Osmolar Concentration

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A chimeric kinesin-1 head/kinesin-5 tail motor switches between diffusive and processive motility. 
  • A comparison of ionic versus nonionic contrast medium during primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (GUSTO IIb). Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes. 
  • A numerical method for renal models that represent tubules with abrupt changes in membrane properties. 
  • A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. I. Formulation and base-case results. 
  • A region-based mathematical model of the urine concentrating mechanism in the rat outer medulla. II. Parameter sensitivity and tubular inhomogeneity. 
  • A region-based model framework for the rat urine concentrating mechanism. 
  • A role for AQP5 in activation of TRPV4 by hypotonicity: concerted involvement of AQP5 and TRPV4 in regulation of cell volume recovery. 
  • A role for transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 in tonicity-induced neurogenic inflammation. 
  • A simulation environment for directional sensing as a phase separation process. 
  • A solubility-enhancement tag (SET) for NMR studies of poorly behaving proteins. 
  • Abnormal water metabolism in mice lacking the type 1A receptor for ANG II. 
  • Absence of a role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the transport of amino acids by rat renal brushborder membrane vesicles. 
  • Acute effects of changing plasma osmolality and colloid oncotic pressure on the formation of brain edema after cryogenic injury. 
  • Adenosine nucleotides in bile. 
  • Affinity chromatography of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase on Nad and hydrophobic chain derivatives of sepharose. 
  • Alcohols stimulate gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-mediated chloride uptake in brain vesicles: correlation with intoxication potency. 
  • Aminoaciduria and altered renal expression of luminal amino acid transporters in mice lacking novel gene collectrin. 
  • An inverse algorithm for a mathematical model of an avian urine concentrating mechanism. 
  • An optimization algorithm for a distributed-loop model of an avian urine concentrating mechanism. 
  • Antidiuretic Hormone and Serum Osmolarity Physiology and Related Outcomes: What Is Old, What Is New, and What Is Unknown? 
  • Astringent-tasting compounds alter ion transport across isolated canine lingual epithelia. 
  • Bactericidal agents generated by the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of para-hydroquinones. 
  • Basic fibroblast growth factor among children with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. 
  • Brain-kidney cross-talk: Definition and emerging evidence. 
  • Breakthrough adverse reactions to low-osmolar contrast media after steroid premedication. 
  • Capsaicin activated currents in rat dorsal root ganglion cells. 
  • Case of the month misdiagnosis. 
  • Causes of treatment failure with antiepileptic drugs vary over time. 
  • Cerebral amino acid, norepinephrine and nitric oxide metabolism in CNS oxygen toxicity. 
  • Cerebrospinal fluid atrial natriuretic factor in intracranial disease. 
  • Changes in osmolality sensitize the response to capsaicin in trigeminal sensory neurons. 
  • Characterization and follicle stimulating hormone activation of Sertoli cell cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases. 
  • Characterization of constitutive exocytosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Characterization of sites with elevated LDL permeability at intercostal, celiac, and iliac branches of the normal rabbit aorta. 
  • Characterization of the interaction between alpha2-macroglobulin and fibroblast growth factor-2: the role of hydrophobic interactions. 
  • Chloride dependence of hyperpolarization-activated chloride channel gates. 
  • Clearance and dimensional changes of crocidolite asbestos fibers isolated from lungs of rats following short-term exposure. 
  • Cocaine and beta-adrenergic receptor function in pregnant myometrium. 
  • Colloid osmotic pressure of steer alpha- and beta-crystallins: possible functional roles for lens crystallin distribution and structural diversity. 
  • Colloid osmotic pressure of steer crystallins: implications for the origin of the refractive index gradient and transparency of the lens. 
  • Comparative analysis of normal and growth-retarded placentas with phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 
  • Comparison of the physical and functional properties of the 48-subunit native molecule and the 24- and 12-subunit dissociation intermediates of Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin. 
  • Comparison of vessel dilator and long-acting natriuretic peptide in the treatment of congestive heart failure. 
  • Concentrations of indoleamine metabolic intermediates in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of advanced Parkinson's patients with severe postural instability and gait disorders. 
  • Conditions for the triggering of spreading depression studied with computer simulations. 
  • Conformation and elasticity of the isolated red blood cell membrane skeleton. 
  • Contrast-enhanced CT of the liver and spleen: comparison of ionic and nonionic contrast agents. 
  • Correlation of enzymatic activities and aggregation state in chicken liver fatty acid synthase. 
  • Cost-effective use of low-osmolality contrast media for CT of the liver: evaluation of liver enhancement provided by various doses of iohexol. 
  • Countercurrent multiplication may not explain the axial osmolality gradient in the outer medulla of the rat kidney. 
  • Current treatment practice and outcomes. Report of the hyponatremia registry. 
  • Definition of cytochrome c binding domains by chemical modification. Interaction of horse cytochrome c with beef sulfite oxidase and analysis of steady state kinetics. 
  • Dehydration and delayed proton equilibria of red blood cells suspended in isosmotic phosphate buffers. Implications for studies of sickled cells. 
  • Deletion analysis of recombinant human factor V. Evidence for a phosphatidylserine binding site in the second C-type domain. 
  • Design of a ruthenium-labeled cytochrome c derivative to study electron transfer with the cytochrome bc1 complex. 
  • Directionality of individual kinesin-5 Cin8 motors is modulated by loop 8, ionic strength and microtubule geometry. 
  • Disordered control of thirst in hypothalamic-pituitary sarcoidosis. 
  • Do clinical manifestations of resistance to thyroid hormone correlate with the functional alteration of the corresponding mutant thyroid hormone-beta receptors? 
  • Dopamine release and uptake are greater in female than male rat striatum as measured by fast cyclic voltammetry. 
  • Dry eye is matched by increased intrasubject variability in tear osmolarity as confirmed by machine learning approach. 
  • Dynamic docking and electron-transfer between cytochrome b5 and a suite of myoglobin surface-charge mutants. Introduction of a functional-docking algorithm for protein-protein complexes. 
  • Effect of magnesium sulfate on contractile force and intracellular calcium concentration in pregnant human myometrium. 
  • Effect of vasopressin and serosal hypertonicity on toad urinary bladder. 
  • Effects of cold exposure and dehydration on renal function in black-tailed prairie dogs. 
  • Effects of elevated plasma magnesium versus calcium on cerebral ischemic injury in rats. 
  • Effects of humic substances on precipitation and aggregation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles. 
  • Effects of iso-osmolal intravenous fluid therapy on post-ischemic brain water content in the rat. 
  • Efficient random subcloning of DNA sheared in a recirculating point-sink flow system. 
  • Electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction evidence for two Z-band structural states. 
  • Elevated prothrombin results in clots with an altered fiber structure: a possible mechanism of the increased thrombotic risk. 
  • Exercise increases muscle GLUT-4 levels and insulin action in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. 
  • Exposure of cultured murine peritoneal macrophages to low concentrations of beryllium induces increases in intracellular calcium concentrations and stimulates DNA synthesis. 
  • Extravascular extravasation of radiographic contrast media. Effects of conventional and low-osmolar agents in the rat thigh. 
  • Extravascular toxicity of two magnetic resonance contrast agents. Preliminary experience in the rat. 
  • Ezrin binding domain-deficient NHERF attenuates cAMP-mediated inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange in OK cells. 
  • Facilitated diffusion during catalysis by EcoRI endonuclease. Nonspecific interactions in EcoRI catalysis. 
  • Factors influencing nonoxynol-9 permeation and bioactivity in cervical mucus. 
  • Failure of spermatogenesis in mouse lines deficient in the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter. 
  • Fibronectin in extended and compact conformations. Electron microscopy and sedimentation analysis. 
  • Focal increases in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intimal macrophages at atherosclerosis-susceptible sites in the rabbit aorta after short-term cholesterol feeding. 
  • Functional reconstitution and characterization of AqpZ, the E. coli water channel protein. 
  • GATA2 regulates body water homeostasis through maintaining aquaporin 2 expression in renal collecting ducts. 
  • Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I regulates nitric oxide synthesis in renal proximal tubules. 
  • Hemoglobin providence. Functional consequences of two alterations of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding site at position beta 82. 
