Visual Pathways

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Computational Model of Direction Selectivity in Macaque V1 Cortex Based on Dynamic Differences between On and Off Pathways. 
  • A cortical circuit for gain control by behavioral state. 
  • A model of visually-guided smooth pursuit eye movements based on behavioral observations. 
  • A morphological basis for orientation tuning in primary visual cortex. 
  • A polyaxonal amacrine cell population in the primate retina. 
  • Abnormal visual pathways in human albinos studied with visually evoked potentials. 
  • Activity-dependent PSA expression regulates inhibitory maturation and onset of critical period plasticity. 
  • Advances in color science: from retina to behavior. 
  • Afferent delays and the mislocalization of perisaccadic stimuli. 
  • Aging and attentional guidance during visual search: functional neuroanatomy by positron emission tomography. 
  • Altered cortical visual processing in PD with hallucinations: an fMRI study. 
  • Analysis of a naturally occurring asymmetry in vertical smooth pursuit eye movements in a monkey. 
  • Analysis of pathways mediating preserved vision after striate cortex lesions. 
  • Anterograde degeneration study of the cortical projections of the lateral geniculate and pulvinar nuclei in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). 
  • Anterograde degeneration study of the superior colliculus in Tupaia glis: evidence for a subdivision between superficial and deep layers. 
  • Brain circuits for the internal monitoring of movements. 
  • Circuits for presaccadic visual remapping. 
  • Comparison of proteins transported in different tracts of the central nervous system. 
  • Composition and topographic organization of signals sent from the frontal eye field to the superior colliculus. 
  • Connections of the visual cortex in the hedgehog (Paraechinus hypomelas). I. Thalamocortical projections. 
  • Connexin 36 and rod bipolar cell independent rod pathways drive retinal ganglion cells and optokinetic reflexes. 
  • Consistent mapping of orientation preference across irregular functional domains in ferret visual cortex. 
  • Constraints on the source of short-term motion adaptation in macaque area MT. I. the role of input and intrinsic mechanisms. 
  • Constraints on the source of short-term motion adaptation in macaque area MT. II. tuning of neural circuit mechanisms. 
  • Control of the gain of visual-motor transmission occurs in visual coordinates for smooth pursuit eye movements. 
  • Correlated firing among major ganglion cell types in primate retina. 
  • Cortical Neuroprosthesis Merges Visible and Invisible Light Without Impairing Native Sensory Function. 
  • Cortical Overlap and Cortical-Hippocampal Interactions Predict Subsequent True and False Memory. 
  • Cortico-cortical projections in mouse visual cortex are functionally target specific. 
  • Delayed striate cortical activation during spatial attention. 
  • Delayed visual maturation associated with auditory neuropathy/dyssynchrony. 
  • Detection of tracking errors by visual climbing fiber inputs to monkey cerebellar flocculus during pursuit eye movements. 
  • Development and neural bases of face recognition in autism. 
  • Discharge properties of MST neurons that project to the frontal pursuit area in macaque monkeys. 
  • Distinct recruitment of feedforward and recurrent pathways across higher-order areas of mouse visual cortex. 
  • Distribution and morphology of area 17 neurons that project to the cat's extrastriate cortex. 
  • Distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the geniculo striate system of Galago senegalensis and Aotus trivirgatus: evidence for the origin of the reaction product in the lateral geniculate body. 
  • Division of labor in frontal eye field neurons during presaccadic remapping of visual receptive fields. 
  • Drivers from the deep: the contribution of collicular input to thalamocortical processing. 
  • Early complement genes are associated with visual system degeneration in multiple sclerosis. 
  • Effect of changing feedback delay on spontaneous oscillations in smooth pursuit eye movements of monkeys. 
  • Electrophysiological correlates of lateral interactions in human visual cortex. 
  • Emergent properties of layer 2/3 neurons reflect the collinear arrangement of horizontal connections in tree shrew visual cortex. 
  • Evidence for separate pathways within the tecto-geniculate projection in the tree shrew. 
  • Evolution of the primate visual system: anterograde degeneration studies of the tecto-pulvinar system. 
  • Evolution of visually guided behavior in artificial agents. 
  • Excitatory and inhibitory circuitry in the superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus. 
  • Expectation (and attention) in visual cognition. 
  • Expectation and surprise determine neural population responses in the ventral visual stream. 
  • Explaining neural signals in human visual cortex with an associative learning model. 
  • Eye position affects activity in primary auditory cortex of primates. 
  • Feature article: the structure and function of dynamic cortical and thalamic receptive fields. 
  • Following directions from the retina to the brain. 
  • Form-from-motion: MEG evidence for time course and processing sequence. 
  • Frontal eye field neurons orthodromically activated from the superior colliculus. 
  • Frontal eye field neurons with spatial representations predicted by their subcortical input. 
  • Frontoparietal activation during visual conjunction search: Effects of bottom-up guidance and adult age. 
  • Functional organization of visual cortex in the prosimian bush baby revealed by optical imaging of intrinsic signals. 
  • Functional specialization of mouse higher visual cortical areas. 
  • Functional specificity of callosal connections in tree shrew striate cortex. 
  • GAD67-mediated GABA synthesis and signaling regulate inhibitory synaptic innervation in the visual cortex. 
  • Gain modulation by nicotine in macaque v1. 
  • Gamma synchrony predicts neuron-neuron correlations and correlations with motor behavior in extrastriate visual area MT. 
  • Genetic dissection of rod and cone pathways in the dark-adapted mouse retina. 
  • Geniculocalcarine hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging associated with visual hallucinations in the elderly. 
  • Hemispheric asymmetry of sulcus-function correspondence: quantization and developmental implications. 
  • High-fidelity optical excitation of cortico-cortical projections at physiological frequencies. 
  • High-sensitivity rod photoreceptor input to the blue-yellow color opponent pathway in macaque retina. 
  • Higher-Order Areas of the Mouse Visual Cortex. 
  • Identification of a Retinal Circuit for Recurrent Suppression Using Indirect Electrical Imaging. 
  • In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde Transport in Visual System After Excitotoxic Retinal Injury With Multimodal MRI and OCT. 
  • In vitro properties of neurons in the rat pretectal nucleus of the optic tract. 
  • Increased spontaneous unit activity and appearance of spontaneous negative potentials in the goldfish tectum during refinement of the optic projection. 
  • Information processing in the primate retina: circuitry and coding. 
  • Initial tracking conditions modulate the gain of visuo-motor transmission for smooth pursuit eye movements in monkeys. 
  • Instructive signals for motor learning from visual cortical area MT. 
  • Interlaminar connections of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew. II: Projections from the superficial gray to the optic layer. 
  • Interlaminar connections of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew. III: The optic layer. 
  • Laminar origin of projections from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew, Tupaia glis. 
  • Long-term regulation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in hippocampal cultures by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 
  • Maps of central visual space in ferret V1 and V2 lack matching inputs from the two eyes. 
  • Mistaking a house for a face: neural correlates of misperception in healthy humans. 
  • Modulatory compartments in cortex and local regulation of cholinergic tone. 
  • Morphology of retinogeniculate axons in the macaque. 
  • Mouse Higher Visual Areas Provide Both Distributed and Specialized Contributions to Visually Guided Behaviors. 
  • Mouse primary visual cortex is used to detect both orientation and contrast changes. 
  • Neural Circuits Underlying Visually Evoked Escapes in Larval Zebrafish. 
  • Neural substrate of modified and unmodified pathways for learning in monkey vestibuloocular reflex. 
  • Neuro-ophthalmology Safer Than MRI? 
  • Neuromodulatory Control of Early Visual Processing in Macaque. 
  • Novel Regulatory Mechanisms for the SoxC Transcriptional Network Required for Visual Pathway Development. 
  • Object shape processing in the visual system evaluated using functional MRI. 
  • Optical mapping of translucence changes in rat hippocampal slices during hypoxia. 
  • Orientation Selectivity from Very Sparse LGN Inputs in a Comprehensive Model of Macaque V1 Cortex. 
  • Orientation selectivity and the arrangement of horizontal connections in tree shrew striate cortex. 
  • Orthogonal micro-organization of orientation and spatial frequency in primate primary visual cortex. 
  • Parallels in the visual afferent projections of the thalamus in the hedgehog (Paraechinus hypomelas) and the turtle (Pseudemys scripta). 
  • Pathway-Specific Asymmetries between ON and OFF Visual Signals. 
  • Perceiving the intensity of light. 
  • Perceptual integration rapidly activates dorsal visual pathway to guide local processing in early visual areas. 
  • Phosducin regulates transmission at the photoreceptor-to-ON-bipolar cell synapse. 
  • Rapid and Direct Encoding of Numerosity in the Visual Stream. 
  • Rapid modulation of sensory processing induced by stimulus conflict. 
  • Receptive fields in primate retina are coordinated to sample visual space more uniformly. 
  • Reciprocal connections between the zona incerta and the pretectum and superior colliculus of the cat. 
  • Recovery of function after brain damage: facilitation by the calcium entry blocker nimodipine. 
  • Relationship between extraretinal component of firing rate and eye speed in area MST of macaque monkeys. 
  • Representation of perceptually invisible image motion in extrastriate visual area MT of macaque monkeys. 
  • Response features of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons suggest precise roles for subtypes of inhibition in visual cortex. 
  • Responses of neurons in the medial superior temporal visual area to apparent motion stimuli in macaque monkeys. 
  • Retinal and Callosal Activity-Dependent Chandelier Cell Elimination Shapes Binocularity in Primary Visual Cortex. 
  • Retinal ganglion cell analysis using high-definition optical coherence tomography in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Retinal ganglion cells with distinct directional preferences differ in molecular identity, structure, and central projections. 
  • Retinal representation of the elementary visual signal. 
  • Revisiting the backward masking deficit in schizophrenia: individual differences in performance and modeling with transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
  • Scene statistics and noise determine the relative arrangement of receptive field mosaics. 
  • Seeing sounds: visual and auditory interactions in the brain. 
  • Serial linkage of target selection for orienting and tracking eye movements. 
  • Shifts in the population response in the middle temporal visual area parallel perceptual and motor illusions produced by apparent motion. 
  • Spatial and temporal scales of neuronal correlation in visual area V4. 
  • Spatial properties and functional organization of small bistratified ganglion cells in primate retina. 
  • Specificity in the axonal connections of layer VI neurons in tree shrew striate cortex: evidence for distinct granular and supragranular systems. 
  • Structure and function of dual-source cholinergic modulation in early vision. 
  • Terminal arbors of individual, physiologically identified geniculocortical axons in the tree shrew's striate cortex. 
  • Thalamic relay of spontaneous retinal activity prior to vision. 
  • The "error" signals subserving adaptive gain control in the primate vestibulo-ocular reflex. 
  • The contribution of vertical and horizontal connections to the receptive field center and surround in V1. 
  • The development of direction selectivity in ferret visual cortex requires early visual experience. 
  • The distribution of oriented contours in the real world. 
  • The functional organization of local circuits in visual cortex: insights from the study of tree shrew striate cortex. 
  • The neural circuitry underlying the executive control of auditory spatial attention. 
  • The neural representation of speed in macaque area MT/V5. 
  • The normal organization of the lateral posterior nucleus in the golden hamster and its reorganization after neonatal superior colliculus lesions. 
  • The normal organization of the lateral posterior nucleus of the golden hamster. 
  • The organization of afferents to the lateral posterior nucleus in the golden hamster after different combinations of neonatal lesions. 
  • The organization of the lateral posterior nucleus in neonatal golden hamsters. 
  • The organization of the lateral posterior nucleus of the golden hamster after neonatal superior colliculus lesions. 
  • The organization of the pulvinar in the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). I. Cytoarchitecture and connections. 
  • The organization of the pulvinar in the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). II. Synaptic organization and comparisons with the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. 
  • The phosphorylated isoform of microtubule associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is expressed in the visual system of the tench (Tinca tinca, L) during optic nerve regeneration. 
  • The projection of the superior colliculus upon the lateral geniculate body in Tupaia glis and Galago senegalensis. 
  • The pulvinar nucleus of Galago senegalensis. 
  • The representation of S-cone signals in primary visual cortex. 
  • The role of spatiotemporal edges in visibility and visual masking. 
  • The sources of the nigrotectal pathway. 
  • The structure of large-scale synchronized firing in primate retina. 
  • The sublaminar organization of corticogeniculate neurons in layer 6 of macaque striate cortex. 
  • The transneuronal transport of horseradish peroxidase in the visual system of the frog, Rana pipiens. 
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation differentially affects speed and direction judgments. 
  • Transformation of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma to anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma in patients with neurofibromatosis type I. 
  • Unique Spatial Integration in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex and Higher Visual Areas. 
  • Unmasking motion-processing activity in human brain area V5/MT+ mediated by pathways that bypass primary visual cortex. 
  • Vision and cortical map development. 
  • Visual Prediction Error Spreads Across Object Features in Human Visual Cortex. 
  • Visual Signals in the Mammalian Auditory System. 
  • Visual circuits get the VIP treatment. 
  • Visual cortex in a reptile, the turtle (Pseudemys scripta and Chrysemys picta). 
  • Visual experience promotes the isotropic representation of orientation preference. 
  • Visual guidance of smooth-pursuit eye movements: sensation, action, and what happens in between. 
  • Visual motion analysis for pursuit eye movements in area MT of macaque monkeys. 
  • Visual pathways to the telencephalon in reptiles and mammals. 
  • Visual perception and corollary discharge. 
  • Visual responses of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements in monkeys. I. Simple spikes. 
  • Visual responses of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements in monkeys. II. Complex spikes. 
  • What the brain stem tells the frontal cortex. I. Oculomotor signals sent from superior colliculus to frontal eye field via mediodorsal thalamus. 
  • What the brain stem tells the frontal cortex. II. Role of the SC-MD-FEF pathway in corollary discharge. 
  • cGMP binding sites on photoreceptor phosphodiesterase: role in feedback regulation of visual transduction. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Groh, Jennifer M., Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Johnson, Elizabeth, Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Neurobiology, Neurobiology
  • Schmehl, Meredith, Student, Neurobiology
  • Turkington, Timothy Garvey, Associate Professor in Radiology, Radiology
  • White, Leonard Edward, Associate Professor in Neurology, Psychology & Neuroscience
  • Woldorff, Marty G., Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Science & Society