Judgment

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Righteous minds" in health care: measurement and explanatory value of social intuitionism in accounting for the moral judgments in a sample of U.S. physicians. 
  • A counterfactual explanation for the action effect in causal judgment. 
  • A motivational intervention can improve retention in PCIT for low-motivation child welfare clients. 
  • A reexamination of the effects of intent and consequence on children's moral judgments. 
  • A self-agency bias in preschoolers\textquotesingle causal inferences. 
  • A study of psychophysical scaling in chronic pain patients. 
  • Abnormal moral reasoning in complete and partial callosotomy patients. 
  • Accuracy in judgments of aggressiveness. 
  • Addiction, Identity, Morality. 
  • Age differences in intuitive moral decision-making: Associations with inter-network neural connectivity. 
  • Age-related decline of visual processing components in change detection. 
  • Age-related differences in medial temporal lobe involvement during conceptual fluency. 
  • Age-related differences in resolving semantic and phonological competition during receptive language tasks. 
  • Age-related slowing in the retrieval of information from long-term memory. 
  • An ethical façade? Medical students' miscomprehensions of substituted judgment. 
  • Are two (inexperienced) heads better than one (experienced) head? Averaging house officers' prognostic judgments for critically ill patients. 
  • Assessing intraoperative judgment using script concordance testing through the gynecology continuum of practice. 
  • Assessment of intraoperative judgment during gynecologic surgery using the Script Concordance Test. 
  • Better than average? When can we say that subsampling of items is better than statistical summary representations? 
  • Beyond costs and benefits: understanding how patients make health care decisions. 
  • Biomechanical studies: science (f)or common sense? 
  • Blame, not ability, impacts moral "ought" judgments for impossible actions: Toward an empirical refutation of "ought" implies "can". 
  • Can psychopathic offenders discern moral wrongs? A new look at the moral/conventional distinction. 
  • Children's developing metaethical judgments. 
  • Children's perceptions of deviance and disorder. 
  • Clinician judgment vs formal scales for predicting intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes. 
  • College smokers' estimates of their probabilities of remaining a smoker in the near future. 
  • Competing cues: Older adults rely on knowledge in the face of fluency. 
  • Computational ethics. 
  • Confidence and corrections: how we make and un-make up our minds. 
  • Confidence and gradation in causal judgment. 
  • Conformity to peer pressure in preschool children. 
  • Conscience as clinical judgment: medical education and the virtue of prudence. 
  • Consequences, action, and intention as factors in moral judgments: an FMRI investigation. 
  • Contributions of frontopolar cortex to judgments about self, others and relations. 
  • Correlations of trait and state emotions with utilitarian moral judgements. 
  • Counterfactual Plausibility and Comparative Similarity. 
  • Criterial range as a frame of reference for stimulus judgment. 
  • Defining successful performance among pediatric residents. 
  • Development links psychological causes to evolutionary explanations 
  • Double Prevention, Causal Judgments, and Counterfactuals. 
  • Dynamic decision making in the brain. 
  • Effects of LifeSkills training on medical students' performance in dealing with complex clinical cases. 
  • Essentialist thinking predicts decrements in children's memory for racially ambiguous faces. 
  • Estimating minimally important difference (MID) in PROMIS pediatric measures using the scale-judgment method. 
  • Evidence-based decision-making in psychopharmacology. 
  • Evoking false beliefs about autobiographical experience. 
  • Examining clinical judgment in an adaptive intervention design: The fast track program. 
  • Facilitation and Debriefing in Simulation Education. 
  • Fact learning: how information accuracy, delay, and repeated testing change retention and retrieval experience. 
  • Factors that influence practitioners' interpretations of evidence from alternative medicine trials: a factorial vignette experiment embedded in a national survey. 
  • Failure to discount for conflict of interest when evaluating medical literature: a randomised trial of physicians. 
  • Fallacious reversal of event-order during recall reveals memory reconstruction in rhesus monkeys. 
  • Functional connectivity with ventromedial prefrontal cortex reflects subjective value for social rewards. 
  • Functional networks underlying item and source memory: shared and distinct network components and age-related differences. 
  • Garner interference reveals dependencies between emotional expression and gaze in face perception. 
  • Giving Is Nicer than Taking: Preschoolers Reciprocate Based on the Social Intentions of the Distributor. 
  • Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies. 
  • How actions create--not just reveal--preferences. 
  • Implicit moral evaluations: A multinomial modeling approach. 
  • In Defense of "Denial": Difficulty Knowing When Beliefs Are Unrealistic and Whether Unrealistic Beliefs Are Bad. 
  • In a survey, marked inconsistency in how oncologists judged value of high-cost cancer drugs in relation to gains in survival. 
  • In pain thou shalt bring forth children: the peak-and-end rule in recall of labor pain. 
  • In search of the silver lining: the justice motive fosters perceptions of benefits in the later lives of tragedy victims. 
  • Infection, incest, and iniquity: investigating the neural correlates of disgust and morality. 
  • Is morality unified? Evidence that distinct neural systems underlie moral judgments of harm, dishonesty, and disgust. 
  • Judging Truth. 
  • Judging the Past: The Case of the Human Radiation Experiments 
  • Knowledge matters: how children evaluate the reliability of testimony as a process of rational inference. 
  • Lateral prefrontal cortex and self-control in intertemporal choice. 
  • Linking object boundaries at scale: a common mechanism for size and shape judgments. 
  • Making moral principles suit yourself. 
  • Maldevelopment of visual motion processing in humans who had strabismus with onset in infancy. 
  • Medical Facts versus Value Judgments--Toward Preference-Sensitive Guidelines. 
  • Modelling the effects of crime type and evidence on judgments about guilt. 
  • Moral appraisals affect doing/allowing judgments. 
  • Moral foundations vignettes: a standardized stimulus database of scenarios based on moral foundations theory. 
  • Neural basis of goal-driven changes in knowledge activation. 
  • Neural basis of moral verdict and moral deliberation. 
  • Neural correlates of confidence during item recognition and source memory retrieval: evidence for both dual-process and strength memory theories. 
  • Neural correlates of promotion and prevention goal activation: an fMRI study using an idiographic approach. 
  • Neural mechanisms underlying subsequent memory for personal beliefs:An fMRI study. 
  • Neurocognitive mechanisms of gaze-expression interactions in face processing and social attention. 
  • Norms Affect Prospective Causal Judgments. 
  • On Known Unknowns: Fluency and the Neural Mechanisms of Illusory Truth. 
  • On measuring fuzziness: a comment on "A fuzzy set approach to modifiers and vagueness in natural language". 
  • On the benign qualities of behavioral disinhibition: because of the prosocial nature of people, behavioral disinhibition can weaken pleasure with getting more than you deserve. 
  • Overconfidence in interval estimates. 
  • Overestimation of test effects in clinical judgment. 
  • Oversampling of minority categories drives misperceptions of group compositions. 
  • People over forty feel 20% younger than their age: subjective age across the lifespan. 
  • Perceived similarity of imagined possible worlds affects judgments of counterfactual plausibility. 
  • Preferences for separating or combining events. 
  • Processing dimensional stimuli: a note. 
  • Psychologists' judgments of psychologically aggressive actions when perpetrated by a husband versus a wife. 
  • Race, gender, and risk perceptions of the legal consequences of drinking and driving. 
  • Reaching Consensus in Polarized Moral Debates. 
  • Reasons probably won't change your mind: The role of reasons in revising moral decisions. 
  • Reduced amygdala-orbitofrontal connectivity during moral judgments in youths with disruptive behavior disorders and psychopathic traits. 
  • Regional cerebral glucose metabolism differentiates danger- and non-danger-based traumas in post-traumatic stress disorder. 
  • Response scales and sequential effects in judgment. 
  • Returning to roots: on social information processing and moral development. 
  • Rule-dependent prefrontal cortex activity across episodic and perceptual decisions: an fMRI investigation of the criterial classification account. 
  • Satisficing in split-second decision making is characterized by strategic cue discounting. 
  • Scale invariance of temporal order discrimination using complex, naturalistic events. 
  • Selective attention to emotion in the aging brain. 
  • Self-affirmation moderates effects of unrealistic optimism and pessimism on reactions to tailored risk feedback. 
  • Set-relevance determines the impact of distractors on episodic memory retrieval. 
  • Shared brain activity for aesthetic and moral judgments: implications for the Beauty-is-Good stereotype. 
  • Six of one, half dozen of the other: expanding and contracting numerical dimensions produces preference reversals. 
  • Slowing presentation speed increases illusions of knowledge. 
  • Social versus individual motivation: implications for normative definitions of religious orientation. 
  • Strategies for Addressing a Broader Definition of Conflicts of Interest. 
  • Strategies for revising judgment: how (and how well) people use others' opinions. 
  • Student and faculty perceptions of effective clinical instructors in ADN programs. 
  • Subcomponents of psychopathy have opposing correlations with punishment judgments. 
  • Substituted judgment in principle and practice: a national physician survey. 
  • Surgeon judgment and utility of transit time flow probes in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. 
  • Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations II: pilot study of a new system. 
  • Telescoping is not time compression: a model of the dating of autobiographical events. 
  • The Child as Econometrician: A Rational Model of Preference Understanding in Children 
  • The Impact of Proficiency Testing Information and Error Aversions on the Weight Given to Fingerprint Evidence 
  • The Medication Administration System--Nurses Assessment of Satisfaction (MAS-NAS) scale. 
  • The Psychological Appeal of Fake-News Attributions. 
  • The behavioral economics of drunk driving. 
  • The cultural roots of free will beliefs: How Singaporean and U.S. Children judge and explain possibilities for action in interpersonal contexts. 
  • The effects of averaging subjective probability estimates between and within judges. 
  • The frequency of voluntary and involuntary autobiographical memories across the life span. 
  • The morality of organization versus organized members: Organizations are attributed more control and responsibility for negative outcomes than are equivalent members. 
  • The pot calling the kettle black: distancing response to ethical dissonance. 
  • The reasons young children give to peers when explaining their judgments of moral and conventional rules. 
  • The reminiscence bump in the temporal distribution of the best football players of all time: Pelé, Cruijff or Maradona? 
  • The scoring and reproducibility of an essay test of clinical judgment. 
  • The temporal distribution of autobiographical memory: changes in reliving and vividness over the life span do not explain the reminiscence bump. 
  • The unintended consequences of argument dilution in direct-to-consumer drug advertisements. 
  • The wisdom of select crowds. 
  • Theoretical integration in motivational science: System justification as one of many "autonomous motivational structures". 
  • Time-dependent changes in positively biased self-perceptions of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a developmental psychopathology perspective. 
  • Too much experience: a desensitization bias in emotional perspective taking. 
  • Treatment intensification in a hypertension telemanagement trial: clinical inertia or good clinical judgment? 
  • Two Distinct Moral Mechanisms for Ascribing and Denying Intentionality 
  • US primary care physicians' opinions about conscientious refusal: a national vignette experiment. 
  • Valence framing effects on moral judgments: A meta-analysis. 
  • Validation of the Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID) as a Screening Tool for Voice Disorders: Development of Clinical Cutoff Scores. 
  • Video game players show more precise multisensory temporal processing abilities. 
  • What should clinicians do when faced with conflicting recommendations? 
  • Young Children Infer Causal Strength From Probabilities and Interventions 
  • Young children do not perceive distributional fairness as a moral norm. 
  • Young children's responses to guilt displays. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Cabeza, Roberto, Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke Science & Society
  • Dodge, Kenneth A., William McDougall Distinguished Professor of Public Policy Studies, Duke Science & Society
  • Olsen, Maren Karine, Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter, Chauncey Stillman Distinguished Professor of Practical Ethics, Duke Science & Society