  • Hepatic sulfite oxidase. Effect of anions on interaction with cytochrome c. 
  • High concentrations of isovaleric acid in the fats of odontocetes: variation and patterns of accumulation in blubber vs. stability in the melon. 
  • How many mountains can we mine? Assessing the regional degradation of Central Appalachian rivers by surface coal mining. 
  • Hydration and conformational mechanics of single, end-tethered elastin-like polypeptides. 
  • Hyperfiltration and inner stripe hypertrophy may explain findings by Gamble and coworkers. 
  • Hypertonic hyperglycemia progresses to diabetes faster than normotonic hyperglycemia. 
  • Hypertonicity sensing in organum vasculosum lamina terminalis neurons: a mechanical process involving TRPV1 but not TRPV4. 
  • Hypotonic exposure enhances synaptic transmission and triggers spreading depression in rat hippocampal tissue slices. 
  • Identification of chloride-binding sites in hemoglobin by nuclear-magnetic-resonance quadrupole-relaxation studies of hemoglobin digests. 
  • Impact of aggregate size and structure on the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. 
  • In silico experimentation with a model of hepatic mitochondrial folate metabolism. 
  • In situ analysis of protein chromatography and column efficiency using magnetic resonance imaging. 
  • In vivo and in vitro effects of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP) on the rate of hen brain tubulin polymerization. 
  • Increased adhesion of neutrophils to retinal vascular endothelial cells exposed to hyperosmolarity. 
  • Inhibiting the palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle selectively reduces the growth of hematopoietic cells expressing oncogenic Nras. 
  • Intercycle variability of day 3 follicle-stimulating hormone levels and its effect on stimulation quality in in vitro fertilization. 
  • Interstitial ion concentrations and paroxysmal discharges in hippocampal formation and spinal cord. 
  • Interstitial space, electrical resistance and ion concentrations during hypotonia of rat hippocampal slices. 
  • Intratesticular testosterone concentrations comparable with serum levels are not sufficient to maintain normal sperm production in men receiving a hormonal contraceptive regimen. 
  • Ion regulation in the brain: implications for pathophysiology. 
  • Ionic influences on the phase transition of dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine. 
  • Ionic modulation of the effects of heparin on plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator: the effects of ionic strength, divalent cations, and chloride. 
  • Isoform-specific interactions of apolipoprotein E with the microtubule-associated protein MAP2c: implications for Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Kinetic study of collagen fixation with polyepoxy fixatives. 
  • L form bacteria growth in low-osmolality medium. 
  • Large-scale association analyses identify new loci influencing glycemic traits and provide insight into the underlying biological pathways. 
  • Leptin in the newborn mouse. Plasma concentrations, characterization of the circulating hormone, and tissue source. 
  • Ligation-state hydrogen exchange: coupled binding and folding equilibria in ribonuclease P protein. 
  • Linked folding and anion binding of the Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease P protein. 
  • Lipid peroxidation during initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after hypoxia in endotoxemic rabbits. 
  • Lipid peroxidation induced by shockwave lithotripsy. 
  • Localized membrane depolarizations and localized calcium influx during electric field-guided neurite growth. 
  • Low external NaCl concentration and low osmolarity enhance voltage-gated Ca currents but depress K currents in freshly isolated rat hippocampal neurons. 
  • Mathematical model of an avian urine concentrating mechanism. 
  • Maximum urine concentrating capability in a mathematical model of the inner medulla of the rat kidney. 
  • Measurement of retinal blood vessel width using computerized image analysis. 
  • Measuring Nanoparticle Attachment Efficiency in Complex Systems. 
  • Method for decellularizing skeletal muscle without detergents or proteolytic enzymes. 
  • Microtubule cross-linking triggers the directional motility of kinesin-5. 
  • Mobility of Four Common Mercury Species in Model and Natural Unsaturated Soils. 
  • Modulating the mechanical properties of self-assembled peptide hydrogels via native chemical ligation. 
  • Nanomaterials as possible contaminants: the fullerene example. 
  • Nephrotoxicity from contrast material in renal insufficiency: ionic versus nonionic agents. 
  • Neuroprotective effects of NMDA receptor glycine recognition site antagonism: dependence on glycine concentration. 
  • Neutral proteinase of rabbit skin: an enzyme capable of degrading skin protein and inducing an inflammatory response. 
  • New testosterone buccal system (Striant) delivers physiological testosterone levels: pharmacokinetics study in hypogonadal men. 
  • Normal calcitonin stimulation of serum calcitriol in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. 
  • Observations on the effect of hypotonic solutions on the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. 
  • Ocular Surface Parameters Predicting Patient Satisfaction After a Single Vectored Thermal Pulsation Procedure for Management of Symptomatic Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. 
  • Osmolarity regulates gene expression in intervertebral disc cells determined by gene array and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. 
  • Oxidants and antioxidants in alveolar epithelial type II cells: in situ, freshly isolated, and cultured cells. 
  • Oxidized dimeric Scapharca inaequivalvis. Co-driven perturbation of the redox equilibrium. 
  • Permeability criteria for effective function of passive countercurrent multiplier. 
  • Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human placenta and quantitation with perchloric acid extracts. 
  • Placental lactogen and growth hormone receptors in human fetal tissues: relationship to fetal plasma human placental lactogen concentrations and fetal growth. 
  • Potassium and calcium concentrations in interstitial fluid of hippocampal formation during paroxysmal responses. 
  • Precipitation and growth of zinc sulfide nanoparticles in the presence of thiol-containing natural organic ligands. 
  • Prenatal exposure to ethanol decreases the sensitivity of the adult rat hippocampus to N-methyl-D-aspartate. 
  • Prevalence of ocular surface dysfunction in patients presenting for cataract surgery evaluation. 
  • Proline-induced inhibition of glutamate release in hippocampal area CA1. 
  • Properties of mutationally altered RNA polymerases II of Drosophila. 
  • Prospective evaluation of pulmonary artery pressures during pulmonary angiography performed with low-osmolar nonionic contrast media. 
  • Protein purification: adsorption chromatography on controlled pore glass with the use of chaotropic buffers. 
  • Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of volume of low osmolality contrast medium needed for routine helical abdominal CT. 
  • Quinidine blocks adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in heart. 
  • RNA polymerase B from Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Purification and partial characterization. 
  • Regional H2O2 concentration in rat brain after hyperoxic convulsions. 
  • Regulation of cation channels in liver cells by intracellular calcium and protein kinase C. 
  • Regulation of extracellular calcium entry in endothelial cells: role of intracellular calcium pool. 
  • Renin-angiotensin system stimulates respiration during acute hypotension but not during hypercapnia. 
  • Residual oil fly ash and charged polymers activate epithelial cells and nociceptive sensory neurons. 
  • Respiration and osmoregulation of the estuarine crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould): effects of the herbicide, alachlor. 
  • Response of atrial natriuretic factor to acute and chronic increases of atrial pressures in experimental heart failure in dogs. Role of changes in heart rate, atrial dimension, and cardiac tissue concentration. 
  • Response of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to exercise training in an at-risk population. 
  • Role of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 in the kidney. 
  • Roles of the lactogens and somatogens in perinatal and postnatal metabolism and growth: studies of a novel mouse model combining lactogen resistance and growth hormone deficiency. 
  • Safety and pharmokinetics of triamcinolone hexacetonide in rabbit eyes. 
  • Salt Responsive Morphologies of ssDNA-Based Triblock Polyelectrolytes in Semi-Dilute Regime: Effect of Volume Fractions and Polyelectrolyte Length. 
  • Selective association of spectrin with the cytoplasmic surface of human erythrocyte plasma membranes. Quantitative determination with purified (32P)spectrin. 
  • Sequential changes in atrial pressures, dimensions, and plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentrations during volume loading in hemodynamically normal human subjects. 
  • Serum Osmolality and Postdischarge Outcomes After Hospitalization for Heart Failure. 
  • Serum immunoglobulin levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: the effects of age, sex, race and disease duration. 
  • Sickling times of individual erythrocytes at zero Po2. 
  • Sorption of 243Am(III) to multiwall carbon nanotubes. 
  • Spectral perturbations and oligomer/monomer formation in 124-kilodalton Avena phytochrome. 
  • Stress and lipoprotein metabolism: modulators and mechanisms. 
  • Structure of macromolecular aggregates. II. Construction of model membranes from phospholipids and polypeptides. 
  • Studies on photosystem I. II. Involvement of ferredoxin in cyclic electron flow. 
  • Successful use of education and cost-based feedback strategies to reduce physician utilization of low-osmolality contrast agents in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. 
  • TFOS DEWS II Diagnostic Methodology report. 
  • Temperature dependence of the repulsive pressure between phosphatidylcholine bilayers. 
  • The coronary pressure-flow determinants left ventricular compliance in dogs. 
  • The effect of graded hypertonia on interstitial volume, tissue resistance and synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal tissue slices. 
  • The effect of graded hypoxia on the hippocampal slice: an in vitro model of the ischemic penumbra. 
  • The effect of osmotic stress on the production of nukacin ISK-1 from Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1. 
  • The extent and mechanism of the loss of function caused by strongly hypotonic solutions in rat hippocampal slices. 
  • The kinetic mechanism of EcoRI endonuclease. 
  • The physiological ecology of the supratidal amphipod Talorchestia longicornis. 
  • The prognostic value of serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, and luteinizing hormone during superovulation with and without adjunctive leuprolide therapy. 
  • The response of parathyroid hormone to specific changes in either ionized calcium, ionized magnesium, or protein-bound calcium in humans. 
  • The volume problem in hypoperfusion states and appropriate therapy. 
  • Thermal denaturation of DNA from bromodeoxyuridine substituted cells. 
  • Thermal stability of bimatoprost, latanoprost, and travoprost under simulated daily use. 
  • Thermodynamic Analysis of the Uptake of a Protein in a Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brush. 
  • Thermodynamic characterization of the osmolyte- and ligand-folded states of Bacillus subtilis ribonuclease P protein. 
  • Three peptides from the atrial natriuretic factor prohormone amino terminus lower blood pressure and produce diuresis, natriuresis, and/or kaliuresis in humans. 
  • Time course of vasopressin-induced formation of microvilli in granular cells of toad university bladder. 
  • Transport and retention of colloidal aggregates of C60 in porous media: effects of organic macromolecules, ionic composition, and preparation method. 
  • Transscleral diffusion of ethacrynic acid and sodium fluorescein. 
  • Trpv4 Mediates Hypotonic Inhibition of Central Osmosensory Neurons via Taurine Gliotransmission. 
  • Two crystal forms of bovine superoxide dismutase. 
  • Two kinetically-distinct components of UDP-glucuronic acid transport in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum. 
  • Two mechanisms that raise free intracellular calcium in rat hippocampal neurons during hypoosmotic and low NaCl treatment. 
  • Urea as a passive transport marker for arthritis biomarker studies. 
  • Urea transport in a distributed loop model of the urine-concentrating mechanism. 
  • Urinary cadmium, impaired fasting glucose, and diabetes in the NHANES III. 
  • Urinary vasopressin and aldosterone and plasma volume during a saturation dive to 450 m. 
  • Urine-concentrating mechanism in the inner medulla: function of the thin limbs of the loops of Henle. 
  • Use of ketoconazole to probe the pathogenetic importance of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in absorptive hypercalciuria. 
  • Vanilloid receptor-related osmotically activated channel (VR-OAC), a candidate vertebrate osmoreceptor. 
  • Vasopressin receptor antagonists. 
  • Volume and osmotic properties of human neutrophils. 
  • Volume changes induced by osmotic stress in freshly isolated rat hippocampal neurons. 
  • What is the ideal crystalloid? 
  • What's new in diuretic therapy. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • Hsu-Kim, Heileen, Sternberg Family Professor of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering
  • Katz, David F., Nello L. Teer, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering, in the Edmund T. Pratt, Jr. School of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering
  • Preminger, Glenn Michael, James F. Glenn, M.D. Distinguished Professor of Urology, Surgery
  • Starmer, Charles Franklin, Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Computer Science
  • Warner, David Samuel, Distinguished Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology, in the School of Medicine, Neurobiology