Retinal Vessels

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Woman With a Spot in Her Vision. 
  • A clinicopathologic study of dye laser photocoagulation on primate retina. 
  • A deep-learning system for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk via the measurement of retinal-vessel calibre. 
  • A new method for vascular occlusion. Photochemical initiation of thrombosis. 
  • A new method to measure peripheral retinal vascular caliber over an extended area. 
  • A numeric index based on spatial frequency for the tortuosity of retinal vessels and its application to plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • A pilot study using "ROPtool" to quantify plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • A pilot study using ROPtool to measure retinal vascular dilation. 
  • A spectrum of retinal vasculature measures and coronary artery disease. 
  • Abnormalities of retinal microvascular structure and risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke. 
  • Accuracy of ROPtool vs individual examiners in assessing retinal vascular tortuosity. 
  • Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 sustains angiogenesis and Bcl-2 expression via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in endothelial cells. 
  • Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma in Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome. 
  • Acute frosted retinal periphlebitis. 
  • Admixture mapping scans identify a locus affecting retinal vascular caliber in hypertensive African Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. 
  • Age-related rarefaction in the fractal dimension of retinal vessel. 
  • Age-related retinal vasculopathy. 
  • Agreement among pediatric ophthalmologists in diagnosing plus and pre-plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Air Pollution and the microvasculature: a cross-sectional assessment of in vivo retinal images in the population-based multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). 
  • Aldosterone as a mediator of severity in retinal vascular disease: Evidence and potential mechanisms. 
  • Alterations in retinal microvascular geometry in young type 1 diabetes. 
  • An automated method for retinal arteriovenous nicking quantification from color fundus images. 
  • An experimental model of preretinal neovascularization in the rabbit. 
  • Angiotensin II and aldosterone in retinal vasculopathy and inflammation. 
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and retinal arteriolar narrowing: the Funagata Study. 
  • Apolipoprotein E gene and retinal microvascular signs in older people: the Cardiovascular Health Study. 
  • Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and retinal vascular signs: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. 
  • Appearance of pediatric choroidal neovascular membranes on optical coherence tomography angiography. 
  • Arcuate Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defect After Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema. 
  • Are inflammatory factors related to retinal vessel caliber? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. 
  • Arterial compliance and retinal vascular caliber in cerebrovascular disease. 
  • Aspirin for the prevention of cognitive decline in the elderly: rationale and design of a neuro-vascular imaging study (ENVIS-ion). 
  • Assessing the Causality between Blood Pressure and Retinal Vascular Caliber through Mendelian Randomisation. 
  • Assessment of Differences in Retinal Microvasculature Using OCT Angiography in Alzheimer's Disease: A Twin Discordance Report. 
  • Assessment of Macular Microvasculature in Healthy Eyes of Infants and Children Using OCT Angiography. 
  • Assessment of candidate ocular biomarkers of ageing in a South African adult population: relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers. 
  • Association between physical activity and retinal microvascular signs: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. 
  • Association of parental blood pressure with retinal microcirculatory abnormalities indicative of endothelial dysfunction in children. 
  • Association of retinal arteriolar dilatation with lower verbal memory: the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study. 
  • Association of serum lutein and zeaxanthin with quantitative measures of retinal vascular parameters. 
  • Associations between depression and anxiety symptoms and retinal vessel caliber in adolescents and young adults. 
  • Associations between findings on cranial magnetic resonance imaging and retinal photography in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. 
  • Associations between retinal microvascular abnormalities and declining renal function in the elderly population: the Cardiovascular Health Study. 
  • Associations of maternal retinal vasculature with subsequent fetal growth and birth size. 
  • Associations of retinal microvascular signs and intracranial large artery disease. 
  • Auto-Processed Retinal Vessel Shadow View Images From Bedside Optical Coherence Tomography to Evaluate Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity. 
  • Automated analysis of retinal vascular tortuosity on color retinal images. 
  • Automated layer segmentation of optical coherence tomography images. 
  • Automatic grading of retinal vessel caliber. 
  • Beyond Performance Metrics: Automatic Deep Learning Retinal OCT Analysis Reproduces Clinical Trial Outcome. 
  • Bilateral Proliferative Retinopathy Associated With Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson Syndrome, a Severe Form of Dyskeratosis Congenita. 
  • Blood pressure and retinal arteriolar narrowing in children. 
  • Blood pressure and retinal microvascular characteristics during pregnancy: Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) Study. 
  • Blood pressure is associated with retinal vessel signs in preadolescent children. 
  • Blood-derived macrophages infiltrate the retina and activate Muller glial cells under experimental choroidal neovascularization. 
  • Blue Light Fundus Autofluorescence in Coats Disease. 
  • Body fat distribution, metabolic and inflammatory markers and retinal microvasculature in school-age children. The Generation R Study. 
  • Body mass index and its effects on retinal vessel diameter in 6-year-old children. 
  • Breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in a model of retinal neovascularization. 
  • CHORIOCAPILLARIS FLOW VOIDS IN CRYPTOCOCCAL CHOROIDITIS USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY. 
  • Can the retinal microvasculature offer clues to cardiovascular risk factors in early life? 
  • Carbohydrate nutrition is associated with changes in the retinal vascular structure and branching pattern in children. 
  • Cardiometabolic Health Among Adult Offspring of Hypertensive Pregnancies: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. 
  • Cardiovascular risk factors and retinal microvascular signs in an adult Japanese population: the Funagata Study. 
  • Central retinal vein occlusion in patients treated with long-term warfarin sodium (Coumadin) for anticoagulation. 
  • Changes in retinal microvascular caliber precede the clinical onset of preeclampsia. 
  • Characterization of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 7 (FABP7) in the Murine Retina. 
  • Characterization of Retinal Microvascular and Choroidal Structural Changes in Parkinson Disease. 
  • Choroidal Structural Analysis in Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Cognitively Healthy Controls. 
  • Classification of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Pachyvessels on En Face Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography. 
  • Clinical Use of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment: Ready for Showtime? 
  • Combining ROPtool measurements of vascular tortuosity and width to quantify plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Comparison of Pre-Treatment vs. Post-Treatment Retinal Vessel Density in Children with Amblyopia. 
  • Comparison of exudative age-related macular degeneration subtypes in Japanese and French Patients: multicenter diagnosis with multimodal imaging. 
  • Comparison of retinal vascular geometry in obese and non-obese children. 
  • Comparison of wide-field swept source optical coherence tomography angiography and fundus autofluorescence in tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis. 
  • Complete blood count and retinal vessel calibers. 
  • Computer-assisted assessment of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity using video indirect ophthalmoscopy images. 
  • Computer-assisted measurement of retinal vascular width and tortuosity in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Computer-assisted retinal vessel measurement in an older population: correlation between right and left eyes. 
  • Corneal biomechanical properties and retinal vascular caliber in children. 
  • Correlation between retinal oscillatory potentials and retinal vascular caliber in type 2 diabetes. 
  • Correlation of OCTA and Volumetric MRI in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. 
  • Correlation of light-flicker-induced retinal vasodilation and retinal vascular caliber measurements in diabetes. 
  • Deep Retinal Layer Microvasculature Dropout Detected by the Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucoma. 
  • Depth-Resolved Visualization of Perifoveal Retinal Vasculature in Preterm Infants Using Handheld Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. 
  • Detecting retinal microaneurysms and hemorrhages with robustness to the presence of blood vessels. 
  • Determinants of Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Metrics in Patients with Diabetes. 
  • Determinants of retinal microvascular architecture in normal subjects. 
  • Development of a scale for grading pre-plus and plus disease using retinal images: A pilot study. 
  • Development of retinal neovascularisation in vascular occlusive disease. 
  • Differential association of retinal arteriolar and venular caliber with diabetes and retinopathy. 
  • Differential associations of cortical and subcortical cerebral atrophy with retinal vascular signs in patients with acute stroke. 
  • Differing associations of white matter lesions and lacunar infarction with retinal microvascular signs. 
  • Dilated retinal large vessels and capillaries associated with diabetic macular edema and photoreceptor loss respectively. 
  • Distinctive Analysis of Macular Superficial Capillaries and Large Vessels Using Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography in Healthy and Diabetic Eyes. 
  • Does diet influence the retinal microvasculature in children? 
  • Does hormone replacement therapy influence retinal microvascular caliber? 
  • Does radial optic neurotomy alter retinal blood flow in eyes with a central retinal vein occlusion? 
  • Does refractive error influence the association of blood pressure and retinal vessel diameters? The Blue Mountains Eye Study. 
  • Dynamic Responses in Retinal Vessel Caliber With Flicker Light Stimulation and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Progression. 
  • Dynamic changes in retinal vessel diameter during acute hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes. 
  • Dynamic responses in retinal vessel caliber with flicker light stimulation in eyes with diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Dyslipidaemia and microvascular disease in the retina. 
  • Early atherosclerosis is associated with retinal microvascular changes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. 
  • Early retinal arteriolar changes and peripheral neuropathy in diabetes. 
  • Early retinal vessel development and iris vessel dilatation as factors in retinopathy of prematurity. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) Cooperative Group. 
  • Effect of Axial Eye Length on Retinal Vessel Parameters in 6 to 12-Year-Old Malay Girls. 
  • Effect of axial length on retinal vascular network geometry. 
  • Effect of birth parameters on retinal vascular caliber: the Twins Eye Study in Tasmania. 
  • Effect of blood pressure on the retinal vasculature in a multi-ethnic Asian population. 
  • Effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition on retinal and choroidal blood flow during hypercarbia in newborn piglets. 
  • Effect of image quality, color, and format on the measurement of retinal vascular fractal dimension. 
  • Effect of maternal body mass index on the retinal microvasculature in pregnancy. 
  • Effect of obesity on retinal vascular structure in pre-adolescent children. 
  • Effect of simvastatin on retinal vascular caliber: the Age-Related Maculopathy Statin Study. 
  • Effects of bariatric surgery on retinal microvascular architecture in obese patients. 
  • Elevated blood pressure is associated with rarefaction of the retinal vasculature in children. 
  • Emerging therapeutic approaches in the management of retinal angiogenesis and edema. 
  • Enhanced visualization of peripheral retinal vasculature with wavefront sensorless adaptive optics optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic patients. 
  • Environmental oxygen regulates astrocyte proliferation to guide angiogenesis during retinal development. 
  • Evaluation of Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity by ROPtool or a Lay Reader. 
  • Evidence of Microvascular Changes in the Retina following Kawasaki Disease. 
  • Evidence of arteriolar narrowing in low-birth-weight children. 
  • Evidence of early retinal microvascular changes in patients with type 2 diabetes and depression. 
  • Evidence of retinal vascular narrowing in glaucomatous eyes in an Asian population. 
  • Evolution of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: quantification by ROPtool. 
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation causing asymmetric vasculopathy in neonatal infants. 
  • Exudative retinal detachment after photodynamic injury. 
  • Facilitated Versus Self-guided Training of Non-ophthalmologists for Grading Pre-plus and Plus Disease Using Fundus Images for Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening. 
  • Familial correlation of retinal vascular caliber in Singapore Chinese. 
  • Fluvastatin downregulates VEGF-A expression in TNF-α-induced retinal vessel tortuosity. 
  • Four novel Loci (19q13, 6q24, 12q24, and 5q14) influence the microcirculation in vivo. 
  • Foveal avascular zone and foveal pit formation after preterm birth. 
  • Fractal analysis of retinal microvasculature and coronary heart disease mortality. 
  • Fractal dimension of the retinal vasculature and risk of stroke: a nested case-control study. 
  • Genetic determinants of retinal vascular caliber: additional insights into hypertension pathogenesis. 
  • Genetic loci for retinal arteriolar microcirculation. 
  • Gestational hypertensive disorders and retinal microvasculature: the Generation R Study. 
  • Group 2A idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasia in monozygotic twins. 
  • Haploinsufficient Bmp4 ocular phenotypes include anterior segment dysgenesis with elevated intraocular pressure. 
  • Hemoglobin is associated with retinal vascular fractals in type 1 diabetes patients. 
  • History of gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum maternal retinal microvascular structure and function. 
  • How does hypertension affect your eyes? 
  • Human retinal hemodynamics following administration of 5-isosorbide mononitrate. 
  • Hypertension genes and retinal vascular calibre: the Cardiovascular Health Study. 
  • Hypertensive retinal vessel wall signs in a general older population: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. 
  • Hypertensive/Microvascular Disease and COPD: a Case Control Study. 
  • Identification of imaging features that determine quality and repeatability of retinal capillary plexus density measurements in OCT angiography. 
  • Image Artifacts in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. 
  • Imaging Infant Retinal Vasculature with OCT Angiography. 
  • Immune cells in the retina and choroid: Two different tissue environments that require different defenses and surveillance. 
  • Impact of birth parameters and early life growth patterns on retinal microvascular structure in children: The Generation R Study. 
  • Impact of current and past blood pressure on retinal arteriolar diameter in an older population. 
  • Impact of hypertension on retinal capillary microvasculature using optical coherence tomographic angiography. 
  • Impact of long-term measures of glucose and blood pressure on the retinal microvasculature. 
  • In vivo imaging of human retinal flow dynamics by color Doppler optical coherence tomography. 
  • In vivo total retinal blood flow measurement by Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography. 
  • Incidence and early course of retinopathy of prematurity. The Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. 
  • Increased adhesion of neutrophils to retinal vascular endothelial cells exposed to hyperosmolarity. 
  • Increased choriocapillaris vessel density in amblyopic children: a case-control study. 
  • Influence of blood pressure and body mass index on retinal vascular caliber in preschool-aged children. 
  • Influence of blood pressure on retinal vascular caliber in young children. 
  • Influence of flickering light on the retinal vessels in diabetic patients: response to Mandecka et al. 
  • Influence of physical activity and screen time on the retinal microvasculature in young children. 
  • Influence of refractive error and axial length on retinal vessel geometric characteristics. 
  • Innovative technology shows impact of glycaemic control on peripheral retinal vessels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. 
  • Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema: 148-Week Results from the VISTA and VIVID Studies. 
  • Ipsilateral facial and uveal arteriovenous and capillary angioma, microphthalmos, heterochromia of the iris, and hypotony: an oculocutaneous syndrome simulating Sturge-Weber syndrome. 
  • Is depression associated with microvascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes? 
  • Is quality of diet associated with the microvasculature? An analysis of diet quality and retinal vascular calibre in older adults. 
  • Ischemic Retinal Vascular Disease in an Infant With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. 
  • Ischemic central retinal vein occlusion and retinitis pigmentosa: lower risk of neovascularization? 
  • Latanoprost and brimonidine: therapeutic and physiologic assessment before and after oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy. 
  • Late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells in patients with age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Lens opacity and refractive influences on the measurement of retinal vascular fractal dimension. 
  • Local response of the primate retinal microcirculation to increased metabolic demand induced by flicker. 
  • Long-term effects of smoking on retinal microvascular caliber. 
  • Low birth weight and retinal vascular caliber in young children. 
  • Low birthweight is associated with narrower arterioles in adults. 
  • MACULAR MICROVASCULAR NETWORKS IN HEALTHY PEDIATRIC SUBJECTS. 
  • Macular Microvascular Findings in Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. 
  • Major eye diseases and risk factors associated with systemic hypertension in an adult Chinese population: the Beijing Eye Study. 
  • Measurement of retinal blood vessel width using computerized image analysis. 
  • Measurement of retinal vascular caliber: issues and alternatives to using the arteriole to venule ratio. 
  • Measurement of total blood flow in the normal human retina using Doppler Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. 
  • Medication use and retinal vessel diameters. 
  • Meta-analysis: retinal vessel caliber and risk for coronary heart disease. 
  • Microangiopathic retinopathy in experimental diabetic monkeys. 
  • Microvascular Disease After Renal Transplantation. 
  • Microvascular Features of Treated Retinoblastoma Tumors in Children Assessed Using OCTA. 
  • Microvascular abnormality in schizophrenia as shown by retinal imaging. 
  • Microvascular dilatation after haemodialysis is determined by the volume of fluid removed and fall in mean arterial pressure. 
  • Microvascular narrowing and BP monitoring: A single centre observational study. 
  • Microvascular network alterations in retina of subjects with cerebral small vessel disease. 
  • Microvascular network alterations in the retina of patients with Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Microvascular structure and network in the retina of patients with ischemic stroke. 
  • Novel versus traditional risk markers for diabetic retinopathy. 
  • OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE FOVEA IN CHILDREN BORN PRETERM. 
  • Obesity and the microvasculature: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • Observer sensitivity to retinal vessel diameter and tortuosity in retinopathy of prematurity: a model system. 
  • Ocular Fundus Photography as a Tool to Study Stroke and Dementia. 
  • Ocular parameters of biological ageing in HIV-infected individuals in South Africa: relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers of ageing. 
  • Ophthalmic phenotypes and the representativeness of twin data for the general population. 
  • Optic disc and retinal microvasculopathy after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell support. 
  • Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density in Glaucomatous Eyes with Focal Lamina Cribrosa Defects. 
  • Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density in Healthy, Glaucoma Suspect, and Glaucoma Eyes. 
  • PERIVASCULAR THICKENING ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AS A MARKER OF INFLAMMATION IN BIRDSHOT RETINOCHOROIDITIS. 
  • Patchy ischemic retinal whitening in acute central retinal vein occlusion. 
  • Patchy ischemic retinal whitening. 
  • Pathologic changes in highly myopic eyes of young males in Singapore. 
  • Pentoxifylline increases retinal capillary blood flow velocity in patients with diabetes. 
  • Periodontitis and multiple markers of cardiometabolic risk in the fourth decade: A cohort study. 
  • Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Patients with Glaucoma and Single-Hemifield Visual Field Defect. 
  • Peripheral capillary non-perfusion in treatment-naïve proliferative diabetic retinopathy associates with postoperative disease activity 6 months after panretinal photocoagulation. 
  • Peripheral retinal vascular leakage demonstrated by ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography in preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome. 
  • Photocoagulation and local steroid-induced ocular hypertension in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Photodynamic retinal vascular thrombosis. Rate and duration of vascular occlusion. 
  • Pilot study of optical coherence tomography measurement of retinal blood flow in retinal and optic nerve diseases. 
  • Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in patients with retinal vein occlusions. 
  • Plasma sphingomyelin is not associated with microvascular changes in the retina. 
  • Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and retinal vascular calibre in type 2 diabetes. 
  • Posterior Pole Vascular Changes Before Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity. 
  • Posterior axial corneal malformation and uveoretinal angiodysgenesis--a neurocristopathy? 
  • Predicting the need for laser treatment in retinopathy of prematurity using computer-assisted quantitative vascular analysis. 
  • Prediction of incident stroke events based on retinal vessel caliber: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis. 
  • Predictive value of pre-plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Predisciform senile macular degeneration. 
  • Progressive Retinal Vasodilation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study of Retinal Vascular Geometry. 
  • Psychosocial risk factors and retinal microvascular signs: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. 
  • Quantification of retinal microvasculature and neurodegeneration changes in branch retinal vein occlusion after resolution of cystoid macular edema on optical coherence tomography angiography. 
  • Quantitative analysis of retinal vessel attenuation in eyes with retinitis pigmentosa. 
  • Quantitative and qualitative retinal microvascular characteristics and blood pressure. 
  • Quantitative genetic analysis of the retinal vascular caliber: the Australian Twins Eye Study. 
  • Quantitative retinal vascular calibre changes in diabetes and retinopathy: the Singapore Malay eye study. 
  • Quantitatively comparing weekly changes in retinal vascular characteristics of eyes eventually treated versus not treated for retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • ROPtool analysis of images acquired using a noncontact handheld fundus camera (Pictor)--a pilot study. 
  • ROPtool analysis of plus and pre-plus disease in narrow-field images: a multi-image quadrant-level approach. 
  • Racial differences in retinal vessel geometric characteristics: a multiethnic study in healthy Asians. 
  • Re: Spaide et al.: Volume-rendering optical coherence tomography angiography of macular telangiectasia type 2 (Ophthalmology 2015;122:2261-9). 
  • Real-time spectral domain Doppler optical coherence tomography and investigation of human retinal vessel autoregulation. 
  • Real-time, computer-assisted quantification of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity at the bedside. 
  • Reduction of basement membrane thickening in diabetic cat retina by sulindac. 
  • Region-specific ischemia, neovascularization and macular oedema in treatment-naïve proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Regular aspirin use and retinal microvascular signs: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. 
  • Relationship between Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Density and Severity of Visual Field Loss in Glaucoma. 
  • Relationship between retinal vascular geometry with retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer in nonglaucomatous eyes. 
  • Relationship of retinal vascular caliber with diabetes and retinopathy: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). 
  • Relationship of retinal vascular caliber with optic disc and macular structure. 
  • Relationship of retinal vascular caliber with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: the singapore malay eye study. 
  • Relationship of retinal vascular tortuosity with the neuroretinal rim: the singapore malay eye study. 
  • Relationships between age, blood pressure, and retinal vessel diameters in an older population. 
  • Relationships of retinal vessel diameters with optic disc, macular and retinal nerve fiber layer parameters in 6-year-old children. 
  • Reliability and determinants of retinal vessel oximetry measurements in healthy eyes. 
  • Reliability of computer-assisted retinal vessel measurementin a population. 
  • Reliability of different image analysis methods for scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. 
  • Reliability of retinal photography in the assessment of retinal microvascular characteristics: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. 
  • Reply: retinal arteriolar diameters and incident hypertension in initially normotensive individuals: a masked hypertension effect? 
  • Reproducibility of the retinal vascular response to flicker light in Asians. 
  • Retinal Microvascular and Neurodegenerative Changes in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Compared with Control Participants. 
  • Retinal Vascular Imaging Markers and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. 
  • Retinal Vessel Caliber and Neuropsychological functioning: An investigative tool for cognitive epidemiology 
  • Retinal Vessel Geometry and the Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. 
  • Retinal Vessel Tortuosity and Its Relation to Traditional and Novel Vascular Risk Markers in Persons with Diabetes. 
  • Retinal arteriolar changes: intermediate pathways linking early life exposures to cardiovascular disease? 
  • Retinal arteriolar dilation predicts retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. 
  • Retinal arteriolar narrowing and incidence of knee replacement for osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study. 
  • Retinal arteriolar narrowing and left ventricular hypertrophy in African Americans. the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. 
  • Retinal arteriolar narrowing and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. 
  • Retinal arteriolar narrowing and subsequent development of CKD Stage 3: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). 
  • Retinal arteriolar narrowing increases the likelihood of chronic kidney disease in hypertension. 
  • Retinal arteriolar narrowing is associated with 5-year incident severe hypertension: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. 
  • Retinal arteriolar narrowing predicts 5-year risk of hypertension in Japanese people: the Funagata study. 
  • Retinal arterioles narrow with increasing duration of anti-retroviral therapy in HIV infection: a novel estimator of vascular risk in HIV? 
  • Retinal fractal dimension is increased in persons with diabetes but not impaired glucose metabolism: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. 
  • Retinal fractals and acute lacunar stroke. 
  • Retinal ganglion cells and axons survive optic nerve transection. 
  • Retinal imaging in premature infants using the Pictor noncontact digital camera. 
  • Retinal microvascular abnormalities and MRI-defined subclinical cerebral infarction: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. 
  • Retinal microvascular abnormalities and cognitive decline: the ARIC 14-year follow-up study. 
  • Retinal microvascular abnormalities and cognitive function in Latino adults in Los Angeles. 
  • Retinal microvascular abnormalities and incident stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. 
  • Retinal microvascular abnormalities and risk of lacunar stroke: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. 
  • Retinal microvascular abnormalities and risk of renal failure in Asian populations. 
  • Retinal microvascular abnormalities and subclinical magnetic resonance imaging brain infarct: a prospective study. 
  • Retinal microvascular changes and risk of stroke: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. 
  • Retinal microvascular changes and subsequent vascular events after ischemic stroke. 
  • Retinal microvascular signs and 10-year risk of cerebral atrophy: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. 
  • Retinal microvascular signs and cognitive impairment. 
  • Retinal microvascular signs and risk of stroke: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). 
  • Retinal microvascular signs may provide clues to the underlying vasculopathy in patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage. 
  • Retinal microvascular signs, cognitive function, and dementia in older persons: the Cardiovascular Health Study. 
  • Retinal microvascular structure and function in patients with risk factors of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. 
  • Retinal microvasculature and cardiovascular health in childhood. 
  • Retinal microvasculature as a model to study the manifestations of hypertension. 
  • Retinal microvasculature in Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Retinal microvessels reflect familial vulnerability to psychotic symptoms: A comparison of twins discordant for psychotic symptoms and controls. 
  • Retinal neovascular markers in retinopathy of prematurity: aetiological implications. 
  • Retinal neovascularisation arising from hyalinised blood vessels. 
  • Retinal oximetry measures systemic hypoxia in central nervous system vessels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
  • Retinal pigment epithelial degeneration, partial retinal atrophy and macular hole in acute lymphocytic leukemia. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber and age-related macular degeneration in an Indian population from Singapore. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber and brachial flow-mediated dilation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber and diabetes in a multiethnic Asian population. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber and migraine: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber and the development of hypertension: a meta-analysis of individual participant data. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber and the long-term risk of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber between eyes with asymmetric glaucoma. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber changes after intravitreal triamcinolone treatment for diabetic macular edema. 
  • Retinal vascular calibre and the risk of coronary heart disease-related death. 
  • Retinal vascular calibre as a predictor of incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Retinal vascular calibre is altered in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a biomarker of disease activity and cardiovascular risk? 
  • Retinal vascular changes and 20-year incidence of lower extremity amputations in a cohort with diabetes. 
  • Retinal vascular changes and diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Retinal vascular changes in pre-diabetes and prehypertension: new findings and their research and clinical implications. 
  • Retinal vascular changes in retrograde optic atrophy. 
  • Retinal vascular fractal and blood pressure in a multiethnic population. 
  • Retinal vascular fractal dimension and its relationship with cardiovascular and ocular risk factors. 
  • Retinal vascular fractal dimension and risk of early diabetic retinopathy: A prospective study of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. 
  • Retinal vascular fractal dimension is associated with cognitive dysfunction. 
  • Retinal vascular fractal dimension measurement and its influence from imaging variation: results of two segmentation methods. 
  • Retinal vascular geometry and glaucoma: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. 
  • Retinal vascular geometry in Asian persons with diabetes and retinopathy. 
  • Retinal vascular geometry predicts incident renal dysfunction in young people with type 1 diabetes. 
  • Retinal vascular geometry predicts incident retinopathy in young people with type 1 diabetes: a prospective cohort study from adolescence. 
  • Retinal vascular imaging in early life: insights into processes and risk of cardiovascular disease. 
  • Retinal vascular imaging technology to monitor disease severity and complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. 
  • Retinal vascular imaging: a new tool in microvascular disease research. 
  • Retinal vascular manifestations of metabolic disorders. 
  • Retinal vascular parameter variations in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. 
  • Retinal vascular tortuosity in persons with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Retinal vascular tortuosity, blood pressure, and cardiovascular risk factors. 
  • Retinal vasculature and 5-year metabolic syndrome among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. 
  • Retinal vessel caliber and myopic retinopathy: the blue mountains eye study. 
  • Retinal vessel caliber and peripheral neuropathy in diabetic participants. 
  • Retinal vessel caliber is associated with the 10-year incidence of glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. 
  • Retinal vessel calibers predict long-term microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes: the Danish Cohort of Pediatric Diabetes 1987 (DCPD1987). 
  • Retinal vessel calibre and micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes. 
  • Retinal vessel diameter and cardiovascular mortality: pooled data analysis from two older populations. 
  • Retinal vessel diameter and open-angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. 
  • Retinal vessel diameter as a clinical predictor of diabetic retinopathy progression: time to take out the measuring tape. 
  • Retinal vessel diameters and obesity: a population-based study in older persons. 
  • Retinal vessel diameters and risk of hypertension: the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. 
  • Retinal vessel diameters and the incidence of gross proteinuria and renal insufficiency in people with type 1 diabetes. 
  • Retinal vessels and retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Retinal vessels change in primary angle-closure glaucoma: the Handan Eye Study. 
  • Retinopathy Signs Improved Prediction and Reclassification of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Diabetes: A prospective cohort study. 
  • Retinopathy and lobar intracerebral hemorrhage: insights into pathogenesis. 
  • Revised formulas for summarizing retinal vessel diameters. 
  • Risk prediction of coronary heart disease based on retinal vascular caliber (from the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities [ARIC] Study). 
  • Robust methodology for fractal analysis of the retinal vasculature. 
  • Role of neutrophils in breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier following intravitreal injection of platelet-activating factor. 
  • Sector-based optic cup segmentation with intensity and blood vessel priors. 
  • Seeing stars: Development and function of retinal astrocytes. 
  • Senior-Loken syndrome (familial renal-retinal dystrophy) and Coats' disease. 
  • Serum Phosphate and Retinal Microvascular Changes: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Beaver Dam Eye Study. 
  • Serum apolipoproteins are associated with systemic and retinal microvascular function in people with diabetes. 
  • Sex differences in retinal microvasculature through puberty in type 1 diabetes: are girls at greater risk of diabetic microvascular complications? 
  • Sex-Specific Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Retinal Microvascular Signs: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. 
  • Short-term poor glycemic control and retinal microvascular changes in pediatric Type 1 Diabetes patients in Singapore: a pilot study. 
  • Simian virus 40-induced retinopathy in the rat. 
  • Simultaneously identifying all true vessels from segmented retinal images. 
  • Sleep apnea and retinal signs in cardiovascular disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. 
  • Sleep-disordered breathing is not associated with the presence of retinal microvascular abnormalities: the Sleep Heart Health Study. 
  • Smoking, cardiovascular risk factors, and age-related macular degeneration in Asians: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. 
  • Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography in Children With Amblyopia. 
  • Structural changes in the retinal microvasculature and renal function. 
  • Subretinal Mononuclear Cells in Coats' Disease Studied with RPE65 and CD163: Evidence for Histiocytoid Pigment Epithelial Cells. 
  • Subretinal neovascularisation in ocular toxoplasmosis. 
  • Suppression of inflammatory disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with improvements in retinal microvascular health. 
  • Surgical removal of subfoveal neovascularization in idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis. 
  • Systemic associations of dynamic retinal vessel analysis: a review of current literature. 
  • Systemic toxicology and laser safety of laser targeted angiography with heat sensitive liposomes. 
  • Targeting VE-PTP activates TIE2 and stabilizes the ocular vasculature. 
  • Temporal changes in retinal microvascular caliber and blood pressure during pregnancy. 
  • Temporal changes in retinal vascular parameters associated with successful panretinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: A prospective clinical interventional study. 
  • Ten-year longitudinal changes in retinal microvascular lesions: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. 
  • The Adolescent Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial (AdDIT): retinal vascular geometry and renal function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. 
  • The Association Between Macula and ONH Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) Vessel Densities in Glaucoma, Glaucoma Suspect, and Healthy Eyes. 
  • The Flk1-myr::mCherry mouse as a useful reporter to characterize multiple aspects of ocular blood vessel development and disease. 
  • The Relationship of Retinal Vessel Geometric Characteristics to the Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. 
  • The association between ocular biometry and retinal vascular caliber is comparable from early childhood to adolescence. 
  • The clinical implications of recent studies on the structure and function of the retinal microvasculature in diabetes. 
  • The effect of arteriovenous sheathotomy on cystoid macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. 
  • The effect of pentoxifylline on retinal capillary blood flow velocity and whole blood viscosity. 
  • The effects of the apoE4 genotype on the developing mouse retina. 
  • The extraordinarily rapid disappearance of entoptic images. 
  • The long-term relation among retinal arteriolar narrowing, blood pressure, and incident severe hypertension. 
  • The metabolic syndrome and retinal microvascular signs in a Japanese population: the Funagata study. 
  • The relation of retinal microvascular characteristics to age-related eye disease: the Beaver Dam eye study. 
  • The relationship between aortic stiffness and changes in retinal microvessels among Asian ischemic stroke patients. 
  • The relationship between changes in body mass index and retinal vascular caliber in children. 
  • The relationship between retinal vessel calibre and knee cartilage and BMLs. 
  • The relationship of body fatness indices and retinal vascular caliber in children. 
  • The relationship of dietary fish intake to diabetic retinopathy and retinal vascular caliber in patients with type 2 diabetes. 
  • The relationship of retinal vascular calibre to diabetes and retinopathy: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. 
  • The relationship of retinal vessel caliber with erectile dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. 
  • The retina in type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia. 
  • The retinal vasculature as a fractal: methodology, reliability, and relationship to blood pressure. 
  • Three-dimensional pattern of extraretinal neovascular development in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Tortuosity of arterioles and venules in quantifying plus disease. 
  • Trans-arachidonic acids generated during nitrative stress induce a thrombospondin-1-dependent microvascular degeneration. 
  • Treatment Response in Sympathetic Ophthalmia as Assessed by Widefield OCT Angiography. 
  • Treatment of experimental preretinal neovascularization using photodynamic thrombosis. 
  • Tree Topology Estimation. 
  • Ultrastructural distribution of collagen types I-VI in aging human retinal vessels. 
  • Ultrastructure and clinicopathologic correlation of idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis. 
  • Urethan-induced retinopathy in pigmented rats. 
  • Usefulness of retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction as a predictor of coronary artery disease. 
  • Using video indirect ophthalmoscopy to demonstrate retinopathy of prematurity findings. 
  • Uveitis and retinal vasculitis in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat: an ultrastructural study. 
  • VEGF increases retinal vascular ICAM-1 expression in vivo. 
  • VISUAL FUNCTION AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FEATURES IN CHILDREN BORN PRETERM. 
  • Variation associated with measurement of retinal vessel diameters at different points in the pulse cycle. 
  • Vascular Findings in a Small Retinoblastoma Tumor Using OCT Angiography. 
  • Vascular Response to Sildenafil Citrate in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. 
  • Vascular dilation and tortuosity in plus disease. 
  • Velocity-resolved 3D retinal microvessel imaging using single-pass flow imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography. 
  • Vitrectomy prevents retinal hypoxia in branch retinal vein occlusion. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Charles, Hal Cecil, Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology
  • Farsiu, Sina, Professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering
  • Fekrat, Sharon, Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor for Research in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology
  • Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery
  • Stinnett, Sandra Sue, Associate Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Toth, Cynthia Ann, Joseph A.C. Wadsworth Distinguished Professor of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering