Spinal Cord

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Brain to Spine Interface for Transferring Artificial Sensory Information. 
  • A Role for Dystonia-Associated Genes in Spinal GABAergic Interneuron Circuitry. 
  • A binding site for Pax proteins regulates expression of the gene for the neural cell adhesion molecule in the embryonic spinal cord. 
  • A chronic sheep preparation for the study of drug pharmacokinetics in spinal and ventricular CSF. 
  • A cyclic peptide targeted against PSD-95 blocks central sensitization and attenuates thermal hyperalgesia. 
  • A feed-forward spinal cord glycinergic neural circuit gates mechanical allodynia. 
  • A monoclonal antibody that targets a NaV1.7 channel voltage sensor for pain and itch relief. 
  • A mouse homoeo box gene is expressed during embryogenesis and in adult kidney. 
  • A new optogenetic device for spinal cord control of pain. 
  • A nonpolio enterovirus with respiratory tropism causes poliomyelitis in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 transgenic mice. 
  • A peripheral cannabinoid mechanism suppresses spinal fos protein expression and pain behavior in a rat model of inflammation. 
  • A structural comparison of tryptic fragments of three types of intermediate filaments. 
  • A survey on the importance of lumbar coupling biomechanics in physiotherapy practice. 
  • ALS-associated mutation FUS-R521C causes DNA damage and RNA splicing defects. 
  • ALSUntangled 41: "Eric Is Winning". 
  • AMPA receptor-dependent clustering of synaptic NMDA receptors is mediated by Stargazin and NR2A/B in spinal neurons and hippocampal interneurons. 
  • Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia. 
  • Activity dependent localization of synaptic NMDA receptors in spinal neurons. 
  • Activity-dependent modulation of synaptic AMPA receptor accumulation. 
  • Acute paraplegia in a preterm infant with cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. 
  • Acute spinal cord injury persistently reduces R/G RNA editing of AMPA receptors. 
  • Adaptive replanning strategies accounting for shrinkage in head and neck IMRT. 
  • Adaptive stereotactic body radiation therapy planning for lung cancer. 
  • Aging Is Associated With Impaired Activation of Protein Homeostasis-Related Pathways After Cardiac Arrest in Mice. 
  • Alpha1-adrenergic receptors in human spinal cord: specific localized expression of mRNA encoding alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes at four distinct levels. 
  • Altered urinary bladder function in mice lacking the vanilloid receptor TRPV1. 
  • An iPRES-W Coil Array for Simultaneous Imaging and Wireless Localized B0 Shimming of the Cervical Spinal Cord. 
  • An isoform of ankyrin is localized at nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons of central and peripheral nerves. 
  • Analyzing somatosensory axon projections with the sensory neuron-specific Advillin gene. 
  • Anesthesia for Acute Spinal Cord Injury. 
  • Ankyrin-G regulates inactivation gating of the neuronal sodium channel, Nav1.6. 
  • Anterior spinal artery syndrome? 
  • Anti-PD-1 treatment impairs opioid antinociception in rodents and nonhuman primates. 
  • Anticonvulsant action of intranigral gamma-vinyl-GABA: role of nonadrenergic neurotransmission. 
  • Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and outcomes of traumatic spinal cord injury. 
  • Apolipoprotein E-derived peptides ameliorate clinical disability and inflammatory infiltrates into the spinal cord in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. 
  • Apparatus-dependent dosimetric differences in spine stereotactic body radiotherapy. 
  • Assessment of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz using multi-detector CT angiography. 
  • Association of myelopathy scores with cervical sagittal balance and normalized spinal cord volume: analysis of 56 preoperative cases from the AOSpine North America Myelopathy study. 
  • Astrocytic CX43 hemichannels and gap junctions play a crucial role in development of chronic neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. 
  • Avian nucleus retroambigualis: cell types and projections to other respiratory-vocal nuclei in the brain of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). 
  • Balloon angioplasty or nitinol stents for peripheral-artery disease. 
  • Baseline Patient-Reported Outcomes Correlate Weakly With Radiographic Parameters: A Multicenter, Prospective NIH Adult Symptomatic Lumbar Scoliosis Study of 286 Patients. 
  • Behavioral and neurochemical changes in folate-deficient mice. 
  • Behavioural testing and histological assessments of rabbit spinal cord following intrathecal administration of ondansetron. 
  • Benchmark Credentialing Results for NRG-BR001: The First National Cancer Institute-Sponsored Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Multiple Metastases. 
  • Biochemical and neuropathological assessment of triphenyl phosphite in rats. 
  • Bladder and urethral pressures evoked by microstimulation of the sacral spinal cord in cats. 
  • Bone Marrow-Derived Monocytes Drive the Inflammatory Microenvironment in Local and Remote Regions after Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. 
  • Bone marrow transplantation augments the effect of brain- and spinal cord-directed adeno-associated virus 2/5 gene therapy by altering inflammation in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy. 
  • Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is required in the dorsal neural folds before neurulation for the induction of spinal neural crest cells and dorsal neurons. 
  • Bradykinin enhances AMPA and NMDA receptor activity in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons by activating multiple kinases to produce pain hypersensitivity. 
  • Bradykinin produces pain hypersensitivity by potentiating spinal cord glutamatergic synaptic transmission. 
  • CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity in spinal cord injury: A possible mechanism of improved recovery. 
  • CXCL13 drives spinal astrocyte activation and neuropathic pain via CXCR5. 
  • Case report: total parenteral nutrition extravasation associated with spinal cord compression and necrosis. 
  • Central and peripheral expression of galanin in response to inflammation. 
  • Central opioid receptors mediate morphine-induced itch and chronic itch via disinhibition. 
  • Cervical spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord injured patient during electrical stimulation. 
  • Challenges in the clinical application of advanced technologies to reduce radiation-associated normal tissue injury. 
  • Characterization of excitatory amino acid receptors expressed by embryonic chick motoneurons in vitro. 
  • Chemokine CXCL1 enhances inflammatory pain and increases NMDA receptor activity and COX-2 expression in spinal cord neurons via activation of CXCR2. 
  • Chronic morphine induces downregulation of spinal glutamate transporters: implications in morphine tolerance and abnormal pain sensitivity. 
  • Clinical characteristics of African Americans vs Caucasian Americans with multiple sclerosis. 
  • Clinical tests for screening and diagnosis of cervical spine myelopathy: a systematic review. 
  • Colocalization of tenascin with versican, a hyaluronate-binding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 
  • Commentary: Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome of 20 Children With Intramedullary Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformations. 
  • Comparison of the relative inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and neuropathy target esterase in rats and hens given cholinesterase inhibitors. 
  • Congenital thoracolumbar spine deformities. 
  • Connexin-43 induces chemokine release from spinal cord astrocytes to maintain late-phase neuropathic pain in mice. 
  • Cultured motor neurons possess calcium-permeable AMPA/kainate receptors. 
  • Cyclophosphamide treatment used to manipulate the immune response for the production of monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Cytokine mechanisms of central sensitization: distinct and overlapping role of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in regulating synaptic and neuronal activity in the superficial spinal cord. 
  • Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • DRAGON: a member of the repulsive guidance molecule-related family of neuronal- and muscle-expressed membrane proteins is regulated by DRG11 and has neuronal adhesive properties. 
  • Decision making in pediatric spinal deformity. 
  • Degeneration of the central nervous system associated with celiac disease. 
  • Deletion of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene in mice reveals a second enzyme activity that hydrolyzes N-acetylaspartylglutamate. 
  • Depression of sustained evoked potentials and glial depolarization in the spinal cord by barbiturates and by diphenylhydantoin. 
  • Detection of cerebrospinal fluid metastasis: CT myelography or MR? 
  • Development of a simplified spinal cord ischemia model in mice. 
  • Development of an acquired Chiari malformation Type I in the setting of an untreated lipomyelomeningocele. Case report. 
  • Development of the single microelectrode current and voltage clamp for central nervous system neurons. 
  • Differential mechanisms of morphine antinociceptive tolerance revealed in (beta)arrestin-2 knock-out mice. 
  • Differing mechanisms for glutamate receptor aggregation on dendritic spines and shafts in cultured hippocampal neurons. 
  • Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the normal human spinal cord in vivo. 
  • Disability fingerprints: patterns of disability in spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis differ. 
  • Disruption of ErbB receptor signaling in adult non-myelinating Schwann cells causes progressive sensory loss. 
  • Distinct ankyrin isoforms at neuron cell bodies and nodes of Ranvier resolved using erythrocyte ankyrin-deficient mice. 
  • Dorsal column mapping for intramedullary spinal cord tumor resection decreases dorsal column dysfunction. 
  • Dorsal thoracic spinal cord herniation: report of an unusual case and review of the literature. 
  • Dosimetric analysis and comparison of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and radiation-induced liver disease. 
  • Drosophila spastin regulates synaptic microtubule networks and is required for normal motor function. 
  • Dual allosteric modulation of opioid antinociceptive potency by α2A-adrenoceptors. 
  • ERK MAP kinase activation in superficial spinal cord neurons induces prodynorphin and NK-1 upregulation and contributes to persistent inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. 
  • Ectopic myelinating oligodendrocytes in the dorsal spinal cord as a consequence of altered semaphorin 6D signaling inhibit synapse formation. 
  • Effect of Ezogabine on Cortical and Spinal Motor Neuron Excitability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Effect of administration of high dose intrathecal clonidine or morphine prior to sciatic nerve section on c-Fos expression in rat lumbar spinal cord. 
  • Effect of epidural lidocaine on spinal cord blood flow. 
  • Effective treatment of models of multiple sclerosis by matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. 
  • Effects of bupivacaine and tetrodotoxin on carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (Part 2): cytokines and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. 
  • Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on long-tract neuronal conduction in the acute phase of spinal cord injury. 
  • Effects of neurotoxic destruction of descending noradrenergic pathways on cannabinoid antinociception in models of acute and tonic nociception. 
  • Effects of primary and recurrent sacral chordoma on the motor and nociceptive function of hindlimbs in rats: an orthotopic spine model. 
  • Electrical stimulation of the conus medullaris in the paraplegic. A 5-year review. 
  • Electrical stimulation of the conus medullaris to control bladder emptying in paraplegia: a ten-year review. 
  • Electrical stimulation of the conus medullaris to control the bladder in the paraplegic patient. A 10-year review. 
  • Electroneuroprostheses: past and present uses in man. 
  • Embryonic expression of a haematopoietic growth factor encoded by the Sl locus and the ligand for c-kit. 
  • Embryonic expression patterns of the neural cell adhesion molecule gene are regulated by homeodomain binding sites. 
  • Endometriosis of the conus medullaris causing cyclic radiculopathy. 
  • Epidemiology, classification, mechanism, and tolerance of human cervical spine injuries. 
  • Estrogen mediates neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory effects during EAE through ERα signaling on astrocytes but not through ERβ signaling on astrocytes or neurons. 
  • Evaluating optimized temporal patterns of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). 
  • Evaluation of intradural stimulation efficiency and selectivity in a computational model of spinal cord stimulation. 
  • Evaluation of thoracic spinal cord motion using dynamic MRI. 
  • Examination of Adult Spinal Deformity Patients Undergoing Surgery with Implanted Spinal Cord Stimulators and Intrathecal Pumps. 
  • Excitatory synaptic transmission between interneurons and motoneurons in chick spinal cord cell cultures. 
  • Expert's comment concerning grand rounds case entitled "surgical treatment of a 180° thoracolumbar fixed kyphosis in a young achondroplastic patient: a one stage 'in situ' combined fusion and spinal cord translocation" (by J. C. Aurégan, T. Odent, M. Zerah, J.-P. Padovani and C. Glorion). 
  • Expression of PSD-95/SAP90 is critical for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated thermal hyperalgesia in the spinal cord. 
  • Expression of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor subtypes in prenatal rat spinal cord. 
  • Expression of mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivities in rat dorsal root ganglia after carrageenan-induced inflammation. 
  • Expression of neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y (Y1) receptor mRNA in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia following peripheral tissue inflammation. 
  • Expression of the human poliovirus receptor/CD155 gene during development of the central nervous system: implications for the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis. 
  • Extracellular caspase-6 drives murine inflammatory pain via microglial TNF-α secretion. 
  • Extracellular stimulation of central neurons: influence of stimulus waveform and frequency on neuronal output. 
  • Feasibility of sparing lung and other thoracic structures with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer. 
  • Feedback in the brainstem: an excitatory disynaptic pathway for control of whisking. 
  • Fiber sorting in the fasciculus gracilis of squirrel monkeys. 
  • Fibroblast growth factors regulate calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA expression in rat motoneurons after lesion and in culture. 
  • Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of psammomatous melanotic schwannoma. 
  • From active shape model to active optical flow model: a shape-based approach to predicting voxel-level dose distributions in spine SBRT. 
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human lumbar spinal cord. 
  • GABA-induced chemokinesis and NGF-induced chemotaxis of embryonic spinal cord neurons. 
  • GFAP is necessary for the integrity of CNS white matter architecture and long-term maintenance of myelination. 
  • Gabapentin attenuates morphine tolerance through interleukin-10. 
  • Generating artificial sensations with spinal cord stimulation in primates and rodents. 
  • Genes for the neuronal immunoglobulin domain cell adhesion molecules neurofascin and Nr-CAM map to mouse chromosomes 1 and 12 and homologous human chromosomes. 
  • Genetic deficiency of Irgm1 (LRG-47) suppresses induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting apoptosis of activated CD4+ T cells. 
  • Glia and pain: is chronic pain a gliopathy? 
  • Gliomatosis cerebri: cytologic and autopsy findings in a case involving the entire neuraxis. 
  • Health Care Resource Utilization of High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation for Treatment of Chronic Refractory Low Back Pain. 
  • Hematologic toxicity during craniospinal irradiation: the impact of prior chemotherapy. 
  • Hevin/Sparcl1 drives pathological pain through spinal cord astrocyte and NMDA receptor signaling. 
  • High-dose areas are unintentionally created as a result of gap shifts when the prescribed dose in the two adjacent areas are different. 
  • High-voltage stimulation over the human spinal cord: sources of latency variation. 
