Oxidation-Reduction

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Flux Balance of Glucose Metabolism Clarifies the Requirements of the Warburg Effect. 
  • A Mets motif peptide found in copper transport proteins selectively binds Cu(I) with methionine-only coordination. 
  • A bioluminescence method for the demonstration of regional glucose distribution in brain slices. 
  • A catalytic antioxidant (AEOL 10150) attenuates expression of inflammatory genes in stroke. 
  • A chemical perspective on the interplay between NO, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen oxide species. 
  • A comparative study of antioxidative activities of cell-wall polysaccharides. 
  • A comparison of methionine, histidine and cysteine in copper(I)-binding peptides reveals differences relevant to copper uptake by organisms in diverse environments. 
  • A comprehensive evaluation of catalase-like activity of different classes of redox-active therapeutics. 
  • A comprehensive search for calcium binding sites critical for TMEM16A calcium-activated chloride channel activity. 
  • A differential role for endocytosis in receptor-mediated activation of Nox1. 
  • A formal synthesis of SCH 351448. 
  • A hapten generated from an oxidation fragment of docosahexaenoic acid is sufficient to initiate age-related macular degeneration. 
  • A high-fat diet elicits differential responses in genes coordinating oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle of lean and obese individuals. 
  • A manganese porphyrin suppresses oxidative stress and extends the life span of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 
  • A mechanism-based antioxidant approach for the reduction of skin carcinogenesis. 
  • A nitric oxide/cysteine interaction mediates the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. 
  • A novel mutation of the ACADM gene (c.145C>G) associated with the common c.985A>G mutation on the other ACADM allele causes mild MCAD deficiency: a case report. 
  • A photolabile ligand for light-activated release of caged copper. 
  • A pro-chelator triggered by hydrogen peroxide inhibits iron-promoted hydroxyl radical formation. 
  • A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. 
  • A simplified method for monitoring the cytochrome aa3 redox state in bilateral cortical areas of unanesthetized cats. 
  • A spectroelectrochemical method for differentiation of steric and electronic effects in hemoglobins and myoglobins. 
  • A study of the binding of thiamine diphosphate and thiochrome diphosphate to the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. 
  • A television fluorometer for monitoring oxidative metabolism in intact tissue. 
  • Ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical simulation of electron transfer process: fractional electron approach. 
  • Ablation of steroid receptor coactivator-3 resembles the human CACT metabolic myopathy. 
  • Acceleration of oxidative protein folding by curcumin through novel non-redox chemistry. 
  • Acetyl-L-carnitine deficiency as a cause of altered nerve myo-inositol content, Na,K-ATPase activity, and motor conduction velocity in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. 
  • Acid-base and electrochemical properties of manganese meso(ortho- and meta-N-ethylpyridyl)porphyrins: potentiometric, spectrophotometric and spectroelectrochemical study of protolytic and redox equilibria. 
  • Acid-base and electrochemical properties of manganese meso(ortho- and meta-N-ethylpyridyl)porphyrins: voltammetric and chronocoulometric study of protolytic and redox equilibria. 
  • Actions of redox-related congeners of nitric oxide at the NMDA receptor. 
  • Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by human EGF receptor 2/EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor protects cardiac cells. 
  • Activation of nuclear receptor CAR ameliorates diabetes and fatty liver disease. 
  • Activation of the cardiac calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) by poly-S-nitrosylation. 
  • Active-site heterogeneity in Limulus hemocyanin as revealed by reaction with peroxides. 
  • Activity level, apoptosis, and development of cachexia in Apc(Min/+) mice. 
  • Acute fatty liver of pregnancy and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. 
  • Acyl-CoA thioesterase-2 facilitates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in the liver. 
  • Acyl-CoAs are functionally channeled in liver: potential role of acyl-CoA synthetase. 
  • Acylcarnitines in fibroblasts of patients with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and other fatty acid oxidation disorders. 
  • Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of uncoupling protein-2 in pancreatic islets of Zucker diabetic rats increases oxidative activity and improves beta-cell function. 
  • Adipose acyl-CoA synthetase-1 directs fatty acids toward beta-oxidation and is required for cold thermogenesis. 
  • Age attenuates leucine oxidation after eccentric exercise. 
  • Age-related metabolic fatigue during low glucose conditions in rat hippocampus. 
  • Alkaline low spin form of sulfite reductase hemeprotein subunit. 
  • Altered lung gene expression in CCSP-null mice suggests immunoregulatory roles for Clara cells. 
  • Altered mitochondrial redox responses in gram negative septic shock in primates. 
  • Amyloid beta peptides do not form peptide-derived free radicals spontaneously, but can enhance metal-catalyzed oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxides. 
  • An SOD mimic protects NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase against oxidative inactivation. 
  • An active site tyrosine influences the ability of the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase family of molybdopterin enzymes to reduce S-oxides. 
  • An apoptotic model for nitrosative stress. 
  • An investigation of hemopexin redox properties by spectroelectrochemistry: biological relevance for heme uptake. 
  • An oxidized extracellular oxidation-reduction state increases Nox1 expression and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells via epidermal growth factor receptor activation. 
  • Anaerobic oxidations of myoglobin and hemoglobin by spectroelectrochemistry. 
  • Angiopoietin-2 confers Atheroprotection in apoE-/- mice by inhibiting LDL oxidation via nitric oxide. 
  • Ante- and postpartum redox status of blood in women with inherited thrombophilia treated with heparin. 
  • Anti-c-myc DNA increases differentiation and decreases colony formation by HL-60 cells. 
  • Antiangiogenic action of redox-modulating Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP(5+), via suppression of oxidative stress in a mouse model of breast tumor. 
  • Anticancer therapeutic potential of Mn porphyrin/ascorbate system. 
  • Antioxidant responses and NRF2 in synergistic developmental toxicity of PAHs in zebrafish. 
  • Ascorbic acid accumulates in cartilage in vivo. 
  • Assay and detection of the molybdenum cofactor. 
  • Assessment and application of the biotin switch technique for examining protein S-nitrosylation under conditions of pharmacologically induced oxidative stress. 
  • Associations among plasma metabolite levels and short-term exposure to PM2.5 and ozone in a cardiac catheterization cohort. 
  • Avicinylation (thioesterification): a protein modification that can regulate the response to oxidative and nitrosative stress. 
  • Bench-to-bedside review: Neonatal sepsis-redox processes in pathogenesis. 
  • Bench-to-bedside review: sepsis - from the redox point of view. 
  • Berninamycin. 2. Products of acidic hydrolysis, methanolysis, and acetolysis of berninamycin A1. 
  • Binding of native and reduced and carbamidomethylated hGH to rabbit liver plasma membranes. 
  • Bioavailability of metalloporphyrin-based SOD mimics is greatly influenced by a single charge residing on a Mn site. 
  • Biochemical Underpinnings of Immune Cell Metabolic Phenotypes. 
  • Biochemical and genetic analyses of yeast and human high affinity copper transporters suggest a conserved mechanism for copper uptake. 
  • Biochemical and structural studies of tenascin/hexabrachion proteins. 
  • Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms. 
  • Biocompatibility studies of functionalized regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) layers for sensing applications. 
  • Biological activity of oxidized and reduced iodinated bombesins. 
  • Biological assessment of bisphenol A degradation in water following direct photolysis and UV advanced oxidation. 
  • Biological assessments of a mixture of endocrine disruptors at environmentally relevant concentrations in water following UV/H2O2 oxidation. 
  • Biological charge transfer via flickering resonance. 
  • Brain-specific carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1c: role in CNS fatty acid metabolism, food intake, and body weight. 
  • Bronchodilator S-nitrosothiol deficiency in asthmatic respiratory failure. 
  • CAPER is vital for energy and redox homeostasis by integrating glucose-induced mitochondrial functions via ERR-α-Gabpa and stress-induced adaptive responses via NF-κB-cMYC. 
  • CERKL interacts with mitochondrial TRX2 and protects retinal cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. 
  • CYP3A-like cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism and polarized efflux of cyclosporin A in Caco-2 cells. 
  • CaMKII is essential for the proasthmatic effects of oxidation. 
  • Caffeine stimulates hepatic lipid metabolism by the autophagy-lysosomal pathway in mice. 
  • Calculating solution redox free energies with ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical minimum free energy path method. 
  • Capillary electrophoresis with solid-state electrochemiluminescence detector. 
  • Carbon monoxide-cytochrome interactions in the brain of the fluorocarbon-perfused rat. 
  • Carbon monoxide-driven reduction of ferric heme and heme proteins. 
  • Cardiac glutaminolysis: a maladaptive cancer metabolism pathway in the right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension. 
  • Cardioprotective role of S-nitrosylated hemoglobin from rbc. 
  • Catabolism of 4-hydroxyacids and 4-hydroxynonenal via 4-hydroxy-4-phosphoacyl-CoAs. 
  • Catalytic scavenging of peroxynitrite by isomeric Mn(III) N-methylpyridylporphyrins in the presence of reductants. 
  • Cell-free hemoglobin reverses the endotoxin-mediated hyporesponsivity of rat aortic rings to alpha-adrenergic agents. 
  • Cellular redox modulator, ortho Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+) in the treatment of brain tumors. 
  • Cerebral bioenergetics and in vivo cytochrome c oxidase redox relationships. 
  • Cerebral cortical microfluorometry at isosbestic wavelengths for correction of vascular artifact. 
  • Cerebrocortical oxygenation and ventilatory response during sustained hypoxia. 
  • Challenges encountered during development of Mn porphyrin-based, potent redox-active drug and superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+, and its alkoxyalkyl analogues. 
  • Changes in cerebral blood volume and cytochrome aa3 during hypertensive peaks in preterm infants. 
  • Characterization of Fe(III) sequestration by an analog of the cytotoxic siderophore brasilibactin A: implications for the iron transport mechanism in mycobacteria. 
  • Characterization of a new model of human prostatic cancer: the multicellular tumor spheroid. 
  • Characterization of a rat type 2 angiotensin II receptor stably expressed in 293 cells. 
  • Characterization of guanosine diphospho-D-mannose dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Structural analysis by limited proteolysis. 
  • Characterization of human alpha 2-macroglobulin monomers obtained by reduction with dithiothreitol. 
  • Characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATP-Interactome using the iTRAQ-SPROX Technique. 
  • Characterization of the aqueous iron(III) chelation chemistry of a potential Trojan Horse antimicrobial agent: chelate structure, stability and pH dependent speciation. 
  • Charting the travels of copper in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. 
  • Chemical aspects of siderophore mediated iron transport. 
  • Chemistry and biology of the molybdenum cofactor. 
  • Chromatographic analysis and decomposition product characterization of compound SR16157 (NSC 732011). 
  • Chronic suppression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 in beta-cells impairs insulin secretion via inhibition of glucose rather than lipid metabolism. 
  • Circadian clock NAD+ cycle drives mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in mice. 
  • Classes of thiols that influence the activity of the skeletal muscle calcium release channel. 
  • Co-regulation of constitutive nitric oxide synthases and NADPH oxidase by the small GTPase Rac. 
  • Colloid chemical approach to nanoelectrode ensembles with highly controllable active area fraction. 
  • Cometabolism of cis-1,2-dichloroethene by aerobic cultures grown on vinyl chloride as the primary substrate. 
  • Compact point-detection fluorescence spectroscopy system for quantifying intrinsic fluorescence redox ratio in brain cancer diagnostics. 
  • Comparative toxicity of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress and DNA damage in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. 
  • Comparison of systemic oxygen delivery and uptake with NIR spectroscopy of brain during normovolemic hemodilution in the rabbit. 
  • Comparison of the effects of methanethiol and sodium sulphide on uterine contractile activity. 
  • Compartmentalized acyl-CoA metabolism in skeletal muscle regulates systemic glucose homeostasis. 
  • Compartmentalized nitrosation and nitration in mitochondria. 
  • Compartmentation of Metabolism of the C12-, C9-, and C5-n-dicarboxylates in Rat Liver, Investigated by Mass Isotopomer Analysis: ANAPLEROSIS FROM DODECANEDIOATE. 
  • Complementation of SOD-deficient Escherichia coli by manganese porphyrin mimics of superoxide dismutase activity. 
  • Complex chemistry and biology of redox-active compounds, commonly known as SOD mimics, affect their therapeutic effects. 
  • Computational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of para-quinone-based inhibitors for redox regulation of the dual-specificity phosphatase Cdc25B. 
  • Concentration-dependent effects of anions on the anaerobic oxidation of hemoglobin and myoglobin. 
  • Concerted O atom-proton transfer in the O-O bond forming step in water oxidation. 
  • Conformation change of horseradish peroxidase in lipid membrane. 
  • Conformational fluctuations in deoxy hemoglobin revealed as a major contributor to anionic modulation of function through studies of the oxygenation and oxidation of hemoglobins A0 and Deer Lodge beta2(NA2)His --> Arg. 
  • Conformationally averaged score functions for electronic propagation in proteins. 
  • Consequences of chemical modifications on the free radical reactions of human hemoglobin. 
  • Construction of a novel redox protein by rational design: conversion of a disulfide bridge into a mononuclear iron-sulfur center. 
  • Conversion between hexagonal GaN and beta-Ga(2)O(3) nanowires and their electrical transport properties. 
  • Converting a maltose receptor into a nascent binuclear copper oxygenase by computational design. 
  • Converting low dose radiation to redox signaling. 
  • Coordination chemistry of copper proteins: how nature handles a toxic cargo for essential function. 
  • Copper as a robust and transparent electrocatalyst for water oxidation. 
  • Coupling coherence distinguishes structure sensitivity in protein electron transfer. 
  • Critical redox and allosteric aspects of nitric oxide interactions with hemoglobin. 
  • Critical role of chromium (Cr)-DNA interactions in the formation of Cr-induced polymerase arresting lesions. 
  • Crystal structure of DMSO reductase: redox-linked changes in molybdopterin coordination. 
  • Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of glutaredoxin 2 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different oxidation states. 
  • Cti6 is an Rpd3-Sin3 histone deacetylase-associated protein required for growth under iron-limiting conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Cupric-amyloid beta peptide complex stimulates oxidation of ascorbate and generation of hydroxyl radical. 
  • Cyanide-induced cytochrome a,a3 oxidation-reduction responses in rat brain in vivo. 
  • Cyclization/hydrosilylation of functionalized 1,6-diynes catalyzed by cationic platinum complexes containing bidentate nitrogen ligands. 
  • Cysteine and glutathione levels in developing rat kidney and liver. 
  • Cysteine-3635 is responsible for skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor modulation by NO. 
  • Cytoprotective effects of proteasome beta5 subunit overexpression in lens epithelial cells. 
  • Cytotoxic effects of Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins in the presence of cellular reductant, ascorbate. 
  • DNA strand breaks following in vitro exposure to asbestos increase with surface-complexed [Fe3+]. 
  • DT diaphorase [NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase] facilitates redox cycling of menadione in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) cytosol. 
  • Deletion of cysteine 369 in lysyl hydroxylase 1 eliminates enzyme activity and causes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. 
  • Dengue virus and autophagy. 
  • Depletion of total antioxidant capacity in type 2 diabetes. 
  • Design and stereoselective preparation of a new class of chiral olefin metathesis catalysts and application to enantioselective synthesis of quebrachamine: catalyst development inspired by natural product synthesis. 
  • Design and synthesis of manganese porphyrins with tailored lipophilicity: investigation of redox properties and superoxide dismutase activity. 
  • Design of Mn porphyrins for treating oxidative stress injuries and their redox-based regulation of cellular transcriptional activities. 
  • Design of bioelectronic interfaces by exploiting hinge-bending motions in proteins. 
  • Design, mechanism of action, bioavailability and therapeutic effects of mn porphyrin-based redox modulators. 
  • Detailed mechanism of the autoxidation of N-hydroxyurea catalyzed by a superoxide dismutase mimic Mn(III) porphyrin: formation of the nitrosylated Mn(II) porphyrin as an intermediate. 
  • Detection of protein S-nitrosylation with the biotin-switch technique. 
  • Development of the lipid-rich core in human atherosclerosis. 
  • Dietary regulation of catabolic disposal of 4-hydroxynonenal analogs in rat liver. 
  • Diethyldithiocarbamate potentiates the effects of protamine sulphate in the isolated rat uterus. 
  • Differences in O2 availability resolve the apparent discrepancies in metabolic intrinsic optical signals in vivo and in vitro. 
  • Differences in brain cytochrome responses to carbon monoxide and cyanide in vivo. 
  • Differences in direct pharmacologic effects and antioxidative properties of mature breast milk and infant formulas. 
  • Differential associations between blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidation, and lipid metabolism with varying forms of coronary atherosclerotic plaque as quantified by coronary CT angiography. 
  • Differential coordination demands in Fe versus Mn water-soluble cationic metalloporphyrins translate into remarkably different aqueous redox chemistry and biology. 
  • Differential localization and potency of manganese porphyrin superoxide dismutase-mimicking compounds in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Differential sympathetic neural control of oxygenation in resting and exercising human skeletal muscle. 
  • Diminished acyl-CoA synthetase isoform 4 activity in INS 832/13 cells reduces cellular epoxyeicosatrienoic acid levels and results in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. 
  • Direct antidiabetic effect of leptin through triglyceride depletion of tissues. 
  • Direct effects of CO on cerebral energy metabolism in bloodless rats. 
  • Direct evaluation of electronic coupling mediated by hydrogen bonds: implications for biological electron transfer. 
  • Discordant extracellular superoxide dismutase expression and activity in neonatal hyperoxic lung. 
  • Discovery of Manassantin A Protein Targets Using Large-Scale Protein Folding and Stability Measurements. 
  • Dissecting the differences between the alpha and beta anomers of the oxidative DNA lesion FaPydG. 
  • Diverse functions of cationic Mn(III) N-substituted pyridylporphyrins, recognized as SOD mimics. 
  • Domain interactions in oxidized and reduced forms of rat liver sulfite oxidase. 
  • Dual targeting of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in cancer and HIV. 
  • Duodenal cytochrome b: a novel ferrireductase in airway epithelial cells. 
  • ELEMENTARY STEPS IN ENZYME REACTIONS (AS STUDIED BY RELAXATION SPECTROMETRY). 
  • ERRα-Regulated Lactate Metabolism Contributes to Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer. 
  • Early development of near-infrared spectroscopy at Duke University. 
  • Effect of chemical modification of dihydrouridine in yeast transfer ribonucleic acid on amino acid acceptor activity and ribosomal binding. 
  • Effect of cystine loading on substrate oxidation by rat renal tubules. 
  • Effect of gamma irradiation on fatty acid oxidation in rat liver slices. 
  • Effect of potent redox-modulating manganese porphyrin, MnTM-2-PyP, on the Na(+)/H(+) exchangers NHE-1 and NHE-3 in the diabetic rat. 
  • Effect of transient hypoxia on oxygenation of the developing rat brain: relationships among haemoglobin saturation, autoregulation of blood flow and mitochondrial redox state. 
  • Effects of age on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during experimental overfeeding in healthy men. 
  • Effects of flavonoids on cytochrome P450-dependent acetaminophen metabolism in rats and human liver microsomes. 
  • Effects of glutathione on chromium-induced DNA crosslinking and DNA polymerase arrest. 
  • Effects of muscle contraction on cytochrome a,a3 redox state. 
  • Effects of oxidized LDL on mononuclear phagocytes: inhibition of induction of four inflammatory cytokine gene RNAs, release of NO, and cytolysis of tumor cells. 
  • Effects of relative hypoglycemia on LTP and NADH imaging in rat hippocampal slices. 
  • Electrically conductive "alkylated" graphene paper via chemical reduction of amine-functionalized graphene oxide paper. 
  • Electrochemical activation of electrodes for amperometric detection of nitric oxide. 
  • Electrode materials for nitric oxide detection. 
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance properties and oxidation-reduction potentials of the molybdenum, flavin, and iron-sulfur centers of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase. 
  • Electron transfer in the photosynthetic reaction center: mechanistic implications of mutagenesis studies. 
  • Electrostatic contribution in the catalysis of O2*- dismutation by superoxide dismutase mimics. MnIIITE-2-PyP5+ versus MnIIIBr8T-2-PyP+. 
  • Elementary steps in the reaction mechanism of chicken liver fatty acid synthase: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate binding and formation and reduction of acetoacetyl-enzyme. 
  • Elementary steps in the reaction mechanism of pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Escherichia coli: kinetics of flavin reduction. 
  • Elucidation of a [4Fe-4S] cluster degradation pathway: rapid kinetic studies of the degradation of Chromatium vinosum HiPIP. 
  • Endogenous protein S-Nitrosylation in E. coli: regulation by OxyR. 
  • Endothelial superoxide production is altered in sheep programmed by early gestation dexamethasone exposure. 
  • Energetics-based methods for protein folding and stability measurements. 
  • Energy metabolism and in vivo cytochrome c oxidase redox relationships in hypoxic rat brain. 
  • Engineering oxidative stability in human hemoglobin based on the Hb providence (βK82D) mutation and genetic cross-linking. 
  • Enhanced catalytic DNAzyme for label-free colorimetric detection of DNA. 
  • Environmental conditions influence the plant functional diversity effect on potential denitrification. 
  • Environmental impacts of the coal ash spill in Kingston, Tennessee: an 18-month survey. 
  • Enzymatically amplified voltammetric sensor for microliter sample volumes of salicylate. 
  • Error-prone replication of oxidatively damaged DNA by a high-fidelity DNA polymerase. 
  • Evidence of a malonyl-CoA-insensitive carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity in red skeletal muscle. 
  • Evolution and biogeography of deep-sea vent and seep invertebrates. 
  • Extracellular iron diminishes anticancer effects of vitamin C: an in vitro study. 
  • Extreme differences between hemoglobins I and II of the clam Lucina pectinalis in their reactions with nitrite. 
  • FOXO1-mediated upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4) decreases glucose oxidation and impairs right ventricular function in pulmonary hypertension: therapeutic benefits of dichloroacetate. 
  • Fatty acid homeostasis and induction of lipid regulatory genes in skeletal muscles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha knock-out mice. Evidence for compensatory regulation by PPAR delta. 
  • Fatty acid oxidation abnormalities in childhood-onset spinal muscular atrophy: primary or secondary defect(s)? 
  • Fatty acid oxidation and insulin action: when less is more. 
  • Ferrostatins inhibit oxidative lipid damage and cell death in diverse disease models. 
  • Flavin interaction in NADPH-sulfite reductase. 
  • Flavin-dependent antioxidant properties of a new series of meso-N,N'-dialkyl-imidazolium substituted manganese(III) porphyrins. 
  • Flow cytometric analysis of nitric oxide production in human neutrophils using dichlorofluorescein diacetate in the presence of a calmodulin inhibitor. 
  • Fluorescence energy transfer between the thiamine diphosphate and flavine adenine dinucleotide binding sites on the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. 
  • Free radicals and antioxidants at a glance using EPR spectroscopy. 
  • Full-electron ligand-to-ligand charge transfer in a compact Re(I) complex. 
  • Functional changes in human leukemic cell line HL-60. A model for myeloid differentiation. 
  • Functional equivalence of monomeric (shark) and dimeric (bovine) cytochrome c oxidase. 
  • Functional evaluation of nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases. 
  • Functional heterogeneity of type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli. 
  • Functional inactivation and structural disruption of human alpha 2-macroglobulin by neutrophils and eosinophils. 
  • Functional studies on crosslinked bovine cytochrome c oxidase. 
  • Further evidence for distinct reactive intermediates from nitroxyl and peroxynitrite: effects of buffer composition on the chemistry of Angeli's salt and synthetic peroxynitrite. 
  • G(s)alpha deficiency in skeletal muscle leads to reduced muscle mass, fiber-type switching, and glucose intolerance without insulin resistance or deficiency. 
  • Gamma-L-glutaminyl-3,4-benzoquinone. Structural studies and enzymatic synthesis. 
  • Genes restoring redox balance in fermentation-deficient E. coli NZN111. 
  • Genetic diversity of coastal bottlenose dolphins revealed by structurally and functionally diverse hemoglobins. 
  • Global analysis of protein folding thermodynamics for disease state characterization. 
  • Glucose down-regulates the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha gene in the pancreatic beta -cell. 
  • Glucose metabolism as a target of histone deacetylase inhibitors. 
  • Glutamate 350 Plays an Essential Role in Conformational Gating of Long-Range Radical Transport in Escherichia coli Class Ia Ribonucleotide Reductase. 
  • Glutathione and zebrafish: Old assays to address a current issue. 
  • Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)-1, but not GPAT4, incorporates newly synthesized fatty acids into triacylglycerol and diminishes fatty acid oxidation. 
  • Glycosylation of KEAP1 links nutrient sensing to redox stress signaling. 
  • Guide for the use of nitric oxide (NO) donors as probes of the chemistry of NO and related redox species in biological systems. 
  • Haptoglobin alters oxygenation and oxidation of hemoglobin and decreases propagation of peroxide-induced oxidative reactions. 
  • Health effects of a mixture of indoor air volatile organics, their ozone oxidation products, and stress. 
  • Heme Oxygenase-1/Carbon Monoxide System and Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation and Maturation into Cardiomyocytes. 
  • Heme proteins and nitric oxide (NO): the neglected, eloquent chemistry in NO redox signaling and regulation. 
  • Heme redox properties of S-nitrosated hemoglobin A0 and hemoglobin S: implications for interactions of nitric oxide with normal and sickle red blood cells. 
  • Heme-assisted S-nitrosation desensitizes ferric soluble guanylate cyclase to nitric oxide. 
  • Hemoglobin Abruzzo (beta143 (H21) His replaced by Arg). Consequences of altering the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding site. 
  • Hemoglobin S-nitrosylation plays an essential role in cardioprotection. 
  • Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs): structural alterations that affect free radical generation. 
  • Hemoglobin-induced endothelial cell permeability is controlled, in part, via a myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88-dependent signaling mechanism. 
  • Hepatic mTORC1 Opposes Impaired Insulin Action to Control Mitochondrial Metabolism in Obesity. 
  • Hepatic sulfite oxidase. Identification of the molybdenum center as the site of irreversible inactivation by ferricyanide. 
  • Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha mediates redox sensitivity of inducible nitric-oxide synthase gene transcription. 
  • High lipophilicity of meta Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrin-based superoxide dismutase mimics compensates for their lower antioxidant potency and makes them as effective as ortho analogues in protecting superoxide dismutase-deficient Escherichia coli. 
  • Homeostatic imbalance of purine catabolism in first-episode neuroleptic-naïve patients with schizophrenia. 
  • How can a single second sphere amino acid substitution cause reduction midpoint potential changes of hundreds of millivolts? 
  • Human alveolar and peritoneal macrophages mediate fungistasis independently of L-arginine oxidation to nitrite or nitrate. 
  • Human longevity and variation in GH/IGF-1/insulin signaling, DNA damage signaling and repair and pro/antioxidant pathway genes: cross sectional and longitudinal studies. 
  • Hydrogen peroxide in adaptation. 
  • Hypothesis: iron chelation plays a vital role in neutrophilic inflammation. 
  • Hypothesis: is lung disease after silicate inhalation caused by oxidant generation? 
  • Identification and quantification of regioisomeric cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxides in oxidized human low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. 
  • Identification of a novel malonyl-CoA IC(50) for CPT-I: implications for predicting in vivo fatty acid oxidation rates. 
  • Impact of electrostatics in redox modulation of oxidative stress by Mn porphyrins: protection of SOD-deficient Escherichia coli via alternative mechanism where Mn porphyrin acts as a Mn carrier. 
  • Impact of nitric-oxide-mediated vasodilation and oxidative stress on renal medullary oxygenation: a modeling study. 
  • Impaired systemic tetrahydrobiopterin bioavailability and increased oxidized biopterins in pediatric falciparum malaria: association with disease severity. 
  • Important cellular targets for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. 
  • In Vivo Determination of Mitochondrial Function Using Luciferase-Expressing Caenorhabditis elegans: Contribution of Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, and Fatty Acid Oxidation to Toxicant-Induced Dysfunction. 
  • In vitro binding of [14C]2,5-hexanedione to rat neuronal cytoskeletal proteins. 
  • In vitro reconstitution of demolybdosulfite oxidase by molybdate. 
  • In vivo modulation of norepinephrine-induced cerebral oxygenation states by hypoxia and hyperoxia. 
  • Inappropriately chelated iron in the cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. 
  • Inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes. 
  • Inhibition of NF-kappa B and oxidative pathways in human dendritic cells by antioxidative vitamins generates regulatory T cells. 
  • Inhibition of pyruvate kinase M2 by reactive oxygen species contributes to cellular antioxidant responses. 
  • Inhibition of the Continuum of Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Injury by a Redox-Active Mn Porphyrin. 
  • Integrated Regulation of Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism by Adipose Triacylglycerol Lipase and FoxO Proteins. 
  • Inter-relations between 3-hydroxypropionate and propionate metabolism in rat liver: relevance to disorders of propionyl-CoA metabolism. 
  • Interaction of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with beef heart s-malate dehydrogenase. 
  • Interactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides with varied states and forms of hemoglobin. 
  • Interhemispheric synchrony of slow oscillations of cortical blood volume and cytochrome aa3 redox state in unanesthetized rabbits. 
  • Internal electron transfer between hemes and Cu(II) bound at cysteine beta93 promotes methemoglobin reduction by carbon monoxide. 
  • Interrelations between C4 ketogenesis, C5 ketogenesis, and anaplerosis in the perfused rat liver. 
  • Intracellular reduction of selenite into glutathione peroxidase. Evidence for involvement of NADPH and not glutathione as the reductant. 
  • Intralysosomal iron induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin D-mediated cell death in trabecular meshwork cells exposed to oxidative stress. 
  • Intraocular pressure effects on optic nerve-head oxidative metabolism measured in vivo. 
  • Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the electrochemical inhibition of barnacle (Amphibalanus amphitrite) settlement. 
  • Iron chelation equilibria, redox, and siderophore activity of a saccharide platform ferrichrome analogue. 
  • Isolation from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus and chemical synthesis of gamma-L-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene. 
  • Kinetic and nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction of NADP+ and NADPH with chicken liver fatty acid synthase. 
  • Kinetic mechanism of quinone oxidoreductase 2 and its inhibition by the antimalarial quinolines. 
  • Kinetics of allosteric enzymes. 
  • Kinetics of reduction of cytochrome c oxidase by dithionite and the effect of hydrogen peroxide. 
  • L-glutamine supplementation of a high fat diet reduces body weight and attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in C57BL/6J mice. 
  • LC/MS analysis of cardiolipins in substantia nigra and plasma of rotenone-treated rats: Implication for mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. 
  • Large Cellular Inclusions Accumulate in Arabidopsis Roots Exposed to Low-Sulfur Conditions. 
  • Leptin opposes insulin's effects on fatty acid partitioning in muscles isolated from obese ob/ob mice. 
  • Leucine metabolism during fasting and exercise. 
  • Lipid membrane immobilized horseradish peroxidase biosensor for amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. 
  • Lipid-induced metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle. 
  • Lipids Reprogram Metabolism to Become a Major Carbon Source for Histone Acetylation. 
  • Lipophilicity of potent porphyrin-based antioxidants: comparison of ortho and meta isomers of Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins. 
  • Liver-specific loss of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1 decreases triacylglycerol synthesis and beta-oxidation and alters phospholipid fatty acid composition. 
  • Long-term neuroprotection from a potent redox-modulating metalloporphyrin in the rat. 
  • Long-term transformation and fate of manufactured ag nanoparticles in a simulated large scale freshwater emergent wetland. 
  • Longitudinal optical imaging of tumor metabolism and hemodynamics. 
  • Los Angeles student nurse study. Daily symptom reporting and photochemical oxidants. 
  • Low-frequency oscillations of cortical oxidative metabolism in waking and sleep. 
  • Lucigenin: redox potential in aqueous media and redox cycling with O-(2) production. 
  • MIBG inhibits respiration: potential for radio- and hyperthermic sensitization. 
  • Maintenance of nitric oxide and redox homeostasis by the salmonella flavohemoglobin hmp. 
  • Manganese (III) meso-tetrakis N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl porphyrin acts as a pro-oxidant to inhibit electron transport chain proteins, modulate bioenergetics, and enhance the response to chemotherapy in lymphoma cells. 
  • Manganese porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP5+, Acts as a pro-oxidant to potentiate glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in lymphoma cells. 
  • Manganese porphyrins and related compounds as mimics of superoxide dismutase. 
  • Manganese(III) biliverdin IX dimethyl ester: a powerful catalytic scavenger of superoxide employing the Mn(III)/Mn(IV) redox couple. 
  • Manganese-based superoxide dismutase mimics modify both acute and long-term outcome severity in a Drosophila melanogaster model of classic galactosemia. 
  • Manganese-porphyrin reactions with lipids and lipoproteins. 
  • Mapping staphylococcal nuclease conformation using an EDTA-Fe derivative attached to genetically engineered cysteine residues. 
  • Mass spectrometry-based thermal shift assay for protein-ligand binding analysis. 
  • Measurement of fatty acid oxidation rates in animal tissues and cell lines. 
  • Measurements of secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of cycloalkenes, terpenes, and m-xylene using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer. 
  • Mechanism of covalent modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase at its active site thiol by nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and related nitrosating agents. 
  • Mechanism of hypochlorite-mediated inactivation of proteinase inhibition by alpha 2-macroglobulin. 
  • Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 
  • Mechanisms of inactivation of molybdoenzymes by cyanide. 
  • Mechanisms of redox interactions of bilirubin with copper and the effects of penicillamine. 
  • Mechanistic insights into the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by glycidamide in human mammary cells. 
  • Melatonin increases survival and inhibits oxidative and amyloid pathology in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Metabolic control by sirtuins and other enzymes that sense NAD+, NADH, or their ratio. 
  • Metabolic regulation of Akt: roles reversed. 
  • Metabolism of levulinate in perfused rat livers and live rats: conversion to the drug of abuse 4-hydroxypentanoate. 
  • Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Differentially Elevated in Heart Failure With Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction: Evidence for Shared Metabolic Impairments in Clinical Heart Failure. 
  • Metabolomic analysis reveals altered skeletal muscle amino acid and fatty acid handling in obese humans. 
  • Metabolomics-assisted proteomics identifies succinylation and SIRT5 as important regulators of cardiac function. 
  • Metal-catalyzed nitrogen-atom transfer methods for the oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds. 
  • Metalloporphyrins are potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. 
  • Metalloporphyrins as therapeutic catalytic oxidoreductants in central nervous system disorders. 
  • Methamphetamine toxicity is attenuated in mice that overexpress human manganese superoxide dismutase. 
  • Methionine motifs of copper transport proteins provide general and flexible thioether-only binding sites for Cu(I) and Ag(I). 
  • Methionine oxidation of monomeric lambda repressor: the denatured state ensemble under nondenaturing conditions. 
  • Methionine sulfoxide and the oxidative regulation of plasma proteinase inhibitors. 
  • Methoxy-derivatization of alkyl chains increases the in vivo efficacy of cationic Mn porphyrins. Synthesis, characterization, SOD-like activity, and SOD-deficient E. coli study of meta Mn(III) N-methoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins. 
  • Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Has a Protumorigenic Role in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. 
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance: a matter of lifestyle? 
  • Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 is essential in liver for the metabolism of excess acyl-CoAs. 
  • Mitochondrial metabolism sets the maximal limit of fuel-stimulated insulin secretion in a model pancreatic beta cell: a survey of four fuel secretagogues. 
  • Mitochondrial overload and incomplete fatty acid oxidation contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. 
  • Mitochondrial transcription factor A induction by redox activation of nuclear respiratory factor 1. 
  • Mn porphyrin in combination with ascorbate acts as a pro-oxidant and mediates caspase-independent cancer cell death. 
  • Modular isotopomer synthesis of γ-hydroxybutyric acid for a quantitative analysis of metabolic fates. 
  • Molecular controls of the oxygenation and redox reactions of hemoglobin. 
  • Molybdopterin in carbon monoxide oxidase from carboxydotrophic bacteria. 
  • Mouse cardiac acyl coenzyme a synthetase 1 deficiency impairs Fatty Acid oxidation and induces cardiac hypertrophy. 
  • Multiple sclerosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. 
  • Muscle-Specific Overexpression of PGC-1α Does Not Augment Metabolic Improvements in Response to Exercise and Caloric Restriction. 
  • N-Heterocyclic carbene catalyzed oxidative macrolactonization: total synthesis of (+)-dactylolide. 
  • NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 is essential for ozone-induced oxidative stress in mice and humans. 
  • NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 regulates neutrophil elastase-induced mucous cell metaplasia. 
  • NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide production by phagocytic vesicles from guinea pig and human granulocytes. 
  • NADH fluorescence and [K+]o changes during hippocampal electrical stimulation. 
  • NADH hyperoxidation correlates with enhanced susceptibility of aged rats to hypoxia. 
  • NADPH oxidase 4: walking the walk with Poldip2. 
  • NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 regulates host susceptibility to ozone via isoprostane generation. 
  • NO/redox disequilibrium in the failing heart and cardiovascular system. 
  • Nascent nitrosylases. 
  • Near infrared spectroscopy: in situ studies of skeletal and cardiac muscle. 
  • Near-infrared excited state dynamics of melanins: the effects of iron content, photo-damage, chemical oxidation, and aggregate size. 
  • Neurobehavioral radiation mitigation to standard brain cancer therapy regimens by Mn(III) n-butoxyethylpyridylporphyrin-based redox modifier. 
  • Neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and redox congeners. 
  • New approach to the activation of anti-cancer pro-drugs by metalloporphyrin-based cytochrome P450 mimics in all-aqueous biologically relevant system. 
  • New class of potent catalysts of O2.-dismutation. Mn(III) ortho-methoxyethylpyridyl- and di-ortho-methoxyethylimidazolylporphyrins. 
  • New insights into the proton-dependent oxygen affinity of Root effect haemoglobins. 
  • Nitric oxide and differential effects of ATP on mitochondrial permeability transition. 
  • Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response. 
  • Nitric oxide and redox regulation in the liver: Part I. General considerations and redox biology in hepatitis. 
  • Nitric oxide and redox regulation in the liver: part II. Redox biology in pathologic hepatocytes and implications for intervention. 
  • Nitric oxide binding to human ferrihemoglobins cross-linked between either alpha or beta subunits. 
  • Nitric oxide in the central nervous system. 
  • Nitric oxide, NOC-12, and S-nitrosoglutathione modulate the skeletal muscle calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor by different mechanisms. An allosteric function for O2 in S-nitrosylation of the channel. 
  • Nitric-oxide synthase forms N-NO-pterin and S-NO-cys: implications for activity, allostery, and regulation. 
  • Nitric-oxide synthase output state. Design and properties of nitric-oxide synthase oxygenase/FMN domain constructs. 
  • Nitrofurantoin-stimulated superoxide production by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) hepatic microsomal and soluble fractions. 
  • Nitrosation and oxidation in the regulation of gene expression. 
  • Nitrosative stress: activation of the transcription factor OxyR. 
  • Nitrosylation. the prototypic redox-based signaling mechanism. 
  • Nonequivalence of the flavin adenine dinucleotide moieties of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase. 
  • Noninvasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation in preterm infants: preliminary observations. 
  • Normal skeletal muscle Na(+)-K(+) pump concentration in patients with chronic heart failure. 
  • Novel role of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in AIFm2-mediated mitochondrial stress signaling. 
  • Nox4 NADPH oxidase: emerging from the veil of darkness. 
  • Nox4 mediates TGF-beta1-induced retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, proliferation, and hypertrophy in human airway smooth muscle cells. 
  • Nrf2 promotes alveolar mitochondrial biogenesis and resolution of lung injury in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in mice. 
  • O2 dependence of in vivo brain cytochrome redox responses and energy metabolism in bloodless rats. 
  • On the reaction of ferric heme proteins with nitrite and sulfite. 
  • Operational aspects of the desulfurization process of energy gases mimics in biotrickling filters. 
  • Opioid use affects antioxidant activity and purine metabolism: preliminary results. 
  • Organ protective mechanisms common to extremes of physiology: a window through hibernation biology. 
  • Orthogonal properties of the redox siblings nitroxyl and nitric oxide in the cardiovascular system: a novel redox paradigm. 
  • Orthogonal site-specific protein modification by engineering reversible thiol protection mechanisms. 
  • Overexpression of VMAT-2 and DT-diaphorase protects substantia nigra-derived cells against aminochrome neurotoxicity. 
  • Overexpression of a modified human malonyl-CoA decarboxylase blocks the glucose-induced increase in malonyl-CoA level but has no impact on insulin secretion in INS-1-derived (832/13) beta-cells. 
  • Overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase protects mice from radiation-induced lung injury. 
  • Oxalate deposition on asbestos bodies. 
  • Oxidant generation promotes iron sequestration in BEAS-2B cells exposed to asbestos. 
  • Oxidation of molybdopterin in sulfite oxidase by ferricyanide. Effect on electron transfer activities. 
  • Oxidation of phenazine methosulfate by hepatic aldehyde oxidase. 
  • Oxidation potentials of human eumelanosomes and pheomelanosomes. 
  • Oxidative DNA damage during night shift work. 
  • Oxidative DNA damage during sleep periods among nightshift workers. 
  • Oxidative DNA damage induced by high glucose and its suppression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 
  • Oxidative and nonoxidative macronutrient disposal in lean and obese men after mixed meals. 
  • Oxidative dissociation of human alpha 2-macroglobulin tetramers into dysfunctional dimers. 
  • Oxidative iron species and ocean challenges: a perspective. 
  • Oxidative metabolism during recurrent seizures in the penicillin treated hippocampus. 
  • Oxidative metabolism in rat hepatocytes and mitochondria during sepsis. 
  • Oxidative modifications in nitrosative stress. 
  • Oxidative phenotype protects myofibers from pathological insults induced by chronic heart failure in mice. 
  • Oxidative stress activates anion exchange protein 2 and AP-1 in airway epithelial cells. 
  • Oxidative stress-induced expression and modulation of Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-1 (PRL-1) in mammalian retina. 
  • Oxidized alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) differentially regulates receptor binding by cytokines/growth factors: implications for tissue injury and repair mechanisms in inflammation. 
  • Oxidized dimeric Scapharca inaequivalvis. Co-driven perturbation of the redox equilibrium. 
  • Oxidized low density lipoprotein suppresses activation of NF kappa B in macrophages via a pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling mechanism. 
  • OxyR: a molecular code for redox-related signaling. 
  • Oxygen binding to partially nitrosylated hemoglobin. 
  • Oxygen flux analysis to understand the biological function of sirtuins. 
  • Oxygen toxicity and iron accumulation in the lungs of mice lacking heme oxygenase-2. 
  • Oxygen-containing functional groups on single-wall carbon nanotubes: NEXAFS and vibrational spectroscopic studies. 
  • Oxygen-coupled redox regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca2+ release channel by NADPH oxidase 4. 
  • Oxygen-coupled redox regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel (RyR1): sites and nature of oxidative modification. 
  • Oxylipid Profile of Low-Dose Aspirin Exposure: A Pharmacometabolomics Study. 
  • PPAR alpha ligand protects during cisplatin-induced acute renal failure by preventing inhibition of renal FAO and PDC activity. 
  • Painting proteins with covalent labels: what's in the picture? 
  • Pathogenic Mutations Induce Partial Structural Changes in the Native β-Sheet Structure of Transthyretin and Accelerate Aggregation. 
  • Pathways of folding of reduced bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. 
  • Peroxide-mediated chromatin remodelling of a nuclear factor kappa B site in the mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter. 
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha overexpression increases lipid oxidation in myocytes from extremely obese individuals. 
  • Peroxynitrite flux-mediated LDL oxidation is inhibited by manganese porphyrins in the presence of uric acid. 
  • Peroxynitrite formation in nitric oxide-exposed submitochondrial particles: detection, oxidative damage and catalytic removal by Mn-porphyrins. 
  • Pharmacokinetics of the potent redox-modulating manganese porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP(5+), in plasma and major organs of B6C3F1 mice. 
  • Phosphoaspirin (MDC-43), a novel benzyl ester of aspirin, inhibits the growth of human cancer cell lines more potently than aspirin: a redox-dependent effect. 
  • Photoinduced electron transfer between the Rieske iron-sulfur protein and cytochrome c(1) in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome bc(1) complex. Effects of pH, temperature, and driving force. 
  • Physical constraints on charge transport through bacterial nanowires. 
  • Pigment formation from L-tryptophan by a particulate fraction from an Achromobacter species. 
  • Plant immunity requires conformational changes [corrected] of NPR1 via S-nitrosylation and thioredoxins. 
  • Plant metabolism: where are all those pathways leading us? 
  • Plasma acylcarnitine profiling indicates increased fatty acid oxidation relative to tricarboxylic acid cycle capacity in young, healthy low birth weight men. 
  • Plasma acylcarnitines during insulin stimulation in humans are reflective of age-related metabolic dysfunction. 
  • Plasma selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase. Cell of origin and secretion. 
  • Polyethylene glycol modification of serpins improves therapeutic potential. 
  • Polysaccharide elasticity governed by chair-boat transitions of the glucopyranose ring. 
  • Post-illumination cellular effects of photodynamic treatment. 
  • Posttranslational modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by S-nitrosylation and subsequent NADH attachment. 
  • Potassium, neuroglia, and oxidative metabolism in central gray matter. 
  • Potentiometric, electronic structural, and ground- and excited-state optical properties of conjugated bis[(porphinato)zinc(II)] compounds featuring proquinoidal spacer units. 
  • Prevention of H2O2 generation by monoamine oxidase protects against CNS O2 toxicity. 
  • Prochelators triggered by hydrogen peroxide provide hexadentate iron coordination to impede oxidative stress. 
  • Production of congenital malformations using tissueantisera. 8. Effectiveness of reduced, alkylated and digested anti-kidney antibodies. 
  • Properties of the prosthetic groups of rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase: a comparison of molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes. 
  • Protective effect of vitamin E on exercise-induced oxidative damage in young and older adults. 
  • Protective role of ortho-substituted Mn(III) N-alkylpyridylporphyrins against the oxidative injury induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide. 
  • Protein S-nitrosylation: purview and parameters. 
  • Protein denitrosylation: enzymatic mechanisms and cellular functions. 
  • Protein nitration is mediated by heme and free metals through Fenton-type chemistry: an alternative to the NO/O2- reaction. 
  • Protein phosphorylation and intermolecular electron transfer: a joint experimental and computational study of a hormone biosynthesis pathway. 
  • Protein structure plays a critical role in peanut allergen stability and may determine immunodominant IgE-binding epitopes. 
  • Proteomic and Biochemical Studies of Lysine Malonylation Suggest Its Malonic Aciduria-associated Regulatory Role in Mitochondrial Function and Fatty Acid Oxidation. 
  • Proteomic identification of specific oxidized proteins in ApoE-knockout mice: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Proton NMR of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase: studies of the heme protein subunit with added ligands. 
  • Purification and properties of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase. 
  • Purification and properties of xanthine dehydroganase from Micrococcus lactilyticus. 
  • Purification of a naturally produced, low molecular weight organic factor that reversibly blocks encystment of Blastocladiella emersonii zoospores. 
  • Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase constitute an energy-consuming redox circuit. 
  • Quality of potent Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics and peroxynitrite scavengers for pre-clinical mechanistic/therapeutic purposes. 
  • Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Method Combined with Hybrid All-Atom and Coarse-Grained Model: Theory and Application on Redox Potential Calculations. 
  • Receptor-selective coactivators as tools to define the biology of specific receptor-coactivator pairs. 
  • Recovery of cerebral metabolism and mitochondrial oxidation state is delayed after hypothermic circulatory arrest. 
  • Redox activation of intracellular calcium release channels (ryanodine receptors) in the sustained phase of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. 
  • Redox changes of cultured endothelial cells and actin dynamics. 
  • Redox modulation of L-type calcium channels in ferret ventricular myocytes. Dual mechanism regulation by nitric oxide and S-nitrosothiols. 
  • Redox modulation of oxidative stress by Mn porphyrin-based therapeutics: the effect of charge distribution. 
  • Redox pioneer: Professor Stuart A. Lipton. 
  • Redox potential determines the reaction mechanism of HNO donors with Mn and Fe porphyrins: defining the better traps. 
  • Redox potentials of Ti(IV) and Fe(III) complexes provide insights into titanium biodistribution mechanisms. 
  • Redox properties of cytochrome oxidase and vascular reactivity of astrocytomas and neuroblastomas in vivo. 
  • Redox properties of human hemoglobin in complex with fractionated dimeric and polymeric human haptoglobin. 
  • Redox properties of human transferrin bound to its receptor. 
  • Redox proteomic identification of HNE-bound mitochondrial proteins in cardiac tissues reveals a systemic effect on energy metabolism after doxorubicin treatment. 
  • Redox redux. 
  • Redox regulation of mammalian heat shock factor 1 is essential for Hsp gene activation and protection from stress. 
  • Redox regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. 
  • Redox regulation of mitophagy in the lung during murine Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. 
  • Redox regulation of neuronal migration in a Down Syndrome model. 
  • Redox regulation of the rat hepatocyte iNOS promoter. 
  • Redox rhythm reinforces the circadian clock to gate immune response. 
  • Redox state, NMDA receptors and NO-related species. 
  • Redox therapy in neonatal sepsis: reasons, targets, strategy, and agents. 
  • Redox-based regulation of signal transduction: principles, pitfalls, and promises. 
  • Redox-mediated upregulation of hepatocyte iNOS transcription requires coactivator PC4. 
  • Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-sulfite reductase of enterobacteria. IV. The Escherichia coli hemoflavoprotein: subunit structure and dissociation into hemoprotein and flavoprotein components. 
  • Reduced thiols and the effect of intravenous nitroglycerin on platelet aggregation. 
  • Reduction of hexavalent chromium by fasted and fed human gastric fluid. II. Ex vivo gastric reduction modeling. 
  • Reduction of manganese porphyrins by flavoenzymes and submitochondrial particles: a catalytic cycle for the reduction of peroxynitrite. 
  • Regulation of alternative oxidase activity in six wild monocotyledonous species. An in vivo study at the whole root level. 
  • Regulation of alternative oxidase kinetics by pyruvate and intermolecular disulfide bond redox status in soybean seedling mitochondria. 
  • Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and its intersection with inflammatory responses. 
  • Regulation of mitochondrial processes by protein S-nitrosylation. 
  • Regulation of ryanodine receptors by reactive nitrogen species. 
  • Regulation of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria. Identification of the cysteine residue involved in alpha-keto acid stimulation and intersubunit disulfide bond formation. 
  • Relationship between dietary retinol and lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium. 
  • Relationships between in vivo and in vitro measurements of metabolism in young and old human calf muscles. 
  • Relevance of the ability of fructose 1,6-bis(phosphate) to sequester ferrous but not ferric ions. 
  • Responses of normal and sickle cell hemoglobin to S-nitroscysteine: implications for therapeutic applications of NO in treatment of sickle cell disease. 
  • Reversal of carbon monoxide-cytochrome c oxidase binding by hyperbaric oxygen in vivo. 
  • Robust rat pulmonary radioprotection by a lipophilic Mn N-alkylpyridylporphyrin, MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+). 
  • Role of NAD+ and mitochondrial sirtuins in cardiac and renal diseases. 
  • Role of antioxidant enzymes in the induction of increased experimental metastasis by hydroxyurea. 
  • Role of conserved tyrosine 343 in intramolecular electron transfer in human sulfite oxidase. 
  • Role of flavin-containing monooxygenase in oxidative metabolism of voriconazole by human liver microsomes. 
  • Role of nucleobase energetics and nucleobase interactions in single-stranded peptide nucleic acid charge transfer. 
  • Routes to S-nitroso-hemoglobin formation with heme redox and preferential reactivity in the beta subunits. 
  • S-nitrosothiols in the blood: roles, amounts, and methods of analysis. 
  • S-nitrosylation in health and disease. 
  • S-nitrosylation-induced conformational change in blackfin tuna myoglobin. 
  • SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation by reversible enzyme deacetylation. 
  • SIRT4 coordinates the balance between lipid synthesis and catabolism by repressing malonyl CoA decarboxylase. 
  • SIRT5 regulates the mitochondrial lysine succinylome and metabolic networks. 
  • SOD therapeutics: latest insights into their structure-activity relationships and impact on the cellular redox-based signaling pathways. 
  • Screening for nitric oxide-dependent protein-protein interactions. 
  • Selenium speciation in coal ash spilled at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston site. 
  • Separation of promethazine and thioridazine using capillary electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection. 
  • Sequence proximity between Cu(II) and Cu(I) binding sites of human copper transporter 1 model peptides defines reactivity with ascorbate and O2. 
  • Ser70 phosphorylation of Bcl-2 by selective tyrosine nitration of PP2A-B56δ stabilizes its antiapoptotic activity. 
  • Serine, glycine and one-carbon units: cancer metabolism in full circle. 
  • Serine/threonine phosphorylation regulates HNF-4alpha-dependent redox-mediated iNOS expression in hepatocytes. 
  • Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency in mice. 
  • Short-term effects of dietary fatty acids on muscle lipid composition and serum acylcarnitine profile in human subjects. 
  • Signaling by nonreceptor surface-mediated redox-active biomolecules. 
  • Similarities between inorganic sulfide and the strong Hg(II)-complexing ligands in municipal wastewater effluent. 
  • Simultaneous monitoring of tissue PO2 and NADH fluorescence during synaptic stimulation and spreading depression reveals a transient dissociation between oxygen utilization and mitochondrial redox state in rat hippocampal slices. 
  • Single-cell redox imaging demonstrates a distinctive response of dopaminergic neurons to oxidative insults. 
  • Singlet oxygen and superoxide dismutase (cuprein). 
  • Sirt3 regulates metabolic flexibility of skeletal muscle through reversible enzymatic deacetylation. 
  • Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) protein regulates long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by deacetylating conserved lysines near the active site. 
  • Sirtuin 5 is required for mouse survival in response to cardiac pressure overload. 
  • Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) regulates skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin signaling via altered mitochondrial oxidation and reactive oxygen species production. 
  • Skeletal muscle Nur77 expression enhances oxidative metabolism and substrate utilization. 
  • Skeletal muscle oxygen availability during respiratory acid-base disturbances in cats. 
  • Small molecule-induced oxidation of protein disulfide isomerase is neuroprotective. 
  • Soft-lithographic approach to functionalization and nanopatterning oxide-free silicon. 
  • Solution NMR studies of the A beta(1-40) and A beta(1-42) peptides establish that the Met35 oxidation state affects the mechanism of amyloid formation. 
  • Some sources of error in the Akerfeldt test for serum oxidative activity. 
  • Spectroelectrochemistry of heme proteins: effects of active-site heterogeneity on Nernst plots. 
  • Spectrophotometry of b-type cytochromes in rat brain in vivo and in vitro. 
  • Spectroscopic studies of the molybdenum-containing dimethyl sulfoxide reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans. 
  • Spontaneous re-aggregation of IgM subunits and restoration of antibody activity after reduction and alkylation of rabbit anti-Forssman antibody. 
  • Stability of metal-glutathione complexes during oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and Cu(II)-catalysis. 
  • Stability of oxidized Escherichia coli thioredoxin and its dependence on protonation of the aspartic acid residue in the 26 position. 
  • Stable isotope labeling strategy for protein-ligand binding analysis in multi-component protein mixtures. 
  • Staphylococcus aureus sortase A contributes to the Trojan horse mechanism of immune defense evasion with its intrinsic resistance to Cys184 oxidation. 
  • Stereochemistry of the reactions catalyzed by chicken liver fatty acid synthase. 
  • Stereoselective synthesis of 2,6-cis-tetrahydropyrans through a tandem allylic oxidation/oxa-Michael reaction promoted by the gem-disubstituent effect: synthesis of (+)-neopeltolide macrolactone. 
  • Stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydrofuran lignans via BF(3) x OEt(2)-promoted reductive deoxygenation/epimerization of cyclic hemiketal: synthesis of (-)-odoratisol C, (-)-futokadsurin A, (-)-veraguensin, (+)-fragransin A(2), (+)-galbelgin, and (+)-talaumidin. 
  • Steric factors moderate conformational fluidity and contribute to the high proton sensitivity of Root effect hemoglobins. 
  • Strain variation in composition and molecular size of the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A. 
  • Structural and functional properties of cytochrome c oxidases isolated from sharks. 
  • Structural and metabolic relationship between the molybdenum cofactor and urothione. 
  • Structural and pH dependence of excited state PCET reactions involving reductive quenching of the MLCT excited state of [RuII(bpy)2(bpz)]2+ by hydroquinones. 
  • Structural basis of multifunctional bovine mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex. 
  • Structural characterization of a molybdopterin precursor. 
  • Structure and mechanism of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase. 
  • Structure, function, and assembly in the hemocyanin system of the scorpion, Androctonus australis. 
  • Structure-activity relationships of arylalkyl isothiocyanates for the inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone metabolism and the modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rats and mice. 
  • Studies of the copper and heme cofactors of pseudomonad L-tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. 
  • Studies on photosystem I. Characteristics of "310 material" isolated from spinach chloroplasts. 
  • Studies on photosystem I. I. Relationship of plastocyanin, cytochrome f and P700. 
  • Studies on photosystem I. II. Involvement of ferredoxin in cyclic electron flow. 
  • Subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria play distinct roles in regulating skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism. 
  • Subunit structure of fragment D from fibrinogen and cross-linked fibrin. 
  • Sulfoxide-containing aromatic nitrogen mustards as hypoxia-directed bioreductive cytotoxins. 
  • Supercritical water oxidation of a model fecal sludge without the use of a co-fuel. 
  • Superoxide-dependent iron uptake: a new role for anion exchange protein 2. 
  • Superoxidized states of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase heme protein subunit. 
  • Supraspinal inactivation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase is a source of peroxynitrite in the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance. 
  • Syncatalytic modification of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase by hydrogen peroxide. The nature of the reaction. 
  • Synthesis and characterization of a ruthenium(II)-based redox conjugate for reagentless biosensing. 
  • Synthesis and in vitro antioxidant properties of manganese(III) beta-octabromo-meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin. 
  • Synthesis of oxidation-resistant cupronickel nanowires for transparent conducting nanowire networks. 
  • Synthesis of α,α'-trans-oxepanes through an organocatalytic oxa-conjugate addition reaction. 
  • Systemic markers of oxidative status and colorectal adenomatous polyps. 
  • TRPV4 activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase resists nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by blocking CYP2E1-mediated redox toxicity. 
  • TXNIP links redox circuitry to glucose control. 
  • Targeted metabolomics connects thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) to mitochondrial fuel selection and regulation of specific oxidoreductase enzymes in skeletal muscle. 
  • Targeting lactate-fueled respiration selectively kills hypoxic tumor cells in mice. 
  • Temporal sequence and spatial distribution of early events of fertilization in single sea urchin eggs. 
  • Ternary complex formation facilitates a redox mechanism for iron release from a siderophore. 
  • Tetrahydrobiopterin rapidly reduces the SOD mimic Mn(III) ortho-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin. 
  • The Development of a Xenograft-Derived Scaffold for Tendon and Ligament Reconstruction Using a Decellularization and Oxidation Protocol. 
  • The active site of the cyanide-resistant oxidase from plant mitochondria contains a binuclear iron center. 
  • The arterial wall and the atherosclerotic lesion. 
  • The binding of receptor-recognized alpha2-macroglobulin to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and the alpha2M signaling receptor is decoupled by oxidation. 
  • The case of the missing NO-hemoglobin: spectral changes suggestive of heme redox reactions reflect changes in NO-heme geometry. 
  • The consequences of enhanced cell-autonomous glucose metabolism. 
  • The cyanide-resistant alternative oxidases from the fungi Pichia stipitis and Neurospora crassa are monomeric and lack regulatory features of the plant enzyme. 
  • The decomposition of thionitrites. 
  • The effect of an EDTA-based chelation regimen on patients with diabetes mellitus and prior myocardial infarction in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT). 
  • The effect of detergents on the reduction of tetrazolium salts. 
  • The effect of plasmin on the subunit structure of human fibrin. 
  • The final touches make perfect the peptide-MHC class I repertoire. 
  • The impact of human and mouse differences in NOS2 gene expression on the brain's redox and immune environment. 
  • The importance of binding energy in catalysis of hydride transfer by UDP-galactose 4-epimerase: a 13C and 15N NMR and kinetic study. 
  • The interplay of prolactin and the glucocorticoids in the regulation of beta-cell gene expression, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: implications for carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. 
  • The mechanism of discrimination between oxidized and reduced coenzyme in the aldehyde dehydrogenase domain of Aldh1l1. 
  • The mechanisms of inactivation of sulfite oxidase by periodate and arsenite. 
  • The multifunctional Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) regulates arteriogenesis in a mouse model of flow-mediated remodeling. 
  • The nature and regulation of the alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria. 
  • The nature of the axial ligands of spinach cytochrome. 
  • The ortho effect makes manganese(III) meso-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin a powerful and potentially useful superoxide dismutase mimic. 
  • The oxidation of sulphite in animals systems. 
  • The oxidative activity of blood serum in schizophrenic and manic-depressive psychoses. 
  • The phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) by engineered surfaces with electrostatically or covalently immobilized VEGF. 
  • The potential physiological implications of polygalacturonic acid-mediated production of superoxide. 
  • The pterin of the molybdenum cofactor. 
  • The reaction of methionine with hydroxyl radical: reactive intermediates and methanethiol production. 
  • The redox hypothesis in siderophore-mediated iron uptake. 
  • The release of iron from different asbestos structures by hydrogen peroxide with concomitant O2 generation. 
  • The role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. 
  • The role of tandem mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of fatty acid oxidation disorders. 
  • The role of the supernumerary subunit of Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome bc1 complex. 
  • The site of the redox-linked proton pump in eukaryotic cytochrome c oxidases. 
  • The skeletal muscle calcium release channel: coupled O2 sensor and NO signaling functions. 
  • The state of reduction of molybdopterin in xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase. 
  • The subunit structures of human plasma and platelet factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor). 
  • The subunits in rabbit anti-Forssman IgM antibody. 
  • The surface oxidation potential of human neuromelanin reveals a spherical architecture with a pheomelanin core and a eumelanin surface. 
  • The synthesis and secretion of gamma-globulin by lymph node cells. V. The dissociation of the microsome-antibody complex with enzymatically and chemically altered gamma-globulins. 
  • The transcriptional response to oxidative stress during vertebrate development: effects of tert-butylhydroquinone and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 
  • The vascular NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox is involved in redox-mediated gene expression. 
  • Thermal stability of the prototypical Mn porphyrin-based superoxide dismutase mimic and potent oxidative-stress redox modulator Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin chloride, MnTE-2-PyP(5+). 
  • Thermodynamic analysis of protein stability and ligand binding using a chemical modification- and mass spectrometry-based strategy. 
  • Thermodynamic analysis of protein-ligand binding interactions in complex biological mixtures using the stability of proteins from rates of oxidation. 
  • Thermodynamic analysis of protein-ligand interactions in complex biological mixtures using a shotgun proteomics approach. 
  • Thermodynamic effects of reduction of the active-site disulfide of Escherichia coli thioredoxin explored by differential scanning calorimetry. 
  • Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is a feedback regulator of S-nitrosylation. 
  • Three Pyrimidine Decarboxylations in the Absence of a Catalyst. 
  • Thyroid hormone stimulates hepatic lipid catabolism via activation of autophagy. 
  • Tissue gradients of energy metabolites mirror oxygen tension gradients in a rat mammary carcinoma model. 
  • To oxidize or not to oxidize? 
  • Total synthesis of cyanolide A and confirmation of its absolute configuration. 
  • Toxicity of oxidized low density lipoproteins for vascular smooth muscle cells and partial protection by antioxidants. 
  • Treating gout with pegloticase, a PEGylated urate oxidase, provides insight into the importance of uric acid as an antioxidant in vivo. 
  • Treatment with the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase inhibitor trimetazidine does not exacerbate whole-body insulin resistance in obese mice. 
  • UV-irradiation provokes generation of superoxide on cell wall polygalacturonic acid. 
  • Ubiquinone redox behavior in plant mitochondria during electron transport. 
  • Urinary F2-isoprostanes and metabolic markers of fat oxidation. 
  • Urinary biomarkers of oxidative status. 
  • What if cell culture media do not mimic in vivo redox settings? 
  • alpha(2)-Macroglobulin from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid: functional analysis defines a role for oxidation in inflammation. 
  • beta-Hydroxybutyrate inhibits myocardial fatty acid oxidation in vivo independent of changes in malonyl-CoA content. 
  • cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) as a selective modifier of the oxidation-sensitive reactive-center methionine in alpha 1-antitrypsin. 
  • l-citrulline prevents asymmetric dimethylarginine-mediated reductions in nitric oxide and nitrosative stress in primary human airway epithelial cells. 
  • α-Hemoglobin stabilizing protein (AHSP) markedly decreases the redox potential and reactivity of α-subunits of human HbA with hydrogen peroxide. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Beratan, David N., R.J. Reynolds Professor of Chemistry, Duke University Energy Initiative
  • Choi, Steven Sok, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology
  • Freemark, Michael Scott, Robert C. Atkins, M.D. and Veronica Atkins Professor of Pediatrics, in the School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Endocrinology
  • Hirschey, Matthew, Associate Professor in Medicine, Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
  • Hsu-Kim, Heileen, Mary Milus Yoh and Harold L. Yoh, Jr. Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering
  • Liton, Paloma Borrajo, Associate Professor in Ophthalmology, Pathology
  • McDonnell, Donald Patrick, Chair, Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
  • Turner, Dennis Alan, Professor of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology
  • Warner, David Samuel, Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology, in the School of Medicine, Neurobiology