Thymus Gland

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A case of atypical, complete DiGeorge syndrome without 22q11 mutation. 
  • A cell-intrinsic role for Mst1 in regulating thymocyte egress. 
  • A change in the structure of Vbeta chromatin associated with TCR beta allelic exclusion. 
  • A comparison of murine T-cell-depleted adult bone marrow and full-term fetal blood cells in hematopoietic engraftment and immune reconstitution. 
  • A developmental switch from TCR delta enhancer to TCR alpha enhancer function during thymocyte maturation. 
  • A distinct wave of human T cell receptor gamma/delta lymphocytes in the early fetal thymus: evidence for controlled gene rearrangement and cytokine production. 
  • A new model of Epstein-Barr virus infection reveals an important role for early lytic viral protein expression in the development of lymphomas. 
  • A novel activation pathway for mature thymocytes. Costimulation of CD2 (T,p50) and CD28 (T,p44) induces autocrine interleukin 2/interleukin 2 receptor-mediated cell proliferation. 
  • A novel role for HEB downstream or parallel to the pre-TCR signaling pathway during alpha beta thymopoiesis. 
  • A role for MAPK in feedback inhibition of Tcrb recombination. 
  • A role for cohesin in T-cell-receptor rearrangement and thymocyte differentiation. 
  • A role of the CTCF binding site at enhancer Eα in the dynamic chromatin organization of the Tcra-Tcrd locus. 
  • A stress response pathway regulates DNA damage through β2-adrenoreceptors and β-arrestin-1. 
  • A systematic review of newer pharmacotherapies for depression in adults: evidence report summary. 
  • A threshold for central T cell tolerance to an inducible serum protein 
  • AD2, a human molecule involved in the interaction of T cells with epidermal keratinocytes and thymic epithelial cells. 
  • Abnormal development of thymic dendritic and epithelial cells in human X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. 
  • Accelerated thymic maturation and autoreactive T cells in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 
  • Accessibility control of T cell receptor gene rearrangement in developing thymocytes. The TCR alpha/delta locus. 
  • Age-Related Changes in Thymic Central Tolerance. 
  • Age-related thymic atrophy in the guinea pig. 
  • Allelic exclusion of mouse T cell receptor alpha chains occurs at the time of thymocyte TCR up-regulation. 
  • Allelic exclusion of the TCR alpha-chain is an active process requiring TCR-mediated signaling and c-Cbl. 
  • Altered immune responses in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. 
  • An analysis of T cell intrinsic roles of E2A by conditional gene disruption in the thymus. 
  • An antibody to human thymic Hassall's body epithelium recognizes a subset of blood group A antigens. 
  • An endogenous positively selecting peptide enhances mature T cell responses and becomes an autoantigen in the absence of microRNA miR-181a. 
  • An essential role for c-FLIP in the efficient development of mature T lymphocytes. 
  • Analysis of cleavage complexes using reactive inhibitor derivatives. 
  • Analysis of clones derived from human CD7+CD4-CD8-CD3- thymocytes. 
  • Analysis of expression of CD2, CD3, and T cell antigen receptor molecules during early human fetal thymic development. 
  • Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. 
  • Analysis of the human thymic perivascular space during aging. 
  • Ankyrin-B is required for intracellular sorting of structurally diverse Ca2+ homeostasis proteins. 
  • Antibodies in sera of patients with late-onset myasthenia gravis recognize the PEVK domain of titin. 
  • Arrested rearrangement of TCR V beta genes in thymocytes from children with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease. 
  • Assessing a role for enhancer-blocking activity in gene regulation within the murine T-cell receptor alpha/delta locus. 
  • Association of reticular dysgenesis (thymic alymphoplasia and congenital aleukocytosis) with bilateral sensorineural deafness. 
  • B cells in epithelial and perivascular compartments of human adult thymus. 
  • Bone marrow and thymus transplantation in ataxia-telangiectasia. 
  • CD34+CD38-lin- cord blood cells develop into dendritic cells in human thymic stromal monolayers and thymic nodules. 
  • CD4+Thy1- thymocytes with a Th-type 2 cytokine response. 
  • CD7 and CD28 are required for murine CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell homeostasis and prevention of thyroiditis. 
  • CD83 expression influences CD4+ T cell development in the thymus. 
  • CHOP mediates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in Gimap5-deficient T cells. 
  • Can the thymus win the battle against drug-resistant HIV? 
  • Carcinoids associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. 
  • Care of Children with DiGeorge Before and After Cultured Thymus Tissue Implantation. 
  • Case Report: Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in children with complete DiGeorge anomaly. 
  • Cell adhesion molecules involved in intrathymic T cell development. 
  • Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection. 
  • Characterization of a monoclonal antibody, RTE-21, that binds to keratohyalin granule-associated proteins in epithelial cells of human skin and thymus. 
  • Characterization of a thymus-tropic HIV-1 isolate from a rapid progressor: role of the envelope. 
  • Characterization of cultured thymus tissue used for transplantation with emphasis on promiscuous expression of thyroid tissue-specific genes. 
  • Characterization of human CD7 transgenic mice. 
  • Characterization of human thymic epithelial cell surface antigens: phenotypic similarity of thymic epithelial cells to epidermal keratinocytes. 
  • Clinical course and outcome predictors of critically ill infants with complete DiGeorge anomaly following thymus transplantation. 
  • Clinical implications of discordant viral and immune outcomes following protease inhibitor containing antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children. 
  • Clonal deletion and clonal anergy in the thymus induced by cellular elements with different radiation sensitivities. 
  • Cloning of mitogen- and antigen-reactive B lymphocytes on filter paper discs. II. Paratope frequencies within the mitogen-selected repertoire. 
  • Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand. 
  • Combined immunodeficiency disease associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Report on a workshop held in Albany, New York, October 1, 1973. 
  • Comparison of thymocyte development and cytokine production in CD7-deficient, CD28-deficient and CD7/CD28 double-deficient mice. 
  • Comparison of tumor and normal tissue oxygen tension measurements using OxyLite or microelectrodes in rodents. 
  • Complete DiGeorge syndrome: development of rash, lymphadenopathy, and oligoclonal T cells in 5 cases. 
  • Complete DiGeorge syndrome: persistence of profound immunodeficiency. 
  • Conformation-specific precipitation of human alpha 2-macroglobulin by divalent zinc or calf thymus histone H3. 
  • Constitutive Notch signalling promotes CD4 CD8 thymocyte differentiation in the absence of the pre-TCR complex, by mimicking pre-TCR signals. 
  • Contemporary Strategies and Barriers to Transplantation Tolerance. 
  • Continuous improvement in the immune system of HIV-infected children on prolonged antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Control of thymic T cell maturation, deletion and egress by the RNA-binding protein HuR. 
  • Cooperative enhancement of specificity in a lattice of T cell receptors. 
  • Correlating notch signaling with thymocyte maturation. 
  • Corticosteroids regulate epithelial cell differentiation and Hassall body formation in the human thymus. 
  • Cultured thymus tissue implantation promotes donor-specific tolerance to allogeneic heart transplants. 
  • Cytokine expression by invariant natural killer T cells is tightly regulated throughout development and settings of type-2 inflammation. 
  • Defective T cell development and function in the absence of Abelson kinases. 
  • Defective survival and activation of thymocytes in transgenic mice expressing a catalytically inactive form of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. 
  • Deficiency in Bak and Bax perturbs thymic selection and lymphoid homeostasis. 
  • Deficient innate immunity, thymopoiesis, and gene expression response to radiation in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 
  • Deletion of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors permits generation of alphabetaT cells that recognize antigens independently of the MHC. 
  • Deletion of Trpm7 disrupts embryonic development and thymopoiesis without altering Mg2+ homeostasis. 
  • Delineation of the signaling pathways involved in glucocorticoid-induced and spontaneous apoptosis of rat thymocytes. 
  • Deltex1 redirects lymphoid progenitors to the B cell lineage by antagonizing Notch1. 
  • Demonstration of abnormalities in expression of thymic epithelial surface antigens in severe cellular immunodeficiency diseases. 
  • Demonstration of abnormalities in expression of thymic epithelial surface antigens in severe cellular immunodeficiency diseases. 
  • Description of monoclonal antibody defining an HLA allotypic determinant that includes specificities within the B5 cross-reacting group. 
  • Detailed analysis of gene expression during development of T cell lineages in the thymus. 
  • Detection and partial characterization of human thymus-leukemia antigens. 
  • Development and characterization of a fusion protein between thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptide and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: sustained release of a local antiinflammatory therapeutic. 
  • Developmental immunology and the immunodeficiency diseases. 
  • Developmental regulation of P-glycoprotein activity within thymocytes results in increased anti-HIV protease inhibitor activity. 
  • Developmental regulation of alpha beta T cell antigen receptor assembly in immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. 
  • Developmental regulation of alpha beta T cell antigen receptor expression results from differential stability of nascent TCR alpha proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum of immature and mature T cells. 
  • Developmental regulation of lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) expression in thymus during human T-cell maturation. 
  • Differentiation of human T cells. 
  • Differentiation of human T lymphocytes. I. Acquisition of a novel human cell surface protein (p80) during normal intrathymic T cell maturation. 
  • Direct MHC class I complementary DNA transfer to thymus induces donor-specific unresponsiveness, which involves multiple immunologic mechanisms. 
  • Disruption of Mekk2 in mice reveals an unexpected role for MEKK2 in modulating T-cell receptor signal transduction. 
  • Disruption of intrathymic CD4-Ia interactions on immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes results in diminished TCR expression on mature CD8+ T cell progeny. 
  • Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii disease in complete DiGeorge syndrome. 
  • Distinct contracted conformations of the Tcra/Tcrd locus during Tcra and Tcrd recombination. 
  • Diversity and organization of human T cell receptor delta variable gene segments. 
  • Down-regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor ROR gamma t is essential for T lymphocyte maturation. 
  • Duplication of single stranded DNA catalyzed by calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha. 
  • E-protein-regulated expression of CXCR4 adheres preselection thymocytes to the thymic cortex. 
  • Early events in human T cell ontogeny. Phenotypic characterization and immunohistologic localization of T cell precursors in early human fetal tissues. 
  • Early growth response 1 and NF-ATc1 act in concert to promote thymocyte development beyond the beta-selection checkpoint. 
  • Early human T cell development: analysis of the human thymus at the time of initial entry of hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal thymic microenvironment. 
  • Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy and thymic transplantation on immunoreconstitution in HIV infection. 
  • Effect of synthetic thymic and pineal peptides on biomarkers of ageing, survival and spontaneous tumour incidence in female CBA mice. 
  • Effect of thymectomy on human peripheral blood T cell pools in myasthenia gravis. 
  • Effect of thymectomy on peripheral lymphocyte subsets in myasthenia gravis: selective effect on T-cells in patients with thymic atrophy. 
  • Epithelial-thymocyte interactions in human thymus. 
  • Escape from tolerance in the human X-linked autoimmunity-allergic disregulation syndrome and the Scurfy mouse. 
  • Eukaryotic gene transcription with purified components. 
  • Evidence for susceptibility of intrathymic T-cell precursors and their progeny carrying T-cell antigen receptor phenotypes TCR alpha beta + and TCR gamma delta + to human immunodeficiency virus infection: a mechanism for CD4+ (T4) lymphocyte depletion. 
  • Evidence that non-caspase proteases are required for chromatin degradation during apoptosis. 
  • Examination of the mechanisms responsible for tolerance induction after intrathymic inoculation of allogeneic bone marrow. 
  • Experience with cultured thymus tissue in 105 children. 
  • Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats. Modification by thymectomy and prednisolone. 
  • Expression of CD44 molecules and CD44 ligands during human thymic fetal development: expression of CD44 isoforms is developmentally regulated. 
  • Expression of antigens by cultured epithelial cells: comparison of epidermis and thymic epithelium. 
  • Expression of early activation antigen (CD69) during human thymic development. 
  • Expression of the CD7 ligand K-12 in human thymic epithelial cells: regulation by IFN-gamma. 
  • Expression of the human leukocyte adhesion molecule, LAM1. Identity with the TQ1 and Leu-8 differentiation antigens. 
  • Expression profiling of a transformed thymocyte cell line undergoing maturation in vitro identifies multiple genes involved in positive selection. 
  • FKBP12 is not required for the modulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor I signaling activity in embryonic fibroblasts and thymocytes. 
  • FOXN1 compound heterozygous mutations cause selective thymic hypoplasia in humans. 
  • FOXN1 mutation abrogates prenatal T-cell development in humans. 
  • Factors affecting success of thymus transplantation for complete DiGeorge anomaly. 
  • Fatal cytomegalovirus bronchiolitis in a patient with Nezelof's syndrome. 
  • Fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells give rise to distinct T cell lineages in humans. 
  • First use of thymus transplantation therapy for FOXN1 deficiency (nude/SCID): a report of 2 cases. 
  • Flexible stereospecific interactions and composition within nucleoprotein complexes assembled on the TCR alpha gene enhancer. 
  • Functional development of the T cell receptor for antigen. 
  • Functional redundancy of the Nur77 and Nor-1 orphan steroid receptors in T-cell apoptosis. 
  • Functions of E2A-HEB heterodimers in T-cell development revealed by a dominant negative mutation of HEB. 
  • Gene therapy in transplantation. 
  • Gene transfer to the thymus. A means of abrogating the immune response to recombinant adenovirus. 
  • Genetic mosaics reveal both cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous function of murine p27Kip1. 
  • Glimpse of natural selection of long-lived T-cell clones in healthy life. 
  • Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis: protease-dependent activation of cell shrinkage and DNA degradation. 
  • Growth and chemotherapeutic response in athymic mice of tumors arising from human glioma-derived cell lines. 
  • HIV infection and the dynamic interplay between the thymus and the peripheral T cell pool. 
  • HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3)/Scythe is essential for p300-mediated acetylation of p53. 
  • Hematopoietic stem cell dose correlates with the speed of immune reconstitution after stem cell transplantation. 
  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency in the neonatal period leads to superior thymic output and improved survival. 
  • Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis. 
  • Histologic and molecular assessment of human thymus. 
  • Histopathologic assessment of cultured human thymus. 
  • Human FOXN1-deficiency is associated with αβ double-negative and FoxP3+ T-cell expansions that are distinctly modulated upon thymic transplantation. 
  • Human T cell antigen expression during the early stages of fetal thymic maturation. 
  • Human T cell reconstitution in DiGeorge syndrome and HIV-1 infection. 
  • Human equivalent of the mouse Nude/SCID phenotype: long-term evaluation of immunologic reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation. 
  • Human intrathymic T cell differentiation. 
  • Human postnatal CD4- CD8- CD3- thymic T cell precursors differentiate in vitro into T cell receptor delta-bearing cells. 
  • Human thymic epithelial cells directly induce activation of autologous immature thymocytes. 
  • Human thymic epithelial cells function as accessory cells for autologous mature thymocyte activation. 
  • Human thymic epithelial cells produce IL-6, granulocyte-monocyte-CSF, and leukemia inhibitory factor. 
  • Human thymic epithelial cells produce granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factors. 
  • Human thymic epithelial cells produce interleukin 1. 
  • Human thymic epithelium and T cell development: current issues and future directions. 
  • Human thymocytes bind to autologous and allogeneic thymic epithelial cells in vitro. 
  • Hypoxia in the thymus: role of oxygen tension in thymocyte survival. 
  • IL-15 regulates homeostasis and terminal maturation of NKT cells. 
  • IL-2 production by self-reactive CD4 thymocytes scales regulatory T cell generation in the thymus. 
  • Id3 and Id2 act as a dual safety mechanism in regulating the development and population size of innate-like γδ T cells. 
  • Id3 restricts the developmental potential of gamma delta lineage during thymopoiesis. 
  • Identification and characterization of a 100-kD ligand for CD6 on human thymic epithelial cells. 
  • Identification of human and rodent thymic epithelium using tetanus toxin and monoclonal antibody A2B5. 
  • Identification of resting cells by dual-parameter flow cytometry of statin expression and DNA content. 
  • Immature human thymocytes can be driven to differentiate into nonlymphoid lineages by cytokines from thymic epithelial cells. 
  • Immune reconstitution in patients with HIV infection. 
  • Immune responses during administration of adriamycin and Corynebacterium parvum. 
  • Immunologic characterization of CD7-deficient mice. 
  • Immunologic studies on T and B lymphocytes in chimpanzees: effects of thymectomy and irradiation. 
  • Immunological studies of RNA polymerase II using antibodies to subunits of Drosophila and wheat germ enzyme. 
  • Immunoreconstitution. 
  • In utero transplantation of rat hematopoietic stem cells induces xenogeneic chimerism in mice. 
  • In vitro growth and phenotypic characterization of mesodermal-derived and epithelial components of normal and abnormal human thymus. 
  • In vivo models of human lymphopoiesis and autoimmunity in severe combined immune deficient mice. 
  • Incompatible bone-marrow transplantation in lymphopenic immunologic deficiency. Circumvention of fatal graft-versus-host disease by immunologic enhancement. 
  • Induction of immune activation by a novel immunomodulatory oligonucleotide without thymocyte apoptosis. 
  • Induction of specific tolerance by intrathymic injection of recipient muscle cells transfected with donor class I major histocompatibility complex. 
  • Induction of tolerance to parental parathyroid grafts using allogeneic thymus tissue in patients with DiGeorge anomaly. 
  • Inhibition of fetal thymic caspases abrogates the consequences of adenosine deaminase deficiency. 
  • Initiation of allelic exclusion by stochastic interaction of Tcrb alleles with repressive nuclear compartments. 
  • Integrin functions play a key role in the differentiation of thymocytes in vivo. 
  • Intercellular Protein Transfer from Thymocytes to Thymic Epithelial Cells. 
  • Interleukin-7 receptor alpha is essential for the development of gamma delta + T cells, but not natural killer cells. 
  • Intracellular K+ suppresses the activation of apoptosis in lymphocytes. 
  • Intrathymic injection of donor alloantigens induces donor-specific vascularized allograft tolerance without immunosuppression. 
  • Introducing thymus for promoting transplantation tolerance. 
  • Investigation of the influence on conformational transition of DNA induced by cationic lipid vesicles. 
  • Late Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation and Age on Human Thymus Morphology and Function. 
  • Late effects of total body irradiation on hematopoietic recovery and immune function in rhesus macaques. 
  • Leptin selectively augments thymopoiesis in leptin deficiency and lipopolysaccharide-induced thymic atrophy. 
  • Leukemia inhibitory factor is a mediator of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced acute thymic atrophy. 
  • Leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, IL-6, and stem cell factor mRNA expression in human thymus increases with age and is associated with thymic atrophy. 
  • Ligand binding to the LFA-3 cell adhesion molecule induces IL-1 production by human thymic epithelial cells. 
  • Ligand-specific selection of MHC class II-restricted thymocytes in fetal thymic organ culture. 
  • Linkage of the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation with a functional polymorphism of CD45RA. 
  • Linker for activation of T cells (LAT), a novel immunohistochemical marker for T cells, NK cells, mast cells, and megakaryocytes: evaluation in normal and pathological conditions. 
  • Liposome-mediated conformation transition of DNA detected by molecular probe: methyl green. 
  • Long-term in vivo imaging of multiple organs at the single cell level. 
  • Long-term tolerance to allogeneic thymus transplants in complete DiGeorge anomaly. 
  • Loss of Zfp335 triggers cGAS/STING-dependent apoptosis of post-β selection thymocytes. 
  • Loss of the Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme UBE2W Results in Susceptibility to Early Postnatal Lethality and Defects in Skin, Immune, and Male Reproductive Systems. 
  • Lymphopenic immunologic deficiency in identical twins: lymphocyte allografting and graft-versus-host disease following treatment with albumin-gradient-separated paternal bone marrow cells. 
  • MEKK3 is essential for lymphopenia-induced T cell proliferation and survival. 
  • Maintaining T lymphocyte homeostasis: another duty of autophagy. 
  • Maintenance of T cell specification and differentiation requires recurrent notch receptor-ligand interactions. 
  • Marked induction of the helix-loop-helix protein Id3 promotes the gammadelta T cell fate and renders their functional maturation Notch independent. 
  • Massive thymic hyperplasia: characterization of a rare mediastinal mass. 
  • Maternal alloantigens promote the development of tolerogenic fetal regulatory T cells in utero. 
  • Mcl-1 promotes survival of thymocytes by inhibition of Bak in a pathway separate from Bcl-2. 
  • Measurements of a large anisotropy in the swelling of oriented DNA films in aqueous solution. 
  • Mechanisms of tolerance to parental parathyroid tissue when combined with human allogeneic thymus transplantation. 
  • Mesenchymal cell replacement corrects thymic hypoplasia in murine models of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. 
  • Metabolites from apoptotic thymocytes inhibit thymopoiesis in adenosine deaminase-deficient fetal thymic organ cultures. 
  • Minimal requirement of tyrosine residues of linker for activation of T cells in TCR signaling and thymocyte development. 
  • Mitochondrial basis for immune deficiency. Evidence from purine nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient mice. 
  • Modulation of coreceptor transcription during positive selection dictates lineage fate independently of TCR/coreceptor specificity. 
  • Monoclonal antibodies to CD2 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 inhibit human thymic epithelial cell-dependent mature thymocyte activation. 
  • Monoclonal antibodies to the common gamma-chain as cytokine receptor antagonists in vivo: effect on intrathymic and intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocyte development. 
  • Monoclonal antibody against human T cell leukemia virus p19 defines a human thymic epithelial antigen acquired during ontogeny. 
  • Monoclonal immunoglobulin-secreting lymphoma in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. 
  • Multilocular thymic cysts in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection: clinical and pathologic aspects. 
  • Multiple constraints at the level of TCRalpha rearrangement impact Valpha14i NKT cell development. 
  • Multiple gamma c-dependent cytokines regulate T-cell development. 
  • Murine female reproductive tract intraepithelial lymphocytes display selection characteristics distinct from both peripheral and other mucosal T cells. 
  • Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. 
  • Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. 
  • Naïve T cells are maintained in the periphery during the first 3 months of acute HIV-1 infection: implications for analysis of thymus function. 
  • Negative regulation of mTOR activation by diacylglycerol kinases. 
  • Norepinephrine regulates hepatic innate immune system in leptin-deficient mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Normalization of the peripheral blood T cell receptor V beta repertoire after cultured postnatal human thymic transplantation in DiGeorge syndrome. 
  • Notch signalling in B cells. 
  • Novel antigen-presenting cell imparts Treg-dependent tolerance to gut microbiota. 
  • Obligatory role for cooperative signaling by pre-TCR and Notch during thymocyte differentiation. 
  • Ontogeny of the human thymus during fetal development. 
  • Optimization of Single- and Dual-Color Immunofluorescence Protocols for Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Archival Tissues. 
  • Organ distribution of Corynebacterium parvum labeled with iodine-125. 
  • Orphan nuclear receptors in T lymphocyte development. 
  • PD-1-dependent mechanisms maintain peripheral tolerance of donor-reactive CD8+ T cells to transplanted tissue. 
  • PF4/heparin complexes are T cell-dependent antigens. 
  • Perspective: research highlights at the Duke University center for AIDS research. Immunoreconstitution in HIV infection: the role of the thymus. 
  • Phenotypic characterization and ontogeny of components of the human thymic microenvironment. 
  • Phenotypic characterization and ontogeny of mesodermal-derived and endocrine epithelial components of the human thymic microenvironment. 
  • Phylodynamics of HIV-1 in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues reveals a central role for the thymus in emergence of CXCR4-using quasispecies. 
  • Plasma membrane aquaporin activity can affect the rate of apoptosis but is inhibited after apoptotic volume decrease. 
  • Polyclonal polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with prominent pulmonary involvement in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 
  • Polypeptides of avian RNA tumor viruses. 3. Purification and identification of a DNA synthesizing enzyme. 
  • Positive Family History, Infection, Low Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC), and Absent Thymic Shadow: Diagnostic Clues for All Molecular Forms of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID). 
  • Possible extrathymic development of nonfunctional T cells in a patient with complete DiGeorge syndrome. 
  • Postnatal thymus transplantation with immunosuppression as treatment for DiGeorge syndrome. 
  • Posttranslational regulation of TCR Valpha allelic exclusion during T cell differentiation. 
  • Recovery from and consequences of severe iatrogenic lymphopenia (induced to treat autoimmune diseases). 
  • Reduced thymic maturation but normal effector function of CD8+ T cells in CD8 beta gene-targeted mice. 
  • Reduced thymic output, increased spontaneous apoptosis and oligoclonal B cells in polyethylene glycol-adenosine deaminase-treated patients. 
  • Regulating regulatory T cells. 
  • Regulation of RasGRP1 function in T cell development and activation by its unique tail domain. 
  • Regulation of T cell receptor beta allelic exclusion at a level beyond accessibility. 
  • Regulation of TCR delta and alpha repertoires by local and long-distance control of variable gene segment chromatin structure. 
  • Regulation of apoptosis in S49 cells. 
  • Regulation of cytokine production in the human thymus: epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha regulate mRNA levels of interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, and IL-6 in human thymic epithelial cells at a post-transcriptional level. 
  • Regulation of γδ T Cell Effector Diversification in the Thymus. 
  • Relationship of in vitro morphologic and growth characteristics of established human glioma-derived cell lines to their tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. 
  • Removal of fibroblasts from human epithelial cell cultures with use of a complement fixing monoclonal antibody reactive with human fibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages. 
  • Requirement for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase type IV/Gr in setting the thymocyte selection threshold. 
  • Resistance of neoplasms to immunological destruction: role of a macrophage chemotaxis inhibitor. 
  • Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORgamma) is essential for lymphoid organogenesis and controls apoptosis during thymopoiesis. 
  • Reversal of the T cell immune system reveals the molecular basis for T cell lineage fate determination in the thymus. 
  • Review of 54 patients with complete DiGeorge anomaly enrolled in protocols for thymus transplantation: outcome of 44 consecutive transplants. 
  • Role of thromboxane A2 in the induction of apoptosis of immature thymocytes by lipopolysaccharide. 
  • Roles of autophagy in lymphocytes: reflections and directions. 
  • Selective immunoglobulin deficiency associated with thymic alymphoplasia. 
  • Self-antigen-presenting cells expressing diabetes-associated autoantigens exist in both thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs. 
  • Sequence complexity of nuclear RNAs in adult rat tissues. 
  • Silver staining of histones in Triton-acid-urea gels. 
  • Single-cell transcriptional profiling of human thymic stroma uncovers novel cellular heterogeneity in the thymic medulla. 
  • Specificity analysis of antibodies to single-stranded micrococcal DNA in the sera of normal human subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 
  • Spontaneous expression of antibodies to DNA of various species origin in sera of normal subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 
  • Stage-specific adhesion molecules in human intrathymic T-cell development. 
  • Stage-specific and differential notch dependency at the alphabeta and gammadelta T lineage bifurcation. 
  • Stage-specific functions of E-proteins at the β-selection and T-cell receptor checkpoints during thymocyte development. 
  • Stimulation of thymocyte proliferation by phosphorothioate DNA oligonucleotides. 
  • Stoichiometry of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex: each TCR/CD3 complex contains one TCR alpha, one TCR beta, and two CD3 epsilon chains. 
  • Successful engraftment of human postnatal thymus in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice: differential engraftment of thymic components with irradiation versus anti-asialo GM-1 immunosuppressive regimens. 
  • Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in an infant with DiGeorge anomaly, following thymus transplantation. 
  • Successful formation of a chimeric human thymus allograft following transplantation of cultured postnatal human thymus. 
  • Sudden death due to undiagnosed T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma in a 5-year-old boy. 
  • Synergistic control of T cell development and tumor suppression by diacylglycerol kinase alpha and zeta. 
  • T cell receptor excision circle assessment of thymopoiesis in aging mice. 
  • T cell repertoire development in humans with SCID after nonablative allogeneic marrow transplantation. 
  • T cell-depleted cultured pediatric thymus tissue as a model for some aspects of human age-related thymus involution. 
  • T cells as a self-referential, sensory organ. 
  • T-cell-receptor affinity and thymocyte positive selection. 
  • TCR signaling via Tec kinase ITK and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) regulates CD8+ T-cell differentiation. 
  • TGF-β signalling is required for CD4⁺ T cell homeostasis but dispensable for regulatory T cell function. 
  • Temporal and lineage-specific control of T cell receptor alpha/delta gene rearrangement by T cell receptor alpha and delta enhancers. 
  • The N2-ethylguanine and the O6-ethyl- and O6-methylguanine lesions in DNA: contrasting responses from the "bypass" DNA polymerase eta and the replicative DNA polymerase alpha. 
  • The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 promotes T lymphocyte survival at multiple stages. 
  • The binding of anti-DNA antibodies to phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in a solid phase immunoassay. 
  • The binding of sera of patients with SLE to bacterial and mammalian DNA. 
  • The biochemistry and molecular biology of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the immune system. 
  • The c-kit proto-oncogene receptor is expressed on a subset of human CD3-CD4-CD8- (triple-negative) thymocytes. 
  • The coenrichment of stem cells, prothymocytes, and stromal elements with ecotropic retrovirus-producing cells from the bone marrow of leukemia-prone AKR mice. 
  • The combined functions of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members bak and bax are essential for normal development of multiple tissues. 
  • The common gamma-chain of cytokine receptors regulates intrathymic T cell development at multiple stages. 
  • The cutaneous manifestations of atypical complete DiGeorge syndrome: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study. 
  • The diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): The Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) 2022 Definitions. 
  • The dynamics of T-cell receptor repertoire diversity following thymus transplantation for DiGeorge anomaly. 
  • The effect of unilateral limb shielding on the haemopoietic response of the guinea-pig to gamma irradiation (150 r.). 
  • The effects of leukemosuppressive immunotherapy on thymic infectious cell centers in AKR mice. 
  • The essential role of LAT in thymocyte development during transition from the double-positive to single-positive stage. 
  • The exon A (C77G) mutation is a common cause of abnormal CD45 splicing in humans. 
  • The expression of plasma nucleosomes in mice undergoing in vivo apoptosis. 
  • The human thymic microenvironment during organ culture. 
  • The human thymic microenvironment. 
  • The human thymic microenvironment. Phenotypic characterization of Hassall's bodies with the use of monoclonal antibodies. 
  • The human thymic microenvironment: cortical thymic epithelium is an antigenically distinct region of the thymic microenvironment. 
  • The human thymic microenvironment: thymic epithelium contains specific keratins associated with early and late stages of epidermal keratinocyte maturation. 
  • The human thymus during aging. 
  • The human thymus. A chimeric organ comprised of central and peripheral lymphoid components. 
  • The human thymus. A chimeric organ comprised of central and peripheral lymphoid components. 
  • The immune system in aging: roles of cytokines, T cells and NK cells. 
  • The importance of LAT in the activation, homeostasis, and regulatory function of T cells. 
  • The importance of Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons sterile-alpha motif domain in thymic selection and T-cell activation. 
  • The importance of three membrane-distal tyrosines in the adaptor protein NTAL/LAB. 
  • The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes. 
  • The order and logic of CD4 versus CD8 lineage choice and differentiation in mouse thymus. 
  • The prolactin receptor in the fetal rat: cellular localization of messenger ribonucleic acid, immunoreactive protein, and ligand-binding activity and induction of expression in late gestation. 
  • The right place at the wrong time: historical perspective of the relation of the thymus gland and pediatric radiology. 
  • The role of adhesion molecules in epithelial-T-cell interactions in thymus and skin. 
  • The role of apoptosis in the development and function of T lymphocytes. 
  • The role of bone marrow and thymic elements in the initiation and spread of virus production in the AKR thymus. 
  • The role of orphan nuclear receptor in thymocyte differentiation and lymphoid organ development. 
  • The role of the LAT-PLC-gamma1 interaction in T regulatory cell function. 
  • The role of the thymic microenvironment in promotion of early stages of human T cell maturation. 
  • The role of the thymus in immune reconstitution in aging, bone marrow transplantation, and HIV-1 infection. 
  • The thymic microenvironment. Characterization of in vitro differentiation of the IT26R21 rat thymic epithelial cell line. 
  • The thymus as an inductive site for T lymphopoiesis. 
  • The use of enzyme therapy to regulate the metabolic and phenotypic consequences of adenosine deaminase deficiency in mice. Differential impact on pulmonary and immunologic abnormalities. 
  • Thymic Epithelial Cell-Derived IL-15 and IL-15 Receptor α Chain Foster Local Environment for Type 1 Innate Like T Cell Development. 
  • Thymic Epithelial Cells Contribute to Thymopoiesis and T Cell Development. 
  • Thymic epithelial defects and predisposition to autoimmune disease in BB rats. 
  • Thymic expression of the transcription factor Nur77 rescues the T cell but not the B cell abnormality of gld/gld mice. 
  • Thymic function after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency. 
  • Thymic function, aging, and AIDS. 
  • Thymic hyperplasia after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation: incidence and significance in patients with breast cancer. 
  • Thymic microenvironment induces HIV expression. Physiologic secretion of IL-6 by thymic epithelial cells up-regulates virus expression in chronically infected cells. 
  • Thymic microenvironment reconstitution after postnatal human thymus transplantation. 
  • Thymic model for examining BRCA2 expression and function. 
  • Thymic output markers indicate immune dysfunction in DiGeorge syndrome. 
  • Thymic output, T-cell diversity, and T-cell function in long-term human SCID chimeras. 
  • Thymic requirement for cyclical idiotypic and reciprocal anti-idiotypic immune responses to a T-independent antigen. 
  • Thymic transplantation for complete DiGeorge syndrome: medical and surgical considerations. 
  • Thymocyte LFA-1 and thymic epithelial cell ICAM-1 molecules mediate binding of activated human thymocytes to thymic epithelial cells. 
  • Thymocyte binding to human thymic epithelial cells is inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to CD-2 and LFA-3 antigens. 
  • Thymocytes and cultured thymic epithelial cells express transcripts encoding alpha-3, alpha-5 and beta-4 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: preferential transcription of the alpha-3 and beta-4 genes by immature CD4 + 8 + thymocytes. 
  • Thymocytes and cultured thymic epithelial cells express transcripts encoding alpha-3, alpha-5, and beta-4 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Preferential transcription of the alpha-3 and beta-4 genes by immature CD4+8+ thymocytes and evidence for response to nicotine in thymocytes. 
  • Thymoma: lymphoid and epithelial components mirror the phenotype of normal thymus. 
  • Thymopoiesis in HIV-infected adults after highly active antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Thymus transplantation after allogeneic bone marrow graft to prevent chronic graft-versus-host disease in humans. 
  • Thymus transplantation for complete DiGeorge syndrome: European experience. 
  • Thymus transplantation in complete DiGeorge anomaly. 
  • Thymus transplantation in complete DiGeorge syndrome: immunologic and safety evaluations in 12 patients. 
  • Thymus transplantation. 
  • Thyroid carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE): case report with cytomorphology and review of the literature. 
  • Tolerance mechanisms and recent progress. 
  • Transferrin is required for early T-cell differentiation. 
  • Transplantation of thymus tissue in complete DiGeorge syndrome. 
  • Turning T-cell receptor beta recombination on and off: more questions than answers. 
  • Unexpected role of clathrin adaptor AP-1 in MHC-dependent positive selection of T cells. 
  • Upregulation of CD4 expression during MHC class II-specific positive selection is essential for error-free lineage choice. 
  • Use of allograft biopsies to assess thymopoiesis after thymus transplantation. 
  • Use of thymic grafts or thymic factors to augment immunologic recovery after bone marrow transplantation: brief report with 2 to 12 years' follow-up. 
  • VH gene analysis of spontaneously activated B cells in adult MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J558 bias is not limited to classic lupus autoantibodies. 
  • Water movement during apoptosis: a role for aquaporins in the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). 
  • XVIII. Effective treatment of AKR leukemia with antibody to gp7 1 eliminates the neonatal burst of ecotropic AKR virus producing cells. 
  • mTORC1 in Thymic Epithelial Cells Is Critical for Thymopoiesis, T-Cell Generation, and Temporal Control of γδT17 Development and TCRγ/δ Recombination. 
  • mTORC2 in Thymic Epithelial Cells Controls Thymopoiesis and T Cell Development. 
  • miR-181a is an intrinsic modulator of T cell sensitivity and selection. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bradford, William Dalton, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Buckley, Rebecca Hatcher, James Buren Sidbury Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, in the School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology
  • Chen, Jun, Professor of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Ciofani, Maria, Associate Professor of Integrative Immunobiology, Cell Biology
  • Ferrari, Guido, Professor in Surgery, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
  • Krangel, Michael S., George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Immunology, Integrative Immunobiology
  • Markert, Mary Louise, Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology
  • Patz Jr., Edward F., James and Alice Chen Distinguished Professor of Radiology, Pathology
  • Pitt, Geoffrey Stuart, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology