Social Class

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Just three more bites": an observational analysis of parents' socialization of children's eating at mealtime. 
  • 'I don't need an eye for an eye': Women's responses to intimate partner violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia. 
  • A Cumulative Deficit Laboratory Test-based Frailty Index: Personal and Neighborhood Associations. 
  • A Prematurity Collaborative Birth Equity Consensus Statement for Mothers and Babies. 
  • A Privileged Point of View: Effects of Subjective Socioeconomic Status on Naïve Realism and Political Division. 
  • A comparison of methods for measuring socio-economic status by occupation or postal area. 
  • A conceptual model of work and health disparities in the United States. 
  • A framework for improving early detection of breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: A qualitative study of help-seeking behaviors among Malawian women. 
  • A mixed-method study of factors associated with differences in caesarean section rates at community level: the case of rural China. 
  • A novel approach for measuring residential socioeconomic factors associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health. 
  • A review and reconceptualization of social aggression: adaptive and maladaptive correlates. 
  • A review of maternal prenatal exposures to environmental chemicals and psychosocial stressors-implications for research on perinatal outcomes in the ECHO program. 
  • A risk calculator to predict adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: generation and external validation in three birth cohorts and one clinical sample. 
  • Acute Surgical Decision-Making in Abdominal Trauma Is Not Altered by Race or Socioeconomic Status. 
  • Acute readmission following deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease: A nationwide analysis. 
  • Adjuvant hormonal therapy use among insured, low-income women with breast cancer. 
  • Adolescent depression and subsequent earnings across early to middle adulthood: a 25-year longitudinal cohort study. 
  • Adolescent smoking and tertiary education: opposing pathways linking socio-economic background to alcohol consumption. 
  • Adolescents' perceptions of family social status correlate with health and life chances: A twin difference longitudinal cohort study. 
  • Age and regional disparity in HIV education among migrants in China: migrants population dynamic monitoring survey, 2014-2015. 
  • Ageing, social class and common mental disorders: longitudinal evidence from three cohorts in the West of Scotland. 
  • Ageing, status politics and sociological theory. 
  • Agency and structure in the sociology of sickness. 
  • Alarm at the Gate-Health and Social Inequalities are Comorbid Conditions of HIV and COVID-19. 
  • Alcohol abuse and dependence in the rural South. 
  • Alcohol consumption and changes in blood pressure among African Americans. The Pitt County Study. 
  • Alcohol drinking patterns by gender, ethnicity, and social class in Bahia, Brazil. 
  • Alcoholic beverage preference, diet, and health habits in the UNC Alumni Heart Study. 
  • Amblyopia prevalence and risk factors in Australian preschool children. 
  • An epigenetic mechanism links socioeconomic status to changes in depression-related brain function in high-risk adolescents. 
  • An increasing socioeconomic gap in childhood overweight and obesity in China. 
  • Ancestry, Socioeconomic Status, and Age-Related Cataract in Asians: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. 
  • Anti-hypertensive medications and injurious falls in an older population of low socioeconomic status: a nested case-control study. 
  • Are neighborhood education levels associated with BMI among adults in Cairo, Egypt? 
  • Assessing the Role of Health Behaviors, Socioeconomic Status, and Cumulative Stress for Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Obesity. 
  • Association Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and 30-Day Mortality and Readmission for Patients With Common Neurologic Conditions. 
  • Association between adult and childhood socioeconomic status and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in African Americans: the Pitt County Study. 
  • Association between area-level socioeconomic status, accessibility and diabetes-related hospitalisations: a cross-sectional analysis of data from Western Victoria, Australia. 
  • Association between children's experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: a life-course study. 
  • Association between food opportunities during the school day and selected dietary behaviors of alternative high school students, Minneapolis/Saint Paul, Minnesota, 2006. 
  • Association between housing type and accelerated biological aging in different sexes: moderating effects of health behaviors. 
  • Association between life-course socio-economic status and prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk ractors in five middle-income countries. 
  • Association between socioeconomic status and risk of hospitalization due to child maltreatment in the USA. 
  • Association between tooth loss and cognitive decline: A 13-year longitudinal study of Chinese older adults. 
  • Association of Childhood Blood Lead Levels With Cognitive Function and Socioeconomic Status at Age 38 Years and With IQ Change and Socioeconomic Mobility Between Childhood and Adulthood. 
  • Association of Life-Course Educational Attainment and Breast Cancer Grade in the MEND Study. 
  • Association of Patient Perceptions of Cardiovascular Risk and Beliefs on Statin Drugs With Racial Differences in Statin Use: Insights From the Patient and Provider Assessment of Lipid Management Registry. 
  • Association of Retail Environment and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status With Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States: Cardiovascular Health Study. 
  • Association of Socioeconomic Status with Outcomes of Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma. 
  • Association of area-level socioeconomic status and non-small cell lung cancer stage by race/ethnicity and health care-level factors: Analysis of the National Cancer Database. 
  • Association of city-level walkability, accessibility to biking and public transportation and socio-economic features with COVID-19 infection in Massachusetts, USA: An ecological study. 
  • Association of socioeconomic status with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation outcomes for lymphoma. 
  • Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic cluster and hypertension, diabetes, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease within a cohort of cardiac catheterization patients. 
  • Associations of socioeconomic status and processed food intake with serum phosphorus concentration in community-living adults: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). 
  • Attained educational level and incident atherothrombotic events in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. 
  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Interaction between socioeconomic status and parental history of ADHD determines prevalence. 
  • Awareness and knowledge of the youth 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 
  • Bargaining power within couples and use of prenatal and delivery care in Indonesia. 
  • Barriers to medical care of Mexican-Americans: the role of social class, acculturation, and social isolation. 
  • Barriers to sexual and reproductive health care among widows in Nepal. 
  • Behavioral observations at age 3 years predict adult psychiatric disorders. Longitudinal evidence from a birth cohort. 
  • Benefits of potassium intake on metabolic syndrome: The fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). 
  • Big two personality and big three mate preferences: similarity attracts, but country-level mate preferences crucially matter. 
  • Binge and purge behavior among adolescents: associations with sexual and physical abuse in a nationally representative sample: the Commonwealth Fund survey. 
  • Body shape ideals across gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, race, and age in personal advertisements 
  • Breastfeeding and postpartum amenorrhea in a traditional society: a hazards model analysis. 
  • Brief Report: Classifying Rates of Students with Autism and Intellectual Disability in North Carolina: Roles of Race and Economic Disadvantage. 
  • COVID-19 and the Uncovering of Health Care Disparities in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada: Call to Action. 
  • Can rural health insurance improve equity in health care utilization? A comparison between China and Vietnam. 
  • Cardiovascular risk factors in deployed service members with and without acute coronary syndromes. 
  • Caregiving networks of elderly persons: variation by marital status. 
  • Causal effects of transitions to adult roles on early adult smoking and drinking: Evidence from three cohorts. 
  • Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women in a southeastern US population. 
  • Characteristics of insured and noninsured outpatients with depression in STAR(*)D. 
  • Child psychiatric disorders and their correlates: a primary care pediatric sample. 
  • Child survival, height for age and household characteristics in Brazil. 
  • Childhood and adolescent obesity: progress in behavioral assessment and treatment. 
  • Childhood respiratory symptoms, hospital admissions, and long-term exposure to airborne particulate matter. 
  • Childhood self-control forecasts the pace of midlife aging and preparedness for old age. 
  • Childhood socioeconomic status and serotonin transporter gene polymorphism enhance cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress. 
  • Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in 6 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings From Wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). 
  • Chronic stress and social changes: socioeconomic determination of chronic stress. 
  • Clinician Specialty, Access to Care, and Outcomes Among Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. 
  • Coital risk factors for cervical cancer. Sexual activity among white middle class women. 
  • Collaborative planning for formative assessment and cultural appropriateness in the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS): a retrospection. 
  • Colorectal cancer screening awareness and intentions among low income, sociodemographically diverse adults under age 50. 
  • Commentary: how does socioeconomic disadvantage during childhood damage health in adulthood? Testing psychosocial pathways. 
  • Common Data Elements for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Recommendations from the Working Group on Subject Characteristics. 
  • Community recruitment process by race, gender, and SES gradient: lessons learned from the Community Health and Stress Evaluation (CHASE) Study experience. 
  • Community socioeconomic status and prehospital times in acute stroke and transient ischemic attack: do poorer patients have longer delays from 911 call to the emergency department? 
  • Community-level socioeconomic status and the role of the hospital: Does where you have an arrest affect receipt of post-arrest care? 
  • Comparison of Delay Times from Symptom Onset to Medical Contact in Blacks Versus Whites With Acute Myocardial Infarction. 
  • Competent adolescents from different socioeconomic and ethnic contexts. 
  • Composite Measures of Individual and Area-Level Socio-Economic Status Are Associated with Visual Impairment in Singapore. 
  • Consequences of return migrant status for employment in Puerto Rico. 
  • Coping strategies in families of children with sickle cell disease. 
  • Correlates of inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents. 
  • Cross-cultural gene- environment interactions in depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and the cortisol awakening response: FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood trauma in South Asia. 
  • Cultural and community determinants of subjective social status among Cherokee and White youth. 
  • Culture in psychiatric epidemiology: using ethnography and multiple mediator models to assess the relationship of caste with depression and anxiety in Nepal. 
  • Culture, status and context in community health worker pay: pitfalls and opportunities for policy research. A commentary on Glenton et al. (2010). 
  • Cumulative psychosocial factors are associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and management among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. 