  • Hindlimb endpoint forces predict movement direction evoked by intraspinal microstimulation in cats. 
  • IL-11 Induces Encephalitogenic Th17 Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. 
  • IL-11 antagonist suppresses Th17 cell-mediated neuroinflammation and demyelination in a mouse model of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. 
  • Iatrogenic Exserohilum infection of the central nervous system: mycological identification and histopathological findings. 
  • Iatrogenic spinal deformity. 
  • Identification of the spinal neural network involved in coordination of micturition in the male cat. 
  • Imaging Approach to Myelopathy: Acute, Subacute, and Chronic. 
  • Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on thermal pain sensitivity: an experimental study. 
  • Immunohistochemical localization of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha expression in the rat nervous system. 
  • Immunohistochemical localization of netrin-1 in the embryonic chick nervous system. 
  • Impact of multimodal intraoperative monitoring during correction of symptomatic cervical or cervicothoracic kyphosis. 
  • Impact of radiation technique upon the outcome of treatment for medulloblastoma. 
  • Impairment of the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers in apolipoprotein e knockout mice. 
  • In situ gelling hydrogels for conformal repair of spinal cord defects, and local delivery of BDNF after spinal cord injury. 
  • In situ hybridization: identification of rare mRNAs in human tissues. 
  • In vivo diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance microscopy of rat spinal cord: effect of ischemia and intrathecal hyperbaric 5% lidocaine. 
  • Increased expression of galanin in the rat superior cervical ganglion after pre- and postganglionic nerve lesions. 
  • Induction of c-fos expression in the rostral medulla of rats following electroacupuncture stimulation. 
  • Inhibition of epidural scar formation after lumbar laminectomy in the rat. 
  • Inhibition of spinal p38 MAPK prevents articular neutrophil infiltration in experimental arthritis via sympathetic activation. 
  • Inhibitory role of CD19 in the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating cytokine response. 
  • Interfering with inhibition may improve motor function. 
  • Interferons in Pain and Infections: Emerging Roles in Neuro-Immune and Neuro-Glial Interactions. 
  • Interstitial ion concentrations and paroxysmal discharges in hippocampal formation and spinal cord. 
  • Intradural microanatomy of the nerve roots S1-S5 at their origin from the conus medullaris. 
  • Intradural spinal teratoma: evidence for a dysembryogenic origin. Report of four cases. 
  • Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in spine surgery. 
  • Intrapleural administration of AAV9 improves neural and cardiorespiratory function in Pompe disease. 
  • Intrathecal PLC(β3) oligodeoxynucleotides antisense potentiates acute morphine efficacy and attenuates chronic morphine tolerance. 
  • Intrathecal administration of antisense oligonucleotide against p38α but not p38β MAP kinase isoform reduces neuropathic and postoperative pain and TLR4-induced pain in male mice. 
  • Introduction: Adult spinal deformity: pathophysiology and corrective measures. 
  • Investigations on spinal cord fMRI of cats under ketamine. 
  • Isolation and characterization of a mouse homolog of the Drosophila segment polarity gene dishevelled. 
  • Isolation of embryonic chick motoneurons and their survival in vitro. 
  • JNK-induced MCP-1 production in spinal cord astrocytes contributes to central sensitization and neuropathic pain. 
  • L6 spinal nerve ligation produces prolonged development of mechanical allodynia and gradual increase of GFAP on ipsilateral dorsal horn. 
  • Lack of evidence for ectopic sprouting of genetically labeled Aβ touch afferents in inflammatory and neuropathic trigeminal pain. 
  • Large A-fiber activity is required for microglial proliferation and p38 MAPK activation in the spinal cord: different effects of resiniferatoxin and bupivacaine on spinal microglial changes after spared nerve injury. 
  • Lateral impacts correlate with falx cerebri displacement and corpus callosum trauma in sports-related concussions. 
  • Light touch induces ERK activation in superficial dorsal horn neurons after inflammation: involvement of spinal astrocytes and JNK signaling in touch-evoked central sensitization and mechanical allodynia. 
  • Local sources of retinoic acid coincide with retinoid-mediated transgene activity during embryonic development. 
  • Localization of specific binding sites for atrial natriuretic factor in the central nervous system of rat, guinea pig, cat and human. 
  • Long-term male-specific chronic pain via telomere- and p53‑mediated spinal cord cellular senescence. 
  • Long-term safety and efficacy of continuous intrathecal baclofen. 
  • Low catechol-O-methyltransferase and stress potentiate functional pain and depressive behavior, especially in female mice. 
  • Lumbar Myeloid Cell Trafficking into Locomotor Networks after Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. 
  • Lumbar pseudarthrosis: a review of current diagnosis and treatment. 
  • Lupus-related myelitis: serial MR findings. 
  • Lupus-related myelopathy: report of three cases and review of the literature. 
  • Magnetic resonance imaging in patients with central nervous system pathology: a comparison of OptiMARK (Gd-DTPA-BMEA) and Magnevist (Gd-DTPA). 
  • Mechanisms and models of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain. 
  • Medical screening for red flags in the diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal spine pain. 
  • Meta-analysis of the correlation between chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis. 
  • Metastatic human breast cancer to the spine produces mechanical hyperalgesia and gait deficits in rodents. 
  • Mice deficient in endothelin-converting enzyme-2 exhibit abnormal responses to morphine and altered peptide levels in the spinal cord. 
  • MicroRNA-31 negatively regulates peripherally derived regulatory T-cell generation by repressing retinoic acid-inducible protein 3. 
  • Microglia Promote Increased Pain Behavior through Enhanced Inflammation in the Spinal Cord during Repeated Social Defeat Stress. 
  • Microglia and spinal cord synaptic plasticity in persistent pain. 
  • Microglia: a promising target for treating neuropathic and postoperative pain, and morphine tolerance. 
  • Minocycline attenuates mechanical allodynia and expression of spinal NMDA receptor 1 subunit in rat neuropathic pain model. 
  • Modality representation in the lumbar and cervical fasciculus gracilis of squirrel monkeys. 
  • Modeling the spinal pudendo-vesical reflex for bladder control by pudendal afferent stimulation. 
  • Modularity of motor output evoked by intraspinal microstimulation in cats. 
  • Modulation of activity and conduction in single dorsal column axons by kilohertz-frequency spinal cord stimulation. 
  • Modulation of embryonic chick motoneuron glutamate sensitivity by interneurons and agonists. 
  • Multisession CyberKnife radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. 
  • Murine susceptibility to organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). 
  • NFκB-mediated CXCL1 production in spinal cord astrocytes contributes to the maintenance of bone cancer pain in mice. 
  • Natural History, Predictors of Outcome, and Effects of Treatment in Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury: A Multi-Center Cohort Study from the North American Clinical Trials Network. 
  • Neuroanesthesia Guidelines for Optimizing Transcranial Motor Evoked Potential Neuromonitoring During Deformity and Complex Spinal Surgery: A Delphi Consensus Study. 
  • Neurofilament-L is a protein phosphatase-1-binding protein associated with neuronal plasma membrane and post-synaptic density. 
  • Neurologic Decline After Spinal Angiography for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula and Improvement with Emergent Surgical Ligation. 
  • Neurologic injury from undersea diving. 
  • Neuronal apoptosis associated with morphine tolerance: evidence for an opioid-induced neurotoxic mechanism. 
  • Neuropathic pain activates the endogenous kappa opioid system in mouse spinal cord and induces opioid receptor tolerance. 
  • Neuropathology in respiratory-related motoneurons in young Pompe (Gaa(-/-)) mice. 
  • Neuropeptide Y and galanin binding sites in rat and monkey lumbar dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord and effect of peripheral axotomy. 
  • Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring during surgery for tethered cord syndrome. 
  • Neurotoxicity of ethyl methacrylate in rats. 
  • Neurotrophins: peripherally and centrally acting modulators of tactile stimulus-induced inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. 
  • New insights into the mechanisms of itch: are pain and itch controlled by distinct mechanisms? 
  • Nitric oxide production is enhanced in rat brain before oxygen-induced convulsions. 
  • Noninvasive measurement and screening techniques for spinal deformities. 
  • On the mechanism of acetylcholine receptor accumulation at newly formed synapses on chick myotubes. 
  • Organization of intralaminar and translaminar neuronal connectivity in the superficial spinal dorsal horn. 
  • Organogenesis particularly relevant to fetal surgery. 
  • Orthopedic surgery modulates neuropeptides and BDNF expression at the spinal and hippocampal levels. 
  • Outcomes of percutaneous and paddle lead implantation for spinal cord stimulation: a comparative analysis of complications, reoperation rates, and health-care costs. 
  • Pain regulation by non-neuronal cells and inflammation. 
  • Paresthesias and EEG potentials evoked by stimulation of the dorsal funiculi in man. 
  • Parotid gland dose in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: is what you plan what you get? 
  • Pathologic quiz case: acute-onset paraplegia in a 60-year-old woman. Spinal cord infarction secondary to fibrocartilaginous (intervertebral disk) embolism. 
  • Perioperative spinal cord infarction in nonaortic surgery: report of three cases and review of the literature. 
  • Peripheral axonal injury results in reduced mu opioid receptor pre- and post-synaptic action in the spinal cord. 
  • Peripheral blood detection of systemic graft-specific xeno-antibodies following transplantation of human neural progenitor cells into the porcine spinal cord. 
  • Peripheral noxious stimulation induces phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit at the PKC-dependent site, serine-896, in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. 
  • Peroxynitrite triggers a phenotypic transformation in spinal cord astrocytes that induces motor neuron apoptosis. 
  • Persistent postoperative pain: mechanisms and modulators. 
  • Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride alters sensitivity to organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity in developing animals. 
  • Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride protects rats from Mipafox-induced delayed neuropathy. 
  • Phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB in rat spinal cord after formalin-induced hyperalgesia: relationship to c-fos induction. 
  • Poliovirus receptor CD155-targeted oncolysis of glioma. 
  • Polyethylene glycol fusion repair prevents reinnervation accuracy in rat peripheral nerve. 
  • Polyphosphoramidate gene carriers: effect of charge group on gene transfer efficiency. 
  • Postmortem diffusion MRI of the entire human spinal cord at microscopic resolution. 
  • Potentiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. 
  • Predictive Modeling of Length of Hospital Stay Following Adult Spinal Deformity Correction: Analysis of 653 Patients with an Accuracy of 75% within 2 Days. 
  • Predictors of pulmonary complications in blunt traumatic spinal cord injury. 
  • Preferential motor reinnervation in the mouse: comparison of femoral nerve repair using a fibrin sealant or suture. 
  • Presynaptic inhibition of spinal sensory feedback ensures smooth movement. 
  • Progesterone is neuroprotective after acute experimental spinal cord trauma in rats. 
  • Prognostic value of neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring in tethered cord syndrome surgery. 
  • Pyrrole oxidation and protein cross-linking as necessary steps in the development of gamma-diketone neuropathy. 
  • Radiation dose-volume effects in the spinal cord. 
  • Recent Trends in Medicare Utilization and Reimbursement for Spinal Cord Stimulators: 2000-2019. 
  • Receptor endocytosis and dendrite reshaping in spinal neurons after somatosensory stimulation. 
  • Recurrent demyelinating myelitis associated with hepatitis C viral infection. 
  • Reduced GABA neurotransmission underlies hyperalgesia induced by repeated forced swimming stress. 
  • Reduction of spinal PGE2 concentrations prevents swim stress-induced thermal hyperalgesia. 
  • Relationship of neuropathy target esterase inhibition to neuropathology and ataxia in hens given organophosphorus esters. 
  • Repeated intrathecal administration of plasmid DNA complexed with polyethylene glycol-grafted polyethylenimine led to prolonged transgene expression in the spinal cord. 
  • Repeated swim stress increases pain-induced expression of c-Fos in the rat lumbar cord. 
  • Repetitive hyperbaric oxygen treatment attenuates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced pain and reduces glia-mediated neuroinflammation in the spinal cord. 
  • Resolvin D2 is a potent endogenous inhibitor for transient receptor potential subtype V1/A1, inflammatory pain, and spinal cord synaptic plasticity in mice: distinct roles of resolvin D1, D2, and E1. 
  • Resolvin E1 inhibits neuropathic pain and spinal cord microglial activation following peripheral nerve injury. 
  • Resolving TRPV1- and TNF-α-mediated spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain with neuroprotectin D1. 
  • Restoration of locomotive function in Parkinson's disease by spinal cord stimulation: mechanistic approach. 
  • Retinoid signaling and the generation of regional and cellular diversity in the embryonic mouse spinal cord. 
  • Retrograde axonal transport of locally synthesized phosphoinositides in the rat sciatic nerve. 
  • Role of the CX3CR1/p38 MAPK pathway in spinal microglia for the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury-induced cleavage of fractalkine. 
  • Roles of inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, and neuroinflammation in pain. 
  • SHANK3 Deficiency Impairs Heat Hyperalgesia and TRPV1 Signaling in Primary Sensory Neurons. 
  • SNPs in the neural cell adhesion molecule 1 gene (NCAM1) may be associated with human neural tube defects. 
  • Safety and efficacy of concurrent pediatric spinal cord untethering and deformity correction. 
  • Schistosomal myelitis: findings at MR imaging. 
  • Segmental organization of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the mammalian spinal cord. 
  • Sensitization of Endothelial Cells to Ionizing Radiation Exacerbates Delayed Radiation Myelopathy in Mice. 
  • Sensory and circuit mechanisms mediating lower urinary tract reflexes. 
  • Sex-Dependent Glial Signaling in Pathological Pain: Distinct Roles of Spinal Microglia and Astrocytes. 
  • Short small-interfering RNAs produce interferon-α-mediated analgesia. 
  • Shuttle mission effects on glutamate receptor expression in the developing rodent spinal cord. 
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals time- and sex-specific responses of mouse spinal cord microglia to peripheral nerve injury and links ApoE to chronic pain. 
  • Somatodendritic Expression of JAM2 Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Myelination. 
  • Sparing of Descending Axons Rescues Interneuron Plasticity in the Lumbar Cord to Allow Adaptive Learning After Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. 
  • Spatially restricted patterns of expression of the homeobox-containing gene Hox 2.1. during mouse embryogenesis. 
  • Specific connections between nerve cells. 
  • Specific innervation of guinea-pig superior cervical ganglion cells by preganglionic fibres arising from different levels of the spinal cord. 
  • Spectrophotometry of cerebral cytochrome a, a3 in bloodless rats. 
  • Spinal CCL2 Promotes Central Sensitization, Long-Term Potentiation, and Inflammatory Pain via CCR2: Further Insights into Molecular, Synaptic, and Cellular Mechanisms. 
  • Spinal activation of protein kinase C elicits phrenic motor facilitation. 
  • Spinal arteriovenous malformation presenting as meningitis. 
  • Spinal capillary hemangioma in infants: report of two cases and review of the literature. 
  • Spinal cord gray matter segmentation using deep dilated convolutions. 
  • Spinal cord infarction: etiology and outcome. 
  • Spinal cord neural anatomy in rats examined by in vivo magnetic resonance microscopy. 
  • Spinal cord stimulation alleviates motor deficits in a primate model of Parkinson disease. 
  • Spinal cord stimulation failed to relieve akinesia or restore locomotion in Parkinson disease. 
  • Spinal cord stimulation restores locomotion in animal models of Parkinson's disease. 
  • Spinal deformity: a new classification derived from neutral upright spinal alignment measurements in asymptomatic juvenile, adolescent, adult, and geriatric individuals. 
  • Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: demonstration using phase contrast MRA. 
  • Spinal inhibition of p38 MAP kinase reduces inflammatory and neuropathic pain in male but not female mice: Sex-dependent microglial signaling in the spinal cord. 
  • Spinal injection of TNF-α-activated astrocytes produces persistent pain symptom mechanical allodynia by releasing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. 
  • Spinal meningeal diverticula in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: analysis of prevalence and myelographic appearance. 
  • Spinal micturition reflex mediated by afferents in the deep perineal nerve. 
  • Spinal sensory projection neuron responses to spinal cord stimulation are mediated by circuits beyond gate control. 
  • Split cord malformation in adults: Literature review and classification. 
  • Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to spinal aneurysms: diagnosis and treatment paradigm. 
  • Stathmin-deficient mice develop an age-dependent axonopathy of the central and peripheral nervous systems. 
  • Stereotactic body radiotherapy for lesions of the spine and paraspinal regions. 
  • Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor. 
  • Stochastic hyperelastic constitutive laws and identification procedure for soft biological tissues with intrinsic variability. 
  • Stress-induced hyperalgesia is associated with a reduced and delayed GABA inhibitory control that enhances post-synaptic NMDA receptor activation in the spinal cord. 
  • Study of Spinal Cord Substructure Expansion Margin in Esophageal Cancer. 
  • Subtle cord magnetic resonance changes in cervical myelomalacia. 
  • Successful management of pain syndrome due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis by implantable spinal cord stimulator. 
  • Surgery, hyperfractionated craniospinal irradiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of supratentorial embryonal neuroepithelial neoplasms in children. 
  • Surround Inhibition Mediates Pain Relief by Low Amplitude Spinal Cord Stimulation: Modeling and Measurement. 
  • Sustained Hypoxia Elicits Competing Spinal Mechanisms of Phrenic Motor Facilitation. 
  • Sustained stimulation of β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors leads to persistent functional pain and neuroinflammation. 
  • Synaptic clustering of AMPA receptors by the extracellular immediate-early gene product Narp. 
  • Synaptically targeted narp plays an essential role in the aggregation of AMPA receptors at excitatory synapses in cultured spinal neurons. 
  • Syncoilin modulates peripherin filament networks and is necessary for large-calibre motor neurons. 
  • TLR3 deficiency impairs spinal cord synaptic transmission, central sensitization, and pruritus in mice. 
  • TNF-α contributes to spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain: distinct role of TNF receptor subtypes 1 and 2. 
  • TNF-α/TNFR1 Signaling is Required for the Full Expression of Acute and Chronic Itch in Mice via Peripheral and Central Mechanisms. 
  • TNFa/TNFR2 signaling is required for glial ensheathment at the dorsal root entry zone. 
  • TRAF6 upregulation in spinal astrocytes maintains neuropathic pain by integrating TNF-α and IL-1β signaling. 
  • Tapping into spinal circuits to restore motor function. 
  • Targeting microglial purinergic signaling to improve morphine analgesia. 
  • Tethered cord due to spina bifida occulta presenting in adulthood: a tricenter review of 61 patients. 
  • The Effects of Thermal Preconditioning on Oncogenic and Intraspinal Cord Growth Features of Human Glioma Cells. 
  • The Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American Association for Thoracic Surgery clinical practice guidelines on the management of type B aortic dissection. 
  • The anti-migraine component of butterbur extracts, isopetasin, desensitizes peptidergic nociceptors by acting on TRPA1 cation channel. 
  • The c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) in spinal astrocytes is required for the maintenance of bilateral mechanical allodynia under a persistent inflammatory pain condition. 
  • The correlation between neurotoxic esterase inhibition and mipafox-induced neuropathic damage in rats. 
  • The current status and recent advances in high-resolution imaging of spinal vascular malformations. 
  • The development of excitatory synapses in cultured spinal neurons. 
  • The effects of stimulating the dorsal columns of man. 
  • The elimination of redundant preganglionic innervation to hamster sympathetic ganglion cells in early post-natal life. 
  • The immunohistochemical profile of the myelomeningocele placode: is the placode normal? 
  • The impact of dose rate on the neurotoxicity of acrylamide: the interaction of administered dose, target tissue concentrations, tissue damage, and functional effects. 
  • The nigral projection to predorsal bundle cells in the superior colliculus of the rat. 
  • The oligodendrocyte-specific G protein-coupled receptor GPR17 is a cell-intrinsic timer of myelination. 
  • The relationship between neurological damage and neurotoxic esterase inhibition in rats acutely exposed to tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate. 
  • The utility of non-axial treatment beam orientations for lower lobe lung cancers. 
  • The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of fatty filum terminale. 
  • The zebrafish as a model for complex tissue regeneration. 
  • Thermoelectrical modeling of bipolar coagulation on posterior spinal artery in a porcine spinal surgery model. 
  • Thoracolumbar spinal deformity: evaluation and treatment. Foreword. 
  • Thrombospondin-4 contributes to spinal sensitization and neuropathic pain states. 
  • Tissue plasminogen activator contributes to morphine tolerance and induces mechanical allodynia via astrocytic IL-1β and ERK signaling in the spinal cord of mice. 
  • Topical capsaicin treatment suppresses formalin-induced fos expression in rat spinal cord. 
  • Topography of spinal neurons active during hindlimb withdrawal reflexes in the decerebrate cat. 
  • Toxicity, biodistribution and radioprotective capacity of L-homocysteine thiolactone in CNS tissues and tumors in rodents: comparison with prior results with phosphorothioates. 
  • Transient ischemia induces massive nuclear accumulation of SUMO2/3-conjugated proteins in spinal cord neurons. 
  • Transient receptor potential ion channels V4 and A1 contribute to pancreatitis pain in mice. 
  • Transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 has a major role in visceral hypersensitivity symptoms. 
  • Treatment of patients with pineoblastoma with high dose cyclophosphamide. 
  • Triphenyl phosphite: in vivo and in vitro inhibition of rat neurotoxic esterase. 
  • Twenty-four hour rhythms in the glycine content of rat hindbrain and spinal cord. 
  • Unraveling the Mechanisms of Manual Therapy: Modeling an Approach. 
  • Unusual presentation of an adult intramedullary spinal teratoma with diplomyelia. 
  • Upregulation of spinal cannabinoid-1-receptors following nerve injury enhances the effects of Win 55,212-2 on neuropathic pain behaviors in rats. 
  • VGLUT2-dependent glutamate release from nociceptors is required to sense pain and suppress itch. 
  • Vascular malformations presenting as spinal cord neoplasms: case report. 
  • Volumetric arc intensity-modulated therapy for spine body radiotherapy: comparison with static intensity-modulated treatment. 
  • Waxholm Space atlas of the Sprague Dawley rat brain. 
  • [3H]dihydroergocryptine binding in rat brain. 
  • [Analgesic effect of intrathecal injection of Herpes simplex virus type I amplicon vector-mediated human preproenkephalin gene on chronic neuropathic pain: experiment with rats]. 
  • [Electroacupuncture enhances enkephalin mRNA expression in the spinal cord and medulla, an in situ hybridization study]. 
  • [Induction of Fos-like protein in the rat spinal cord following electroacupuncture stimulation]. 
  • [Proto-oncogene and pain modulation]. 
  • alpha 2-Adrenergic receptors in human spinal cord: specific localized expression of mRNA encoding alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes at four distinct levels. 
  • p38 MAPK, microglial signaling, and neuropathic pain. 
  • p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is activated after a spinal nerve ligation in spinal cord microglia and dorsal root ganglion neurons and contributes to the generation of neuropathic pain. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bennett, Vann, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, Professor Emeritus of Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., Research Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • McLendon, Roger Edwin, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Nicolelis, Miguel Angelo L., Duke School of Medicine Distinguished Professor in Neuroscience, Neurobiology
  • O'Daniel, Jennifer Colleen, Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology
  • Sampson, John Howard, Robert H., M.D. and Gloria Wilkins Professor of Neurosurgery, in the School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering
  • Stinnett, Sandra Sue, Associate Professor of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics