Sea Urchins

• 

  Subject Areas on Research

  • A BMP pathway regulates cell fate allocation along the sea urchin animal-vegetal embryonic axis. 
  • A Chromosome-level Genome Assembly of the Highly Heterozygous Sea Urchin Echinometra sp. EZ Reveals Adaptation in the Regulatory Regions of Stress Response Genes. 
  • A Fringe-modified Notch signal affects specification of mesoderm and endoderm in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • A comparative analysis of egg provisioning using mass spectrometry during rapid life history evolution in sea urchins. 
  • A comparative study of asymmetric migration events across a marine biogeographic boundary. 
  • A cortical granule-specific enzyme, B-1,3-glucanase, in sea urchin eggs. 
  • A genome-wide survey of the evolutionarily conserved Wnt pathways in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. 
  • A genomic regulatory network for development. 
  • A hyaline layer protein that becomes localized to the oral ectoderm and foregut of sea urchin embryos. 
  • A micromere induction signal is activated by beta-catenin and acts through notch to initiate specification of secondary mesenchyme cells in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • A molecular analysis of hyalin--a substrate for cell adhesion in the hyaline layer of the sea urchin embryo. 
  • A new method for isolating primary mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin embryo. Panning on wheat germ agglutinin-coated dishes. 
  • A provisional regulatory gene network for specification of endomesoderm in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • A sea urchin genome project: sequence scan, virtual map, and additional resources. 
  • Activation of pmar1 controls specification of micromeres in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Amyloid precursor protein 96-110 and beta-amyloid 1-42 elicit developmental anomalies in sea urchin embryos and larvae that are alleviated by neurotransmitter analogs for acetylcholine, serotonin and cannabinoids. 
  • An invertebrate model of the developmental neurotoxicity of insecticides: effects of chlorpyrifos and dieldrin in sea urchin embryos and larvae. 
  • Archenteron precursor cells can organize secondary axial structures in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Blastomere isolation and transplantation. 
  • Blocking Dishevelled signaling in the noncanonical Wnt pathway in sea urchins disrupts endoderm formation and spiculogenesis, but not secondary mesoderm formation. 
  • Branching out: origins of the sea urchin larval skeleton in development and evolution. 
  • Cell fission and formation of mini cell bodies by high frequency alternating electric field. 
  • Cell lineage conversion in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Cell polarity in sea urchin embryos: reorientation of cells occurs quickly in aggregates. 
  • Cell recognition processes in the differentiation of embryonic sea urchins. 
  • Cell-cell interactions regulate skeleton formation in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Changes in the pattern of adherens junction-associated beta-catenin accompany morphogenesis in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Characterization of moesin in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus: redistribution to the plasma membrane following fertilization is inhibited by cytochalasin B. 
  • Characterization of the role of cadherin in regulating cell adhesion during sea urchin development. 
  • Chordin is required for neural but not axial development in sea urchin embryos. 
  • Commitment along the dorsoventral axis of the sea urchin embryo is altered in response to NiCl2. 
  • Comparative Developmental Transcriptomics Reveals Rewiring of a Highly Conserved Gene Regulatory Network during a Major Life History Switch in the Sea Urchin Genus Heliocidaris. 
  • Conditional specification of endomesoderm. 
  • Conservation of Endo16 expression in sea urchins despite evolutionary divergence in both cis and trans-acting components of transcriptional regulation. 
  • Contribution of hedgehog signaling to the establishment of left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin. 
  • Cortical granule exocytosis is triggered by different thresholds of calcium during fertilisation in sea urchin eggs. 
  • Cortical reorganization following fertilization of sea urchin eggs: sensitivity to cytochalasin B. 
  • Deployment of a retinal determination gene network drives directed cell migration in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Deployment of extracellular matrix proteins in sea urchin embryogenesis. 
  • Development of a larval nervous system in the sea urchin. 
  • Developmental origin of peripheral ciliary band neurons in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Diffusible factors are responsible for differences in nuclease sensitivity among chromatins originating from different cell types. 
  • Dynamics of Delta/Notch signaling on endomesoderm segregation in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Dynamics of thin filopodia during sea urchin gastrulation. 
  • Early inductive interactions are involved in restricting cell fates of mesomeres in sea urchin embryos. 
  • EchinoDB, an application for comparative transcriptomics of deeply-sampled clades of echinoderms. 
  • Echinonectin: a new embryonic substrate adhesion protein. 
  • Ectoderm cell--ECM interaction is essential for sea urchin embryo skeletogenesis. 
  • Editorial-sea urchin special issue. 
  • Embryo dissociation, cell isolation, and cell reassociation. 
  • Embryonic cellular organization: differential restriction of fates as revealed by cell aggregates and lineage markers. 
  • Evidence for involvement of metalloendoproteases in a step in sea urchin gamete fusion. 
  • Evidence for the involvement of metalloendoproteases in the acrosome reaction in sea urchin sperm. 
  • Evolutionary Changes in the Chromatin Landscape Contribute to Reorganization of a Developmental Gene Network During Rapid Life History Evolution in Sea Urchins. 
  • Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: sea urchins. 
  • Evolutionary modification of cell lineage in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. 
  • Expression of genes and proteins of the pax-six-eya-dach network in the metamorphic sea urchin: Insights into development of the enigmatic echinoderm body plan and sensory structures. 
  • Extreme phenotypic divergence and the evolution of development. 
  • FGF signals guide migration of mesenchymal cells, control skeletal morphogenesis [corrected] and regulate gastrulation during sea urchin development. 
  • Flagellar motility requires the cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of a heat-stable NP-40-soluble 56 kd protein, axokinin. 
  • Frizzled5/8 is required in secondary mesenchyme cells to initiate archenteron invagination during sea urchin development. 
  • Gastrulation in the sea urchin. 
  • Genetic basis for divergence in developmental gene expression in two closely related sea urchins. 
  • Genomics and expression profiles of the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways in sea urchin development. 
  • Hedgehog signaling patterns mesoderm in the sea urchin. 
  • Hedgehog signaling requires motile cilia in the sea urchin. 
  • How calcium causes microtubule depolymerization. 
  • Identification and localization of a sea urchin Notch homologue: insights into vegetal plate regionalization and Notch receptor regulation. 
  • Identification of four classes of cell surface antigens appearing at gastrulation in sea urchin embryos. 
  • Identification, characterization, and functional correlation of calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase in sperm. 
  • In vitro biological activities of echinonectin. 
  • Ingression of primary mesenchyme cells of the sea urchin embryo: a precisely timed epithelial mesenchymal transition 
  • Inhibitors of metalloendoproteases block spiculogenesis in sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells. 
  • Left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin embryo: BMP and the asymmetrical origins of the adult. 
  • Lineage-specific expansions provide genomic complexity among sea urchin GTPases. 
  • LvGroucho and nuclear beta-catenin functionally compete for Tcf binding to influence activation of the endomesoderm gene regulatory network in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • LvNotch signaling mediates secondary mesenchyme specification in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • LvNotch signaling plays a dual role in regulating the position of the ectoderm-endoderm boundary in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • LvNumb works synergistically with Notch signaling to specify non-skeletal mesoderm cells in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • LvTbx2/3, a T-box Family Transcription Factor Involved in Formation of the Oral/Aboral Axis of the Sea Urchin Embryo 
  • Methodologies for Following EMT In Vivo at Single Cell Resolution. 
  • Methods for embryo dissociation and analysis of cell adhesion. 
  • Methods for transplantation of sea urchin blastomeres. 
  • Microbiome reduction and endosymbiont gain from a switch in sea urchin life history. 
  • Micromere descendants at the blastula stage are involved in normal archenteron formation in sea urchin embryos. 
  • Molecular cloning of the first metazoan beta-1,3 glucanase from eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. 
  • Morphogenesis in sea urchin embryos: linking cellular events to gene regulatory states. 
  • New insights from a high-resolution look at gastrulation in the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus. 
  • Novel origins of lineage founder cells in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. 
  • Novikoff hepatoma deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. Sensitivity of the beta-polymerase to sulfhydryl blocking agents. 
  • Nuclear RNA synthesis in sea urchin embryos. 
  • Nuclear beta-catenin is required to specify vegetal cell fates in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Nuclear beta-catenin-dependent Wnt8 signaling in vegetal cells of the early sea urchin embryo regulates gastrulation and differentiation of endoderm and mesodermal cell lineages. 
  • Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions that control nuclear envelope breakdown and entry into mitosis in the sea urchin zygote. 
  • Ocean acidification induces distinct transcriptomic responses across life history stages of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. 
  • On the role of calcium in the adhesion of embryonic sea urchin cells. 
  • On the ultrastructure of hyalin, a cell adhesion protein of the sea urchin embryo extracellular matrix. 
  • Ontogeny of the basal lamina in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • PI3K inhibitors block skeletogenesis but not patterning in sea urchin embryos. 
  • Pattern formation during gastrulation in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Perturbations to the hedgehog pathway in sea urchin embryos. 
  • Promoter logic. 
  • Protein tyrosine and serine-threonine phosphatases in the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: identification and potential functions. 
  • Purification of kinesin-related protein complexes from eggs and embryos. 
  • RTK and TGF-beta signaling pathways genes in the sea urchin genome. 
  • Rearing larvae of sea urchins and sea stars for developmental studies. 
  • Recent reconfiguration of an ancient developmental gene regulatory network in Heliocidaris sea urchins. 
  • Regulated exocytosis and sequential construction of the extracellular matrix surrounding the sea urchin zygote. 
  • Regulative capacity of the archenteron during gastrulation in the sea urchin. 
  • Regulatory logic and pattern formation in the early sea urchin embryo. 
  • Reprint of: Conditional specification of endomesoderm. 
  • Sea Urchin Morphogenesis. 
  • Sea urchin embryonic development provides a model for evaluating therapies against beta-amyloid toxicity. 
  • Sea urchin embryos and larvae as biosensors for neurotoxicants. 
  • Sea urchin hyalin: appearance and function in development. 
  • Separation of ectoderm and endoderm from sea urchin pluteus larvae and demonstration of germ layer-specific antigens. 
  • Sequential expression of germ-layer specific molecules in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Shift in nucleosome populations during embryogenesis: microheterogeneity in nucleosomes during development of the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Short-range Wnt5 signaling initiates specification of sea urchin posterior ectoderm. 
  • Skeletal pattern is specified autonomously by the primary mesenchyme cells in sea urchin embryos. 
  • SpHnf6, a transcription factor that executes multiple functions in sea urchin embryogenesis. 
  • Spatial vision in the echinoid genus Echinometra. 
  • Spdeadringer, a sea urchin embryo gene required separately in skeletogenic and oral ectoderm gene regulatory networks. 
  • Specification of endoderm and mesoderm in the sea urchin. 
  • Specification to biomineralization: following a single cell type as it constructs a skeleton. 
  • Specificity of cell adhesion: differences between normal and hybrid sea urchin cells. 
  • Specificity of cell-cell interactions in sea urchin embryos. Appearance of new cell-surface determinants at gastrulation. 
  • Stage-specific expression of beta-1, 3-glucanase in sea urchin embryos and hybrids. 
  • Storage and mobilization of extracellular matrix proteins during sea urchin development. 
  • Structural differences in the chromatin from compartmentalized cells of the sea urchin embryo: differential nuclease accessibility of micromere chromatin. 
  • Studies on the in vivo sensitivity of spindle microtubules to calcium ions and evidence for a vesicular calcium-sequestering system. 
  • Surface antigens involved in interactions of embryonic sea urchin cells. 
  • Sutural loosening and skeletal flexibility during growth: determination of drop-like shapes in sea urchins. 
  • Target recognition by the archenteron during sea urchin gastrulation. 
  • Temporal sequence and spatial distribution of early events of fertilization in single sea urchin eggs. 
  • The "lecithotrophic" sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma lacks typical yolk platelets and yolk glycoproteins. 
  • The Role of Brachyruy (T) During Gastrulations Movement in the Sea Urchin, Lytechinus variegatus 
  • The Shortest Nucleosomal Repeat Lengths during Sea Urchin Development are Found in Two-Cell Embryos 
  • The allocation of early blastomeres to the ectoderm and endoderm is variable in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • The canonical Wnt pathway in embryonic axis polarity. 
  • The control of foxN2/3 expression in sea urchin embryos and its function in the skeletogenic gene regulatory network. 
  • The dorsoventral axis is specified prior to first cleavage in the direct developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. 
  • The genomic underpinnings of apoptosis in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. 
  • The origin of spicule-forming cells in a 'primitive' sea urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides) which appears to lack primary mesenchyme cells. 
  • The regulation of primary mesenchyme cell migration in the sea urchin embryo: transplantations of cells and latex beads. 
  • The role of thin filopodia in motility and morphogenesis. 
  • The sea urchin embryo as a model for mammalian developmental neurotoxicity: ontogenesis of the high-affinity choline transporter and its role in cholinergic trophic activity. 
  • The sea urchin embryo, an invertebrate model for mammalian developmental neurotoxicity, reveals multiple neurotransmitter mechanisms for effects of chlorpyrifos: therapeutic interventions and a comparison with the monoamine depleter, reserpine. 
  • The sea urchin kinome: a first look. 
  • Three cell recognition changes accompany the ingression of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells. 
  • Tissue-specific, temporal changes in cell adhesion to echinonectin in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • Transcriptomic analysis of the highly derived radial body plan of a sea urchin. 
  • Twist is an essential regulator of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network in the sea urchin embryo 
  • Two embryonic, tissue-specific molecules identified by a double-label immunofluorescence technique for monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Unlocking mechanisms of development through advances in tools. 
  • Vasa protein expression is restricted to the small micromeres of the sea urchin, but is inducible in other lineages early in development. 
  • Walking versus breathing: mechanical differentiation of sea urchin podia corresponds to functional specialization. 
  • Whole-genome positive selection and habitat-driven evolution in a shallow and a deep-sea urchin. 
  • Wnt6 activates endoderm in the sea urchin gene regulatory network. 
  • Wound healing: The power of the purse string. 
  • Wound repair in sea urchin larvae involves pigment cells and blastocoelar cells. 
  • [Cholinergic regulation of the sea urchin embryonic and larval development]. 
  • alphaSU2, an epithelial integrin that binds laminin in the sea urchin embryo. 
  • p38 MAPK is essential for secondary axis specification and patterning in sea urchin embryos. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Cell Biology
  • Wray, Gregory Allan, Professor of Biology, Evolutionary Anthropology