  • Demographics, family history, premorbid functioning, developmental characteristics, and course of patients with deteriorated affective disorder. 
  • Depression in black and white women. The role of marriage and socioeconomic status. 
  • Depression outcomes of Spanish- and english-speaking Hispanic outpatients in STAR*D. 
  • Depression treatment in a sample of 1,801 depressed older adults in primary care. 
  • Depressive symptoms and adolescent eating and health behaviors: a multifaceted view in a population-based sample. 
  • Determinants and consequences of retirement among men of different races and economic levels. 
  • Developmental connections between socioeconomic status, self-regulation, and adult externalizing problems. 
  • Dietary and weight-related behaviors and body mass index among Hispanic, Hmong, Somali, and white adolescents. 
  • Differences in adiposity trajectories by birth cohort and childhood social class: evidence from cohorts born in the 1930s, 1950s and 1970s in the west of Scotland. 
  • Differences in psychosocial and health correlates of major and minor depression in medically ill older adults. 
  • Differential risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among Hispanic women. 
  • Direct Participation in and Indirect Exposure to the Occupy Central Movement and Depressive Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study of Hong Kong Adults. 
  • Disentangling Race and Socioeconomic Status in HealthDisparities Research: an Examination of Black and White Clergy. 
  • Disparities in Provider Recommendation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for U.S. Adolescents. 
  • Disparities in dietary intake, meal patterning, and home food environments among young adult nonstudents and 2- and 4-year college students. 
  • Distribution of Cardiovascular Health by Individual- and Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study. 
  • Do We Ever Escape the Consequences of Childhood Deprivation? 
  • Do public officials exhibit social class biases when they handle casework? Evidence from multiple correspondence experiments. 
  • Do social inequalities in health widen or converge with age? Longitudinal evidence from three cohorts in the West of Scotland. 
  • Early life development in a multiethnic sample and the relation to late life cognition. 
  • Early parental death and remarriage of widowed parents as risk factors for Alzheimer disease: the Cache County study. 
  • Editorial comment--Prenatal influences on stroke mortality in England and Wales. 
  • Education, socio-economic status and age-related macular degeneration in Asians: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. 
  • Educational differences in age-related patterns of disease: reconsidering the cumulative disadvantage and age-as-leveler hypotheses. 
  • Educational differences in health risks and illness over the life course: a test of cumulative disadvantage theory. 
  • Effect of Population Socioeconomic and Health System Factors on Medical Care of Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. 
  • Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Patients Supported with Contemporary Left Ventricular Assist Devices. 
  • Effect of patient socioeconomic status and body mass index on the quality of breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. 
  • Effect of socioeconomic status as measured by education level on survival in breast cancer clinical trials. 
  • Effect of socioeconomic status on food availability and cost of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern. 
  • Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women--2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. 
  • Effects of socioeconomic status on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Effects of the status of women on the first-birth interval in Indian urban society. 
  • Employment, Insurance, and Financial Experiences of Patients with Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in North America. 
  • Environmental Contingencies and Genetic Predispositions: Social Capital, Educational Continuation, and a Dopamine Receptor Polymorphism 
  • Epidemiologic research on health disparities: some thoughts on history and current developments. 
  • Epigenetic regulation of Newborns' imprinted genes related to gestational growth: patterning by parental race/ethnicity and maternal socioeconomic status. 
  • Estimating the COVID-19 Spread Through Real-time Population Mobility Patterns: Surveillance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. 
  • Ethnic variation, socioeconomic status, and factors associated with cardio-metabolic multi-morbidity among uncontrolled hypertension in multiethnic Singapore. 
  • Evaluation of diet quality and weight status of children from a low socioeconomic urban environment supports "at risk" classification. 
  • Explaining the relation between IQ and delinquency: class, race, test motivation, school failure, or self-control? 
  • Exploring the use of social network analysis to measure social integration among older adults in assisted living. 
  • Exposure to violence during childhood is associated with telomere erosion from 5 to 10 years of age: a longitudinal study. 
  • Expression of socially sensitive genes: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. 
  • Factors associated with chronic depressive episodes: a preliminary report from the STAR-D project. 
  • Factors associated with consumption of alcohol in older adults - a comparison between two cultures, China and Norway: the CLHLS and the HUNT-study. 
  • Family and school socioeconomic disadvantage: interactive influences on adolescent dating violence victimization. 
  • Fast food intake among adolescents: secular and longitudinal trends from 1999 to 2004. 
  • Features of Groups and Status Hierarchies in Girls’ and Boys’ Early Adolescent Peer Networks 
  • Firearm related injuries amongst children: estimates from the nationwide emergency department sample. 
  • Flipping the Script: An Initial Exploration of Flipped Learning as an Enhanced Alternative to Traditional Physical Education Lessons. 
  • Food Insecurity Associated With Underestimation of Weight Status in Children With a Healthy Weight. 
  • Food, class, and health: the role of the perceived body in the social reproduction of health. 
  • Framing economic inequality and policy as group disadvantages (versus group advantages) spurs support for action. 
  • Fruit and vegetable access differs by community racial composition and socioeconomic position in Detroit, Michigan. 
  • GIS modeling of air toxics releases from TRI-reporting and non-TRI-reporting facilities: impacts for environmental justice. 
  • Gain and loss learning differentially contribute to life financial outcomes. 
  • Gender Differences in the Link between Childhood Socioeconomic Conditions and Heart Attack Risk in Adulthood 
  • Gender, health inequalities and welfare state regimes: a cross-national study of 13 European countries. 
  • General Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire as a marker of low socioeconomic status and inequity. 
  • Genetic analysis of social-class mobility in five longitudinal studies. 
  • Genetic ancestry, skin color and social attainment: The four cities study. 
  • Genetics of nurture: A test of the hypothesis that parents' genetics predict their observed caregiving. 
  • Geographic region, socioeconomic position and the utilisation of primary total joint replacement for hip or knee osteoarthritis across western Victoria: a cross-sectional multilevel study of the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. 
  • Geography, generalisability, and susceptibility in clinical trials. 
  • Global Need for Physical Rehabilitation: Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. 
  • HIV Infection and AIDS in the Deep South. 
  • Health Literacy and Demographic Disparities in HIV Care Continuum Outcomes. 
  • Health Literacy in African-American Communities: Barriers and Strategies. 
  • Health Status Disparities by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Outpatients With Heart Failure. 
  • Health behaviours and socio-economic status in Ontario, Canada. 
  • Health care and equality of opportunity. 
  • Health literacy and glaucoma. 
  • Health, nutrition and prosperity: a microeconomic perspective. 
  • Healthcare access and mammography screening in Michigan: a multilevel cross-sectional study. 
  • Heavy alcohol use and marital dissolution in the USA. 
  • Higher socioeconomic status is associated with lower in-hospital cardiac arrest: How can we address this socioeconomic inequality? 
  • Hospital distance, socioeconomic status, and timely treatment of ischemic stroke. 
  • How does lower education get inside the body to raise blood pressure? What can we do to prevent this? 
  • How long did their hearts go on? A Titanic study. 
  • Hygiene self-care of older adults in West Virginia: effects of gender. 
  • Hypochondriacal patients' beliefs about good health. 
  • Immigrants in the one percent: The national origin of top wealth owners. 
  • Impact of Human Development Index on the profile and outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome. 
  • Impact of early personal-history characteristics on the Pace of Aging: implications for clinical trials of therapies to slow aging and extend healthspan. 
  • Impact of patient navigation in eliminating economic disparities in cancer care. 
  • Impact of poverty on serum phosphate concentrations in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 
  • Impact of socioeconomic status and race on clinical parameters of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in an equal access health care system. 
  • Impact of socioeconomic status on stroke incidence: a population-based study. 
  • In the eye of the beholder: Perceptions of neighborhood adversity and psychotic experiences in adolescence. 
  • Income dividends and subjective survival in a Cherokee Indian cohort: a quasi-experiment. 
  • Increased health burden associated with comorbid depression in older Brazilians with diabetes. 
  • Induction Chemotherapy is Not Superior to a Surgery-First Strategy for Clinical N1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. 
  • Influence of individual and social contextual factors on changes in leisure-time physical activity in working-class populations: results of the Healthy Directions-Small Businesses Study. 
  • Influence of race, insurance, socioeconomic status, and hospital type on receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy for locoregional breast cancers. 
  • Intergroup Inequality Heightens Reports of Discrimination Along Alternative Identity Dimensions. 
  • Intermediate-term mortality and cardiac transplantation in infants with single-ventricle lesions: risk factors and their interaction with shunt type. 
  • Interpersonal violence and its correlates in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. 
  • Interpreting mutual adjustment for multiple indicators of socioeconomic position without committing mutual adjustment fallacies. 
  • Interrelations of socioeconomic position and occupational and leisure-time physical activity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 
  • Invited commentary: socioeconomic status, hostility, and health behaviors--does it matter which comes first? 
  • Is telomere length socially patterned? Evidence from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study. 
  • Job status and high-effort coping influence work blood pressure in women and blacks. 
  • John Henryism, self-reported physical health indicators, and the mediating role of perceived stress among high socio-economic status Asian immigrants. 
  • Language barrier and its relationship to diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Language input to infants of different socioeconomic statuses: A quantitative meta-analysis. 
  • Latent class model characterization of neighborhood socioeconomic status. 
  • Life Course Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension in African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study. 
  • Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Allostatic Load, and Kidney Health in Black Americans. 
  • Life course socioeconomic status and DNA methylation in genes related to stress reactivity and inflammation: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. 
  • Life experience and demographic influences on cognitive function in older adults. 
  • Life satisfaction in old age: Linking social psychology and history 
  • Life-course socio-economic status and adult BMI in Ghana; analysis of the WHO study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE). 
  • Life-course socioeconomic position and incidence of diabetes mellitus among blacks and whites: the Alameda County Study, 1965-1999. 
  • Life-course socioeconomic status and obesity among older Singaporean Chinese men and women. 
  • Lifecourse socioeconomic position and weight change among blacks: The Pitt County study. 
  • Lifecourse socioeconomic status and cancer-related risk factors: Analysis of the WHO study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE). 
  • Links between childhood and adult social circumstances and obesity and hypertension in the Mexican population. 
  • Liver transplantation at safety net hospitals: Potentially vulnerable patients with noninferior outcomes. 
  • Living alongside more affluent neighbors predicts greater involvement in antisocial behavior among low-income boys. 
  • Low discretionary time as a barrier to physical activity and intervention uptake. 
  • Low life course socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with negative NEO PI-R personality patterns. 
  • Low socioeconomic status associates with higher serum phosphate irrespective of race. 
  • Low-socioeconomic-status enrollees in high-deductible plans reduced high-severity emergency care. 
  • Managing Depression among Diverse Older Adults in Primary Care: The BRIGHTEN Program. 
  • Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017. 
  • Marketing child survival. 
  • Measures of social class based on education for use in health studies in developing countries. 
  • Medicaid Expansion and Breast Cancer Screening in Appalachia and Non-Appalachia, United States, BRFSS 2003 to 2015. 
  • Mental health antecedents of early midlife insomnia: evidence from a four-decade longitudinal study. 
  • Migration in the urban-rural hierarchy of China: insights from the microdata of the 1987 National Survey. 
  • Moderation of breastfeeding effects on the IQ by genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism. 
  • More than just nickels and dimes: a cross-national analysis of working poverty in affluent democracies. 
  • Mother-child interaction quality as a partial mediator of the roles of maternal depressive symptomatology and socioeconomic status in the development of child behavior problems. Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group. 
  • Musculoskeletal symptoms among poultry processing workers and a community comparison group: Black women in low-wage jobs in the rural South. 
  • Near miss maternal mortality in a multiethnic population. 
  • Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Care After Myocardial Infarction in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 
  • Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Hospitalized Heart Failure Outcomes in the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry. 
  • Neighborhood characteristics moderate effects of caregiving on glucose functioning. 
  • Neighborhood deprivation and clinical outcomes among head and neck cancer patients. 
  • Neighborhood socioeconomic status and the prevalence of stroke and coronary heart disease in rural China: a population-based study. 
  • Neighborhood-level socioeconomic determinants impact outcomes in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients in the Southeastern United States. 
  • Neuropsychological deficit and self-reported delinquency in an unselected birth cohort. 
  • Nondepressive Psychosocial Factors and CKD Outcomes in Black Americans. 
  • Nonsuicidal self-injury and interpersonal violence in U.S. veterans seeking help for posttraumatic stress disorder. 
  • Objective and subjective financial status and mortality among older adults in China. 
  • On being poor with HIV. 
  • Oncologist patient-centered communication with patients with advanced cancer: exploring whether race or socioeconomic status matter. 
  • Optimism and cardiovascular health among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. 
  • Outdoor smoking ban at a cancer center: attitudes and smoking behavior among employees and patients. 
  • Parental Incarceration and Child Overweight: Results From a Sample of Disadvantaged Children in the United States. 
  • Patient education level as a predictor of survival in lung cancer clinical trials. 
  • Patient satisfaction in resident and attending ambulatory care clinics. 
  • Patient socioeconomic status is an independent predictor of operative mortality. 
  • Patterns of natural herb use by Asian and Pacific Islanders. 
  • Perceived Healthcare Access among Persons with and without HIV Who Use Illicit Stimulants: The Role of Cumulative Risk. 
  • Perceived barriers and facilitators of using dietary modification for CKD prevention among African Americans of low socioeconomic status: a qualitative study. 
  • Perceived social status and mental health among young adolescents: Evidence from census data to cellphones. 
  • Perceptions of African-American culture and implications for clinical trial design. 
  • Perceptions of Tobacco Control Media Campaigns Among Smokers With Lower Socioeconomic Status. 
  • Perceptions of physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines among end-users and stakeholders: a systematic review. 
  • Perigenual anterior cingulate morphology covaries with perceived social standing. 
  • Persistence of delays in presentation and treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction: The GUSTO-I and GUSTO-III experience. 
  • Persistent problems of access to appropriate, affordable TB services in rural China: experiences of different socio-economic groups. 
  • Physical activity and acculturation among adult Hispanics in the United States. 
  • Physical multimorbidity, health service use, and catastrophic health expenditure by socioeconomic groups in China: an analysis of population-based panel data. 
  • Place of birth and dietary intake in Ontario. I. Energy, fat, cholesterol, carbohydrate, fiber, and alcohol. 
