Water

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Oxygenated" water and athletic performance. 
  • 17beta-Estradiol inhibits Ca2+-dependent homeostasis of airway surface liquid volume in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. 
  • 1H MRI phase thermometry in vivo in canine brain, muscle, and tumor tissue. 
  • 2.2 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of β-galactosidase in complex with a cell-permeant inhibitor. 
  • A Monte Carlo simulation framework for electron beam dose calculations using Varian phase space files for TrueBeam Linacs. 
  • A beta-lactam inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2 which acts in a competitive, reversible manner at the lipid/water interface. 
  • A broad survey of hydraulic and mechanical safety in the xylem of conifers. 
  • A comment on the water permeability through planar lipid bilayers. 
  • A cord blood transplant recipient with Mycobacterium mucogenicum central venous catheter infection after infusion of tap water. 
  • A dynamic yet vulnerable pipeline: Integration and coordination of hydraulic traits across whole plants. 
  • A heterogeneous human tissue mimicking phantom for RF heating and MRI thermal monitoring verification. 
  • A network model links wood anatomy to xylem tissue hydraulic behaviour and vulnerability to cavitation. 
  • A radiologic sign of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. 
  • A round-robin gamma stereotactic radiosurgery dosimetry interinstitution comparison of calibration protocols. 
  • A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies. 
  • A state-space modeling approach to estimating canopy conductance and associated uncertainties from sap flux density data. 
  • A synthesis of the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment on plant hydraulics: implications for whole-plant water use efficiency and resistance to drought. 
  • A theoretical study of inertial cavitation from acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and implications for the mechanical index. 
  • A thermal monitoring sheet with low influence from adjacent waterbolus for tissue surface thermometry during clinical hyperthermia. 
  • Ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical simulation of electron transfer process: fractional electron approach. 
  • Abnormal water metabolism in mice lacking the type 1A receptor for ANG II. 
  • Accelerated wound healing by injectable star poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) scaffolds loaded with poorly water-soluble drugs. 
  • Accurate temperature imaging based on intermolecular coherences in magnetic resonance. 
  • Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for water and sanitation in Indonesia - Results from a five-year (2013-2017) large-scale effectiveness evaluation. 
  • Actual and potential transpiration and carbon assimilation in an irrigated poplar plantation 
  • Adjustments in hydraulic architecture of Pinus palustris maintain similar stomatal conductance in xeric and mesic habitats. 
  • Adrenal cortical regulation of the distribution of water and electrolytes in the human body. 
  • Adrenomedullin improves fertility and promotes pinopodes and cell junctions in the peri-implantation endometrium. 
  • Age- and position-related changes in hydraulic versus mechanical dysfunction of xylem: inferring the design criteria for Douglas-fir wood structure. 
  • Agonist-induced coordinated trafficking of functionally related transport proteins for water and ions in cholangiocytes. 
  • Air kerma based dosimetry calibration for the Leksell Gamma Knife. 
  • Amount or pattern? Grassland responses to the heterogeneity and availability of two key resources. 
  • An epigenetic pathway in rice connects genetic variation to anaerobic germination and seedling establishment. 
  • An extension of the sign test for replicated measurements. 
  • An investigation into the dosimetry of a nine-field tomotherapy irradiation using BANG-gel dosimetry. 
  • Analytic gradients, geometry optimization and excited state potential energy surfaces from the particle-particle random phase approximation. 
  • Analyzing trends in ballasting behavior of vessels arriving to the United States from 2004 to 2017. 
  • Anatomical changes with needle length are correlated with leaf structural and physiological traits across five Pinus species. 
  • Antennal hair erection in male mosquitoes: a new mechanical effector in insects. 
  • Application of the Target Lipid Model to Assess Toxicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds to Aquatic Organisms. 
  • Aquagenic wrinkling: a unique facial presentation. 
  • Aquaporin-1 channels in human retinal pigment epithelium: role in transepithelial water movement. 
  • Aquaporin-mediated changes in hydraulic conductivity of deep tree roots accessed via caves. 
  • Aquaporins and ion conductance. 
  • Aquaporins in Saccharomyces. Genetic and functional distinctions between laboratory and wild-type strains. 
  • Aquaporins, and not changes in root structure, provide new insights into physiological responses to drought, flooding, and salinity. 
  • Aqueous self-assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) copolymers: disparate diblock copolymer compositions give rise to nano- and meso-scale bilayered vesicles. 
  • Area per molecule and distribution of water in fully hydrated dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine bilayers. 
  • Aridity drove the evolution of extreme embolism resistance and the radiation of conifer genus Callitris. 
  • Arterial gas embolism breathing compressed air in 1.2 metres of water. 
  • Assessment of choroidal thickness and volume during the water drinking test by swept-source optical coherence tomography. 
  • BEAMing: single-molecule PCR on microparticles in water-in-oil emulsions. 
  • Bacteria establish an aqueous living space in plants crucial for virulence. 
  • Bimatoprost. 
  • Bioaccumulation and speciation of selenium in fish and insects collected from a mountaintop removal coal mining-impacted stream in West Virginia. 
  • Bioaccumulation of Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Mice Dosed with an Aqueous Film-Forming Foam. 
  • Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129Xe. 
  • Biotic and abiotic factors act in coordination to amplify hydraulic redistribution and lift. 
  • Blood-to-brain glucose transport, cerebral glucose metabolism, and cerebral blood flow are not increased after hypoglycemia. 
  • CO₂ enrichment and soil type additively regulate grassland productivity. 
  • Calibration of methylene-referenced lipid-dissolved xenon frequency for absolute MR temperature measurements. 
  • Calmodulin structure refined at 1.7 A resolution. 
  • Can Dissipative Properties of Single Molecules Be Extracted from a Force Spectroscopy Experiment? 
  • Can Realistic Liver Tissue Surrogates Accurately Quantify the Impact of Reduced-kV Imaging on Attenuation and Contrast of Parenchyma and Lesions? 
  • Capturing in-field root system dynamics with RootTracker. 
  • Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange in a warm temperate grassland. 
  • Catastrophic hydraulic failure and tipping points in plants. 
  • Cavitation Plays a Vital Role in Stone Dusting During Short Pulse Holmium:YAG Laser Lithotripsy. 
  • Cell biology and physiology of the uroepithelium. 
  • Characterization of Fe(III) sequestration by an analog of the cytotoxic siderophore brasilibactin A: implications for the iron transport mechanism in mycobacteria. 
  • Characterization of a Radical SAM Oxygenase for the Ether Crosslinking in Darobactin Biosynthesis. 
  • Characterization of restricted diffusion in uni- and multi-lamellar vesicles using short distance iMQCs. 
  • Characterization of the aqueous iron(III) chelation chemistry of a potential Trojan Horse antimicrobial agent: chelate structure, stability and pH dependent speciation. 
  • Characterizing aqueous solution conformations of a peptide backbone with theoretical analysis of the Raman optical activity spectra 
  • Charge transfer in dynamical biosystems, or the treachery of (static) images. 
  • Chemistry of surface water, precipitation, throughfall, leaves, sediment, soil, and air near a gold mining region in Peru. 
  • Choice of vehicle affects pyraclostrobin toxicity in mice. 
  • Chromatographic separation of germanium and arsenic for the production of high purity (77)As. 
  • City-scale analysis of water-related energy identifies more cost-effective solutions. 
  • Classification of dispersive gunshot calls using a convolutional neural network. 
  • Clinical implementation of AAPM TG61 protocol for kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry. 
  • Cloning of an aquaporin homologue present in water channel containing endosomes of toad urinary bladder. 
  • Co-occurring woody species have diverse hydraulic strategies and mortality rates during an extreme drought. 
  • Cold Water Pressor Test Differentially Modulates Functional Network Connectivity in Fibromyalgia Patients Compared with Healthy Controls. 
  • Cold Water, Hard Swim, Shortness of Breath: How to Assess? 
  • Combined effects of short term rainfall patterns and soil texture on soil nitrogen cycling - a modeling analysis. 
  • Combining model results and monitoring data for water quality assessment. 
  • Comparative Persistence of Engineered Nanoparticles in a Complex Aquatic Ecosystem. 
  • Comparative hydraulic architecture of tropical tree species representing a range of successional stages and wood density. 
  • Comparative study on the pretreatment of algae-laden water by UV/persulfate, UV/chlorine, and UV/H₂ O₂ : Variation of characteristics and alleviation of ultrafiltration membrane fouling. 
  • Comparing Water Absorption of Food and Drug Administration-Approved Hyaluronic Acid Fillers. 
  • Comparison of patient size-based methods for estimating quantum noise in CT images of the lung. 
  • Compartmentalization of cAMP-dependent signaling by phosphodiesterase-4D is involved in the regulation of vasopressin-mediated water reabsorption in renal principal cells. 
  • Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change. 
  • Comprehensive analysis of the Cramer-Rao bounds for magnetic resonance temperature change measurement in fat-water voxels using multi-echo imaging. 
  • Computational study on the relative acidity of acetic acid by the qm/mm method combined with the theory of energy representation 
  • Concerted O atom-proton transfer in the O-O bond forming step in water oxidation. 
  • Conformationally averaged score functions for electronic propagation in proteins. 
  • Consequences of (129)Xe-(1)H cross relaxation in aqueous solutions. 
  • Consequences of water between two hydrophobic surfaces on adhesion and wetting. 
  • Consistent simulations of multiple proxy responses to an abrupt climate change event. 
  • Constraints on physiological function associated with branch architecture and wood density in tropical forest trees. 
  • Consumption of biogenic nitric oxide in hydrated soil. 
  • Continuously infusing hyperpolarized 129Xe into flowing aqueous solutions using hydrophobic gas exchange membranes. 
  • Contrasting hydraulic architecture and function in deep and shallow roots of tree species from a semi-arid habitat. 
  • Contrasting hydraulic strategies in two tropical lianas and their host trees. 
  • Contributions of hydration and steric (entropic) pressures to the interactions between phosphatidylcholine bilayers: experiments with the subgel phase. 
  • Control of the orientational order and nonlinear optical response of the "push-pull" chromophore RuPZn via specific incorporation into densely packed monolayer ensembles of an amphiphilic four-helix bundle peptide: characterization of the peptide-chromophore complexes. 
  • Controlled release of ethacrynic acid from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) films for glaucoma treatment. 
  • Coordination of leaf and stem water transport properties in tropical forest trees. 
  • Copper as a robust and transparent electrocatalyst for water oxidation. 
  • Correlates of Water-Based Lubricant Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Blantyre, Malawi. 
  • Correlations between water-soluble organic aerosol and water vapor: a synergistic effect from biogenic emissions? 
  • Coupling of ecosystem-scale plant water storage and leaf phenology observed by satellite. 
  • Cryo-electron microscopy of biological samples. 
  • Cryptic and conspicuous coloration in the pelagic environment. 
  • Crystal structure of the human LRH-1 DBD-DNA complex reveals Ftz-F1 domain positioning is required for receptor activity. 
  • Crystal structures of Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase reveal a novel catalytic mechanism and prodrug binding. 
  • Crystal structures of Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase reveal a novel catalytic mechanism and prodrug binding. 
  • Cyanobacterial Blooms Are Not a Result of Positive Selection by Freshwater Eutrophication. 
  • Decoupling the influence of leaf and root hydraulic conductances on stomatal conductance and its sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit as soil dries in a drained loblolly pine plantation. 
  • Decreased aquaporin expression leads to increased resistance to apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. 
  • Depth of water penetration into lipid bilayers. 
  • Design and evaluation of a new, low pressure loss, implantable artificial lung. 
  • Detection, characterization, and abundance of engineered nanoparticles in complex waters by hyperspectral imagery with enhanced Darkfield microscopy. 
  • Determination of residual manganese in Mn porphyrin-based superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxynitrite reductase mimics. 
  • Deterministic droplet coding via acoustofluidics. 
  • Development of a 3-body:many-body integrated fragmentation method for weakly bound clusters and application to water clusters (H2O)(n = 3-10, 16, 17). 
  • Development of a novel method for measuring in vivo breast epithelial cell proliferation in humans. 
  • Dietary energy requirements of young adult men, determined by using the doubly labeled water method. 
  • Different structural changes occur in blue- and green-proteorhodopsins during the primary photoreaction. 
  • Differential adaptation to a harsh granite outcrop habitat between sympatric Mimulus species. 
  • Differential coordination demands in Fe versus Mn water-soluble cationic metalloporphyrins translate into remarkably different aqueous redox chemistry and biology. 
  • Differential responses of Picea asperata and Betula albosinensis to nitrogen supply imposed by water availability. 
  • Direct Hyperpolarization of Nitrogen-15 in Aqueous Media with Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange. 
  • Direct detection of the formation of V-amylose helix by single molecule force spectroscopy. 
  • Discovery of 40 Classes of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Historical Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs) and AFFF-Impacted Groundwater. 
  • Discovery of the aquaporins and development of the field. 
  • Disruption of dystroglycan-laminin interactions modulates water uptake by astrocytes. 
  • Distinct neural ensembles in the rat gustatory cortex encode salt and water tastes. 
  • Diurnal and seasonal variation in root xylem embolism in neotropical savanna woody species: impact on stomatal control of plant water status. 
  • Does homeostasis or disturbance of homeostasis in minimum leaf water potential explain the isohydric versus anisohydric behavior of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars? 
  • Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes. 
  • Dynamic variation in sapwood specific conductivity in six woody species. 
  • Dynamics of water transport and storage in conifers studied with deuterium and heat tracing techniques. 
  • Ecophysiological impacts of Esca, a devastating grapevine trunk disease, on Vitis vinifera L. 
  • Ecosystem-based management for military training, biodiversity, carbon storage and climate resiliency on a complex coastal land/water-scape. 
  • Effect of AQP1 expression level on Co(2) permeability in bovine corneal endothelium. 
  • Effect of fasting and feeding on measurement of carbon dioxide production using doubly labeled water. 
  • Effect of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate concentration on network properties and in vivo response of poly(β-amino ester) networks. 
  • Effect of vertical sleeve gastrectomy on food selection and satiation in rats. 
  • Effects of acid-stress on epidermal mucous cells of the brown bullhead Ictalurus nebulosus (LeSeur): a morphometric study. 
  • Effects of colchicine and cytochalasin B on hypertonicity-induced changes in toad urinary bladder. 
  • Effects of head and body cooling on hemodynamics during immersed prone exercise at 1 ATA. 
  • Effects of humic acid and electrolytes on photocatalytic reactivity and transport of carbon nanoparticle aggregates in water. 
  • Effects of humic substances on precipitation and aggregation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles 
  • Effects of hydraulic architecture and spatial variation in light on mean stomatal conductance of tree branches and crowns. 
  • Effects of kaliuretic peptide on sodium and water excretion in persons with congestive heart failure. 
  • Effects of nutrition and soil water availability on water use in a Norway spruce stand. 
  • Effects of surface type and relative humidity on the production and concentration of nitrous acid in a model indoor environment. 
  • Elastic properties of single amylose chains in water: a quantum mechanical and AFM study. 
  • Elasticity, strength, and water permeability of bilayers that contain raft microdomain-forming lipids. 
  • Electrochemical Transformations of Perfluoroalkyl Acid (PFAA) Precursors and PFAAs in Groundwater Impacted with Aqueous Film Forming Foams. 
  • Electrophoretically induced aqueous flow through single-walled carbon nanotube membranes. 
  • Elevated growth temperatures alter hydraulic characteristics in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings: implications for tree drought tolerance. 
  • Emission-tunable microwave synthesis of highly luminescent water soluble CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. 
  • Employee exposure to (222)Rn and (220)Rn in three fish culture stations in Pennsylvania. 
  • Enthalpic signature of methonium desolvation revealed in a synthetic host-guest system based on cucurbit[7]uril. 
  • Environment. Monitoring Earth's critical zone. 
  • Environmental Factors for Hearing Loss and Middle Ear Disease in Alaska Native Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Cluster Randomized Trial. 
  • Environmental aridity is associated with cytotype segregation and polyploidy occurrence in Brachypodium distachyon (Poaceae). 
  • Equilibrium and nonequilibrium phase transformations of quaternary solutions based on a physiologic support medium containing NaCl, dimethyl sulfoxide, and glycerol. 
  • Erbium:YAG (2.94 mum) laser effects on dental tissues. 
  • Estimating canopy gross primary production by combining phloem stable isotopes with canopy and mesophyll conductances. 
  • Estimating water user demand for certification of forest watershed services. 
  • Evaluating theories of drought-induced vegetation mortality using a multimodel-experiment framework. 
  • Evaluation of the effect of transcytolemmal water exchange analysis for therapeutic response assessment using DCE-MRI: a comparison study. 
  • Evaluation of the oxidation of organic compounds by aqueous suspensions of photosensitized hydroxylated-C60 fullerene aggregates. 
  • Evapotranspiration and water yield of a pine-broadleaf forest are not altered by long-term atmospheric [CO₂ ] enrichment under native or enhanced soil fertility. 
  • Evidence for Hydraulic Vulnerability Segmentation and Lack of Xylem Refilling under Tension. 
  • Evidence for distinct isotopic compositions of sap and tissue water in tree stems: consequences for plant water source identification. 
  • Evolutionarily conserved bacterial effectors hijack abscisic acid signaling to induce an aqueous environment in the apoplast. 
  • Exemptions for hookah bars in clean indoor air legislation: a public health concern. 
  • Expression profiling and local adaptation of Boechera holboellii populations for water use efficiency across a naturally occurring water stress gradient. 
  • Extraction and determination by gas chromatography of S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) in fish and water. 
  • Factors Associated with Water Service Continuity for the Rural Populations of Bangladesh, Pakistan, Ethiopia, and Mozambique. 
  • Fate of antidiuretic hormone water channel proteins after retrieval from apical membrane. 
  • Fertilization effects on mean stomatal conductance are mediated through changes in the hydraulic attributes of mature Norway spruce trees 
  • Flexible asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy and high power density in aqueous electrolytes. 
  • Flow patterns and heat convection in a rectangular water bolus for use in superficial hyperthermia. 
  • Flowering in grassland predicted by CO2 and resource effects on species aboveground biomass. 
  • Fluctuation-dissipation theorem in an aging colloidal glass. 
  • Focusing of shock waves induced by optical breakdown in water. 
  • Forest water use and water use efficiency at elevated CO2 : a model-data intercomparison at two contrasting temperate forest FACE sites. 
  • Formation of planar bilayer membranes from lipid monolayers. A critique. 
  • Formulation and Validation of a Functional Assay-Driven Model of Nanoparticle Aquatic Transport. 
  • Forskolin stimulation of water and cation permeability in aquaporin 1 water channels. 
  • Four-decade responses of soil trace elements to an aggrading old-field forest: B, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe. 
  • Fullerol cluster formation in aqueous solutions: implications for environmental release. 
  • Fullerol-sensitized production of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solution. 
  • Functional bionetworks from nanoliter water droplets. 
  • Functional coordination between leaf gas exchange and vulnerability to xylem cavitation in temperate forest trees. 
  • Functional reconstitution and characterization of AqpZ, the E. coli water channel protein. 
  • Galphaq-dependent signaling cascades stimulate water-seeking behavior. 
  • Generation of impossible cross-peaks between bulk water and biomolecules in solution NMR. 
  • Genetic variance and covariance for physiological traits in Lobelia: are there constraints on adaptive evolution? 
  • Gray matter abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder revealed by T2 relaxation. 
  • Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) infestation affects water and carbon relations of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana). 
  • Hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase: QM/MM calculations show the important role of the internal energy in ligand binding. 
  • High-pressure water injection injury: emergency presentation and management. 
  • Highly selective water channel activity measured by voltage clamp: analysis of planar lipid bilayers reconstituted with purified AqpZ. 
  • How do water transport and water storage differ in coniferous earlywood and latewood? 
  • How eco-evolutionary principles can guide tree breeding and tree biotechnology for enhanced productivity. 
  • Human Injury Criteria for Underwater Blasts. 
  • Hydration and conformational mechanics of single, end-tethered elastin-like polypeptides. 
  • Hydration and steric pressures between phospholipid bilayers. 
  • Hydration layer coupling and cooperativity in phase behavior of stimulus responsive peptide polymers. 
  • Hydration potential of lysozyme: protein dehydration using a single microparticle technique. 
  • Hydration properties of lamellar and non-lamellar phases of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. 
  • Hydraulic lift and tolerance to salinity of semiarid species: consequences for species interactions. 
  • Hydraulic limits on maximum plant transpiration and the emergence of the safety-efficiency trade-off. 
  • Hydraulic redistribution in a Douglas-fir forest: lessons from system manipulations. 
  • Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by roots affects whole-stand evapotranspiration and net ecosystem carbon exchange. 
  • Hydraulic redistribution of soil water in two old-growth coniferous forests: quantifying patterns and controls. 
  • Hydraulic time constants for transpiration of loblolly pine at a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment site 
  • Hydrologic Impacts of Municipal Wastewater Irrigation to a Temperate Forest Watershed. 
  • Hydrologic regulation of plant rooting depth. 
  • Ice as a water-equivalent solid medium for brachytherapy dosimetric measurements. 
  • Identifying at risk nursing home residents using a polydipsia screening tool 
  • Imaging microtubules and kinesin decorated microtubules using tapping mode atomic force microscopy in fluids. 
  • Impact of aggregate size and structure on the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. 
  • Impacts of climate change drivers on C4 grassland productivity: scaling driver effects through the plant community. 
  • Implementation of a Hydrotherapy Protocol to Improve Postpartum Pain Management. 
  • Improved speciation of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters: amide hydrolysis with fluorescence derivatization. 
  • Improving water quality assessments through a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of variability. 
  • In modern linacs monitor units should be defined in water at 10 cm depth rather than at dmax. 
  • In vivo measurement of proton diffusion in the presence of coherent motion. 
  • Increased hydraulic constraints in Eucalyptus plantations fertilized with potassium. 
  • Increasing atmospheric humidity and CO₂ concentration alleviate forest mortality risk. 
  • Increasing water use efficiency along the C3 to C4 evolutionary pathway: a stomatal optimization perspective. 
  • Influence of cholesterol on water penetration into bilayers. 
  • Influence of water hardening of the chorion on cadmium accumulation in medaka (Oryzias latipes) eggs. 
  • Inhibitory controls of ingestion in 6-day-old rat pups. 
  • Instability of myelin tubes under dehydration: deswelling of layered cylindrical structures. 
  • Integrated optical attenuated total reflection spectrometry of aqueous superstrates using prism-coupled polymer waveguides. 
  • Intention to smoke tobacco using a waterpipe among students in a southeastern U.S. College. 
  • Interaction between shock wave and single inertial bubbles near an elastic boundary 
  • Interactions of phospholipid bilayer with chitosan: effect of molecular weight and pH. 
  • Interactive effects of nocturnal transpiration and climate change on the root hydraulic redistribution and carbon and water budgets of southern United States pine plantations. 
  • Interclonal variation, coordination, and trade-offs between hydraulic conductance and gas exchange in Pinus radiata: consequences on plant growth and wood density. 
  • Interfacial hydration, dynamics and electron transfer: multi-scale ET modeling of the transient [myoglobin, cytochrome b5] complex. 
  • Interfacial phase transition of an environmentally responsive elastin biopolymer adsorbed on functionalized gold nanoparticles studied by colloidal surface plasmon resonance. 
  • Intraocular pressure fluctuations in response to the water-drinking provocative test in patients using latanoprost versus unoprostone. 
  • Ion channel function of aquaporin-1 natively expressed in choroid plexus. 
  • Is Food Irrigated with Oilfield-Produced Water in the California Central Valley Safe to Eat? A Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment Evaluating Trace Metals Exposure. 
  • Is the ABA concentration in the sap collected by pressurizing leaves relevant for analysing drought effects on stomata? Evidence from ABA-fed leaves of transgenic plants with modified capacities to synthesize ABA. 
  • Is there foul play in the leaf pocket? The metagenome of floating fern Azolla reveals endophytes that do not fix N2 but may denitrify 
  • Isolation and characterization of renal cortical membranes using an aqueous two-phase partition technique. 
  • Isomer-Selective Detection of Hydrogen-Bond Vibrations in the Protonated Water Hexamer 
  • Jumping to rafts: gatekeeper role of bilayer elasticity. 
  • Laser-induced heating in optical traps. 
  • Leaf-level gas-exchange uniformity and photosynthetic capacity among loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) genotypes of contrasting inherent genetic variation. 
  • Learning about Biomolecular Solvation from Water in Protein Crystals. 
  • Light might regulate divergently depside and depsidone accumulation in the lichen Parmotrema hypotropum by affecting thallus temperature and water potential. 
  • Linking carbon and water relations to drought-induced mortality in Pinus flexilis seedlings. 
  • Lipid bilayer and water proton magnetization transfer: effect of cholesterol. 
  • Lipid solubility modulates pH potentiation of local anesthetic block of Vmax reactivation in guinea pig myocardium. 
  • Lipid structures: a brief history of multisomes. 
  • Liquid water simulations with the density fragment interaction approach. 
  • Long-term changes in watershed nutrient inputs and riverine exports in the Neuse River, North Carolina. 
  • Long-term toughness of photopolymerizable (meth)acrylate networks in aqueous environments. 
  • Low carbohydrate diets in family practice: what can we learn from an internet-based support group. 
  • Low-Carbon Urban Water Systems: Opportunities beyond Water and Wastewater Utilities? 
  • Low-disturbance farming regenerates healthy deep soil toward sustainable agriculture - Evidence from long-term no-tillage with stover mulching in Mollisols. 
  • Lung function assessment in the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) while resting on land and submerged in water. 
  • Lymphomas and high-grade astrocytomas: comparison of water diffusibility and histologic characteristics. 
  • Macroecological patterns of genetic structure and diversity in the aquatic moss Platyhypnidium riparioides. 
  • Magnetic resonance microscopy of changes in water content in stems of transpiring plants. 
  • Magnetic resonance water proton relaxation in protein solutions and tissue: T(1rho) dispersion characterization. 
  • Manganese porphyrins and related compounds as mimics of superoxide dismutase. 
  • Mapping solvation heterogeneity in live cells by hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. 
  • Mass transfer in the dissolution of a multicomponent liquid droplet in an immiscible liquid environment. 
  • Maximizing leaf carbon gain in varying saline conditions: An optimization model with dynamic mesophyll conductance. 
  • Mean canopy stomatal conductance responses to water and nutrient availabilities in Picea abies and Pinus taeda. 
  • Measurements of a large anisotropy in the swelling of oriented DNA films in aqueous solution. 
  • Measuring morphological features using light-scattering spectroscopy and Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry. 
  • Mechanisms for minimizing height-related stomatal conductance declines in tall vines. 
  • Metabolism and thermoregulation during fasting in king penguins, Aptenodytes patagonicus, in air and water. 
  • Microdroplet dissolution into a second-phase solvent using a micropipet technique: test of the Epstein-Plesset model for an aniline-water system. 
  • Microglassification™: a novel technique for protein dehydration. 
  • Mobility of Four Common Mercury Species in Model and Natural Unsaturated Soils. 
  • Modifying the ‘pulse-reserve’ paradigm for deserts of North America: precipitation pulses, soil water and plant responses 
  • Modulation of poly(ethylene glycol)-induced fusion by membrane hydration: importance of interbilayer separation. 
  • Modulation of the binding of signal peptides to lipid bilayers by dipoles near the hydrocarbon-water interface. 
  • Modulation of vasopressin-elicited water transport by trafficking of aquaporin2-containing vesicles. 
  • Molecular description of the LCST behavior of an elastin-like polypeptide. 
  • Molecular umbrella-amphotericin B conjugates. 
  • N. plumbaginifolia zeaxanthin epoxidase transgenic lines have unaltered baseline ABA accumulations in roots and xylem sap, but contrasting sensitivities of ABA accumulation to water deficit. 
  • Nanomaterials as possible contaminants: the fullerene example. 
  • Nanoscopic Dynamics Dictate the Phase Separation Behavior of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. 
  • Native root xylem embolism and stomatal closure in stands of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine: mitigation by hydraulic redistribution. 
  • Natural variation for drought-response traits in the Mimulus guttatus species complex. 
  • Natural variation, differentiation, and genetic trade-offs of ecophysiological traits in response to water limitation in Brachypodium distachyon and its descendent allotetraploid B. hybridum (Poaceae). 
  • Neutron and X-ray diffraction structural analysis of phosphatidylinositol bilayers. 
  • New sensitive micro-measurements of dynamic surface tension and diffusion coefficients: Validated and tested for the adsorption of 1-Octanol at a microscopic air-water interface and its dissolution into water. 
  • New tobacco trends: waterpipe (hookah) smoking and implications for healthcare providers. 
  • Nitric oxide enhances salt secretion and Na+ sequestration in a mangrove plant, Avicennia marina, through increasing the expression of H+-ATPase and Na+/H+ antiporter under high salinity 
  • Noise in polymer gel measurements using MRI. 
  • Non-linear viscoelastic properties of cervical mucus. 
  • Noninvasive temperature mapping with MRI using chemical shift water-fat separation. 
  • OSCA1 mediates osmotic-stress-evoked Ca2+ increases vital for osmosensing in Arabidopsis. 
  • Off-the-shelf, heparinized small diameter vascular graft limits acute thrombogenicity in a porcine model. 
  • On the complementary relationship between marginal nitrogen and water-use efficiencies among Pinus taeda leaves grown under ambient and CO2-enriched environments. 
  • Optimal interval for hot water immersion tail-flick test in rats. 
  • Optimal rehydration of desiccated CO2 absorbents. 
  • Origins of the helical wrapping of phenyleneethynylene polymers about single-walled carbon nanotubes. 
  • Overhead tank is the potential breeding habitat of Anopheles stephensi in an urban transmission setting of Chennai, India. 
  • Oxygenated water and athletic performance. 
  • PET studies of the influences of nicotine on neural systems in cigarette smokers. 
  • Patchy Blooms and Multifarious Ecotypes of Labyrinthulomycetes Protists and Their Implication in Vertical Carbon Export in the Pelagic Eastern Indian Ocean. 
  • Permeability properties of rat renal lysosomes. 
  • Permeability properties of the mammalian bladder apical membrane. 
  • Persistent decay of fresh xylem hydraulic conductivity varies with pressure gradient and marks plant responses to injury. 
  • Phase diagram relationships in cryobiology. 
  • Physical and biological properties of cationic triesters of phosphatidylcholine. 
  • Physical and economic potential of geological CO 2 storage in saline aquifers 
  • Physiological responses of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings to drought stress. 
  • Phytocytokine signalling reopens stomata in plant immunity and water loss. 
  • Plant sizes and shapes above and belowground and their interactions with climate. 
  • Plant-Pathogen Warfare under Changing Climate Conditions. 
  • Plasma membrane aquaporin activity can affect the rate of apoptosis but is inhibited after apoptotic volume decrease. 
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmospheres of Titan and Jupiter. 
  • Polydipsia screening tool 
  • Polyphosphazenes: effect of molecular motions on thrombogenesis. 
  • Population differentiation and plasticity in vegetative ontogeny: effects on life-history expression in Erysimum capitatum (Brassicaceae). 
  • Portable UV-visible spectrometer for measuring absorbance and dichroism of Langmuir monolayers at air-water interfaces. 
  • Potential advantages of torsemide in patients with heart failure: more than just a 'water pill'? 
  • Potential concerns in fullerene application to water treatment related to transformation, cellular uptake and intracellular catalysis. 
  • Predictive models for radial sap flux variation in coniferous, diffuse-porous and ring-porous temperate trees. 
  • Prevalence of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Flint, Michigan, 5 Years After the Onset of the Water Crisis. 
  • Protistan plankton communities in the Galápagos Archipelago respond to changes in deep water masses resulting from the 2015/16 El Niño. 
  • Pure manganese(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin (MnTBAP) is not a superoxide dismutase mimic in aqueous systems: a case of structure-activity relationship as a watchdog mechanism in experimental therapeutics and biology. 
  • QM/MM model of the mouse olfactory receptor MOR244-3 validated by site-directed mutagenesis experiments. 
  • Quantification of insensible water loss associated with insufflation of nonhumidified CO2 in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. 
  • Quantifying Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Water Heaters. 
  • Quantifying ground water inputs along the Lower Jordan River. 
  • Quantitation of automated single-voxel proton MRS using cerebral water as an internal reference. 
  • Quantitation of proton NMR spectra of the human brain using tissue water as an internal concentration reference. 
  • Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Method Combined with Hybrid All-Atom and Coarse-Grained Model: Theory and Application on Redox Potential Calculations. 
  • Quantum mechanics simulation of protein dynamics on long timescale. 
  • Radial-axial transport coordination enhances sugar translocation in the phloem vasculature of plants. 
  • Radiated noise from commercial ships in the Gulf of Maine: implications for whale/vessel collisions. 
  • Radiation absorbed dose estimates for oxygen-15 radiopharmaceuticals (H2(15)O, C15O, O15O) in newborn infants. 
  • Rapid cross-linking of elastin-like polypeptides with (hydroxymethyl)phosphines in aqueous solution. 
  • Rapid preparation and characterization of uniform, large, spherical Ag particles through a simple wet-chemical route. 
  • Rapid self-healing hydrogels. 
  • Re-assessment of plant carbon dynamics at the Duke free-air CO(2) enrichment site: interactions of atmospheric [CO(2)] with nitrogen and water availability over stand development. 
  • Reconstitution and functional comparison of purified GlpF and AqpZ, the glycerol and water channels from Escherichia coli. 
  • Regulation of gastric emptying in humans by cholecystokinin. 
  • Regulation of plant root system architecture: implications for crop advancement. 
  • Reindeer herders from subarctic Finland exhibit high total energy expenditure and low energy intake during the autumn herd roundup. 
  • Relationship between T1rho magnetic resonance imaging, synovial fluid biomarkers, and the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cartilage. 
  • Relative biological effectiveness of tritiated water to gamma radiation for germ line mutations. 
  • Renal hemodynamic and tubular transport effects of nitrendipine. 
  • Reply to Xi et al.: Water table fluctuation is well recognized and discussed in our study. 
  • Responses of tropical native and invader C4 grasses to water stress, clipping and increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. 
  • Responsible development of nanotechnologies for water and wastewater treatment. 
  • Role of aquaporins in determining transpiration and photosynthesis in water-stressed plants: crop water-use efficiency, growth and yield. 
  • Role of farnesyltransferase in ABA regulation of guard cell anion channels and plant water loss. 
  • Role of water in short-range repulsive and attractive interactions between macromolecules and bilayers. 
  • Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs. 
  • Root water uptake and transport: using physiological processes in global predictions. 
  • Routine single particle CryoEM sample and grid characterization by tomography. 
  • Secure analysis of distributed chemical databases without data integration. 
  • Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate. 
  • Sevoflurane formulation water content influences degradation by Lewis acids in vaporizers. 
  • Simulating water with the self-consistent-charge density functional tight binding method: from molecular clusters to the liquid state. 
  • Site-scale Urban Water Mass Balance Assessment (SUWMBA) to quantify water performance of urban design-technology-environment configurations. 
  • Snaps of a tiny amphipod push the boundary of ultrafast, repeatable movement. 
  • Social marketing of water and sanitation products: a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature. 
  • Soil fertility limits carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in a CO2-enriched atmosphere. 
  • Solution-cast metal oxide thin film electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution. 
  • Solution-processed, antimony-doped tin oxide colloid films enable high-performance TiO2 photoanodes for water splitting. 
  • Solvent effect on optical rotation: A case study of methyloxirane in water. 
  • Solving the problem at the source: controlling Mn release at the sediment-water interface via hypolimnetic oxygenation 
  • Spatial variability in tree-ring carbon isotope discrimination in response to local drought across the entire loblolly pine natural range. 
  • Spatiotemporal variation of crown-scale stomatal conductance in an arid Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot vineyard: direct effects of hydraulic properties and indirect effects of canopy leaf area. 
  • Stability of Metal-Glutathione Complexes During Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide and Cu(II)-Catalysis 
  • Steering electrons on moving pathways. 
  • Steroid Anesthesia Revisited: Again. 
  • Stimulation of aquaporin-mediated fluid transport by cyclic GMP in human retinal pigment epithelium in vitro. 
  • Stomatal sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit and its relationship to hydraulic conductance in Pinus palustris. 
  • Strong hg(II) complexation in municipal wastewater effluent and surface waters. 
  • Structure and organization of hexadecanol isomers adsorbed to the air/water interface. 
  • Structure of a G.T.A triplet in an intramolecular DNA triplex. 
  • Structure of the water channel AqpZ from Escherichia coli revealed by electron crystallography. 
  • Study of diffusion in erythrocyte suspension using internal magnetic field inhomogeneity. 
  • Sublethal exposure to pyriproxyfen does not impair the abilities of the backswimmer Buenoa amnigenus to prey upon Aedes aegypti larvae. 
  • Supercritical water oxidation of a model fecal sludge without the use of a co-fuel. 
  • Sustained effects of atmospheric [CO2] and nitrogen availability on forest soil CO2 efflux. 
  • Synthesis and evolution of PbS nanocrystals through a surfactant-assisted solvothermal route. 
  • Tap Water Avoidance Decreases Rates of Hospital-onset Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. 
  • Tc-99m attenuation coefficients in water-filled phantoms determined with gamma cameras. 
  • Technical Note: On maximizing Cherenkov emissions from medical linear accelerators. 
  • Temperature-responsive hydroxybutyl chitosan for the culture of mesenchymal stem cells and intervertebral disk cells. 
  • Temporal and spectral imaging with micro-CT. 
  • Test of the Epstein-Plesset model for gas microparticle dissolution in aqueous media: effect of surface tension and gas undersaturation in solution. 
  • Tetraethylammonium block of water flux in Aquaporin-1 channels expressed in kidney thin limbs of Henle's loop and a kidney-derived cell line. 
  • The Depths of Hydraulic Fracturing and Accompanying Water Use Across the United States. 
  • The H2O-NaCl-glycerol phase diagram and its application in cryobiology. 
  • The In Vitro Proinflammatory Properties of Water Accommodated Sediment Extracts from a Creosote-Contaminated US Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site. 
  • The X-ray structure of the PurR-guanine-purF operator complex reveals the contributions of complementary electrostatic surfaces and a water-mediated hydrogen bond to corepressor specificity and binding affinity. 
  • The aquaporins, blueprints for cellular plumbing systems. 
  • The crystal structure of a collagen-like polypeptide with 3(S)-hydroxyproline residues in the Xaa position forms a standard 7/2 collagen triple helix. 
  • The doubly labeled water method produces highly reproducible longitudinal results in nutrition studies. 
  • The effect of cholesterol on the structure of phosphatidylcholine bilayers. 
  • The effect of hydraulic lift on organic matter decomposition, soil nitrogen cycling, and nitrogen acquisition by a grass species. 
  • The effect of hydrogen bonding on the diffusion of water in n-alkanes and n-alcohols measured with a novel single microdroplet method. 
  • The effect of nitric oxide surface flux on the foreign body response to subcutaneous implants. 
  • The effect of phloretin on the hydration of egg phosphatidylcholine multilayers. 
  • The effect of plant water storage on water fluxes within the coupled soil-plant system. 
  • The effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization on stomatal conductance estimated from 11 years of scaled sap flux measurements at Duke FACE 
  • The hydrolytic susceptibility of prochelator BSIH in aqueous solutions. 
  • The influence of large deletions on the mutation frequency induced by tritiated water and X-radiation in male Drosophila melanogaster post-meiotic germ cells. 
  • The lamellar structure of nerve myelin after rehydration. 
  • The nature of aqueous tunneling pathways between electron-transfer proteins. 
  • The potential role of caveolin-1 in inhibition of aquaporins during the AVD. 
  • The role of stress waves and cavitation in stone comminution in shock wave lithotripsy. 
  • The role of water in plant-microbe interactions. 
  • The roles of conduit redundancy and connectivity in xylem hydraulic functions. 
  • The use of gradient flow compensation to separate diffusion and microcirculatory flow in MRI. 
  • The water permeability of lens aquaporin-0 depends on its lipid bilayer environment. 
  • The xylem of anisohydric Quercus alba L. is more vulnerable to embolism than isohydric codominants. 
  • Theoretical study of catalytic mechanism for single-site water oxidation process. 
  • Thermodynamics of RNA melting, one base pair at a time. 
  • Three Pyrimidine Decarboxylations in the Absence of a Catalyst. 
  • Three dimensional dose distribution comparison of simple and complex acquisition trajectories in dedicated breast CT. 
  • Time-resolved imaging refractometry of microbicidal films using quantitative phase microscopy. 
  • Total energy expenditure is repeatable in adults but not associated with short-term changes in body composition. 
  • Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. I. Modelling cell contact region fluorescence. 
  • Total parenteral nutrition. 
  • Toxicity of a formulation of the insecticide indoxacarb to the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), and the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). 
  • Trade-offs in water and carbon ecosystem services with land-use changes in grasslands. 
  • Trading water for carbon with biological carbon sequestration. 
  • Transport and retention of selected engineered nanoparticles by porous media in the presence of a biofilm. 
  • Tree water balance drives temperate forest responses to drought. 
  • Tumor blood flow measured by perfusion computed tomography and 15O-labeled water positron emission tomography: a comparison study. 
  • Tuning the mechanical properties of graphene oxide paper and its associated polymer nanocomposites by controlling cooperative intersheet hydrogen bonding. 
  • Turbulent water coupling in shock wave lithotripsy. 
  • UVA generates pyrimidine dimers in DNA directly. 
  • Ultrasonic absorption measurements in aqueous solutions of glycine, diglycine, and triglycine. 
  • Unconventional oil and gas chemicals and wastewater-impacted water samples promote adipogenesis via PPARγ-dependent and independent mechanisms in 3T3-L1 cells. 
  • Understanding, managing, and minimizing urban impacts on surface water nitrogen loading. 
  • Underwater blast injury: a review of standards. 
  • Underwater linear polarization: physical limitations to biological functions. 
  • Use of SDS micelles to stabilize a ternary intermediate in the reaction of ferrioxamine B and 1,10-phenanthroline. 
  • Utility of Diffusive Gradient in Thin-Film Passive Samplers for Predicting Mercury Methylation Potential and Bioaccumulation in Freshwater Wetlands. 
  • Variability and predictors of changes in water use during pregnancy. 
  • Variability in net ecosystem exchange from hourly to inter-annual time scales at adjacent pine and hardwood forests: a wavelet analysis 
  • Variable conductivity and embolism in roots and branches of four contrasting tree species and their impacts on whole-plant hydraulic performance under future atmospheric CO₂ concentration. 
  • Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors. 
  • Viscosity measurements of methanol-water and acetonitrile-water mixtures at pressures up to 3500 bar using a novel capillary time-of-flight viscometer. 
  • Water Availability for Shale Gas Development in Sichuan Basin, China. 
  • Water adsorption at two unsolvated peptides with a protonated lysine residue: from self-solvation to solvation. 
  • Water as a source for colonization and infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens: Focus on sinks. 
  • Water disinfection processes change the cytotoxicity of C₆₀ fullerene: Reactions at the nano-bio interface. 
  • Water exchange rates of water-soluble manganese(III) porphyrins of therapeutical potential. 
  • Water mobility within bovine cervical mucus. 
  • Water movement during apoptosis: a role for aquaporins in the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). 
  • Water permeability and mechanical strength of polyunsaturated lipid bilayers. 
  • Water permeability of aquaporin-4 channel depends on bilayer composition, thickness, and elasticity. 
  • Water subsidies from mountains to deserts: their role in sustaining groundwater-fed oases in a sandy landscape. 
  • Water uptake and hydraulic redistribution across large woody root systems to 20 m depth. 
  • Water-Mediated Carbon-Oxygen Hydrogen Bonding Facilitates S-Adenosylmethionine Recognition in the Reactivation Domain of Cobalamin-Dependent Methionine Synthase. 
  • Water-soluble and nonionic polyphosphoester: synthesis, degradation, biocompatibility and enhancement of gene expression in mouse muscle. 
  • Water-soluble treatments to enhance glucose permeability of protein-resistant polymer overlayers. 
  • Weak tradeoff between xylem safety and xylem-specific hydraulic efficiency across the world's woody plant species. 
  • Wet versus dry enamel ablation by Er:YAG laser. 
  • Wetlands as an alternative stable state in desert streams. 
  • Wide-field fast-scanning photoacoustic microscopy based on a water-immersible MEMS scanning mirror. 
  • X-ray diffraction analysis of isolated skin lipids: reconstitution of intercellular lipid domains. 
  • Xylem functioning, dysfunction and repair: a physical perspective and implications for phloem transport. 
  • Xylem-phloem hydraulic coupling explains multiple osmoregulatory responses to salt stress. 
  • [Reproducibility of water drinking test]. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Abbruzzese, James, D. C. I. Distinguished Professor of Medical Oncology, Medicine, Medical Oncology
  • Badea, Cristian Tudorel, Professor in Radiology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Charles, Hal Cecil, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology
  • Craciunescu, Oana, Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology
  • Driehuys, Bastiaan, Professor of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Emanuel, Ryan, Associate Professor of Hydrology, Environmental Sciences and Policy
  • Glass, Jeffrey, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke Innovation & Entrepreneurship
  • Hsu-Kim, Heileen, Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering
  • McGlynn, Brian, Adjunct Professor, Earth and Climate Sciences
  • Nightingale, Kathryn Radabaugh, Theo Pilkington Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering
  • Pratson, Lincoln F., Gendell Family Professor of Energy and Environment, Nicholas Institute-Energy Initiative
  • Preminger, Glenn Michael, James F. Glenn, M.D. Distinguished Professor of Urology, Surgery, Urology
  • Richter, Daniel D., Professor in the Division of Earth and Climate Science, Environmental Sciences and Policy
  • Shindell, Drew Todd, Nicholas Distinguished Professor of Earth Science, Duke Science & Society
  • Starmer, Charles Franklin, Professor Emeritus of Computer Science, Computer Science
  • Vengosh, Avner, Nicholas Distinguished Professor of Environmental Quality, Nicholas Institute-Energy Initiative