Longevity

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Death and taxes": a contrary view. 
  • "Predicting" parental longevity from offspring endophenotypes: data from the Long Life Family Study (LLFS). 
  • A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Human Caloric Restriction: Feasibility and Effects on Predictors of Health Span and Longevity. 
  • A case-only approach for assessing gene by sex interaction in human longevity. 
  • A centenarian-only approach for assessing gene-gene interaction in human longevity. 
  • A comparative assessment of univariate longevity measures using zoological animal records. 
  • A comparison of 3% hypertonic saline and mannitol for brain relaxation during elective supratentorial brain tumor surgery. 
  • A computer program for survival comparisons to a standard population. 
  • A decrease in the dose of the lgl tumor suppressor increases life span of Drosophila in stress and is related to the maternal effect. 
  • A logistic regression model for measuring gene-longevity associations. 
  • A meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies of survival to age 90 years or older: the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium. 
  • A novel healthy blood pressure phenotype in the Long Life Family Study. 
  • A novel sampling design to explore gene-longevity associations: the ECHA study. 
  • A population study of Alzheimer's disease: findings from the Cache County Study on Memory, Health, and Aging. 
  • A stress-sensitive reporter predicts longevity in isogenic populations of Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Accelerated accumulation of health deficits as a characteristic of aging. 
  • Accuracy and Longevity of an Implantable Continuous Glucose Sensor in the PRECISE Study: A 180-Day, Prospective, Multicenter, Pivotal Trial. 
  • Acetate metabolism and aging: An emerging connection. 
  • Advances in measuring lifespan in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Age, gender, and cancer but not neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases strongly modulate systemic effect of the Apolipoprotein E4 allele on lifespan. 
  • Age-dependent atrophy and microgravity travel: what do they have in common? 
  • Age-specific demographic profiles of longevity mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans show segmental effects. 
  • Age-specific mortality trends in France and Italy since 1900: period and cohort effects. 
  • Aging andlongevity: towards the next millennium. The Bat Sheva Le Rothschild International Seminar on Cellular, Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Aging and Longevity. Zichron Yaacov, Israel, 7-12 December 1997. 
  • Aging in the natural world: comparative data reveal similar mortality patterns across primates. 
  • Aging. It's never too late. 
  • An age-structured extension to the vectorial capacity model. 
  • An allele of HRAS1 3'variable number of tandem repeats is a frailty allele: implication for an evolutionarily-conserved pathway involved in longevity. 
  • An archival prospective study of mental health and longevity. 
  • Antiaging treatments have been legally prescribed for approximately thirty years. 
  • Anticipation of oxidative damage decelerates aging in virgin female medflies: hypothesis tested by statistical modeling. 
  • Assessing genetic association with human survival at multi-allelic loci. 
  • Association between APOE epsilon 2/epsilon 3/epsilon 4 polymorphism and disability severity in a national long-term care survey sample. 
  • Association of late childbearing with healthy longevity among the oldest-old in China. 
  • BMP signaling is required for controlling somatic stem cell self-renewal in the Drosophila ovary. 
  • Benefits of smoking cessation for longevity. 
  • Beta2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms as systemic determinants of healthy aging in an evolutionary context. 
  • Biodemographic trajectories of longevity. 
  • Biodemography of human ageing. 
  • Biogenetic mechanisms predisposing to complex phenotypes in parents may function differently in their children. 
  • Biogenetic mechanisms predisposing to complex phenotypes in parents may function differently in their children. 
  • Birth cohort differences in the prevalence of longevity-associated variants in APOE and FOXO3A in Danish long-lived individuals. 
  • Body weight is not always a good predictor of longevity in mice. 
  • Body-composition changes in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE)-2 study: a 2-y randomized controlled trial of calorie restriction in nonobese humans. 
  • Bone marrow transplantation augments the effect of brain- and spinal cord-directed adeno-associated virus 2/5 gene therapy by altering inflammation in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy. 
  • C. elegans germline-deficient mutants respond to pathogen infection using shared and distinct mechanisms. 
  • Cancer and longevity--is there a trade-off? A study of cooccurrence in Danish twin pairs born 1900-1918. 
  • Cancer patient preferences for quality and length of life. 
  • Centenarians--a useful model for healthy aging? A 29-year follow-up of hospitalizations among 40,000 Danes born in 1905. 
  • Characteristics of Framingham offspring participants with long-lived parents. 
  • Childhood conscientiousness and longevity: health behaviors and cause of death. 
  • Cohort Profile: The 1895, 1905, 1910 and 1915 Danish Birth Cohort Studies - secular trends in the health and functioning of the very old. 
  • Cold temperature improves mobility and survival in Drosophila models of autosomal-dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP). 
  • Comment on "Inflammatory exposure and historical changes in human life-spans". 
  • Comparing personality scales across time: an illustrative study of validity and consistency in life-span archival data. 
  • Correlated individual frailty: an advantageous approach to survival analysis of bivariate data. 
  • Cumulative deficits and physiological indices as predictors of mortality and long life. 
  • Cumulative early life adversity predicts longevity in wild baboons. 
  • Cumulative index of elderly disorders and its dynamic contribution to mortality and longevity. 
  • Cumulative index of health deficiencies as a characteristic of long life. 
  • Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus): heritability of altered expression and relationship to survival in contaminated sediments. 
  • Date of eclosion modulates longevity: insights across dietary-restriction gradients and female reproduction in the mexfly Anastrepha ludens. 
  • Decrease in the lgl tumor suppressor dose in Drosophila increases survival and longevity in stress conditions. 
  • Deficiency of the lipid synthesis enzyme, DGAT1, extends longevity in mice. 
  • Dementia: the leading predictor of death in a defined elderly population: the Cache County Study. 
  • Demographic characteristics of Sardinian centenarian genealogies: Preliminary results of the AKeA2 study 
  • Demographic thinking. 
  • Demography. Broken limits to life expectancy. 
  • Design, recruitment, logistics, and data management of the GEHA (Genetics of Healthy Ageing) project. 
  • Detection of hormesis effect in longevity: simulation approach for heterogeneous population. 
  • Determinants of longevity: genetic, environmental and medical factors. 
  • Diet Shapes Mortality Response to Trauma in Old Tephritid Fruit Flies. 
  • Dietary Restriction and AMPK Increase Lifespan via Mitochondrial Network and Peroxisome Remodeling. 
  • Differential survival with Alzheimer disease. 
  • Direct and indirect effects of childhood conditions on survival and health among male and female elderly in China. 
  • Disruption of the Ang II type 1 receptor promotes longevity in mice. 
  • Diversity of ageing across the tree of life. 
  • Do gender, disability, and morbidity affect aging rate in the LLFS? Application of indices of cumulative deficits. 
  • Do non-scientists really live longer? 
  • Does childhood personality predict longevity? 
  • Does private religious activity prolong survival? A six-year follow-up study of 3,851 older adults. 
  • Dose-dependent effect of melatonin on life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female SHR mice. 
  • Drosophila spastin regulates synaptic microtubule networks and is required for normal motor function. 
  • Dual modes of aging in Mediterranean fruit fly females. 
  • Dynamic paradigms for human mortality and aging. 
  • Effect of Calorie Restriction on Mood, Quality of Life, Sleep, and Sexual Function in Healthy Nonobese Adults: The CALERIE 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Effect of age of initiation of feed restriction on growth, body composition, and longevity of rats. 
  • Effect of delta-sleep inducing peptide-containing preparation Deltaran on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female SHR mice. 
  • Effect of exposure to light-at-night on life span and spontaneous carcinogenesis in female CBA mice. 
  • Effect of neuronol on lifespan and development of spontaneous tumors in SAMP-1 mice with genetically accelerated aging. 
  • Effects of Beauveria bassiana on survival, blood-feeding success, and fecundity of Aedes aegypti in laboratory and semi-field conditions. 
  • Effects of FOXO genotypes on longevity: a biodemographic analysis. 
  • Effects of medical research on health care and economy. 
  • Eliciting stated health preferences: an application to willingness to pay for longevity. 
  • Estimating haplotype relative risks on human survival in population-based association studies. 
  • Estimation of apolipoprotein E genotype-specific relative mortality risks from the distribution of genotypes in centenarians and middle-aged men: apolipoprotein E gene is a "frailty gene," not a "longevity gene". 
  • Evaluation of genotype-specific survival using joint analysis of genetic and non-genetic subsamples of longitudinal data. 
  • Evidence from case-control and longitudinal studies supports associations of genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6 with human longevity. 
  • Evolutionary optimality applied to Drosophila experiments: hypothesis of constrained reproductive efficiency. 
  • Exceptional longevity does not result in excessive levels of disability. 
  • Factors associated with consumption of alcohol in older adults - a comparison between two cultures, China and Norway: the CLHLS and the HUNT-study. 
  • Family clustering in Sardinian longevity: a genealogical approach. 
  • Fertility/longevity trade-offs under limiting-male conditions in mating populations of Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Frailty and mortality among Chinese at advanced ages. 
  • Frailty and type of death among older adults in China: prospective cohort study. 
  • Frailty and type of death among older adults in China: prospective cohort study. 
  • Gender-dependent association of body mass index and waist circumference with disability in the Chinese oldest old. 
  • Gene/longevity association studies at four autosomal loci (REN, THO, PARP, SOD2). 
  • Genes and longevity: lessons from studies of centenarians. 
  • Genes, demography, and life span: the contribution of demographic data in genetic studies on aging and longevity. 
  • Genetic analysis of durations: correlated frailty model applied to survival of Danish twins. 
  • Genetic correlates of longevity and selected age-related phenotypes: a genome-wide association study in the Framingham Study. 
  • Genetic dissection of late-life fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Genetic influence on human lifespan and longevity. 
  • Genetic model for longitudinal studies of aging, health, and longevity and its potential application to incomplete data. 
  • Genetic signatures of exceptional longevity in humans. 
  • Genome-wide linkage analysis for human longevity: Genetics of Healthy Aging Study. 
  • Germline signaling mediates the synergistically prolonged longevity produced by double mutations in daf-2 and rsks-1 in C. elegans. 
  • Have the oldest old adults ever been frail in the past? A hypothesis that explains modern trends in survival. 
  • Health and function of participants in the Long Life Family Study: A comparison with other cohorts. 
  • Health consequences of familial longevity influence among the Chinese elderly. 
  • Health-related phenotypes and longevity in danish twins. 
  • Healthiness of survival and quality of death among oldest old in China using fuzzy sets. 
  • Healthy ageing: the natural consequences of good nutrition-a conference report. 
  • Heating stress patterns in Caenorhabditis elegans longevity and survivorship. 
  • Heritability estimates of endophenotypes of long and health life: the Long Life Family Study. 
  • Heritability of death from respiratory diseases: an analysis of Danish twin survival data using a correlated frailty model. 
  • Heterogeneity's ruses: some surprising effects of selection on population dynamics. 
  • High normal plasma triglycerides are associated with preserved cognitive function in Chinese oldest-old. 
  • Home or nursing home: does place of residence affect longevity in patients with Alzheimer's disease? The experience of CERAD patients. 
  • Hormesis and debilitation effects in stress experiments using the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans: the model of balance between cell damage and HSP levels. 
  • How frailty models can be used for evaluating longevity limits: taking advantage of an interdisciplinary approach. 
  • How genes influence life span: the biodemography of human survival. 
  • How heritable is individual susceptibility to death? The results of an analysis of survival data on Danish, Swedish and Finnish twins. 
  • How long can humans live? Lower bound for biological limit of human longevity calculated from Danish twin data using correlated frailty model. 
  • How the analysis of genetic mutations can help us to solve basic problems in gerontology? I. Life extending genetic modifications in round worm C. elegans. 
  • How the analysis of genetic mutations can help us to solve basic problems in gerontology? II. Life extending genetic modifications in budding yeast S. cereviseae, fruit fly D. melanogaster and laboratory mice M. musculus. 
  • How the effects of aging and stresses of life are integrated in mortality rates: insights for genetic studies of human health and longevity. 
  • Human longevity and variation in GH/IGF-1/insulin signaling, DNA damage signaling and repair and pro/antioxidant pathway genes: cross sectional and longitudinal studies. 
  • Hunter-gatherers as models in public health. 
  • Imaging genetics of brain longevity and mental wellness: the next frontier? 
  • Immune-endocrine biomarkers as predictors of frailty and mortality: a 10-year longitudinal study in community-dwelling older people. 
  • Implementation Research to Address the United States Health Disadvantage: Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop. 
  • Improving activities of daily living in danish centenarians--but only in women: a comparative study of two birth cohorts born in 1895 and 1905. 
  • Improving survival of octogenarian patients selected for haemodialysis. 
  • Increased effect of the ApoE gene on survival at advanced age in healthy and long-lived Danes: two nationwide cohort studies. 
  • Individual fecundity and senescence in Drosophila and medfly. 
  • Inherited frailty and longevity. 
  • Insulin and longevity: antidiabetic biguanides as geroprotectors. 
  • Inter-chromosomal level of genome organization and longevity-related phenotypes in humans. 
  • Is breast-feeding in infancy associated with adult longevity? 
  • Is early life body weight a predictor of longevity and tumor risk in rats? 
  • Joint influence of small-effect genetic variants on human longevity. 
  • Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis. 
  • Letter to the editor: Standardization of genetic association studies, pros and cons, reaffirmed. 
  • Lifespan-extending caloric restriction or mTOR inhibition impair adaptive immunity of old mice by distinct mechanisms. 
  • Long-term relations of personality and health: dynamisms, mechanisms, tropisms. 
  • Longevity in military pilots: 37-year followup of the Navy's "1000 aviators". 
  • Longevity in the united states: age and sex-specific evidence on life span limits from mortality patterns 1960-1990. 
  • Longevity is moderately heritable in a sample of Danish twins born 1870-1880. 
  • Longevity studies in GenomEUtwin. 
  • Longitudinal changes in serum immunoglobulin levels in older humans. 
  • Low tobacco-related cancer incidence in offspring of long-lived siblings: a comparison with Danish national cancer registry data. 
  • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely associated with 3-year all-cause mortality among Chinese oldest old: data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. 
  • Male/female ratio in centenarians: a possible role played by population genetic structure. 
  • Marital history at midlife as a predictor of longevity: alternative explanations to the protective effect of marriage. 
  • Maternal Diet and Insulin-Like Signaling Control Intergenerational Plasticity of Progeny Size and Starvation Resistance. 
  • Measuring the genetic influence in modulating the human life span: gene-environment interaction and the sex-specific genetic effect. 
  • Melatonin increases both life span and tumor incidence in female CBA mice. 
  • Metabolic acceleration and the evolution of human brain size and life history. 
  • MicroRNA, the putative molecular control for mid-life decline. 
  • Microbiology. Mosquitoes cut short. 
  • More evidence for the benefits of cognitive activity over the lifespan. 
  • Mortality model based on delays in progression of chronic diseases: alternative to cause elimination model. 
  • Mortality oscillations induced by periodic starvation alter sex-mortality differentials in Mediterranean fruit flies. 
  • Mortality patterns in developed countries. 
  • Mortality shifts in Caenorhabditis elegans: remembrance of conditions past. 
  • Mortality versus survival graphs: improving temporal consistency in perceptions of treatment effectiveness. 
  • Multiple mild heat-shocks decrease the Gompertz component of mortality in Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Neuronal CRTC-1 governs systemic mitochondrial metabolism and lifespan via a catecholamine signal. 
  • Novel loci and pathways significantly associated with longevity. 
  • Nucleolar proteins suppress Caenorhabditis elegans innate immunity by inhibiting p53/CEP-1. 
  • On sexual dimorphism in immune function. 
  • Overexpression of a Drosophila homolog of apolipoprotein D leads to increased stress resistance and extended lifespan. 
  • Parental divorce: effects on individual behavior and longevity. 
  • Perceived social support as a predictor of mortality in coronary patients: effects of smoking, sedentary behavior, and depressive symptoms. 
  • Physical and cognitive functioning of people older than 90 years: a comparison of two Danish cohorts born 10 years apart. 
  • Plasticity of death rates in stationary phase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Playing with pets and longevity among older people. 
  • Plenary session on aging and biology: effects on growth and plasticity through the lifespan. Physical Disabilities through the Lifespan Conference. 
  • Polygenic effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms on life span: when association meets causality. 
  • Power of non-parametric linkage analysis in mapping genes contributing to human longevity in long-lived sib-pairs. 
  • Predicting longevity in C. elegans: fertility, mobility and gene expression. 
  • Prediction of all-cause mortality by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Optimism-Pessimism Scale scores: study of a college sample during a 40-year follow-up period. 
  • Predictors of Longevity: Evidence from the Oldest Old in China 
  • Predictors of the longevity difference: a 25-year follow-up. 
  • Preferences, beliefs, and self-management of diabetes. 
  • Preterm birth, long-term survival, and fertility. 
  • Primatology: "a faithful friend is the medicine of life". 
  • Protective role of the apolipoprotein E2 allele in age-related disease traits and survival: evidence from the Long Life Family Study. 
  • Psychosocial and behavioral predictors of longevity. The aging and death of the "termites". 
  • Puzzling role of genetic risk factors in human longevity: "risk alleles" as pro-longevity variants. 
  • Rates of mortality in populations of Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Recent advances in human gene-longevity association studies. 
  • Redistributing work in aging Europe. 
  • Reduced life span with heart and muscle dysfunction in Drosophila sarcoglycan mutants. 
  • Relationships of cardiac, pulmonary, and muscle reserves and frailty to exercise capacity in older women. 
  • Replication studies in longevity: puzzling findings in Danish centenarians at the 3'APOB-VNTR locus. 
  • Reproductive aging patterns in primates reveal that humans are distinct. 
  • Reproductive potential predicts longevity of female Mediterranean fruitflies. 
  • Research versus Rhetoric. 
  • Rise, stagnation, and rise of Danish women's life expectancy. 
  • Risk factors for postoperative spinal wound infections after spinal decompression and fusion surgeries. 
  • Role of protein molecular and metabolic aberrations in aging, in the physiologic decline of the aged, and in age-associated diseases. 
  • SIRT3 regulates progression and development of diseases of aging. 
  • Science fact and the SENS agenda. What can we reasonably expect from ageing research? 
  • Senescence is not inevitable. 
  • Serum Cholesterol Levels within the High Normal Range Are Associated with Better Cognitive Performance among Chinese Elderly. 
  • Skewed X inactivation and survival: a 13-year follow-up study of elderly twins and singletons. 
  • Social affiliation matters: both same-sex and opposite-sex relationships predict survival in wild female baboons. 
  • Sociodemographic and health correlates of sleep quality and duration among very old Chinese. 
  • Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in childhood as predictors of adult mortality. 
  • Stress resistance declines with age: analysis of data from a survival experiment with Drosophila melanogaster. 
  • Stressors and antistressors: how do they influence life span in HER-2/neu transgenic mice? 
  • Survival after the age of 80 in the United States, Sweden, France, England, and Japan. 
  • Survival of related individuals: an extension of some fundamental results of heterogeneity analysis. 
  • Survival, disabilities in activities of daily living, and physical and cognitive functioning among the oldest-old in China: a cohort study. 
  • Targeting lifesaving: demographic linkages between population structure and life expectancy. 
  • Telomeres and the natural lifespan limit in humans. 
  • Ten dimensions of health and their relationships with overall self-reported health and survival in a predominately religiously active elderly population: the cache county memory study. 
  • The Development of Intermediate Clinical Endpoints in Cancer of the Prostate (ICECaP). 
  • The Georgia Centenarian Study. 
  • The Georgia Centenarian Study: comments from friends. 
  • The Survival of Spouses Marrying Into Longevity-Enriched Families. 
  • The U-shaped response of initial mortality in Caenorhabditis elegans to mild heat shock: does it explain recent trends in human mortality? 
  • The co-occurrence of mtDNA mutations on different oxidative phosphorylation subunits, not detected by haplogroup analysis, affects human longevity and is population specific. 
  • The control of growth. 
  • The emergence of longevous populations. 
  • The future of human longevity--how important are markets and innovation? 
  • The heritability of human longevity: a population-based study of 2872 Danish twin pairs born 1870-1900. 
  • The impact of diet switching on resource allocation to reproduction and longevity in Mediterranean fruitflies. 
  • The influence of dominance rank on the reproductive success of female chimpanzees. 
  • The influences on human longevity by HUMTHO1.STR polymorphism (Tyrosine Hydroxylase gene). A relative risk approach. 
  • The longevity gap between Black and White men in the United States at the beginning and end of the 20th century. 
  • The quadratic hazard model for analyzing longitudinal data on aging, health, and the life span. 
  • The quest for genetic determinants of human longevity: challenges and insights. 
  • The remarkable improvements in survival at older ages. 
  • The role of lipid-related genes, aging-related processes, and environment in healthspan. 
  • The second international conference "genetics of aging and longevity". 
  • The sirtuins, oxidative stress and aging: an emerging link. 
  • The western painted turtle genome, a model for the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations in a slowly evolving lineage. 
  • To grow or not to grow: nutritional control of development during Caenorhabditis elegans L1 arrest. 
  • Trade-off in the effects of the apolipoprotein E polymorphism on the ages at onset of CVD and cancer influences human lifespan. 
  • Trade-offs between cancer and other diseases: do they exist and influence longevity? 
  • Transgenerational Effects of Early Life Starvation on Growth, Reproduction, and Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Transgenerational Effects of Extended Dauer Diapause on Starvation Survival and Gene Expression Plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Trust, health, and longevity. 
  • Untangling genetic influences on smoking, body mass index and longevity: a multivariate study of 2464 Danish twins followed for 28 years. 
  • Using hierarchical bayes to understand movement, health, and survival in the endangered north atlantic right whale. 
  • Variability of the SIRT3 gene, human silent information regulator Sir2 homologue, and survivorship in the elderly. 
  • Variations of cardiovascular disease associated genes exhibit sex-dependent influence on human longevity. 
  • Visualizing hidden heterogeneity in isogenic populations of C. elegans. 
  • Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Chinese Elderly People: the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. 
  • Vitamin D levels and cognition in elderly adults in China. 
  • What evidence is there for the existence of individual genes with antagonistic pleiotropic effects? 
  • What fecundity patterns indicate about aging and longevity: insights from Drosophila studies. 
  • Where biodemographic theory and demographic data meet: a review of the Quest for Immortality (by Olshansky and Carnes). Essay review. 
  • Why the bigger live longer and travel farther: animals, vehicles, rivers and the winds. 
  • Women live longer than men even during severe famines and epidemics. 
  • [A model of resource reallocation during physiological adaptation in Mediterranean fruit fly females]. 
  • [Do children of long-lived parents age more successfully?]. 
  • [Investigation of disability prevalence in men and women of advanced age]. 
  • [The remarkable rise in life expectancy and how it will affect medicine]. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Aballay, Alejandro, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
  • Alberts, Susan C., Robert F. Durden Professor of Biology, Duke Science & Society
  • Baugh, L. Ryan, Associate Professor of Biology, Biology
  • Doraiswamy, P. Murali, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Science & Society
  • Hirschey, Matthew, Associate Professor, Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
  • Thielman, Samuel B., Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Social and Community Psychiatry