Motor Cortex

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Brain to Spine Interface for Transferring Artificial Sensory Information. 
  • A brain-to-brain interface for real-time sharing of sensorimotor information. 
  • A circuit for motor cortical modulation of auditory cortical activity. 
  • A cortical filter that learns to suppress the acoustic consequences of movement. 
  • A formalism for sequential estimation of neural membrane time constant and input-output curve towards selective and closed-loop transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • A multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex. 
  • A novel Bayesian framework for discriminative feature extraction in Brain-Computer Interfaces. 
  • A novel model incorporating two variability sources for describing motor evoked potentials. 
  • A revised calcium-dependent model of transcranial magnetic theta-burst stimulation. 
  • A transcriptomic and epigenomic cell atlas of the mouse primary motor cortex. 
  • ALS-associated mutation FUS-R521C causes DNA damage and RNA splicing defects. 
  • Activation of human respiratory muscles during different voluntary manoeuvres. 
  • Adaptive decoding for brain-machine interfaces through Bayesian parameter updates. 
  • Ageing increases reliance on sensorimotor prediction through structural and functional differences in frontostriatal circuits. 
  • Amphetamines and related drugs in motor recovery after stroke. 
  • An automatic experimental apparatus to study arm reaching in New World monkeys. 
  • Analysis of neuronal ensemble activity reveals the pitfalls and shortcomings of rotation dynamics. 
  • Anatomical variability predicts individual differences in transcranial electric stimulation motor threshold. 
  • Application of long-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to motion-sensitive visual cortex does not lead to changes in motion discrimination. 
  • Auditory synapses to song premotor neurons are gated off during vocalization in zebra finches. 
  • B factor dependence of the temporal characteristics of brain activation using dynamic apparent diffusion coefficient contrast. 
  • BOLD signal compartmentalization based on the apparent diffusion coefficient. 
  • Barriers and opportunities of cortical stimulation via cerebral venous approach. 
  • Brain-machine interfaces to restore motor function and probe neural circuits. 
  • Capturing spike train temporal pattern with wavelet average coefficient for brain machine interface. 
  • Changes in Brain Resting-state Functional Connectivity Associated with Peripheral Nerve Block: A Pilot Study. 
  • Characterization of infant mu rhythm immediately before crawling: A high-resolution EEG study. 
  • Characterization of pallidocortical motor network in Parkinson's disease through complex network analysis. 
  • Charge density, not current density, is a more comprehensive safety measure of transcranial direct current stimulation. 
  • Chemogenetics-mediated acute inhibition of excitatory neuronal activity improves stroke outcome. 
  • Classical conditioned learning using transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Comparative cellular analysis of motor cortex in human, marmoset and mouse. 
  • Comparison of human motor cortical projections to abdominal muscles and intrinsic muscles of the hand. 
  • Comprehensive analysis of tissue preservation and recording quality from chronic multielectrode implants. 
  • Computational modeling of epidural cortical stimulation. 
  • Computer-based model of epidural motor cortex stimulation: effects of electrode position and geometry on activation of cortical neurons. 
  • Conditions for enhancing the encoding of an elementary motor memory by rTMS. 
  • Conical electron tomography of a chemical synapse: vesicles docked to the active zone are hemi-fused. 
  • Constructing an adult orofacial premotor atlas in Allen mouse CCF. 
  • Contribution of superficial layer neurons to premotor bursts in the superior colliculus. 
  • Controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulator with enhanced circuit topology and pulse shaping. 
  • Controlling robots with the mind. 
  • Convergent transcriptional specializations in the brains of humans and song-learning birds. 
  • Cortical ensemble activity increasingly predicts behaviour outcomes during learning of a motor task. 
  • Cortical ensemble adaptation to represent velocity of an artificial actuator controlled by a brain-machine interface. 
  • Cortical excitability in cocaine-dependent patients: a replication and extension of TMS findings. 
  • Cortical modulations increase in early sessions with brain-machine interface. 
  • Cortical neurons multiplex reward-related signals along with sensory and motor information. 
  • Decoding Movements from Cortical Ensemble Activity Using a Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Network. 
  • Decoding individual finger movements from one hand using human EEG signals. 
  • Decoding of temporal intervals from cortical ensemble activity. 
  • Determination of motor threshold using visual observation overestimates transcranial magnetic stimulation dosage: safety implications. 
  • Differential corticostriatal plasticity during fast and slow motor skill learning in mice. 
  • Diffusion weighted fMRI at 1.5 T. 
  • Effect of coil orientation on strength-duration time constant and I-wave activation with controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Effects of dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesions on recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury. 
  • Effects of stimulation parameters and electrode location on thresholds for epidural stimulation of cat motor cortex. 
  • Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation with virtual reality on upper limb function in patients with ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Elevated motor threshold in drug-free, cocaine-dependent patients assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Enhancement of Neuromodulation with Novel Pulse Shapes Generated by Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. 
  • Enhancement of multiple components of pursuit eye movement by microstimulation in the arcuate frontal pursuit area in monkeys. 
  • Estimating network parameters from combined dynamics of firing rate and irregularity of single neurons. 
  • Evidence for impaired cortical inhibition in patients with unipolar major depression. 
  • Evidence for increased glutamatergic cortical facilitation in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. 
  • Evolution of vocal learning and spoken language. 
  • Expanding the primate body schema in sensorimotor cortex by virtual touches of an avatar. 
  • Expression of the apolipoprotein E gene does not affect motor recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury in the mouse. 
  • Fast functional brain signal changes detected by diffusion weighted fMRI. 
  • Fluoxetine Maintains a State of Heightened Responsiveness to Motor Training Early After Stroke in a Mouse Model. 
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation: effects of motor imagery, movement and coil orientation. 
  • Functional recovery following resection of an epileptogenic focus in the motor hand area. 
  • High-voltage stimulation over the human spinal cord: sources of latency variation. 
  • Hybrid Fluoroscopic and Neurophysiological Targeting of Responsive Neurostimulation of the Rolandic Cortex. 
  • Hyperactivity and cortical disinhibition in mice with restricted expression of mutant huntingtin to parvalbumin-positive cells. 
  • Improving the temporal resolution of functional MR imaging using keyhole techniques. 
  • Increased cortical excitability with prefrontal high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in adolescents with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. 
  • Independent component analyses for quantifying neuronal ensemble interactions. 
  • Influence of lesion size and location on amphetamine-facilitated recovery of beam-walking in rats. 
  • Inhibition of Manual Movements at Speech Arrest Sites in the Posterior Inferior Frontal Lobe. 
  • Inhibition stabilization is a widespread property of cortical networks. 
  • Intensity- and timing-dependent modulation of motion perception with transcranial magnetic stimulation of visual cortex. 
  • Interbrain cortical synchronization encodes multiple aspects of social interactions in monkey pairs. 
  • Interplay between external inputs and recurrent dynamics during movement preparation and execution in a network model of motor cortex. 
  • Intracortical recording interfaces: current challenges to chronic recording function. 
  • Isolating two sources of variability of subcortical stimulation to quantify fluctuations of corticospinal tract excitability. 
  • Joint cross-correlation analysis reveals complex, time-dependent functional relationship between cortical neurons and arm electromyograms. 
  • Latex nanosphere delivery system (LNDS): novel nanometer-sized carriers of fluorescent dyes and active agents selectively target neuronal subpopulations via uptake and retrograde transport. 
  • Learned self-regulation of EEG frequency components affects attention and event-related brain potentials in humans. 
  • Learning to control a brain-machine interface for reaching and grasping by primates. 
  • Medial premotor cortex shows a reduction in inhibitory markers and mediates recovery in a mouse model of focal stroke. 
  • Mirror movements complicate interpretation of cerebral activation changes during recovery from subcortical infarction. 
  • Model-based deconstruction of cortical evoked potentials generated by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. 
  • Modulation of motor cortex excitability in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study on the relations of neurophysiology measures with clinical outcome. 
  • Motor control: exploring the neurochemistry of subliminal inhibition. 
  • Motor cortex excitability after vagus nerve stimulation in major depression. 
  • Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic facial pain. 
  • Motor experience with graspable objects reduces their implicit analysis in visual- and motor-related cortex. 
  • Neural activation for actual and imagined movement following unilateral hand transplantation: a case study. 
  • New modules are added to vibrissal premotor circuitry with the emergence of exploratory whisking. 
  • Of mice, birds, and men: the mouse ultrasonic song system has some features similar to humans and song-learning birds. 
  • On the stimulation depth of transcranial magnetic stimulation coils. 
  • On the timing characteristics of the apparent diffusion coefficient contrast in fMRI. 
  • Optical imaging of epileptiform and functional activity in human cerebral cortex. 
  • Optimizing a linear algorithm for real-time robotic control using chronic cortical ensemble recordings in monkeys. 
  • Paradoxical Motor Recovery From a First Stroke After Induction of a Second Stroke: Reopening a Postischemic Sensitive Period. 
  • Physical exercise increases involvement of motor networks as a compensatory mechanism during a cognitively challenging task. 
  • Place Cell-Like Activity in the Primary Sensorimotor and Premotor Cortex During Monkey Whole-Body Navigation. 
  • Prefrontal rTMS for treating depression: location and intensity results from the OPT-TMS multi-site clinical trial. 
  • Preventing misestimation of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor threshold with MTAT 2.0. 
  • Pulse Width Affects Scalp Sensation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. 
  • Pulse width dependence of motor threshold and input-output curve characterized with controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Randomized Sham Controlled Double-blind Trial of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adults With Severe Tourette Syndrome. 
  • Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial of Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Motor Recovery in Stroke. 
  • Randomized sham-controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
  • Rapid alterations in corticostriatal ensemble coordination during acute dopamine-dependent motor dysfunction. 
  • Rapid reliable measurement of lesion parameters for studies of motor recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury in the rat. 
  • Real-time control of a robot arm using simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex. 
  • Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates. 
  • Reduction of single-neuron firing uncertainty by cortical ensembles during motor skill learning. 
  • Reductions in interhemispheric motor cortex functional connectivity after muscle fatigue. 
  • Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Supplementary Motor Area in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome: report of two cases. 
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS). 
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to SMA worsens complex movements in Parkinson's disease. 
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulator with controllable pulse parameters (cTMS). 
  • Reply to "Using relative frequency estimation of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor threshold does not allow to draw any conclusions about true threshold". 
  • Resection of intrinsic tumors from nondominant face motor cortex using stimulation mapping: report of two cases. 
  • Responses in human intercostal and truncal muscles to motor cortical and spinal stimulation. 
  • Responsive stimulation of motor cortex for medically and surgically refractive epilepsy. 
  • Reward action in the initiation of smooth pursuit eye movements. 
  • Right vs. left sensorimotor cortex suction-ablation in the rat: no difference in beam-walking recovery. 
  • Role of arcuate frontal cortex of monkeys in smooth pursuit eye movements. I. Basic response properties to retinal image motion and position. 
  • Role of arcuate frontal cortex of monkeys in smooth pursuit eye movements. II. Relation to vector averaging pursuit. 
  • Ryk controls remapping of motor cortex during functional recovery after spinal cord injury. 
  • Safety and feasibility of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) in major depression: randomized within-subject comparison with electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Sensorimotor encoding by synchronous neural ensemble activity at multiple levels of the somatosensory system. 
  • Sham TMS: intracerebral measurement of the induced electrical field and the induction of motor-evoked potentials. 
  • Simulation of transcranial magnetic stimulation in head model with morphologically-realistic cortical neurons. 
  • Single pulse TMS differentially modulates reward behavior. 
  • Skilled Bimanual Training Drives Motor Cortex Plasticity in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. 
  • Smoking withdrawal modulates right inferior frontal cortex but not presupplementary motor area activation during inhibitory control. 
  • Spinal cord stimulation restores locomotion in animal models of Parkinson's disease. 
  • Spontaneous cortical activity in awake monkeys composed of neuronal avalanches. 
  • Stable ensemble performance with single-neuron variability during reaching movements in primates. 
  • Statistical Model of Motor-Evoked Potentials. 
  • Stimulus features underlying reduced tremor suppression with temporally patterned deep brain stimulation. 
  • Subject-Specific Multiscale Modeling to Investigate Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. 
  • The Basal Forebrain and Motor Cortex Provide Convergent yet Distinct Movement-Related Inputs to the Auditory Cortex. 
  • The Brainstem Oscillator for Whisking and the Case for Breathing as the Master Clock for Orofacial Motor Actions. 
  • The Neural Basis for Response Latency in a Sensory-Motor Behavior. 
  • The brain decade in debate: VI. Sensory and motor maps: dynamics and plasticity. 
  • The cortical evoked potential corresponds with deep brain stimulation efficacy in rats. 
  • The effects of selective response preparation on corticospinal excitability. 
  • The first successful lower extremity transplantation: 6-year follow-up and implications for cortical plasticity. 
  • The neurobiology of innate, volitional and learned vocalizations in mammals and birds. 
  • The use of motor mapping to aid resection of eloquent gliomas. 
  • Therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a review. 
  • Three-dimensional, automated, real-time video system for tracking limb motion in brain-machine interface studies. 
  • Timing is everything in corticospinal tract recovery after stroke. 
  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Poststroke Motor Recovery: Challenges and Opportunities. 
  • Utilizing transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance laparoscopic technical skills training: A randomized controlled trial. 
  • Validating the efficacy of neurofeedback for optimising performance. 
  • Vector averaging occurs downstream from learning in smooth pursuit eye movements of monkeys. 
  • Virtual active touch using randomly patterned intracortical microstimulation. 
  • Wireless Cortical Brain-Machine Interface for Whole-Body Navigation in Primates. 
  • fMRI activation mapping as a percentage of local excitation: consistent presurgical motor maps without threshold adjustment. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Henriquez, Craig S., Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering
  • Nicolelis, Miguel Angelo L., Duke School of Medicine Distinguished Professor in Neuroscience, Neurobiology
  • Turner, Dennis Alan, Professor of Neurosurgery, Biomedical Engineering