Reference Standards

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Communication from the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis on sepsis-induced coagulopathy in the management of sepsis": reply. 
  • A 32 kb critical region excluding Y402H in CFH mediates risk for age-related macular degeneration. 
  • A Bayesian method for evaluating medical test operating characteristics when some patients' conditions fail to be diagnosed by the reference standard. 
  • A Model Information Management Plan for Molecular Pathology Sequence Data Using Standards: From Sequencer to Electronic Health Record. 
  • A comparison of methods for the detection of myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery: automated ST-segment analysis systems, electrocardiography, and transesophageal echocardiography. 
  • A global reference for human genetic variation. 
  • A high-resolution HLA reference panel capturing global population diversity enables multi-ancestry fine-mapping in HIV host response. 
  • A pipeline to determine RT-PCR control genes for evolutionary studies: application to primate gene expression across multiple tissues 
  • A proposed framework to standardize the neurocognitive assessment of patients with pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. 
  • A real-time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens, and comparison with the clinical diagnoses. 
  • A roadmap for academic health centers to establish good laboratory practice-compliant infrastructure. 
  • A systematic review and consensus definitions for standardised end-points in perioperative medicine: pulmonary complications. 
  • ASO Visual Abstract: Limited Reporting of Histopathologic Details in a Multi-Institutional Academic Cohort of Phyllodes Tumors: Time for Standardization. 
  • Across-vendor standardization of semi-LASER for single-voxel MRS at 3T. 
  • Acylcarnitines: analysis in plasma and whole blood using tandem mass spectrometry. 
  • Adapting a Standardized, Industry-Proven Tool to Measure Patients' Perceptions of Quality at the Point of Care in a PET/CT Center. 
  • Adenosine deaminase deficiency: genotype-phenotype correlations based on expressed activity of 29 mutant alleles. 
  • Advance Directives and the Personal Identity Problem 
  • Alignment of 1000 Genomes Project reads to reference assembly GRCh38. 
  • Allergenic potency of SMU-Df extract in comparison with VUS-Df extract; and diagnosis and immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis and rhinitis with SMU-Df extract in China. 
  • Alternate and new brominated flame retardants detected in U.S. house dust. 
  • American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 263: Standardizing Nomenclatures in Radiation Oncology. 
  • American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria: Advancing Evidence-Based Imaging Practice. 
  • An improved method for glycosaminoglycan analysis by LC-MS/MS of urine samples collected on filter paper. 
  • An objective structural and functional reference standard in glaucoma. 
  • Analysis of a glucose tetrasaccharide elevated in Pompe disease by stable isotope dilution-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. 
  • Analysis of glycosaminoglycans in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with mucopolysaccharidoses by isotope-dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 
  • Analysis of inflammatory cytokines in human blood, breath condensate, and urine using a multiplex immunoassay platform. 
  • Appropriate Use Criteria for Imaging Evaluation of Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Definitive Primary Treatment. 
  • Aqueous and serum-based materials compared for use as simulated calibrators for three ionized calcium analyzers. 
  • Assessment of North American Clinical Research Site Performance During the Start-up of Large Cardiovascular Clinical Trials. 
  • Assessment of detective quantum efficiency: intercomparison of a recently introduced international standard with prior methods. 
  • Assessment of display performance for medical imaging systems: executive summary of AAPM TG18 report. 
  • Assessment of flat panel LCD primary class display performance based on AAPM TG 18 acceptance protocol. 
  • Association of an Objective Structural and Functional Reference Standard for Glaucoma with Quality of Life Outcomes. 
  • Automated patient-tailored screening of the liver for diffuse steatosis and iron overload using MRI. 
  • Benchtop and Initial Clinical Evaluation of the ShockPulse Stone Eliminator in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. 
  • Biobanking for Metabolomics and Lipidomics in Precision Medicine. 
  • Bioequivalence review for drug interchangeability. 
  • Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury: Data Standards and Statistical Considerations. 
  • Biomedical applications of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with continuous-flow fast atom bombardment. 
  • Blood pressure measurements in the nursing home: are they accurate? 
  • Can state and trait variables be disentangled? A methodological framework for psychiatric disorders. 
  • Certification of SRM 1589a PCBs, pesticides, PBDEs, and dioxins/furans in human serum. 
  • Characterization of adrenal lesions: comparison of 2D and 3D dual gradient-echo MR imaging at 3 T--preliminary results. 
  • Cholesterol curves to identify population norms by age and sex in healthy weight children. 
  • Classification, presentation, and initial treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis in childhood. 
  • Clinical and regulatory landscape for cardiogenic shock: A report from the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium ThinkTank on cardiogenic shock. 
  • Clinically Adjudicated Reference Standards for Evaluation of Infectious Diseases Diagnostics. 
  • Co-Clinical Imaging Metadata Information (CIMI) for Cancer Research to Promote Open Science, Standardization, and Reproducibility in Preclinical Imaging. 
  • Coated platelet assay: a feasible approach to a complicated science. 
  • Commentary: International collaboration needed on device clinical standards. 
  • Common Hormone Therapies Used to Care for Transgender Patients Influence Laboratory Results. 
  • Common genetic variation and performance on standardized cognitive tests. 
  • Comparative evaluation of Etest and sensititre yeastone panels against the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A2 reference broth microdilution method for testing Candida susceptibility to seven antifungal agents. 
  • Comparing reference-based RNA-Seq mapping methods for non-human primate data. 
  • Comparison of 10-2 and 24-2 Perimetry to Diagnose Glaucoma Using OCT as an Independent Reference Standard. 
  • Comparison of anterior segment optical tomography parameters measured using a semi-automatic software to standard clinical instruments. 
  • Comparison of interlaboratory variation in absolute T-cell counts by single-platform and optimized dual-platform methods. 
  • Comparison of methods based on different molecular epidemiological markers for typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains: interlaboratory study of discriminatory power and reproducibility. 
  • Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME): better criteria for distinguishing between normal/arcuate and septate uterus? 
  • Congenital Uterine Malformation by Experts (CUME): diagnostic criteria for T-shaped uterus. 
  • Consensus-based standards for best supportive care in clinical trials in advanced cancer. 
  • Considerations in reporting palliative care clinical trials: standardizing information reported and authorship practices. 
  • Construction of an efficient evaluative instrument for myasthenia gravis: the MG composite. 
  • Controlled evaluation of BACTEC PLUS 27 and Roche Septi-Chek anaerobic blood culture bottles. 
  • Daily bone alignment with limited repeat CT correction rivals daily ultrasound alignment for prostate radiotherapy. 
  • Database of normalised computed tomography dose index for retrospective CT dosimetry. 
  • Deciding for Others 
  • Defining Mastectomy Skin Flap Necrosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature and a Call for Standardization. 
  • Detection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: prospective evaluation of gray scale US versus SonoVue® low mechanical index real time-enhanced US as compared with multidetector-CT or Gd-BOPTA-MRI. 
  • Detection of retinal nerve fibre layer progression: comparison of the fast and extended modes of GDx guided progression analysis. 
  • Determining when impairment constitutes incapacity for informed consent in schizophrenia research. 
  • Developing a standardized measurement of alcohol intoxication. 
  • Development and evaluation of a calibrator material for nucleic acid-based assays for diagnosing aspergillosis. 
  • Development and implementation of a proficiency testing program for Luminex bead-based cytokine assays. 
  • Development and implementation of an international proficiency testing program for a neutralizing antibody assay for HIV-1 in TZM-bl cells. 
  • Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the related substances of ramipril in Altace capsules. 
  • Development of a TaqMan Array Card for Acute-Febrile-Illness Outbreak Investigation and Surveillance of Emerging Pathogens, Including Ebola Virus. 
  • Development of an analytical method to quantify PBDEs, OH-BDEs, HBCDs, 2,4,6-TBP, EH-TBB, and BEH-TEBP in human serum. 
  • Development of heart and respiratory rate percentile curves for hospitalized children. 
  • Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia: proposed modification of the task force criteria. 
  • Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the diagnosis of hip femoroacetabular impingement/labral tear: a systematic review with meta-analysis. 
  • Diagnostic performance of short portable mental status questionnaire for screening dementia among patients attending cognitive assessment clinics in Singapore. 
  • Does the clinical examination predict airflow limitation? 
  • Elastography Assessment of Liver Fibrosis: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement. 
  • Electrocardiographic features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. 
  • Enhanced method performance due to a shorter chromatographic run-time in a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for paclitaxel. 
  • Ethical Standards for Cardiothoracic Surgeons' Participation in Social Media. 
  • Evaluation of transethnic fine mapping with population-specific and cosmopolitan imputation reference panels in diverse Asian populations. 
  • Evolutionary and biomedical insights from a marmoset diploid genome assembly. 
  • Finding our way through phenotypes. 
  • Finding useful biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. 
  • Fool's gold: Why imperfect reference tests are undermining the evaluation of novel diagnostics: a reevaluation of 5 diagnostic tests for leptospirosis. 
  • Global Need for Physical Rehabilitation: Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. 
  • Guidance from the Scientific and Standardization Committee for lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis: Update of the guidelines for lupus anticoagulant detection and interpretation. 
  • HL7 Forum. How long does it take to write a standard? 
  • Harmonizing lipidomics: NIST interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using SRM 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma. 
  • Health Level 7: an application standard for electronic medical data exchange. 
  • High-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying sphingomyelin in rat brain. 
  • How should diagnostic tests be evaluated in glaucoma? 
  • How well do clinic-based blood pressure measurements agree with the mercury standard? 
  • How well does urinary lyso-Gb3 function as a biomarker in Fabry disease? 
  • Hydrophobic nanoparticles improve permeability of cell-encapsulating poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels while maintaining patternability. 
  • Impact of Reference Standard on CT, MRI, and Contrast-enhanced US LI-RADS Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. 
  • Impact of Uniform Methods on Interlaboratory Antibody Titration Variability: Antibody Titration and Uniform Methods. 
  • Implementation of a three-tiered approach to identify and characterize anti-drug antibodies raised against HIV-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of antipyrine, hydroxymethylantipyrine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine and norantipyrine in urine. 
  • Improved methods and standards for telomerase detection: quantitative histopathology using antibody staining. 
  • Improving patient risk communication: Translating cardiovascular risk into standardized risk percentiles. 
  • In middle-aged adults, Astro-CHARM was better than a standard risk factor model for predicting 10-year ASCVD risk. 
  • Incidence of reduced chemotherapy relative dose intensity among women with early stage breast cancer in US clinical practice. 
  • Indirect Standardization as a Case Mix Adjustment Method to Improve Comparison of Children's Hospitals' Antimicrobial Use. 
  • Integrating carthage-specific T1rho MRI into knee clinic diagnostic imaging. 
  • International workshop on standardization in clinical MRS measurements: proceedings and recommendations. 
  • Interrater Reliability in Toxicity Identification: Limitations of Current Standards. 
  • Investigation into the feasibility of using PRESAGE/optical-CT dosimetry for the verification of gating treatments. 
  • LC-UV/MS methods for the analysis of prochelator-boronyl salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (BSIH) and its active chelator salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH). 
  • LI-RADS 2017: An update. 
  • Limited Reporting of Histopathologic Details in a Multi-Institutional Academic Cohort of Phyllodes Tumors: Time for Standardization. 
  • Low-grade gliomas: dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging--prediction of patient clinical response. 
  • Low-level exertions of the neck musculature: a study of research methods. 
  • Lower versus Standard INR Targets in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 
  • Markerless lung tumor tracking and trajectory reconstruction using rotational cone-beam projections: a feasibility study. 
  • Measurement of angiotensin II: use of two injectors to minimize HPLC shadowing. 
  • Measurement of the detective quantum efficiency in digital detectors consistent with the IEC 62220-1 standard: Practical considerations regarding the choice of filter material. 
  • Melanoma patient antibody responses to melanoma tumor-associated antigens defined by murine monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Memory, language, and praxis in Alzheimer's disease: norms for outpatient clinical trial populations. 
  • Meta-analysis of screening and diagnostic tests. 
  • Method for improved accuracy in endogenous urea recovery marker calibrations for microdialysis in tumors. 
  • Methodological standardization for a multi-institutional in vivo trial of localized 31P MR spectroscopy in human cancer research. In vitro and normal volunteer studies. 
  • Military body fat standards and equations applied to middle-aged women. 
  • Monte Carlo reference data sets for imaging research: Executive summary of the report of AAPM Research Committee Task Group 195. 
  • Multicenter characterization and validation of the intron-8 poly(T) tract (IVS8-T) status in 25 Coriell cell repository cystic fibrosis reference cell lines for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation assays. 
  • National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Clinical characteristics and utilization of biochemical markers in acute coronary syndromes. 
  • National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry and IFCC Committee for Standardization of Markers of Cardiac Damage Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Analytical issues for biochemical markers of acute coronary syndromes. 
  • Near-Infrared Reflectance Imaging for Quantification of Atrophy Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. 
  • Next-generation sequencing not superior to culture in periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis. 
  • Nursing Perceptions and Workload Impact of a Standardized Emergence Delirium Assessment Scale in a Postanesthesia Care Unit. 
  • Objective assessment of mastoidectomy skills in the operating room. 
  • Operational standards for CASA instruments. 
  • Operator Perception of a Single-Use Flexible Bronchoscope: Comparison With Current Standard Bronchoscopes. 
  • Optimising the value of C-14 breath test. 
  • Optimization and qualification of an Fc Array assay for assessments of antibodies against HIV-1/SIV. 
  • Outlier detection in bioavailability/bioequivalence studies. 
  • Patient satisfaction and quality of care in walk-in clinics, family practices and emergency departments: the Ontario Walk-In Clinic Study. 
  • Patient-Informed Organ Dose Estimation in Clinical CT: Implementation and Effective Dose Assessment in 1048 Clinical Patients. 
  • Performance of serum-supplemented and serum-free media in IFNgamma Elispot Assays for human T cells. 
  • Phenotype of Spirometric Impairment in an Aging Population. 
  • Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human placenta and quantitation with perchloric acid extracts. 
  • Plasma levels of factors II, VII and X and their relationship to the international normalized ratio during chronic warfarin therapy. 
  • Postpartum hemorrhage protocols and benchmarks: improving care through standardization. 
  • Preoperative predictors of pathologic stage T2a and pathologic Gleason score ≤ 6 in men with clinical low-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy: reference for active surveillance. 
  • Probability lower bounds for USP/NF tests. 
  • Quality assurance and training procedures for computer-aided detection and diagnosis systems in clinical use. 
  • Quantitation of dolastatin-10 using HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: application in a phase I clinical trial. 
  • Quantitation of proton NMR spectra of the human brain using tissue water as an internal concentration reference. 
  • Quantitative analysis of twelve sulfonamides in honey after acidic hydrolysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. 
  • Quantitative imaging biomarkers: a review of statistical methods for computer algorithm comparisons. 
  • RNA-Seq optimization with eQTL gold standards. 
  • RRmix: A method for simultaneous batch effect correction and analysis of metabolomics data in the absence of internal standards. 
  • Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. 
  • Realistic reference adult and paediatric phantom series for internal and external dosimetry. 
  • Recommendations of the wwPDB NMR Validation Task Force. 
  • Recommendations towards standards for quantitative MRI (qMRI) and outstanding needs. 
  • Reexpressing Parenthood 
  • Registry Assessment of Peripheral Interventional Devices (RAPID)　- Registry Assessment of Peripheral Interventional Devices Core Data Elements. 
  • Repeatability of Standardized and Normalized Relative CBV in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma. 
  • Response to: 'Lack of standardization of ANA and implications for drug development and precision medicine' by Mahler. 
  • Role of Diastolic Function in Preserved Exercise Capacity in Patients with Reduced Ejection Fractions. 
  • Round Trip: An Automated Pipeline for Experimental Design, Execution, and Analysis. 
  • SERS opens a new way in aptasensor for protein recognition with high sensitivity and selectivity. 
  • Sample size calculations for evaluating a diagnostic test when the gold standard is missing at random. 
  • Sample size for comparing correlated concordance rates. 
  • Scientific factors and current issues in biosimilar studies. 
  • Selection and validation of endogenous reference genes using a high throughput approach. 
  • Semi-automated assembly of high-quality diploid human reference genomes. 
  • Sequence-based differentiation of strains in the Mycobacterium avium complex. 
  • Simultaneous determination of alfentanil and midazolam in human plasma using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. 
  • Simultaneous quantification of GABAergic 3alpha,5alpha/3alpha,5beta neuroactive steroids in human and rat serum. 
  • Six reference-quality genomes reveal evolution of bat adaptations. 
  • Stakeholder Experiences with the Single IRB Review Process and Recommendations for Food and Drug Administration Guidance. 
  • Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. 
  • Standardization and validation of a novel and simple method to assess lumbar dural sac size. 
  • Standardization of anti-DNA antibody assays. 
  • Standardization of neurophysiology signal data into the DICOM® standard. 
  • Standardization of the collection of exhaled breath condensate and exhaled breath aerosol using a feedback regulated sampling device. 
  • Standardization, workforce development and advocacy in cell and gene therapies: a summary of the 2020 Regenerative Medicine InterCHANGE. 
  • Standardized Interpretation of Chest Radiographs in Cases of Pediatric Pneumonia From the PERCH Study. 
  • Standardized versus open-ended assessment of psychosocial and medical concerns among African American breast cancer patients. 
  • Standards and Guidelines for the Interpretation and Reporting of Sequence Variants in Cancer: A Joint Consensus Recommendation of the Association for Molecular Pathology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and College of American Pathologists. 
  • Standards recommendations for the Earth BioGenome Project. 
  • Statistical comparison between dissolution profiles of drug products. 
  • Stereoselective analysis of bupropion and hydroxybupropion in human plasma and urine by LC/MS/MS. 
  • Systematic review and consensus definitions for the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine initiative: clinical indicators. 
  • Taking the first steps towards a standard for reporting on phylogenies: Minimum Information About a Phylogenetic Analysis (MIAPA). 
  • The Controversy Over Retrospective Moral Judgment 
  • The GRAPPA-OMERACT Working Group: 4 Prioritized Domains for Completing the Core Outcome Measurement Set for Psoriatic Arthritis 2019 Updates. 
  • The Mutationathon highlights the importance of reaching standardization in estimates of pedigree-based germline mutation rates. 
  • The PRINTO criteria for clinically inactive disease in juvenile dermatomyositis. 
  • The Reference Image Database to Evaluate Response to therapy in lung cancer (RIDER) project: a resource for the development of change-analysis software. 
  • The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care 
  • The coupled motion of the femur and patella during in vivo weightbearing knee flexion. 
  • The effect of serial dilution error on calibration inference in immunoassay. 
  • The effect of variance function estimation on nonlinear calibration inference in immunoassay data. 
  • The importance of development standards for anchoring vignettes: an illustrative example from pediatric localized scleroderma quality of life. 
  • The limits of proxy decisionmaking for incompetents. 
  • The pain provocation-based straight leg raise test for diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation, lumbar radiculopathy, and/or sciatica: a systematic review of clinical utility. 
  • The role of F-18 FDG positron emission tomography in preoperative assessment of the liver in patients being considered for curative resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. 
  • The standardization of the thiobarbituric acid assay for nonenzymatic glucosylation of human serum albumin. 
  • The use of dried blood spot samples in the diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders--current status and perspectives. 
  • The utility of clinical measures for the diagnosis of achilles tendon injuries: a systematic review with meta-analysis. 
  • The western painted turtle genome, a model for the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations in a slowly evolving lineage. 
  • Tortuosity of arterioles and venules in quantifying plus disease. 
  • Toward a uniform policy for handling incidental findings in neuroimaging research. 
  • Towards a better standard for defining high bleeding risk patients: can we now translate this into a better practice? 
  • Umbilical cord blood gases for term healthy newborns. 
  • Unmet Needs and Challenges in Clinical Research of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. 
  • Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 consensus document. 
  • Use of progressive glaucomatous optic disk change as the reference standard for evaluation of diagnostic tests in glaucoma. 
  • Validation of DNA methylation biomarkers for diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 
  • Validation of the performance and suitability of a new class of FBS optimized for use in single-cell functional assays. 
  • Variations in two-point discrimination as a function of terminal probes. 
  • Waxholm space: an image-based reference for coordinating mouse brain research. 
  • When Are Treatment Blinding and Treatment Standardization Necessary in Real-World Clinical Trials? 
  • Will This Patient Be Difficult to Intubate?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review. 
  • lambda RNA internal standards quantify sensitivity and amplification efficiency of mammalian gene expression profiling. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Charles, Hal Cecil, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., Research Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • Johnson, G. Allan, Charles E. Putman University Distinguished Professor of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Wray, Gregory Allan, Professor of Biology, Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Zafar, Syed Yousuf, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Duke Science & Society