Melanins

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A chitin synthase and its regulator protein are critical for chitosan production and growth of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • A unique fungal two-component system regulates stress responses, drug sensitivity, sexual development, and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) as the mediator of the actions of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and norepinephrine on the frog skin. 
  • Adenylyl cyclase-associated protein Aca1 regulates virulence and differentiation of Cryptococcus neoformans via the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A cascade. 
  • Autophagy protects against aminochrome-induced cell death in substantia nigra-derived cell line. 
  • Black Molds and Melanized Yeasts Pathogenic to Humans. 
  • Cell wall integrity is dependent on the PKC1 signal transduction pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, is necessary for cell wall integrity in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Comparing in vivo pump-probe and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy of melanoma and pigmented lesions. 
  • Contrast mechanisms in pump-probe microscopy of melanin. 
  • Cryptococcus neoformans mating and virulence are regulated by the G-protein alpha subunit GPA1 and cAMP. 
  • Cryptococcus neoformans methionine synthase: expression analysis and requirement for virulence. 
  • Cryptococcus neoformans: virulence and host defences. 
  • Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunits have divergent roles in virulence factor production in two varieties of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase controls virulence of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Distinct stress responses of two functional laccases in Cryptococcus neoformans are revealed in the absence of the thiol-specific antioxidant Tsa1. 
  • Divergence of protein kinase A catalytic subunits in Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii illustrates evolutionary reconfiguration of a signaling cascade. 
  • Dual-wavelength pump-probe microscopy analysis of melanin composition. 
  • Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Estimation of molar absorptivities and pigment sizes for eumelanin and pheomelanin using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. 
  • Evolution of a polyphenism by genetic accommodation. 
  • Evolutionarily Conserved and Divergent Roles of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) in the Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species Complex. 
  • External ocular pigmentation. 
  • Fe(III)-coordination properties of neuromelanin components: 5,6-dihydroxyindole and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid. 
  • Fine needle aspiration biopsy of metastatic melanoma. A morphologic analysis of 174 cases. 
  • Flexible digital signal processing architecture for narrowband and spread-spectrum lock-in detection in multiphoton microscopy and time-resolved spectroscopy 
  • G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Gene loss, adaptive evolution and the co-evolution of plumage coloration genes with opsins in birds. 
  • Genetic ancestry, skin color and social attainment: The four cities study. 
  • Histochemical observations on melanin in the intestinal ceca of Amblosoma suwaense (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae) metacercariae. 
  • Human recombinant stem-cell factor induces melanocytic hyperplasia in susceptible patients. 
  • Identification and quantification of dolichol and dolichoic acid in neuromelanin from substantia nigra of the human brain. 
  • Imaging microscopic pigment chemistry in conjunctival melanocytic lesions using pump-probe laser microscopy. 
  • Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and cytopathicity by synthetic soluble catecholamine melanins in vitro. 
  • Intracellular Action of a Secreted Peptide Required for Fungal Virulence. 
  • Iris melanin pigment as a masquerade of Gram-positive cocci after penetrating ocular trauma. 
  • Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis. 
  • Label-Free Imaging of Female Genital Tract Melanocytic Lesions With Pump-Probe Microscopy: A Promising Diagnostic Tool. 
  • Melanin and erythema values before and after bilateral transconjunctival lower lid blepharoplasty with ablative lower lid carbon dioxide laser (CO2) skin resurfacing. 
  • Melanin deposition in two Cryptococcus species depends on cell-wall composition and flexibility. 
  • Melanocytic tumors with intraepidermal melanophages: a report of five cases with review of 231 archived cutaneous melanocytic tumors. 
  • Melanoma. 
  • Molecular approaches to identify novel targets for future development of antifungal agents. 
  • Mouse keratin 4 is necessary for internal epithelial integrity. 
  • Near-infrared excited state dynamics of melanins: the effects of iron content, photo-damage, chemical oxidation, and aggregate size. 
  • Neuromelanins isolated from different regions of the human brain exhibit a common surface photoionization threshold. 
  • Nonlinear microscopy of eumelanin and pheomelanin with subcellular resolution. 
  • Novel chimeric spermidine synthase-saccharopine dehydrogenase gene (SPE3-LYS9) in the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Novel gene functions required for melanization of the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Ontogeny of the color pattern on the wings of Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). 
  • PGC-1 coactivators regulate MITF and the tanning response. 
  • PKC1 is essential for protection against both oxidative and nitrosative stresses, cell integrity, and normal manifestation of virulence factors in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with quantitative differences in multiple virulence factors. 
  • Pde1 phosphodiesterase modulates cyclic AMP levels through a protein kinase A-mediated negative feedback loop in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Photoacoustic microscopy of tyrosinase reporter gene in vivo. 
  • Photoionization thresholds of melanins obtained from free electron laser-photoelectron emission microscopy, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of oxygen photoconsumption. 
  • Pleiotropic roles of the Msi1-like protein Msl1 in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Probing near-infrared photorelaxation pathways in eumelanins and pheomelanins. 
  • Probing skin pigmentation changes with transient absorption imaging of eumelanin and pheomelanin. 
  • Pseudomelanomas after conservative management of uveal melanoma. 
  • Pump-probe imaging differentiates melanoma from melanocytic nevi. 
  • Quantifying lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium in vivo by visible-light optical coherence tomography-based multimodal imaging. 
  • Quantifying melanin spatial distribution using pump-probe microscopy and a 2-D morphological autocorrelation transformation for melanoma diagnosis. 
  • Racial Differences of Pigmentation in the Human Vestibular Organs. 
  • Racial difference in cochlear pigmentation is associated with hearing loss risk. 
  • Role of Cryptococcus neoformans Rho1 GTPases in the PKC1 signaling pathway in response to thermal stress. 
  • Roles for inositol-phosphoryl ceramide synthase 1 (IPC1) in pathogenesis of C. neoformans. 
  • Sex steroid receptor analysis in human melanoma. 
  • Synthesis and characterization of copper(II) complexes of cysteinyldopa and benzothiazine model ligands related to pheomelanin. 
  • Synthesis of polymerized melanin by Cryptococcus neoformans in infected rodents. 
  • The association of serum vitamin D with incident diabetes in an African American population. 
  • The surface oxidation potential of human neuromelanin reveals a spherical architecture with a pheomelanin core and a eumelanin surface. 
  • Transcriptional network of multiple capsule and melanin genes governed by the Cryptococcus neoformans cyclic AMP cascade. 
  • Transcriptome analysis reveals novel patterning and pigmentation genes underlying Heliconius butterfly wing pattern variation. 
  • Two-color, two-photon, and excited-state absorption microscopy. 
  • Ultra-black Camouflage in Deep-Sea Fishes. 
  • Ultrashort laser pulse bioeffects and safety. 
  • Ultrastructural pathology of melanomalytic glaucoma. 
  • Understanding the Role of Aggregation in the Broad Absorption Bands of Eumelanin 
  • Unraveling the molecular nature of melanin changes in metastatic cancer 
  • Variation in chromosome copy number influences the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans and occurs in isolates from AIDS patients. 
  • Virulence attributes and hyphal growth of C. neoformans are quantitative traits and the MATalpha allele enhances filamentation. 
  • Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein regulates melanin production by normal and malignant melanocytes. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery
  • Toth, Cynthia Ann, Joseph A.C. Wadsworth Distinguished Professor of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering