Sex Characteristics

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 17beta-estradiol differentially activates mitogen-activated protein-kinases and improves survival following reperfusion injury of reduced-size liver in mice. 
  • A Functional Interleukin-18 Haplotype Predicts Depression and Anxiety through Increased Threat-Related Amygdala Reactivity in Women but Not Men. 
  • A case-only approach for assessing gene by sex interaction in human longevity. 
  • A general population study of fibromyalgia tender points in noninstitutionalized adults with chronic widespread pain. 
  • A genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin reveals multiple Loci implicated in sex steroid hormone regulation. 
  • A kiss is not a kiss: visually evoked neuromagnetic fields reveal differential sensitivities to brief presentations of kissing couples. 
  • A membrane-associated progesterone-binding protein, 25-Dx, is regulated by progesterone in brain regions involved in female reproductive behaviors. 
  • A new outcome measure for LUTS: Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network Symptom Index-29 (LURN SI-29) questionnaire. 
  • A prognostic model for patients with end-stage liver disease. 
  • A prospective study examining the effects of gender and sexual/physical abuse on mood outcomes in patients with co-occurring bipolar I and substance use disorders. 
  • A retrospective analysis of the long-term effect of splenectomy on late infections, graft-versus-host disease, relapse, and survival after allogeneic marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. 
  • A review of sex-specific benefits and risks of antithrombotic therapy in acute coronary syndrome. 
  • A sex-specific relationship between capillary density and anaerobic threshold. 
  • A wider pelvis does not increase locomotor cost in humans, with implications for the evolution of childbirth. 
  • Abundant gene conversion between arms of palindromes in human and ape Y chromosomes. 
  • Accelerated accumulation of health deficits as a characteristic of aging. 
  • Accumulation of health disorders as a systemic measure of aging: Findings from the NLTCS data. 
  • Accuracy of 30-day recall for components of sexual function and the moderating effects of gender and mood. 
  • Acute Myocardial Infarction in Women: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. 
  • Acute Vaso-Occlusive Pain is Temporally Associated with the Onset of Menstruation in Women with Sickle Cell Disease. 
  • Adolescent Development of Cortical and White Matter Structure in the NCANDA Sample: Role of Sex, Ethnicity, Puberty, and Alcohol Drinking. 
  • Advancing the study of stroke in women: summary and recommendations for future research from an NINDS-Sponsored Multidisciplinary Working Group. 
  • Age and comorbidities are effect modifiers of gender disparities in renal transplantation. 
  • Age and sex differences in oxytocin and vasopressin V1a receptor binding densities in the rat brain: focus on the social decision-making network. 
  • Age and sex effects on brain morphology. 
  • Age, gender, and cancer but not neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases strongly modulate systemic effect of the Apolipoprotein E4 allele on lifespan. 
  • Age-dependent sexual dimorphism in cognition and stress response in the 3xTg-AD mice. 
  • Aging, gender, and the elderly adult brain: an examination of analytical strategies. 
  • Alcohol and cognition - consideration of age of initiation, usage patterns and gender: a brief review. 
  • Alcoholism and judgments of affective stimuli. 
  • Alternate analysis strategies for retrospective assessment of outcomes with a male donor-only plasma policy. 
  • An assessment of oropharyngeal airway position using a fibreoptic bronchoscope. 
  • An evaluation of new methods of expressing aortic aneurysm size: relationship to rupture. 
  • Analysis of alcohol-related phenotypes in F2 progeny derived from FH/Wjd and ACI/N rat strains reveals independent measures and sex differences. 
  • Analysis of change in self-reported physical function among older persons in four population studies. 
  • Androgen regulation of rat renal angiotensinogen messenger RNA expression. 
  • Anogenital distance at birth as a predictor of volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and pituitary responsiveness in castrated adult rats. 
  • Anterior cingulate cortex gray matter volume mediates an association between 2D:4D ratio and trait aggression in women but not men. 
  • Anxiety-like behaviors in mice lacking GIT2. 
  • Are developing beta-adrenoceptors able to desensitize? Acute and chronic effects of beta-agonists in neonatal heart and liver. 
  • Assessing Impact of Weight on Quality of Life. 
  • Assessing weight-related quality of life in adolescents. 
  • Assessment of choroidal thickness in healthy and glaucomatous eyes using swept source optical coherence tomography. 
  • Assessment of gene-by-sex interaction effect on bone mineral density. 
  • Association of C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in a rural Chinese population. 
  • Association of Maternal and Infant Salivary Testosterone and Cortisol and Infant Gender With Mother-Infant Interaction in Very-Low-Birthweight Infants. 
  • Association of gender with outcomes in critically ill patients. 
  • Association of genetic variants in the HDL receptor, SR-B1, with abnormal lipids in women with coronary artery disease. 
  • Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender. 
  • Associations among the NEO Personality Inventory, Revised and the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region in elders: effects of depression and gender. 
  • Associations between prenatal and postnatal growth and adult body size and composition. 
  • Attained educational level and incident atherothrombotic events in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. 
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms and smoking trajectories: race and gender differences. 
  • Autofeedback suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion in transgenic mice expressing a human GH reporter targeted by tyrosine hydroxylase 5'-flanking sequences to the hypothalamus. 
  • BMI and health-related quality of life in adults 65 years and older. 
  • Bisphenol A delays the perinatal chloride shift in cortical neurons by epigenetic effects on the Kcc2 promoter. 
  • Body size, brain size, and sexual dimorphism in Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber. 
  • Body weight and fat deposition in prolactin receptor-deficient mice. 
  • Bonobos have a more human-like second-to-fourth finger length ratio (2D:4D) than chimpanzees: a hypothesized indication of lower prenatal androgens. 
  • Cancer in rodents: does it tell us about cancer in humans? 
  • Carcinogenicity and toxicity of inhaled nitrobenzene in B6C3F1 mice and F344 and CD rats. 
  • Cardiac morphology and function in senescent rats: gender-related differences. 
  • Cardiology patient page. Heart attack and stroke prevention in women. 
  • Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes. A statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association. 
  • Case study: heart transplantation--increased incidence of acute rejection in female recipients. 
  • Causes of death in the Kasekela chimpanzees of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. 
  • Characteristics and appearance of the normal optic nerve head in 6-year-old children. 
  • Characterization of banked umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells and lymphocyte subsets and correlation with ethnicity, birth weight, sex, and type of delivery: a Cord Blood Transplantation (COBLT) Study report. 
  • Characterizing individual differences in functional connectivity using dual-regression and seed-based approaches. 
  • Chlorpyrifos exposure during a critical neonatal period elicits gender-selective deficits in the development of coordination skills and locomotor activity. 
  • Choline-induced spatial memory facilitation correlates with altered distribution and morphology of septal neurons. 
  • Closing the gap: treating hypertension in women. 
  • Comorbidity moderates response to methylphenidate in the Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS). 
  • Comparison of polysomnographic data in age-, sex- and Axis I psychiatric diagnosis matched HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative insomnia patients. 
  • Consistency of hand-preference across the early years: long-term relationship to verbal intelligence and reading achievement in girls. 
  • Convergent evolution of chicken Z and human X chromosomes by expansion and gene acquisition. 
  • Correlates of serum lutein + zeaxanthin: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 
  • Cyclic Regulation of Sensory Perception by a Female Hormone Alters Behavior. 
  • DNA regulatory sequences of the rat tyrosine hydroxylase gene direct correct catecholaminergic cell-type specificity of a human growth hormone reporter in the CNS of transgenic mice causing a dwarf phenotype. 
  • Depression inhibits the anti-inflammatory effects of leisure time physical activity and light to moderate alcohol consumption. 
  • Determinants of exhaled nitric oxide levels in healthy, nonsmoking African American adults. 
  • Development of behaviors in preterm infants: relation to sleeping and waking. 
  • Development of cooperative territoriality in juvenile lions. 
  • Development of germ cells in the mouse. 
  • Developmental Neurotoxicity of Tobacco Smoke Directed Toward Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems: More Than Just Nicotine. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of parathion: progressive effects on serotonergic systems in adolescence and adulthood. 
  • Diastolic dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: the role of gender and age-gender interaction. 
  • Dietary intake of palmitate and oleate has broad impact on systemic and tissue lipid profiles in humans. 
  • Differences by race, sex and age in the clinical and immunologic features of recently diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patients in the southeastern United States. 
  • Differences in skeletal muscle between men and women with chronic heart failure. 
  • Differences in the cognitive skills of bonobos and chimpanzees. 
  • Different immune cells mediate mechanical pain hypersensitivity in male and female mice. 
  • Differential patterns of amygdala and ventral striatum activation predict gender-specific changes in sexual risk behavior. 
  • Digital ranges of motion: normal values in young adults. 
  • Diversity in the weapons of sexual selection: horn evolution in the beetle genus Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). 
  • Dmrt1 induces the male pathway in a turtle species with temperature-dependent sex determination. 
  • Dopamine release and uptake are greater in female than male rat striatum as measured by fast cyclic voltammetry. 
  • Dose-response characteristics of neonatal exposure to genistein on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone and volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA) in postpubertal castrated female rats. 
  • Dry Eye Disease: Consideration for Women's Health. 
  • Ecological context and the importance of body and gnathopod size for pairing success in two amphipod ecomorphs. 
  • Effect of anatomical variability on electric field characteristics of electroconvulsive therapy and magnetic seizure therapy: a parametric modeling study. 
  • Effect of caloric restriction with and without exercise on metabolic intermediates in nonobese men and women. 
  • Effect of neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure on luteinizing hormone secretion following ketamine anesthesia and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in castrated postpubertal rats. 
  • Effect of neonatal diethylstilbestrol exposure on volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in female rats of known anogenital distance at birth. 
  • Effect of sex on ethanol consumption and conditioned taste aversion in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Effect of sex on the induction of anti-DNA antibodies in normal mice immunized with bacterial DNA. 
  • Effects of age and exercise on physiological dead space during simulated dives at 2.8 ATA. 
  • Effects of environmental stress and gender on associations among symptoms of depression and the serotonin transporter gene linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR). 
  • Effects of gender and ethnic group on blood pressure control in the elderly. 
  • Effects of plant sex on range distributions and allocation to reproduction. 
  • Effects of sex and gonadectomy on cocaine metabolism in the rat. 
  • Effects of smoking and telic/paratelic dominance on the contingent negative variation (CNV). 
  • Effects of stress and sex on acquisition and consolidation of human fear conditioning. 
  • Efficacy of an adeno-associated virus 8-pseudotyped vector in glycogen storage disease type II. 
  • Elevated blood pressure and enhanced myocardial contractility in mice with severe IGF-1 deficiency. 
  • Elevated plasma cholecystokinin and appetitive ratings after consumption of a liquid meal in humans. 
  • Emergence of sex differences in the development of substance use and abuse during adolescence. 
  • Emotional task management: neural correlates of switching between affective and non-affective task-sets. 
  • Enhanced subcortical spreading depression in familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutant mice. 
  • Establishment of stably EBV-transformed cell lines from residual clinical blood samples for use in performance evaluation and quality assurance in molecular genetic testing. 
  • Estrogen levels in childhood determined by an ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay. 
  • Estrogen pathway polymorphisms in relation to primary open angle glaucoma: an analysis accounting for gender from the United States. 
  • Estrogen receptor-beta mediates male-female differences in the development of pressure overload hypertrophy. 
  • Ethnic differences among substance-abusing adolescents in a treatment dissemination project. 
  • Ethnic differences in hemodynamic responses to stress in hypertensive men and women. 
  • Ethnicity, gender, and age effects on adrenoceptors and physiological responses to emotional stress. 
  • Ethylenecarbodiimide-treated splenocytes carrying male CD4 epitopes confer histocompatibility Y chromosome antigen transplant protection by inhibiting CD154 upregulation. 
  • Eulemur, me lemur: the evolution of scent-signal complexity in a primate clade. 
  • Evaluation and treatment of male and female pattern hair loss. 
  • Evidence for substantial effect modification by gender in a large-scale genetic association study of the metabolic syndrome among coronary heart disease patients. 
  • Evolution of novel abdominal appendages in a sepsid fly from histoblasts, not imaginal discs. 
  • Evolutionary biology: significance of primate sexual swellings. 
  • Evolutionary dynamics of sexual size dimorphism in non-volant mammals following their independent colonization of Madagascar. 
  • Examination of factors associated with instability of the FMR1 CGG repeat. 
  • Exposure assessment and gender differences. 
  • Exposure to naturally circulating androgens during foetal life incurs direct reproductive costs in female spotted hyenas, but is prerequisite for male mating. 
  • Expression and hormonal regulation of coactivator and corepressor genes. 
  • Extent of and reasons for nonuse of implantable cardioverter defibrillator devices in clinical practice among eligible patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. 
  • External genital morphology of the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta): females are naturally "masculinized". 
  • Facial pain with localized and widespread manifestations: separate pathways of vulnerability. 
  • Factors influencing food choices of adolescents: findings from focus-group discussions with adolescents. 
  • Factors related to morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure with systolic dysfunction: the HF-ACTION predictive risk score model. 
  • Fear of movement (kinesiophobia), pain, and psychopathology in patients with sickle cell disease. 
  • Femoral neck fractures after metal-on-metal total hip resurfacing: a prospective cohort study. 
  • Fetal and adolescent nicotine administration: effects on CNS serotonergic systems. 
  • Field methods for capture and measurement of three monkey species in Costa Rica. 
  • Friendship in childhood and adulthood: lessons across the life span. 
  • Functional implications of sexual dimorphism of transporter patterns along the rat proximal tubule: modeling and analysis. 
  • G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 polymorphisms and blood pressure response to metoprolol among African Americans: sex-specificity and interactions. 
  • Gender and acute myocardial infarction: is there a different response to thrombolysis? 
  • Gender difference in cocaine-induced HPA axis activation. 
  • Gender difference in smoking effect on chromosome sensitivity to gamma radiation in a healthy population. 
  • Gender differences among veterans deployed in support of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. 
  • Gender differences in acute and chronic pain in the emergency department: results of the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference pain section. 
  • Gender differences in autobiographical memory for everyday events: retrieval elicited by SenseCam images versus verbal cues. 
  • Gender differences in cholesterol nucleation in native bile: estrogen is a potential contributory factor. 
  • Gender differences in drug effects: implications for anesthesiologists. 
  • Gender differences in health care utilization among veterans with chronic pain. 
  • Gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8 responses in the reproductive tract and colon following nasal peptide priming and modified vaccinia virus Ankara boosting. 
  • Gender differences in infective endocarditis: pre- and co-morbid conditions lead to different management and outcomes in female patients. 
  • Gender differences in molecular remodeling in pressure overload hypertrophy. 
  • Gender differences in pain, coping, and mood in individuals having osteoarthritic knee pain: a within-day analysis. 
  • Gender differences in patient-spouse interactions: a sequential analysis of behavioral interactions in patients having osteoarthritic knee pain. 
  • Gender differences in postinfarction left ventricular remodeling. 
  • Gender differences in survival in advanced heart failure. Insights from the FIRST study. 
  • Gender differences in the motivational processing of babies are determined by their facial attractiveness. 
  • Gender differences in the risk of HIV infection among persons reporting abstinence, monogamy, and multiple sexual partners in northern Tanzania. 
  • Gender, depressive subtypes, and gender-age effects on antidepressant response: hormonal hypotheses. 
  • Gender-related differences in the tensile strength of abdominal aortic aneurysm. 
  • Gender-specific effects of prenatal and adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke on auditory and visual attention. 
  • Gender-specific methylation differences in relation to prenatal exposure to cigarette smoke. 
  • Gender-specific vulnerability for rCBF abnormalities among cocaine abusers. 
  • Gene by sex interaction in the etiology of coronary heart disease and the preceding metabolic syndrome. 
  • Generation of a microglial developmental index in mice and in humans reveals a sex difference in maturation and immune reactivity. 
  • Genes implicated in serotonergic and dopaminergic functioning predict BMI categories. 
  • Genetic influences on CHD-death and the impact of known risk factors: comparison of two frailty models. 
  • Genome-wide analysis of genetic predisposition to Alzheimer's disease and related sex disparities. 
  • Genome-wide association for abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose reveals a novel locus for visceral fat in women. 
  • Gestational dexamethasone treatment elicits sex-dependent alterations in locomotor activity, reward-based memory and hippocampal cholinergic function in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Gonadal steroids mediate the opposite changes in cocaine-induced locomotion across adolescence in male and female rats. 
  • Granule cells in aging rats are sexually dimorphic in their response to estradiol. 
  • Gut-immune-brain dysfunction in Autism: Importance of sex. 
  • Hand preference status and reach kinematics in infants. 
  • Haploinsufficient phenotypes in Bmp4 heterozygous null mice and modification by mutations in Gli3 and Alx4. 
  • Harmonizing DTI measurements across scanners to examine the development of white matter microstructure in 803 adolescents of the NCANDA study. 
  • Health decline, aging and mortality: how are they related? 
  • Helping relationships and genetic propensities: a combinatoric study of DRD2, mentoring, and educational continuation. 
  • Hepatic cytochrome P-4503A (CYP3A) activity in the elderly. 
  • Heritability of cardiovascular and personality traits in 6,148 Sardinians. 
  • Heterogeneity of CYP3A isoforms metabolizing erythromycin and cortisol. 
  • Hierarchical topological network analysis of anatomical human brain connectivity and differences related to sex and kinship. 
  • Homogeneity of intrinsic properties of sexually dimorphic vocal motoneurons in male and female zebra finches. 
  • Hypertriglyceridemia in Dahl rats: effect of sodium intake and gender. 
  • Hypertrophic remodeling: gender differences in the early response to left ventricular pressure overload. 
  • Hypertrophy of basal forebrain neurons and enhanced visuospatial memory in perinatally choline-supplemented rats. 
  • Hypoglossal canal size in living hominoids and the evolution of human speech. 
  • Identification of Euro-Americans, Afro-Americans, and Amerindians from palatal dimensions. 
  • Identification of co-regulated transcripts affecting male body size in Drosophila. 
  • Impact of Gender Disparities on Short-Term and Long-Term Patient Reported Outcomes and Satisfaction Measures After Elective Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Single Institutional Study of 384 Patients. 
  • Impact of hypocapnia and cerebral perfusion on orthostatic tolerance. 
  • Impaired plasmalogens in patients with schizophrenia. 
  • In vivo stereological assessment of caudate volume in man: effect of normal aging. 
  • In vivo stereological assessment of human cerebellar volume: effects of gender and age. 
  • In vivo vomeronasal stimulation reveals sensory encoding of conspecific and allospecific cues by the mouse accessory olfactory bulb. 
  • Incidence and predictors of cetuximab hypersensitivity reactions in a North Carolina academic medical center. 
  • Increased circulating interleukin-7 levels in HIV-1-infected women. 
  • Individual differences in nicotine dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and sex predict transient fMRI-BOLD responses to smoking cues. 
  • Infarct size, left ventricular function, and prognosis in women compared to men after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results from an individual patient-level pooled analysis of 10 randomized trials. 
  • Influence of genotype, dose and sex on pruritogen-induced scratching behavior in the mouse. 
  • Influences of Age, Sex, and Moderate Alcohol Drinking on the Intrinsic Functional Architecture of Adolescent Brains. 
  • Internalizing disorders and leukocyte telomere erosion: a prospective study of depression, generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. 
  • Intertask consistency of hemodynamic responses to laboratory stressors in a biracial sample of men and women. 
  • Interuncal distance as a measure of hippocampal atrophy: normative data on axial MR imaging. 
  • Intracranial volume and dementia: some evidence in support of the cerebral reserve hypothesis. 
  • Introduction to the Special Issue of Brain, Behavior, and Immunity: Gender, Ethnicity and Immunity: the new frontier. 
  • Investigating patient characteristics on pain assessment using virtual human technology. 
  • Juvenile dominance in Eulemur macaco flavifrons: the influence of sex and maternal rank. 
  • Laboratory pain perception and clinical pain in post-menopausal women and age-matched men with osteoarthritis: relationship to pain coping and hormonal status. 
  • Laboratory-based blood pressure recovery is a predictor of ambulatory blood pressure. 
  • Lack of consistent sex differences in D-amphetamine-induced dopamine release measured with [18F]fallypride PET. 
  • Largest GWAS of PTSD (N=20 070) yields genetic overlap with schizophrenia and sex differences in heritability. 
  • Lasting effects of developmental dexamethasone treatment on neural cell number and size, synaptic activity, and cell signaling: critical periods of vulnerability, dose-effect relationships, regional targets, and sex selectivity. 
  • Leptin in the newborn mouse. Plasma concentrations, characterization of the circulating hormone, and tissue source. 
  • Lifestyle, occupational, and reproductive factors in relation to pancreatic cancer risk. 
  • Local Dkk1 crosstalk from breeding ornaments impedes regeneration of injured male zebrafish fins. 
  • Long-lasting CNS effects of a short-term chemical knockout of ornithine decarboxylase during development: nicotinic cholinergic receptor upregulation and subtle macromolecular changes in adulthood. 
  • Lymphocyte and monocyte subset changes during cardiopulmonary bypass: effects of aging and gender. 
  • MR assessment of pituitary gland morphology in healthy volunteers: age- and gender-related differences. 
  • Male-specific cell migration into the developing gonad. 
  • Males and females use different distal cues in a virtual environment navigation task. 
  • Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators. 
  • Many college freshmen drink at levels far beyond the binge threshold. 
  • Mapping genes for NIDDM. Design of the Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics (FUSION) Study. 
  • Maternal cortisol disproportionately impacts fetal growth in male offspring: evidence from the Philippines. 
  • Measured versus estimated creatinine clearance in a high-functioning elderly sample: MacArthur Foundation Study of Successful Aging. 
  • Mechanisms of polyclonal B-cell activation in autoimmune B6-lpr/lpr mice. 
  • Medication discontinuation after curative surgery for sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. 
  • Men: good health and high mortality. Sex differences in health and aging. 
  • Mental health antecedents of early midlife insomnia: evidence from a four-decade longitudinal study. 
  • Menthol disrupts nicotine's psychostimulant properties in an age and sex-dependent manner in C57BL/6J mice. 
  • Microglia Sculpt Sex Differences in Social Behavior. 
  • Modularity and scaling in fast movements: power amplification in mantis shrimp. 
  • Morphometric three-dimensional computed tomography anatomy of the hypoglossal canal. 
  • Morphometrics and growth in captive aye-ayes (Daubentonia madagascariensis). 
  • Mortality dynamics of density in the Mediterranean fruit fly. 
  • Mortality oscillations induced by periodic starvation alter sex-mortality differentials in Mediterranean fruit flies. 
  • Mucosal candidiasis elicits NF-κB activation, proinflammatory gene expression and localized neutrophilia in zebrafish. 
  • Mutations in filamin 1 prevent migration of cerebral cortical neurons in human periventricular heterotopia. 
  • Neandertal scapular glenoid morphology. 
  • Neonatal dexamethasone treatment leads to alterations in cell signaling cascades controlling hepatic and cardiac function in adulthood. 
  • Neural crest-derived neurons invade the ovary but not the testis during mouse gonad development. 
  • New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution. 
  • Nicotine administration in adolescence reprograms the subsequent response to nicotine treatment and withdrawal in adulthood: sex-selective effects on cerebrocortical serotonergic function. 
  • Nicotine is a neurotoxin in the adolescent brain: critical periods, patterns of exposure, regional selectivity, and dose thresholds for macromolecular alterations. 
  • Nicotinic alpha7- or beta2-containing receptor knockout: effects on radial-arm maze learning and long-term nicotine consumption in mice. 
  • Normative bladder diary measurements: night versus day. 
  • Novelty-induced locomotion is positively associated with cocaine ingestion in adolescent rats; anxiety is correlated in adults. 
  • Obesity and sexual quality of life. 
  • Obesity increases sensitivity to endotoxin liver injury: implications for the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. 
  • Off-pump techniques benefit men and women and narrow the disparity in mortality after coronary bypass grafting. 
  • On sexual dimorphism in immune function. 
  • Organizational and activational androgens, lemur social play, and the ontogeny of female dominance. 
  • Osteoarthritis and the metabolic syndrome: more evidence that the etiology of OA is different in men and women. 
  • Outcomes of Women Compared With Men After Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes. 
  • Pain modality- and sex-specific effects of COMT genetic functional variants. 
  • Parkinson's disease in women: a call for improved clinical studies and for comparative effectiveness research. 
  • Paternal nicotine exposure in rats produces long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in the offspring. 
  • Pediatricians' own weight: self-perception, misclassification, and ease of counseling. 
  • Performance of elderly White and African American community residents on the abbreviated CERAD Boston Naming Test. 
  • Perinatal diazinon exposure compromises the development of acetylcholine and serotonin systems. 
  • Permanent, sex-selective effects of prenatal or adolescent nicotine exposure, separately or sequentially, in rat brain regions: indices of cholinergic and serotonergic synaptic function, cell signaling, and neural cell number and size at 6 months of age. 
  • Persistent and delayed behavioral changes after nicotine treatment in adolescent rats. 
  • Persisting behavioral consequences of prenatal domoic acid exposure in rats. 
  • Personal, behavioral, and environmental risk and protective factors for adolescent overweight. 
  • Personality traits in Sardinia: testing founder population effects on trait means and variances. 
  • Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone secretion in humans induced by growth hormone releasing hormone. 
  • Physical activity as a predictor of body composition in American Indian children. 
  • Polymorphisms of the scavenger receptor class B member 1 are associated with insulin resistance with evidence of gene by sex interaction. 
  • Postoperative nausea and vomiting. A retrospective analysis in patients undergoing elective craniotomy. 
  • Posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain Injury: Sex differences in veterans. 
  • Postural syncope after marijuana: a transcranial Doppler study of the hemodynamics. 
  • Potent P2Y12 Inhibitors in Men Versus Women: A Collaborative Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. 
  • Pparg-P465L mutation worsens hyperglycemia in Ins2-Akita female mice via adipose-specific insulin resistance and storage dysfunction. 
  • Predation by female chimpanzees: Toward an understanding of sex differences in meat acquisition in the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo. 
  • Predicting antipsychotic use in children. 
  • Prediction of sustained ventricular tachycardia inducible by programmed stimulation in patients with coronary artery disease. Utility of clinical variables. 
  • Predictors of consent to pharmacogenomics testing in the IDEAL study. 
  • Predictors of short-term changes in serum intact parathyroid hormone levels in hemodialysis patients: role of phosphorus, calcium, and gender. 
  • Prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure in rats causes persistent behavioral alterations. 
  • Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion, and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule behavior. 
  • Prenatal cocaine eliminates the sex-dependent differences in activation observed in adult rats after cocaine challenge. 
  • Prevalence and management of hypertension in acute coronary syndrome patients varies by sex: observations from the Sibrafiban versus aspirin to Yield Maximum Protection from ischemic Heart events postacute cOroNary sYndromes (SYMPHONY) randomized clinical trials. 
  • Prevalence of heparin-associated antibodies without thrombosis in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. 
  • Prevalence of heterozygotes for hemochromatosis in the white population of the United States. 
  • Prevalences of type 2 diabetes, the insulin resistance syndrome, and coronary heart disease in an elderly, biethnic population. 
  • Primate brain architecture and selection in relation to sex. 
  • Progesterone inhibits glucocorticoid-induced murine thymocyte apoptosis. 
  • Progression of cognitive, functional, and neuropsychiatric symptom domains in a population cohort with Alzheimer dementia: the Cache County Dementia Progression study. 
  • Proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of pregnenolone in schizophrenia. 
  • Prospective study of protein-energy supplementation early in life and of growth in the subsequent generation in Guatemala. 
  • Proton spectroscopy of human brain: effects of age and sex. 
  • Psychosocial outcomes in a weight loss camp for overweight youth. 
  • Puberty and dispersal in a wild primate population. 
  • Pure annular dilation as a cause of mitral regurgitation: a clinically distinct entity of female heart disease. 
  • Putting together phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives on empathy. 
  • Quadriceps and hamstrings muscle control in athletic males and females. 
  • Quality of song learning affects female response to male bird song. 
  • RSPO3 impacts body fat distribution and regulates adipose cell biology in vitro. 
  • Race and sex differences in small-molecule metabolites and metabolic hormones in overweight and obese adults. 
  • Race, sex, and puberty influence onset, severity, and outcome in juvenile myasthenia gravis. 
  • Rapid Brain Nicotine Uptake from Electronic Cigarettes. 
  • Re: Distinguishing Between Sex and Gender Is Critical for Research in Transplantation. 
  • Regional, age and sex differences in baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS). 
  • Relationships of plasma C-peptide and gender to the urinary excretion of inositols in older people. 
  • Relative effects of statin therapy on stroke and cardiovascular events in men and women: secondary analysis of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) Study. 
  • Relative growth of the limbs and trunk in sifakas: heterochronic, ecological, and functional considerations. 
  • Reperfusion and revascularization strategies for coronary artery disease in women. 
  • Replication studies in longevity: puzzling findings in Danish centenarians at the 3'APOB-VNTR locus. 
  • Reporting Laboratory and Animal Research in ANESTHESIOLOGY: The Importance of Sex as a Biologic Variable. 
  • Reproduction and population growth in free-ranging mantled howling monkeys. 
  • Response of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to exercise training in an at-risk population. 
  • Responses of mud snails from low and high imposex sites to sex pheromones. 
  • Rheumatic heart disease and other valvular disorders in women. 
  • Rhythmicity and response to A.M. and P.M. CRH challenge in elderly subjects. 
  • Robust age, but limited sex, differences in mu-opioid receptors in the rat brain: relevance for reward and drug-seeking behaviors in juveniles. 
  • Role of aerobic fitness and aging on cerebral white matter integrity. 
  • Role of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 in the kidney. 
  • Role of monoamine-oxidase-A-gene variation in the development of glioblastoma in males: a case control study. 
  • Seasonality, sociality, and reproduction: Long-term stressors of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). 
  • Secondary sexual characteristics in children with cerebral palsy and moderate to severe motor impairment: a cross-sectional survey. 
  • Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. 
  • Serum Cholesterol Levels within the High Normal Range Are Associated with Better Cognitive Performance among Chinese Elderly. 
  • Serum hyaluronan levels and radiographic knee and hip osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. 
  • Sex Difference in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure Undergoing Surgical Revascularization: Results From the STICH Trial (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure). 
  • Sex Differences in Biological Markers of Health in the Study of Stress, Aging and Health in Russia. 
  • Sex Differences in Cognitive Decline in Subjects with High Likelihood of Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Sex Differences in Gene and Protein Expression After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. 
  • Sex Differences in Genetic Associations With Longevity. 
  • Sex Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: State of the Art and Identification of Research Gaps. 
  • Sex Differences in Photic Entrainment and Sensitivity to Ethanol-Induced Chronodisruption in Adult Mice After Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure. 
  • Sex Differences in Veterans' Cardiovascular Health. 
  • Sex Differences in the Effect of Nucleus Accumbens Volume on Adolescent Drinking: The Mediating Role of Sensation Seeking in the NCANDA Sample. 
  • Sex Differences in the Impact of Racial Discrimination on Mental Health Among Black Americans. 
  • Sex Modifies Acute Ozone-Mediated Airway Physiologic Responses. 
  • Sex and Age Interactions and Differences in Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. 
  • Sex and Race/Ethnicity Differences in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Counseling and Use Among Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: Findings from the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Program. 
  • Sex and Race/Ethnicity-Related Disparities in Care and Outcomes After Hospitalization for Coronary Artery Disease Among Older Adults. 
  • Sex and gender in psychoneuroimmunology research: past, present and future. 
  • Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine. 
  • Sex and pain-related psychological variables are associated with thermal pain sensitivity for patients with chronic low back pain. 
  • Sex and seasonal differences in aggression and steroid secretion in Lemur catta: are socially dominant females hormonally 'masculinized'? 
  • Sex dependence and temporal dependence of the left ventricular genomic response to pressure overload. 
  • Sex determination: An avian sexual revolution. 
  • Sex differences in anxiety and depression: role of testosterone. 
  • Sex differences in biomarkers associated with insulin resistance in obese adolescents: metabolomic profiling and principal components analysis. 
  • Sex differences in brain maturation during childhood and adolescence. 
  • Sex differences in brain maturation in maltreatment-related pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder. 
  • Sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors before and after the development of type 2 diabetes and risk for incident cardiovascular disease. 
  • Sex differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure: results of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. 
  • Sex differences in cocaine-stimulated motor behavior: disparate effects of gonadectomy. 
  • Sex differences in coronary artery size assessed by intravascular ultrasound. 
  • Sex differences in experimental and clinical pain sensitivity for patients with shoulder pain. 
  • Sex differences in hepatic one-carbon metabolism. 
  • Sex differences in learning in chimpanzees. 
  • Sex differences in lower urinary tract biology and physiology. 
  • Sex differences in major bleeding with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: results from the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) initiative. 
  • Sex differences in medical care and early death after acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Sex differences in microglial appetites during development: Inferences and implications. 
  • Sex differences in neurochemical effects of dopaminergic drugs in rat striatum. 
  • Sex differences in novelty- and psychostimulant-induced behaviors of C57BL/6 mice. 
  • Sex differences in pain anchors revisited: further investigation of "most intense" and common pain events. 
  • Sex differences in platelet reactivity and cardiovascular and psychological response to mental stress in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: insights from the REMIT study. 
  • Sex differences in quality of life after ischemic stroke. 
  • Sex differences in response to chronic mild stress and congenital serotonin deficiency. 
  • Sex differences in response to nicotine in C57Bl/6:129SvEv mice. 
  • Sex differences in substrate metabolism and energy homeostasis. 
  • Sex differences in the amount of insulin extractable from diabetic human pancreas. 
  • Sex differences in the association of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele with incidence of dementia, cognitive impairment, and decline. 
  • Sex differences in the associations among psychological factors and pain report: a novel psychophysical study of patients with chronic low back pain. 
  • Sex differences in the level and rate of change of physical function and grip strength in the Danish 1905-cohort study. 
  • Sex differences in the neurochemical and functional effects of MDMA in Sprague-Dawley rats. 
  • Sex differences in the prevalence and correlates of emergency department utilization among adults with prescription opioid use disorder. 
  • Sex differences in the relationship of body fat distribution with psychosocial variables 
  • Sex hormones and renal nitric oxide synthases. 
  • Sex, ADHD symptoms, and smoking outcomes: an integrative model. 
  • Sex, stress, and fear: individual differences in conditioned learning. 
  • Sex-Dependent Glial Signaling in Pathological Pain: Distinct Roles of Spinal Microglia and Astrocytes. 
  • Sex-Related Difference in Muscle Deoxygenation Responses Between Aerobic Capacity-Matched Elderly Men and Women. 
  • Sex-Specific Outcome Disparities in Patients Receiving Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 
  • Sex-Specific Risks of Major Cardiovascular and Limb Events in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease. 
  • Sex-differentiated changes in C-reactive protein from ages 9 to 21: the contributions of BMI and physical/sexual maturation. 
  • Sex-related shape dimorphism in the human radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. 
  • Sex-related spatial learning differences after prenatal cocaine exposure in the young adult rat. 
  • Sex-specific effects of cigarette mentholation on brain nicotine accumulation and smoking behavior. 
  • Sex-specific gene and pathway modeling of inherited glioma risk. 
  • Sex/gender differences in neural correlates of food stimuli: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies. 
  • Sexual development of the soma in the mouse. 
  • Sexual dimorphism in immunity across animals: a meta-analysis. 
  • Sexual dimorphism in primate aerobic capacity: a phylogenetic test. 
  • Sexual dimorphism of urine angiotensinogen excretion in the rat. 
  • Sexual precocity in girls. An association with sexual abuse? 
  • Sexual selection and canine dimorphism in New World monkeys. 
  • Sexually dimorphic BDNF signaling directs sensory innervation of the mammary gland. 
  • Sexually dimorphic fin regeneration in zebrafish controlled by androgen/GSK3 signaling. 
  • Short-term dynamic psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. 
  • Signaling at the crossroads of gonad development. 
  • Size matters: how age and reaching experiences shape infants' preferences for different sized objects. 
  • Size, sex and individual-level behaviour drive intrapopulation variation in cross-ecosystem foraging of a top-predator. 
  • Smaller Hippocampal Volume in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Multisite ENIGMA-PGC Study: Subcortical Volumetry Results From Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Consortia. 
  • Special aspects of neuropsychiatric illness in women: with a focus on depression. 
  • Stability of conditioned pain modulation in two musculoskeletal pain models: investigating the influence of shoulder pain intensity and gender. 
  • Statin Adherence: Does Gender Matter? 
  • Statin use and sex-specific stroke outcomes in patients with vascular disease. 
  • Stress and lipoprotein metabolism: modulators and mechanisms. 
  • Study on the relationship between backpack use and back and neck pain among adolescents. 
  • Subtypes of mania determined by grade of membership analysis. 
  • Symptoms of depression and changes in body weight from adolescence to mid-life. 
  • TRPC2: molecular biology and functional importance. 
  • Targeted disruption of the mouse gene encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein provides insights into congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. 
  • Telomere length is associated with sleep duration but not sleep quality in adults with human immunodeficiency virus. 
  • Telomeres and the natural lifespan limit in humans. 
  • Testosterone responses to competition predict decreased trust ratings of emotionally neutral faces. 
  • The APOE-E4 allele and the risk of functional decline in a community sample of African American and white older adults. 
  • The APOE4 allele shows opposite sex bias in microbleeds and Alzheimer's disease of humans and mice. 
  • The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) Is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: The JUMP-ACL study. 
  • The acoustic features of human laughter. 
  • The association between intelligence and lifespan is mostly genetic. 
  • The associations of patient demographic characteristics and health information recall: the mediating role of health literacy. 
  • The development of gyrification in childhood and adolescence. 
  • The effect of HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy on carotid intima-media thickness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • The effect of age on weight-related quality of life in overweight and obese individuals. 
  • The effect of neonatal exposure to DES and o,p'-DDT on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in adult castrated rats. 
  • The emergence of longevous populations. 
  • The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study. 
  • The heritability of antinociception: common pharmacogenetic mediation of five neurochemically distinct analgesics. 
  • The impact of emotions on cardiovascular health. 
  • The influence of various patient characteristics on D-dimer concentration in critically ill patients and its role as a prognostic indicator in the intensive care unit setting. 
  • The lifetime medical cost burden of overweight and obesity: implications for obesity prevention. 
  • The male-specific region of the human Y chromosome is a mosaic of discrete sequence classes. 
  • The neural signatures of distinct psychopathic traits. 
  • The organizational effects of gonadal steroids on sexually dimorphic spatial ability. 
  • The relationship of age, gender, and IQ with the brainstem and thalamus in healthy children and adolescents: a magnetic resonance imaging volumetric study. 
  • The relationship of age, gender, and degenerative changes observed on radiographs of the shoulder in asymptomatic individuals. 
  • The ventral hippocampal muscarinic cholinergic system plays a key role in sexual dimorphisms of spatial working memory in rats. 
  • Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. 
  • Threshold of adulthood for the onset of nicotine self-administration in male and female rats. 
  • Tissue norepinephrine concentration in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters. 
  • Topical anesthesia with EMLA reduces pain during endomyocardial biopsy: a randomized trial. 
  • Total testosterone assays in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: precision and correlation with hirsutism. 
  • Toward more optimal use of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: how do we get there? 
  • Toy story: why do monkey and human males prefer trucks? Comment on "Sex differences in rhesus monkey toy preferences parallel those of children" by Hassett, Siebert and Wallen. 
  • Trade-offs during the development of primary and secondary sexual traits in a horned beetle. 
  • Transradial PCI in women: problem solved or clinical equipoise? 
  • Trophic effects of androgen: development and hormonal regulation of neuron number in a sexually dimorphic vocal motor nucleus. 
  • Unmasking a role for sex chromosomes in gene silencing. 
  • Untangling genetic influences on smoking, body mass index and longevity: a multivariate study of 2464 Danish twins followed for 28 years. 
  • Value of exercise treadmill testing in women. 
  • Variations of cardiovascular disease associated genes exhibit sex-dependent influence on human longevity. 
  • Waiting periods versus early innervation: the development of axonal connections in the zebra finch song system. 
  • What age trajectories of cumulative deficits and medical costs tell us about individual aging and mortality risk: Findings from the NLTCS-Medicare data. 
  • What do transplant physicians think about palliative care? A national survey study. 
  • What lies beneath the face of aggression? 
  • Whole blood serotonin relates to violence in an epidemiological study. 
  • Withdrawal from Brief Repeated Alcohol Treatment in Adolescent and Adult Male and Female Rats. 
  • Women live longer than men even during severe famines and epidemics. 
  • Women's Participation in Cardiovascular Clinical Trials From 2010 to 2017. 
  • [Induction of synthesis specific for females of variants growth hormone receptor mRNA in liver of male rats]. 
  • μ-Opioid Receptor Gene A118 G Variants and Persistent Pain Symptoms Among Men and Women Experiencing Motor Vehicle Collision. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bettger, Janet Prvu, Associate Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Science & Society
  • Charles, Hal Cecil, Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology
  • Freemark, Michael Scott, Robert C. Atkins, M.D. and Veronica Atkins Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, in the School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Endocrinology
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor for Research in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology
  • Humphreys, Janice Carrol, Professor in the School of Nursing, with tenure, School of Nursing
  • Levy, Jerrold Henry, Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic
  • Liu, Yutao, Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Medical Genetics
  • O'Connor, Christopher Michael, Richard Sean Stack, M.D. Distinguished Professor, Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology
  • Swaminathan, Madhav, Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic
  • Van Voorhees, Elizabeth E., Assistant Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Behavioral Medicine
  • Warner, David Samuel, Distinguished Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology, in the School of Medicine, Neurobiology