  • Polymorphic variation in the dopamine D4 receptor predicts delay discounting as a function of childhood socioeconomic status: evidence for differential susceptibility. 
  • Potential neural embedding of parental social standing. 
  • Predicting adolescents' intake of fruits and vegetables. 
  • Prediction of response to fluoxetine and placebo in children and adolescents with major depression: a hypothesis generating study. 
  • Predictors of function among the old-old: a 10-year follow-up. 
  • Predictors of smoking cessation in patients with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. 
  • Prenatal diagnosis of orofacial clefts, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1998-2004. 
  • Prenatal exposure to stilbestrol. A prospective comparison of exposed female offspring with unexposed controls. 
  • Prevalence and correlates of sexual abuse reported by late adolescent school children in Sri Lanka. 
  • Prevalence and determinants of blood pressure screening in Pakistan. 
  • Prevalence and risk factors of undercorrected refractive errors among Singaporean Malay adults: the Singapore Malay Eye Study. 
  • Prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension among Asian Indians living in urban Singapore and rural India. 
  • Prices, infrastructure, household characteristics and child height. 
  • Proportion of US congregations that have people living with HIV. 
  • Proteinuria in South Asian children: prevalence and determinants. 
  • Psychiatric disorders. A rural/urban comparison. 
  • Psychological well-being of the institutionalized and community-residing oldest old in China: the role of children. 
  • Psychosocial considerations in the European guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice: Third Joint Task Force. 
  • Public perspectives regarding data-sharing practices in genomics research. 
  • Public school choice and integration evidence from Durham, North Carolina. 
  • QOL and outcomes research in prostate cancer patients with low socioeconomic status. 
  • Quantifying sociodemographic and income disparities in medical therapy and lifestyle among symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study in North America. 
  • Race-related differences in acute pain complaints among inner-city women: the role of socioeconomic status. 
  • Race/ethnicity and socio-economic differences in breast cancer surgery outcomes. 
  • Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Acute Care Utilization Among Patients With Glomerular Disease. 
  • Racial and socio-economic disparities in breast cancer hospitalization outcomes by insurance status. 
  • Racial and socioeconomic disparities in pediatric and young adult liver transplant outcomes. 
  • Racial differences in the frequency of depressive symptoms among community dwelling elders: the role of socioeconomic factors. 
  • Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Discrepancies in Opioid Prescriptions Among Older Patients With Cancer. 
  • Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Access to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Within Major Metropolitan Areas. 
  • Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Retinoblastoma Enucleation: A Population-Based Study, SEER 18 2000-2014. 
  • Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Men’s Health: Examining Psychosocial Mechanisms 
  • Racial/ethnic differences in hypertension and depression among US adult women. 
  • Recommendations from overweight youth regarding school-based weight control programs. 
  • Reintegration of child soldiers in Burundi: a tracer study. 
  • Relationship classification using grade of membership analysis: a typology of sibling relationships in later life. 
  • Residential environment and breast cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • Response to "Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension in African Americans From the Jackson Heart Study". 
  • Retrospective analysis of cancer survival across South-Western Victoria in Australia. 
  • Revision joint replacement surgeries of the hip and knee across geographic region and socioeconomic status in the western region of Victoria: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis of registry data. 
  • Rising U.S. income inequality and the changing gradient of socioeconomic status on physical functioning and activity limitations, 1984-2007. 
  • Root caries patterns and risk factors of middle-aged and elderly people in China. 
  • Sexual health experiences of adolescents in three Ghanaian towns. 
  • Sleep problems in childhood predict neuropsychological functioning in adolescence. 
  • Social Disparities in Lung Cancer Risk and Screening. 
  • Social class and gender patterning of insomnia symptoms and psychiatric distress: a 20-year prospective cohort study. 
  • Social inequality and alcohol consumption-abuse in Bahia, Brazil-- interactions of gender, ethnicity and social class. 
  • Social inequality and depressive disorders in Bahia, Brazil: interactions of gender, ethnicity, and social class. 
  • Social status alters immune regulation and response to infection in macaques. 
  • Social stratification and tooth loss among middle-aged and older Americans from 1988 to 2004. 
  • Social support and coronary heart disease: epidemiologic evidence and implications for treatment. 
  • Social, educational, and psychological correlates of weight status in adolescents. 
  • Socio-Economic and Rural-Urban Differences in Healthcare and Catastrophic Health Expenditure Among Cancer Patients in China: Analysis of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. 
  • Socio-economic inequalities in suffering at the end of life among advanced cancer patients: results from the APPROACH study in five Asian countries. 
  • Socio-economic status and malaria-related outcomes in Mvomero District, Tanzania. 
  • Socio-economic status over the life course and obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • Sociodemographic associations with early disease damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 
  • Sociodemographic differences in selected eating practices among alternative high school students. 
  • Socioeconomic Disparities in the Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Ghanaian Women. 
  • Socioeconomic Status Affects Outcomes After Severity-Stratified Traumatic Brain Injury. 
  • Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with the Risk of Hepatic Encephalopathy after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation. 
  • Socioeconomic Status in Relation to the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in African-American Women: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. 
  • Socioeconomic Status, Not Race, Is Associated With Reduced Survival in Esophagectomy Patients. 
  • Socioeconomic background and war mortality during Vietnam's wars. 
  • Socioeconomic characteristics of pediatric traumatic brain injury patients. 
  • Socioeconomic disparities in the thoracic trauma population. 
  • Socioeconomic disparities in the use of cardioprotective medications among patients with peripheral artery disease: an analysis of the American College of Cardiology's NCDR PINNACLE Registry. 
  • Socioeconomic position and adolescent trajectories in smoking, drinking, and psychiatric distress. 
  • Socioeconomic position and early adolescent smoking development: evidence from the British Youth Panel Survey (1994-2008). 
  • Socioeconomic position, John Henryism, and incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men. 
  • Socioeconomic risk factors for invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. 
  • Socioeconomic status and adolescent mental disorders. 
  • Socioeconomic status and alcohol use among urban and rural residents in China. 
  • Socioeconomic status and ethnic variation associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in Singapore. 
  • Socioeconomic status and health across the life course: progress and prospects. 
  • Socioeconomic status and microalbuminuria in an Asian population. 
  • Socioeconomic status and modification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk prediction: epidemiological analysis using data from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. 
  • Socioeconomic status and morbidity and mortality in hypertensive blacks. 
  • Socioeconomic status and obesity in Cairo, Egypt: a heavy burden for all. 
  • Socioeconomic status and psychological function in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: implications for genetic counseling. 
  • Socioeconomic status and the Black-White mortality crossover. 
  • Socioeconomic status influences the relationship between fear-avoidance beliefs work and disability. 
  • Socioeconomic status largely explains integrase inhibitors-related body composition differences in chronically infected men living with HIV. 
  • Socioeconomic status moderates associations between CNS serotonin and expression of beta2-integrins CD11b and CD11c. 
  • Socioeconomic status moderates the association between John Henryism and NEO PI-R personality domains. 
  • Socioeconomic status, John Henryism and blood pressure among African-Americans in the Jackson Heart Study 
  • Socioeconomic status, race, and long-term outcomes after radical prostatectomy in an equal access health system: Results from the SEARCH database. 
  • Socioeconomics of Obesity. 
  • Spatial analysis of learning and developmental disorders in upper Cape Cod, Massachusetts using generalized additive models. 
  • Special Considerations Related to Race, Sex, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status in the Preoperative Evaluation: Part 1: Race, History of Incarceration, and Health Literacy. 
  • Special Considerations Related to Race, Sex, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status in the Preoperative Evaluation: Part 2: Sex Considerations and Homeless Patients. 
  • Special care units for people with Alzheimer's disease. Only for the privileged few? 
  • Spousal-residence separation among Chinese young couples. 
  • Study shows growing inequalities in health in Britain. 
  • Subjective status shapes political preferences. 
  • Supportive parenting mediates neighborhood socioeconomic disparities in children's antisocial behavior from ages 5 to 12. 
  • Survival effects in cognitive function, cognitive style, and sociodemographic variables in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. 
  • Systolic blood pressure, socioeconomic status, and biobehavioral risk factors in a nationally representative US young adult sample. 
  • Taming the wilderness: the lifestyle improvement movement in rural Japan, 1925-1965. 
  • Targeted investment improves access to hospice and palliative care. 
  • Temporal and Provincial Variation in Ambulance Use Among Patients Who Present to Acute Care Hospitals With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. 
  • The Association between Educational Attainment and Patterns of Emergency Department Utilization among Adults with Sickle Cell Disease. 
  • The Contribution of Material, Behavioral, Psychological, and Social-Relational Factors to Income-Related Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Among Older Adults. 
  • The Genetics of Success: How Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Educational Attainment Relate to Life-Course Development. 
  • The Impact of Race and Socioeconomic Status on Treatment and Outcomes of Blunt Splenic Injury. 
  • The Interplay of Familial and Individual Risk in Predicting Clinical Improvements in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders. 
  • The Intersectionality between Race, Ethnicity, and Residential-Level Socioeconomic Status in Disparities of Head and Neck Cancer Outcomes: A SEER Study. 
  • The Kate B. Reynolds smoking education lifestyle fitness improvement program: Preventing and reducing chronic disease in low-income North Carolina communities. 
  • The Socioeconomic Gradient in Epigenetic Ageing Clocks: Evidence from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Health and Retirement Study. 
  • The academic lives of neglected, rejected, popular, and controversial children 
  • The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors, and cognitive decline in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). 
  • The association between socioeconomic status and overweight/obesity in a Malay population in Singapore. 
  • The association between socioeconomic status and tumour stage at diagnosis of ovarian cancer: A pooled analysis of 18 case-control studies. 
  • The association of childhood socioeconomic conditions with healthy longevity at the oldest-old ages in China. 
  • The association of early life socioeconomic position on breast cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review. 
  • The association of health and income in the elderly: experience from a southern state of Brazil. 
  • The development of socioeconomic inequalities in anxiety and depression symptoms over the lifecourse. 
  • The effect of numeracy level on completeness of home blood pressure monitoring. 
  • The effect of women's status on infant and child mortality in four rural areas of Bangladesh. 
  • The epidemiology of hip fractures across western Victoria, Australia. 
  • The financing and organization of health services in poor rural China: a case study in Donglan County. 
  • The impact of lifecourse socioeconomic position on cardiovascular disease events in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study. 
  • The impact of personality and social status factors upon levels of activity and psychological well-being. 
  • The incidence of the healthcare costs of obesity. 
  • The independent effects of obesity and body fat distribution on blood pressure in black adults: the Pitt County study. 
  • The prevalence of and risk factors for pterygium in an urban Malay population: the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES). 
  • The social patterning of electronic nicotine delivery system use among US adults. 
  • The spatial distribution of gender differences in obesity prevalence differs from overall obesity prevalence among US adults. 
  • Time to presentation with acute myocardial infarction in the elderly: associations with race, sex, and socioeconomic characteristics. 
  • Transforming Atrial Fibrillation Research to Integrate Social Determinants of Health: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Report. 
  • Treatment seeking for symptoms suggestive of TB: comparison between migrants and permanent urban residents in Chongqing, China. 
  • Trends in breast cancer stage and mortality in Michigan (1992-2009) by race, socioeconomic status, and area healthcare resources. 
  • Two-year trends in cancer screening among low socioeconomic status women in an HMO-based high-deductible health plan. 
  • Types and severity of partner violence against women living in the community in Cali, Colombia 
  • U.S. regional differences in physical distancing: Evaluating racial and socioeconomic divides during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
  • US Household Food Shopping Patterns: Dynamic Shifts Since 2000 And Socioeconomic Predictors. 
  • Understanding how race/ethnicity and gender define age-trajectories of disability: an intersectionality approach. 
  • Understanding the relative importance of preserving functional abilities in Alzheimer's disease in the United States and Germany. 
  • Undiagnosed prediabetes among food insecure adults. 
  • Use of nitrite inhalants ("poppers") among American youth. 
  • Using Multiple-hierarchy Stratification and Life Course Approaches to Understand Health Inequalities: The Intersecting Consequences of Race, Gender, SES, and Age. 
  • Value of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Predicting Risk of Outcomes in Studies That Use Electronic Health Record Data. 
  • Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors. 
  • Violence exposure and adolescents' same-day obesogenic behaviors: New findings and a replication. 
  • Visual Impairment in White, Chinese, Black, and Hispanic Participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Cohort. 
  • What are the effects of anti-discriminatory legislation on socioeconomic inequalities in the employment consequences of ill health and disability? 
  • Which adolescents develop persistent substance dependence in adulthood? Using population-representative longitudinal data to inform universal risk assessment. 
  • Why Are Children in Urban Neighborhoods at Increased Risk for Psychotic Symptoms? Findings From a UK Longitudinal Cohort Study. 
  • Withholding versus withdrawing life-sustaining treatment: patient factors and documentation associated with dialysis decisions. 
  • Women of the 1950s and the 'Normative' Life Course: The Implications of Childlessness, Fertility Timing, and Marital Status for Psychological Well-being in Late Midlife 
  • Women's interest in chemoprevention for breast cancer. 
  • World peace, to be a millionaire, and hoop dreams: adolescent wishes on health screening surveys. 
  • Young adult mental health and functional outcomes among individuals with remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD. 
  • Youth violence across multiple dimensions: a study of violence, absenteeism, and suspensions among middle school children. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Boulware, L. Ebony, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Duke Science & Society
  • Clements III, Dennis Alfred, Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health
  • Dement, John McCray, Professor Emeritus in Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine & Community Health,Occupational & Environmental Medicine
  • Gold, Deborah T., Professor Emeritus in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry, Child & Family Mental Health & Community Psychiatry
  • Grambow, Steven C., Associate Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Moorman, Patricia Gripka, Professor Emeritus in Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Muir, Kelly Walton, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Glaucoma
  • Sampson, John Howard, Robert H., M.D. and Gloria Wilkins Professor of Neurosurgery, in the School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering
  • Sreenivasan, Gopal, Crown University Distinguished Professor in Ethics, Duke Science & Society
  • Wu, Li-Tzy, Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medicine, General Internal Medicine
  • Yancy Jr., William Samuel, Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine