Mycoses

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Is there an emerging need for new antifungals?". 
  • A Prospective, International Cohort Study of Invasive Mold Infections in Children. 
  • A Trial of Itraconazole or Amphotericin B for HIV-Associated Talaromycosis. 
  • A nationwide survey of clinical laboratory methodologies for fungal infections. 
  • A new stain for systemic fungi in tissue. 
  • A retrospective analysis of the long-term effect of splenectomy on late infections, graft-versus-host disease, relapse, and survival after allogeneic marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. 
  • AIDS‐associated Cryptococcus neoformans and Penicillium marneffei coinfection: a therapeutic dilemma in resource‐limited settings. 
  • Adult survival, maturation, and reproduction of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria infected with the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum. 
  • Agents for treatment of invasive fungal infections. 
  • Alopecia associated with fluconazole therapy. 
  • Amphotericin B lipid complex for invasive fungal infections: analysis of safety and efficacy in 556 cases. 
  • Amphotericin B: 30 years of clinical experience. 
  • An outbreak of fungal endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of compounded combined bevacizumab and triamcinolone. 
  • Analysis of genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences in studying phylogenetics of dematiaceous fungal pathogens. 
  • Anidulafungin: a new echinocandin for the treatment of fungal infections. 
  • Antifungal Drugs in Newborns and Children. 
  • Antifungal activities of SCY-078 (MK-3118) and standard antifungal agents against clinical non-Aspergillus mold isolates. 
  • Antifungal activities of posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole compared to those of itraconazole and amphotericin B against 239 clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. and other filamentous fungi: report from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2000. 
  • Antifungal agents and therapy for infants and children with invasive fungal infections: a pharmacological perspective. 
  • Antifungal agents in children. 
  • Antifungal pharmacodynamics: review of the literature and clinical applications. 
  • Antifungal pharmacotherapy for invasive mould infections. 
  • Antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric hematology/oncology: new choices & new data. 
  • Antifungal resistance trends towards the year 2000. Implications for therapy and new approaches. 
  • Antifungal serum concentration monitoring: an update. 
  • Antifungal therapy and its use in surgical treatment. 
  • Antifungal therapy for invasive fungal diseases in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: an update. 
  • Antifungal treatment in pediatric patients. 
  • Antimicrobial resistance: resistance to antifungal agents: mechanisms and clinical impact. 
  • Azole antifungals: 35 years of invasive fungal infection management. 
  • BacT/Alert: an automated colorimetric microbial detection system. 
  • Bacterial vaginosis-associated microflora and effects of topical intravaginal clindamycin. 
  • Black Molds and Melanized Yeasts Pathogenic to Humans. 
  • Bone marrow cultures for the diagnosis of mycobacterial and fungal infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 
  • Bony erosion patterns in patients with allergic fungal sinusitis. 
  • Brain abscess caused by a variety of cladosporium trichoides. 
  • Caspofungin: first approved agent in a new class of antifungals. 
  • Causes of death in renal transplant recipients. A review of autopsy findings from 1966 through 1985. 
  • Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in an immunodeficient child treated medically with combination antifungal therapy. 
  • Chest radiography for predicting the cause of febrile illness among inpatients in Moshi, Tanzania. 
  • Clinical diagnosis of endophthalmitis. 
  • Clinical effectiveness of posaconazole versus fluconazole as antifungal prophylaxis in hematology-oncology patients: a retrospective cohort study. 
  • Clinical impact of bacteria and fungi recovered only from broth cultures. 
  • Clinical importance of "breakthrough" bacteremia. 
  • Clinical importance of polymicrobial bacteremia. 
  • Clinical utility of computed tomography screening of chest, abdomen, and sinuses before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the St. Jude experience. 
  • Clustering of pattern recognition receptors for fungal detection. 
  • Colony size can be used to determine the MIC of fluconazole for pathogenic yeasts. 
  • Combination antifungal therapy. 
  • Combination antifungal therapy: what can and should we expect? 
  • Comparative cost-effectiveness analysis of voriconazole and fluconazole for prevention of invasive fungal infection in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants. 
  • Comparative evaluation of Oxoid Signal and BACTEC radiometric blood culture systems for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia. 
  • Comparative evaluation of radiometric tryptic soy broth versus radiometric tryptic soy broth with 10% sucrose for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in pediatric patients. 
  • Comparative pathogenesis of clinical and nonclinical isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Comparative safety of amphotericin B lipid complex and amphotericin B deoxycholate as aerosolized antifungal prophylaxis in lung-transplant recipients. 
  • Comparing Etest and Broth Microdilution for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of the Most-Relevant Pathogenic Molds. 
  • Comparison of amphotericin B and N-D-ornithyl amphotericin B methyl ester in experimental cryptococcal meningitis and Candida albicans endocarditis with pyelonephritis. 
  • Complexities associated with the molecular and proteomic identification of Paecilomyces species in the clinical mycology laboratory. 
  • Complications of implantable venous access devices in patients with sickle cell disease. 
  • Controlled clinical comparison of bioMérieux VITAL and BACTEC NR-660 blood culture systems for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. 
  • Controlled comparison of BacT/ALERT FAN aerobic medium and BATEC fungal blood culture medium for detection of fungemia. 
  • Controlled comparison of a new Becton Dickinson agar slant blood culture system with Roche Septi-Chek for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia. 
  • Controlled evaluation of BACTEC Plus 26 and Roche Septi-Chek aerobic blood culture bottles. 
  • Controlled evaluation of blood culture medium containing gelatin and V-factor-analog for detection of septicemia in children. 
  • Controlled evaluation of hypertonic sucrose medium at a 1:5 ratio of blood to broth for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth. 
  • Controlled evaluation of hypertonic sucrose medium for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth. 
  • Controlled evaluation of modified radiometric blood culture medium supplemented with gelatin for detection of bacteremia and fungemia. 
  • Controlled evaluation of supplemented peptone and Bactec blood culture broths for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia. 
  • Controlled evaluation of the agar-slide and radiometric blood culture systems for the detection of bacteremia and fungemia. 
  • Controlled evaluation of the effect of atmosphere of incubation on detection of bacteremia and fungemia in supplemented peptone broth. 
  • Controlled evaluation of the volume of blood cultured in detection of bacteremia and fungemia. 
  • Controlled evaluation of trypticase soy broth with and without gelatin and yeast extract in the detection of bacteremia and fungemia. 
  • Copper at the Fungal Pathogen-Host Axis. 
  • Copper at the front line of the host-pathogen battle. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of posaconazole versus fluconazole for prevention of invasive fungal infections in U.S. patients with graft-versus-host disease. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of posaconazole versus fluconazole or itraconazole in the prevention of invasive fungal infections among neutropenic patients in the United States. 
  • Critical care perspective on immunotherapy in lung transplantation. 
  • Critical importance of antifungal dosing in children. 
  • Current best practices and guidelines. Assessment and management of complications in infective endocarditis. 
  • Current options in antifungal pharmacotherapy. 
  • Delayed recalcitrant fungal endophthalmitis secondary to Curvularia. 
  • Design of aerosolized amphotericin b formulations for prophylaxis trials among lung transplant recipients. 
  • Development and evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of Talaromyces marneffei MP1 gene in human plasma. 
  • Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model pathogen. A system for the genetic identification of gene products required for survival in the mammalian host environment. 
  • Diagnosis of fungal infection: new technologies for the mycology laboratory. 
  • Diagnostic methods current best practices and guidelines for isolation of bacteria and fungi in infective endocarditis. 
  • Do not abandon amphotericin B as an antifungal bladder irrigant. 
  • Dual action antifungal small molecule modulates multidrug efflux and TOR signaling. 
  • Duration of incubation of fungal cultures. 
  • Echinocandins for the nursery: an update. 
  • Echinocandins: role in antifungal therapy, 2005. 
  • Effect of agitation and terminal subcultures on yield and speed of detection of the Oxoid Signal blood culture system versus the BACTEC radiometric system. 
  • Effects of temperature and relative humidity on sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum in mycosed cadavers of Schistocerca gregaria. 
  • Emerging echinocandins for treatment of invasive fungal infections. 
  • Endovascular treatment of cerebral mycotic aneurysm: a review of the literature and single center experience. 
  • Environmental predictors and incubation period of AIDS-associated penicillium marneffei infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 
  • Epidemiological investigation of vaginal Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates by a genotypic method. 
  • Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infection in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: analysis of Multicenter Prospective Antifungal Therapy (PATH) Alliance registry. 
  • Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients. 
  • Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in neonates and children. 
  • Epidemiology of invasive mold infections in lung transplant recipients. 
  • Epidemiology, seasonality, and predictors of outcome of AIDS-associated Penicillium marneffei infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. 
  • Epithelial implantation membrane on the iris surface following cataract extraction with report of two cases. 
  • Etiology of severe non-malaria febrile illness in Northern Tanzania: a prospective cohort study. 
  • Evaluation and management of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. 
  • Evidence for disruption of sphingolipid metabolism as a contributing factor in the toxicity and carcinogenicity of fumonisins. 
  • Exploiting and subverting Tor signaling in the pathogenesis of fungi, parasites, and viruses. 
  • Extreme hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and undue susceptibility to infection. 
  • Fatal Scopulariopsis brevicaulis infection in a paediatric stem-cell transplant patient treated with voriconazole and caspofungin and a review of Scopulariopsis infections in immunocompromised patients. 
  • Fatal, disseminated Acremonium strictum infection in a neutropenic host. 
  • First report of involvement of Nodulisporium species in human disease. 
  • Fungal infection following renal transplantation. 
  • Fungal infection in chronic granulomatous disease. The importance of the phagocyte in defense against fungi. 
  • Fungal infection prevention after hematopoietic cell transplantation. 
  • Fungal infections in HIV/AIDS. 
  • Fungal infections in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. Report of 9 cases and review of the literature. 
  • Fungal infections in transplant and oncology patients. 
  • Fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 
  • Fungal virulence genes as targets for antifungal chemotherapy. 
  • Fungi that Infect Humans. 
  • Gastrointestinal complications of renal transplantation. 
  • Harnessing Hsp90 function as a powerful, broadly effective therapeutic strategy for fungal infectious disease. 
  • Harnessing calcineurin as a novel anti-infective agent against invasive fungal infections. 
  • Histopathology of fungal rhinosinusitis. 
  • Histoplasmosis and penicilliosis among HIV-infected Thai patients: a retrospective review. 
  • Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with opportunistic mycoses. 
  • Infections after the use of alemtuzumab in solid organ transplant recipients: a comparative study. 
  • Infections diagnosed in the first year after pediatric stem cell transplantation. 
  • Infections during a randomized trial comparing cyclosporine to FK 506 immunosuppression in liver transplantation. 
  • Infectious complications after small bowel transplantation in adults. 
  • Infectious complications after small bowel transplantation in adults: an update. 
  • Infectious complications of lung transplantation. 
  • Intracranial abscess as a complication of allergic fungal sinusitis. 
  • Introduction. Issues concerning antifungal susceptibility testing. 
  • Invasive aspergillosis due to Neosartorya udagawae. 
  • Invasive bacterial and fungal infections among hospitalized HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults and adolescents in northern Tanzania. 
  • Invasive bacterial and fungal infections among hospitalized HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children and infants in northern Tanzania. 
  • Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). 
  • Invasive mycoses: evolving challenges and opportunities in antifungal therapy (multimedia activity). 
  • Invasive mycoses: evolving challenges and opportunities in antifungal therapy. Introduction. 
  • Invasive non-Aspergillus mold infections in transplant recipients, United States, 2001-2006. 
  • Is it time to abandon the use of amphotericin B bladder irrigation? 
  • Isavuconazole Treatment of Cryptococcosis and Dimorphic Mycoses. 
  • Isavuconazole treatment for rare fungal diseases and for invasive aspergillosis in patients with renal impairment: Challenges and lessons of the VITAL trial. 
  • Key references in infectious diseases pharmacotherapy. 
  • Late-onset bloodstream infections in hospitalized term infants. 
  • Levels of vaginal secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor are decreased in women with lower reproductive tract infections. 
  • Lung transplantation at Duke University Medical Center. 
  • Management of drug and food interactions with azole antifungal agents in transplant recipients. 
  • Management of invasive mycoses in hematology patients: current approaches. 
  • Management of the immunocompromised patient: impact of fungal infections. Introduction. 
  • Marine mammal zoonoses: a review of disease manifestations. 
  • Mast cell mediator responses and their suppression by pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. 
  • Micafungin: the US perspective. 
  • Models to study ancient host-pathogen interactions: lessons from Crete. 
  • Molds: hyalohyphomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and zygomycosis. 
  • Molecular methods for epidemiological and diagnostic studies of fungal infections. 
  • Molecular typing of pathogenic fungi. 
  • Mortality rates in comparative trials of formulations of amphotericin B. 
  • Mortality, length of hospitalization, and costs associated with invasive fungal infections in high-risk patients. 
  • Multicenter clinical evaluation of the (1-->3) beta-D-glucan assay as an aid to diagnosis of fungal infections in humans. 
  • Multiplex PCR to diagnose bloodstream infections in patients admitted from the emergency department with sepsis. 
  • Mycoses in pediatric patients. 
  • Mycoses in the transplanted patient. 
  • Mycotic diseases. A proposed nomenclature. 
  • Name changes in medically important fungi and their implications for clinical practice. 
  • Neuroimaging of AIDS. I. Fungal infections of the central nervous system. 
  • New and emerging yeast pathogens. 
  • New antifungal agents under development in children and neonates. 
  • New antifungal agents. 
  • New aspects of emerging fungal pathogens. A multifaceted challenge. 
  • New facets of antifungal therapy. 
  • Newer antifungal therapy for emerging fungal pathogens. 
  • Non-comparative evaluation of the safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 
  • Nonmolecular methods for the diagnosis of respiratory fungal infections. 
  • Nosocomial infection in the NICU: a medical complication or unavoidable problem? 
  • Novel use of a swimming pool biocide in the treatment of a rare fungal mastoiditis. 
  • Opportunistic mycelial fungal infections in organ transplant recipients: emerging importance of non-Aspergillus mycelial fungi. 
  • Overview of basic medical mycology. 
  • Overview of treatment options for invasive fungal infections. 
  • Paecilomyces lilacinus septic olecranon bursitis in an immunocompetent host. 
  • Paecilomyces varioti endocarditis on a prosthetic aortic valve. 
  • Pathogenicity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in complement factor five-deficient mice. 
  • Pediatric antifungal agents. 
  • Pharmacoeconomics of antifungal pharmacotherapy--challenges and future directions. 
  • Pharmacokinetic and maximum tolerated dose study of micafungin in combination with fluconazole versus fluconazole alone for prophylaxis of fungal infections in adult patients undergoing a bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant. 
  • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antifungals in children: clinical implications. 
  • Pharmacokinetics of antifungal agents in children. 
  • Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of voriconazole in immunocompromised children. 
  • Phase 1b study of new posaconazole tablet for prevention of invasive fungal infections in high-risk patients with neutropenia. 
  • Pleural space infections: microbiology and antimicrobial therapy. 
  • Pneumocystis carinii choroiditis after long-term aerosolized pentamidine therapy. 
  • Pneumonia due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi and cerebral abscesses due to Emericella nidulans in a bone marrow transplant recipient. 
  • Poor Oral Health Linked with Increased Risk of Infectious Complications in Adults with Leukemia. 
  • Posaconazole as salvage therapy in patients with invasive fungal infections after solid organ transplant. 
  • Posaconazole vs. fluconazole or itraconazole prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia. 
  • Posaconazole's impact on prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections: an update. 
  • Posaconazole. 
  • Posttransplant infection in enteric versus bladder-drained simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients. 
  • Potential use of BacT/Alert automated blood culture system for antifungal susceptibility testing. 
  • Prevention and early treatment of invasive fungal infection in patients with cancer and neutropenia and in stem cell transplant recipients in the era of newer broad-spectrum antifungal agents and diagnostic adjuncts. 
  • Prophylactic intravenous amphotericin B in neutropenic autologous bone marrow transplant recipients. 
  • Prophylaxis of invasive mycoses in solid organ transplantation. 
  • Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001-2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database. 
  • Randomized, double-blind trial of fluconazole versus voriconazole for prevention of invasive fungal infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. 
  • Rapid identification of pathogenic fungi directly from cultures by using multiplex PCR. 
  • Rational approach to pediatric antifungal therapy. 
  • Real-time treatment guidelines: considerations during the Exserohilum rostratum outbreak in the United States. 
  • Recent advances in antifungal pharmacotherapy for invasive fungal infections. 
  • Recent advances in the treatment of life-threatening, invasive fungal infections. 
  • Recent and innovative methods for detection of bacteremia and fungemia. 
  • Relative frequency of nosocomial pathogens at a university hospital during the decade 1980 to 1989. 
  • Report of the first case of invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Scopulariopsis acremonium: review of scopulariopsis infections. 
  • Respiratory fungal infections: molecular diagnostic tests. 
  • Retrospective review of amphotericin B use in a tertiary-care medical center. 
  • Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. 
  • Risk factors for contact lens-related fusarium keratitis: a case-control study in Singapore. 
  • Risk of fungemia due to Rhodotorula and antifungal susceptibility testing of Rhodotorula isolates. 
  • Risks and outcomes of invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. 
  • Role of echinocandins in the management of fungal infections in neonates. 
  • Role of nitrogen and carbon transport, regulation, and metabolism genes for Saccharomyces cerevisiae survival in vivo. 
  • Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous anidulafungin in children with neutropenia at high risk for invasive fungal infections. 
  • Safety experience with caspofungin in pediatric patients. 
  • Safety of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex in lung transplant recipients. 
  • Safety of long-term oral posaconazole use in the treatment of refractory invasive fungal infections. 
  • Sensing the environment: lessons from fungi. 
  • Sexual reproduction of human fungal pathogens. 
  • Short-term risk of liver and renal injury in hospitalized patients using micafungin: a multicentre cohort study. 
  • Signaling cascades as drug targets in model and pathogenic fungi. 
  • Soft tissue abscess caused by Torulopsis glabrata and Lactobacillus. 
  • Soft-tissue fungal infections: surgical management of 12 immunocompromised patients. 
  • Species and genotypic diversities and similarities of pathogenic yeasts colonizing women. 
  • Species identification and virulence attributes of Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.). 
  • Standardization of antifungal susceptibility testing and clinical relevance. 
  • Status of medical mycology education. 
  • Strategies to manage antifungal drug resistance. 
  • Stress, drugs, and evolution: the role of cellular signaling in fungal drug resistance. 
  • Study of renal safety in amphotericin B lipid complex-treated patients. 
  • Successful treatment of Ochroconis gallopavum infection in an immunocompetent host. 
  • Synthesis and antifungal activities of miltefosine analogs. 
  • Systemic infection by fusarium in a burned child. The emergence of a saprophytic strain. 
  • Teaching old drugs new tricks: reincarnating immunosuppressants as antifungal drugs. 
  • The (1,3){beta}-D-glucan test as an aid to early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation. 
  • The 2015 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the management of fungal infections in mechanical circulatory support and cardiothoracic organ transplant recipients: Executive summary. 
  • The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of 500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. I. Laboratory and epidemiologic observations. 
  • The clinical significance of positive blood cultures: a comprehensive analysis of 500 episodes of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. II. Clinical observations, with special reference to factors influencing prognosis. 
  • The decline of typhoid and the rise of non-typhoid salmonellae and fungal infections in a changing HIV landscape: bloodstream infection trends over 15 years in southern Vietnam. 
  • The economic costs to United States hospitals of invasive fungal infections in transplant patients. 
  • The impact of the host on fungal infections. 
  • The interplay between dose and immune system activation determines fungal infection outcome in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. 
  • The new fungal opportunists are coming. 
  • The potential impact of excluding funguria from the surveillance definition of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. 
  • The spectrum of fungi that infects humans. 
  • The use of amphotericin B in nosocomial fungal infection. 
  • Torulopsis glabrata fungemia--a clinical pathological study. 
  • Treatment of non-Aspergillus moulds in immunocompromised patients, with amphotericin B lipid complex. 
  • Trehalose pathway as an antifungal target. 
  • Triazole use in the nursery: fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole. 
  • USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: disease-specific recommendations. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group. 
  • Uncommon invasive fungal pathogens in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 
  • Uncovering scaling laws to infer multidrug response of resistant microbes and cancer cells. 
  • Unusual fungal pathogens in fungal rhinosinusitis. 
  • Update on epidemiology of and preventive strategies for invasive fungal infections in cancer patients. 
  • Use of newer antifungal therapies in clinical practice: what do the data tell us? 
  • Very late onset infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. 
  • Voriconazole compared with liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent fever. 
  • Voriconazole in the treatment of aspergillosis, scedosporiosis and other invasive fungal infections in children. 
  • When primary antifungal therapy fails. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bradford, William Dalton, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael, Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases
  • Cunningham, Coleen Kathryn, Professor of Pediatrics, Pathology
  • Le, Thuy, Instructor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Infectious Diseases
  • Shinohara, Mari L., Associate Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Steinbach, William J., Professor of Pediatrics, Duke Innovation & Entrepreneurship
  • Sullivan, Daniel Carl, Professor Emeritus of Radiology, Radiology
  • Woodward, Julie Ann, Professor of Ophthalmology, Dermatology