Motor Cortex

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A brain-to-brain interface for real-time sharing of sensorimotor information. 
  • A circuit for motor cortical modulation of auditory cortical activity. 
  • A cortical filter that learns to suppress the acoustic consequences of movement. 
  • A novel model incorporating two variability sources for describing motor evoked potentials. 
  • ALS-associated mutation FUS-R521C causes DNA damage and RNA splicing defects. 
  • Activation of human respiratory muscles during different voluntary manoeuvres. 
  • Adaptive decoding for brain-machine interfaces through Bayesian parameter updates. 
  • Ageing increases reliance on sensorimotor prediction through structural and functional differences in frontostriatal circuits. 
  • Amphetamines and related drugs in motor recovery after stroke. 
  • An automatic experimental apparatus to study arm reaching in New World monkeys. 
  • Anatomical and physiological definition of the motor cortex of the marmoset monkey. 
  • Anatomical variability predicts individual differences in transcranial electric stimulation motor threshold. 
  • Auditory synapses to song premotor neurons are gated off during vocalization in zebra finches. 
  • B factor dependence of the temporal characteristics of brain activation using dynamic apparent diffusion coefficient contrast. 
  • BOLD signal compartmentalization based on the apparent diffusion coefficient. 
  • Brain-machine interfaces to restore motor function and probe neural circuits. 
  • Changes in Brain Resting-state Functional Connectivity Associated with Peripheral Nerve Block: A Pilot Study. 
  • Charge density, not current density, is a more comprehensive safety measure of transcranial direct current stimulation. 
  • Classical conditioned learning using transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Comparison of human motor cortical projections to abdominal muscles and intrinsic muscles of the hand. 
  • Comprehensive analysis of tissue preservation and recording quality from chronic multielectrode implants. 
  • Computational modeling of epidural cortical stimulation. 
  • Computer-based model of epidural motor cortex stimulation: effects of electrode position and geometry on activation of cortical neurons. 
  • Conical electron tomography of a chemical synapse: vesicles docked to the active zone are hemi-fused. 
  • Contribution of superficial layer neurons to premotor bursts in the superior colliculus. 
  • Controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulator with enhanced circuit topology and pulse shaping. 
  • Controlling robots with the mind. 
  • Convergent transcriptional specializations in the brains of humans and song-learning birds. 
  • Cortical ensemble activity increasingly predicts behaviour outcomes during learning of a motor task. 
  • Cortical ensemble adaptation to represent velocity of an artificial actuator controlled by a brain-machine interface. 
  • Cortical excitability in cocaine-dependent patients: a replication and extension of TMS findings. 
  • Cortical modulations increase in early sessions with brain-machine interface. 
  • Cortical neurons multiplex reward-related signals along with sensory and motor information. 
  • Creutzfeldt-jakob disease involvement of rolandic cortex: a quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient evaluation. 
  • Decoding of temporal intervals from cortical ensemble activity. 
  • Determination of motor threshold using visual observation overestimates transcranial magnetic stimulation dosage: safety implications. 
  • Differential corticostriatal plasticity during fast and slow motor skill learning in mice. 
  • Diffusion weighted fMRI at 1.5 T. 
  • Effect of coil orientation on strength-duration time constant and I-wave activation with controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Effects of cognitive demands on postmovement motor cortical deactivation. 
  • Effects of dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesions on recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury. 
  • Effects of stimulation parameters and electrode location on thresholds for epidural stimulation of cat motor cortex. 
  • Electrophysiological study of corticocaudate projections in cats. 
  • Elevated motor threshold in drug-free, cocaine-dependent patients assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Emergent coordination underlying learning to reach to grasp with a brain-machine interface. 
  • Enhancement of Neuromodulation with Novel Pulse Shapes Generated by Controllable Pulse Parameter Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. 
  • Enhancement of multiple components of pursuit eye movement by microstimulation in the arcuate frontal pursuit area in monkeys. 
  • Estimating network parameters from combined dynamics of firing rate and irregularity of single neurons. 
  • Evidence for impaired cortical inhibition in patients with unipolar major depression. 
  • Expanding the primate body schema in sensorimotor cortex by virtual touches of an avatar. 
  • Expression of the apolipoprotein E gene does not affect motor recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury in the mouse. 
  • Fast functional brain signal changes detected by diffusion weighted fMRI. 
  • Fluoxetine Maintains a State of Heightened Responsiveness to Motor Training Early After Stroke in a Mouse Model. 
  • Functional MRI using regularized parallel imaging acquisition. 
  • Functional MRI with variable echo time acquisition. 
  • Functional recovery following resection of an epileptogenic focus in the motor hand area. 
  • High-voltage stimulation over the human spinal cord: sources of latency variation. 
  • Hyperactivity and cortical disinhibition in mice with restricted expression of mutant huntingtin to parvalbumin-positive cells. 
  • Improving the temporal resolution of functional MR imaging using keyhole techniques. 
  • Independent component analyses for quantifying neuronal ensemble interactions. 
  • Influence of lesion size and location on amphetamine-facilitated recovery of beam-walking in rats. 
  • Intracortical recording interfaces: current challenges to chronic recording function. 
  • Joint cross-correlation analysis reveals complex, time-dependent functional relationship between cortical neurons and arm electromyograms. 
  • Latex nanosphere delivery system (LNDS): novel nanometer-sized carriers of fluorescent dyes and active agents selectively target neuronal subpopulations via uptake and retrograde transport. 
  • Learned self-regulation of EEG frequency components affects attention and event-related brain potentials in humans. 
  • Learning to control a brain-machine interface for reaching and grasping by primates. 
  • Localized high gamma motor oscillations respond to perceived biologic motion. 
  • Medial premotor cortex shows a reduction in inhibitory markers and mediates recovery in a mouse model of focal stroke. 
  • Model-based deconstruction of cortical evoked potentials generated by subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. 
  • Modulation of motor cortex excitability in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an exploratory study on the relations of neurophysiology measures with clinical outcome. 
  • Motor control: exploring the neurochemistry of subliminal inhibition. 
  • Motor cortex excitability after vagus nerve stimulation in major depression. 
  • Motor cortex stimulation and neuropathic facial pain. 
  • Neurophysiology of sensorimotor integration in Parkinson's disease. 
  • New modules are added to vibrissal premotor circuitry with the emergence of exploratory whisking. 
  • Of mice, birds, and men: the mouse ultrasonic song system has some features similar to humans and song-learning birds. 
  • On the stimulation depth of transcranial magnetic stimulation coils. 
  • On the timing characteristics of the apparent diffusion coefficient contrast in fMRI. 
  • Optical imaging of epileptiform and functional activity in human cerebral cortex. 
  • Optimizing a linear algorithm for real-time robotic control using chronic cortical ensemble recordings in monkeys. 
  • Oscillations in the premotor cortex: single-unit activity from awake, behaving monkeys. 
  • Paradoxical Motor Recovery From a First Stroke After Induction of a Second Stroke: Reopening a Postischemic Sensitive Period. 
  • Physical exercise increases involvement of motor networks as a compensatory mechanism during a cognitively challenging task. 
  • Place Cell-Like Activity in the Primary Sensorimotor and Premotor Cortex During Monkey Whole-Body Navigation. 
  • Prefrontal rTMS for treating depression: location and intensity results from the OPT-TMS multi-site clinical trial. 
  • Pulse Width Affects Scalp Sensation of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. 
  • Pulse width dependence of motor threshold and input-output curve characterized with controllable pulse parameter transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Randomized Sham Controlled Double-blind Trial of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adults With Severe Tourette Syndrome. 
  • Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial of Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Motor Recovery in Stroke. 
  • Randomized sham-controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
  • Rapid alterations in corticostriatal ensemble coordination during acute dopamine-dependent motor dysfunction. 
  • Rapid reliable measurement of lesion parameters for studies of motor recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury in the rat. 
  • Real-time control of a robot arm using simultaneously recorded neurons in the motor cortex. 
  • Real-time prediction of hand trajectory by ensembles of cortical neurons in primates. 
  • Reduction of single-neuron firing uncertainty by cortical ensembles during motor skill learning. 
  • Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Supplementary Motor Area in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome: report of two cases. 
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS). 
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to SMA worsens complex movements in Parkinson's disease. 
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulator with controllable pulse parameters (cTMS). 
  • Reply to "Using relative frequency estimation of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor threshold does not allow to draw any conclusions about true threshold". 
  • Resection of intrinsic tumors from nondominant face motor cortex using stimulation mapping: report of two cases. 
  • Responses in human intercostal and truncal muscles to motor cortical and spinal stimulation. 
  • Reward action in the initiation of smooth pursuit eye movements. 
  • Right vs. left sensorimotor cortex suction-ablation in the rat: no difference in beam-walking recovery. 
  • Role of arcuate frontal cortex of monkeys in smooth pursuit eye movements. I. Basic response properties to retinal image motion and position. 
  • Role of arcuate frontal cortex of monkeys in smooth pursuit eye movements. II. Relation to vector averaging pursuit. 
  • Ryk controls remapping of motor cortex during functional recovery after spinal cord injury. 
  • Safety and feasibility of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) in major depression: randomized within-subject comparison with electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Sensorimotor encoding by synchronous neural ensemble activity at multiple levels of the somatosensory system. 
  • Sham TMS: intracerebral measurement of the induced electrical field and the induction of motor-evoked potentials. 
  • Single pulse TMS differentially modulates reward behavior. 
  • Skilled Bimanual Training Drives Motor Cortex Plasticity in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. 
  • Smoking withdrawal modulates right inferior frontal cortex but not presupplementary motor area activation during inhibitory control. 
  • Spatiotemporal brain dynamics in response to muscle stimulation. 
  • Spinal cord stimulation restores locomotion in animal models of Parkinson's disease. 
  • Spontaneous cortical activity in awake monkeys composed of neuronal avalanches. 
  • Stable ensemble performance with single-neuron variability during reaching movements in primates. 
  • Stimulus features underlying reduced tremor suppression with temporally patterned deep brain stimulation. 
  • Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and Purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. 
  • Test-retest assessment of cortical activation induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with brain atlas-guided optical topography. 
  • The Basal Forebrain and Motor Cortex Provide Convergent yet Distinct Movement-Related Inputs to the Auditory Cortex. 
  • The Brainstem Oscillator for Whisking and the Case for Breathing as the Master Clock for Orofacial Motor Actions. 
  • The brain decade in debate: VI. Sensory and motor maps: dynamics and plasticity. 
  • The effects of selective response preparation on corticospinal excitability. 
  • The first successful lower extremity transplantation: 6-year follow-up and implications for cortical plasticity. 
  • The use of motor mapping to aid resection of eloquent gliomas. 
  • Therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a review. 
  • Three-dimensional, automated, real-time video system for tracking limb motion in brain-machine interface studies. 
  • Timing is everything in corticospinal tract recovery after stroke. 
  • Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Poststroke Motor Recovery: Challenges and Opportunities. 
  • Tuning for the orientation of spatial attention in dorsal premotor cortex. 
  • Validating the efficacy of neurofeedback for optimising performance. 
  • Vector averaging occurs downstream from learning in smooth pursuit eye movements of monkeys. 
  • Virtual active touch using randomly patterned intracortical microstimulation. 
  • Wireless Cortical Brain-Machine Interface for Whole-Body Navigation in Primates. 
  • Work toward real-time control of a cortical neural prothesis. 
  • fMRI activation mapping as a percentage of local excitation: consistent presurgical motor maps without threshold adjustment. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Chen, Nan-kuei, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology
  • Henriquez, Craig S., Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering
  • Nicolelis, Miguel Angelo L., Duke School of Medicine Professor in Neuroscience, Psychology and Neuroscience
  • Turner, Dennis Alan, Professor of Neurosurgery, Biomedical Engineering