. 
  • Mediators of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child internalizing and disruptive behavior disorders. 
  • Medication barriers and anti-hypertensive medication adherence: the moderating role of locus of control. 
  • Mothers' and fathers' autonomy-relevant parenting: longitudinal links with adolescents' externalizing and internalizing behavior. 
  • Mothers' and fathers' racial socialization in African American families: implications for youth. 
  • Motivational and emotional aspects of the self. 
  • Neurocognitive development of young children with sickle cell disease through three years of age. 
  • Nonverbal display of emotion in public and in private: self-monitoring, personality, and expressive cues. 
  • Obesity literacy and culture among African American women in Florida. 
  • Observed classroom behavior of children with ADHD: relationship to gender and comorbidity. 
  • Older Patients' Perspectives on Managing Complexity in CKD Self-Management. 
  • On the meaning of meaning when being mean: commentary on Berkowitz's "on the consideration of automatic as well as controlled psychological processes in aggression". 
  • Osteoporosis prevention in premenopausal women: using a stage model approach to examine the predictors of behavior. 
  • Outsourcing self-regulation. 
  • Over and over again: rumination, reflection, and promotion goal failure and their interactive effects on depressive symptoms. 
  • Pain diaries. For providers, nuanced data; for patients, a sense of control. 
  • Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: associations with child characteristics. 
  • Patient predictors of caregiver burden, optimism, and pessimism in rheumatoid arthritis. 
  • Pediatric brain tumor patients: their parents' perceptions of the hospital experience. 
  • Peer group victimization as a predictor of children's behavior problems at home and in school. 
  • Peer victimization during middle childhood as a lead indicator of internalizing problems and diagnostic outcomes in late adolescence. 
  • Perceived control, drive for thinness, and food consumption: anorexic tendencies as displaced reactance. 
  • Personal responsibility and control over our bodies: when expectation exceeds reality. 
  • Personality and oral health. 
  • Personality and self-regulation: trait and information-processing perspectives. 
  • Pervasive and situational hyperactivity--confounding effect of informant: a research note. 
  • Physical functioning in older blacks: an exploratory study identifying psychosocial and clinical predictors. 
  • Preadolescent peer status, aggression, and school adjustment as predictors of externalizing problems in adolescence. 
  • Predicting early adolescent disorder from childhood aggression and peer rejection. 
  • Predictors and moderators of treatment outcome in the Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Treatment Study (POTS I). 
  • Predictors and sequelae of trajectories of physical aggression in school-age boys and girls. 
  • Predictors of hopelessness among clinically depressed youth. 
  • Preferences, beliefs, and self-management of diabetes. 
  • Preschool psychopathology: lessons for the lifespan. 
  • Prospective study of externalizing and internalizing subtypes of posttraumatic stress disorder and their relationship to mortality among Vietnam veterans. 
  • Psychological adjustment of adults with sickle cell anemia: stability over 20 months, correlates, and predictors. 
  • Psychological adjustment of children with cystic fibrosis: the role of child cognitive processes and maternal adjustment. 
  • Psychological adjustment of mothers of children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: the role of stress, coping methods, and family functioning. 
  • Psychological inflexibility and symptom expression in anorexia nervosa. 
  • Psychosocial characteristics of pregnant and nulliparous adolescents. 
  • Psychosocial factors: role in cardiac risk and treatment strategies. 
  • Psychosocial work characteristics and perceived control in relation to cardiovascular rewind at night. 
  • Quality of life and Parkinson's disease. 
  • Quality-of-life assessment in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. 
  • Randomized controlled trial of a paraprofessional-delivered in-home intervention for young reservation-based American Indian mothers. 
  • Randomness, attributions of arousal, and belief in god. 
  • Reasons for quitting smoking among low-income African American smokers. 
  • Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: the dark side of high self-esteem. 
  • Relationship between all-cause mortality and cumulative working life course psychosocial and physical exposures in the United States labor market from 1968 to 1992. 
  • Relationships among self-care agency, self-efficacy, self-care, and glycemic control. 
  • Relative impact of maternal depression and associated risk factors on offspring psychopathology. 
  • Relaxation training for NIDDM. Predicting who may benefit. 
  • Reliability and validity of the perspectives of Support From God Scale. 
  • Religious belief as compensatory control. 
  • Response decision processes and externalizing behavior problems in adolescents. 
  • Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood psychopathology: externalizing disorders. 
  • Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood psychopathology: internalizing disorders. 
  • Reward-based decision making and electrodermal responding by young children with autism spectrum disorders during a gambling task. 
  • Role of GABRA2 in trajectories of externalizing behavior across development and evidence of moderation by parental monitoring. 
  • Role of child and maternal processes in the psychological adjustment of children with sickle cell disease. 
  • Satisfaction with social networks: an examination of socioemotional selectivity theory across cohorts. 
  • Screening parents during child evaluations: exploring parent and child psychopathology in the same clinic. 
  • Segmented hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder. 
  • Selective mutism continued. 
  • Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. 
  • Self-discrepancies and vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. 
  • Self-efficacy and adjustment in cancer patients: a preliminary report. 
  • Self-monitoring without awareness: using mimicry as a nonconscious affiliation strategy. 
  • Sex differences in coping and perceptions of life events. 
  • Social goals: relationship to adolescent adjustment and to social problem solving. 
  • Social information-processing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression. 
  • Social support and locus of control as predictors of adherence to antidepressant medication in an elderly population. 
  • Social versus individual motivation: implications for normative definitions of religious orientation. 
  • Social-cognitive and behavioral correlates of aggression and victimization in boys' play groups. 
  • Social-cognitive processing and depressive symptoms in children: a comparison of measures. 
  • Socialization mediators of the relation between socioeconomic status and child conduct problems. 
  • Sociodemographic correlates of health beliefs among black and white community dwelling elderly individuals. 
  • Sociotropy and autonomy: relationship to antidepressant drug treatment response and endogenous-nonendogenous dichotomy. 
  • Stigma in HIV-positive women. 
  • Stigma, perceived blame, self-blame, and depressive symptoms in men with colorectal cancer. 
  • Strength and safety in numbers: considering the social implications of regulatory focus. 
  • Stress hormone levels of children of depressed mothers. 
  • Stress in employed women: impact of marital status and children at home on neurohormone output and home strain. 
  • Stress, coping, and family functioning in the psychological adjustment of mothers of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. 
  • Stress, cortisol, and externalizing behavior in adolescent males: an examination in the context of multisystemic therapy. 
  • Temperament, recalled parenting styles, and self-regulation: testing the developmental postulates of self-discrepancy theory. 
  • Temperamental origins of child and adolescent behavior problems: from age three to age fifteen. 
  • Temperamental resistance to control increases the association between sleep problems and externalizing behavior development. 
  • Testing a social-cognitive model of HIV transmission risk behaviors in HIV-infected MSM with and without depression. 
  • The Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist behavioral classification system: a construct validity study with nonreferred children. 
  • The Role of Self-Control and Early Adolescents' Friendships in the Development of Externalizing Behavior: The SNARE Study. 
  • The concept of ego threat in social and personality psychology: is ego threat a viable scientific construct? 
  • The correspondence bias. 
  • The development of a locus of control measure predictive of injured athletes' adherence to treatment. 
  • The development of callous-unemotional traits and antisocial behavior in children: are there shared and/or unique predictors? 
  • The development of children's ideal and ought self-guides: parenting, temperament, and individual differences in guide strength. 
  • The effect of duration of intervention and locus of control on dietary change. 
  • The effect of job strain on nighttime blood pressure dipping among men and women with high blood pressure. 
  • The effects of sexual assault-related intrusion suppression in the laboratory and natural environment. 
  • The effects of the fast track preventive intervention on the development of conduct disorder across childhood. 
  • The impact of perceived racism: psychological symptoms among African American boys. 
  • The multi-dimensional nature of active coping: differential effects of effort and enhanced control on cardiovascular reactivity. 
  • The relation between mothers' hostile attribution tendencies and children's externalizing behavior problems: the mediating role of mothers' harsh discipline practices. 
  • The relationship between medical students' locus of control and promotion of breast self-examination. 
  • The relationship between sociotropy/autonomy and patterns of symptomatology in the depressed elderly. 
  • The role of central nervous system functioning and family functioning in behavioral problems of children with myelodysplasia. 
  • The role of mindfulness in positive reappraisal. 
  • The role of parent stress and coping and family functioning in parent and child adjustment to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. 
  • The social adaptation of mainstreamed mildly retarded children 
  • The structure and stability of common mental disorders (DSM-III-R): a longitudinal-epidemiological study. 
  • The timing of child physical maltreatment: a cross-domain growth analysis of impact on adolescent externalizing and internalizing problems. 
  • Thought suppression mediates the relationship between negative mood and PTSD in sexually assaulted women. 
  • Trait anger, anger expression, and suicide attempts among adolescents and young adults: a prospective study. 
  • Trajectories of maternal depression over 7 years: relations with child psychophysiology and behavior and role of contextual risks. 
  • Trajectories of physical discipline: early childhood antecedents and developmental outcomes. 
  • Understanding the determinants of exercise intentions in multiple myeloma cancer survivors: an application of the theory of planned behavior. 
  • Victim derogation and victim enhancement as alternate routes to system justification. 
  • Weight-loss practices, nutrition beliefs, and weight-loss program preferences of urban American Indian women. 
  • When friends disappoint: Boys’ and girls’ responses to transgressions of friendship expectations 
  • Work related stress among gynecologic oncologists. 
  • Young adult couples' decision making regarding emergency contraceptive pills. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Dodge, Kenneth A., William McDougall Distinguished Professor of Public Policy Studies, Duke Science & Society
  • Kimbrel, Nathan Andrew, Associate Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine
  • Zafar, Syed Yousuf, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Medical Oncology