Observer Variation

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Multireader Exploratory Evaluation of Individual Pulse Sequence Cancer Detection on Prostate Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). 
  • A combined pulmonary-radiology workshop for visual evaluation of COPD: study design, chest CT findings and concordance with quantitative evaluation. 
  • A comparison of five approaches to measurement of anatomic knee alignment from radiographs. 
  • A comparison of perineometer to brink score for assessment of pelvic floor muscle strength. 
  • A disease-specific activity index for Wegener's granulomatosis: modification of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score. International Network for the Study of the Systemic Vasculitides (INSSYS). 
  • A general approach to evaluating agreement between two observers or methods of measurement from quantitative data with replicated measurements. 
  • A generic framework to simulate realistic lung, liver and renal pathologies in CT imaging. 
  • A global sensitivity analysis of performance of a medical diagnostic test when verification bias is present. 
  • A modified Anderson-Wilkins electrocardiographic acuteness score for anterior or inferior myocardial infarction. 
  • A modified CT severity index for evaluating acute pancreatitis: improved correlation with patient outcome. 
  • A multicenter, randomized trial of coronary angioplasty versus directional atherectomy for patients with saphenous vein bypass graft lesions. CAVEAT-II Investigators. 
  • A multiobserver study of the effects of including point-of-care patient photographs with portable radiography: a means to detect wrong-patient errors. 
  • A multisite phase III study of the safety and efficacy of a new manganese chloride-based gastrointestinal contrast agent for MRI of the abdomen and pelvis. 
  • A new permutation-based method for assessing agreement between two observers making replicated binary readings. 
  • A new permutation-based method for assessing agreement between two observers making replicated quantitative readings. 
  • A novel approach for determining three-dimensional acetabular orientation: results from two hundred subjects. 
  • A novel, reproducible, and objective method for volumetric magnetic resonance imaging assessment of enhancing glioblastoma. 
  • A pilot study of clinical agreement in cardiovascular preparticipation examinations: how good is the standard of care? 
  • A population needs assessment profile for dementia. 
  • A prospective study of modified Ottawa ankle rules in a military population. Interobserver agreement between physical therapists and orthopaedic surgeons. 
  • A quality assurance study on the accuracy of measuring physical function under current conditions for use of clinical video telehealth. 
  • A simple, efficient tool for assessment of mice after unilateral cortex injury. 
  • A simplified method to measure choroidal thickness using adaptive compensation in enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. 
  • A test-retest reliability study of child-reported psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA-C). 
  • A twin study of late-onset depression and apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Abdominal pain: coronal reformations from isotropic voxels with 16-section CT--reader lesion detection and interpretation time. 
  • Absence of secretory endometrium after false-positive home urine luteinizing hormone testing. 
  • Accuracy and interobserver reliability of scalp ictal EEG. 
  • Accuracy of abdominal radiography in acute small-bowel obstruction: does reviewer experience matter? 
  • Accuracy of diabetic retinopathy screening by trained non-physician graders using non-mydriatic fundus camera. 
  • Accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (CT) for detecting and characterizing the most common CT-patterns of pulmonary disease. 
  • Accuracy of segmentation of a commercial computer-aided detection system for mammography. 
  • Accurate assessment and prediction of noise in clinical CT images. 
  • Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of verbal recognition memory. 
  • Agreement among pediatric ophthalmologists in diagnosing plus and pre-plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Agreement of olecranon fractures before and after the exposure to four classification systems. 
  • Alterations in the rheological flow profile in conduit femoral artery during rhythmic thigh muscle contractions in humans. 
  • Ambient illumination revisited: a new adaptation-based approach for optimizing medical imaging reading environments. 
  • An alternative strategy for perinatal verbal autopsy coding: single versus multiple coders. 
  • An artificial neural network for lesion detection on single-photon emission computed tomographic images. 
  • An assessment of ST-segment measurement variability between two core electrocardiogram laboratories. 
  • An assessment of the reliability of the Scoliometer. 
  • An automated method for comparing motion artifacts in cine four-dimensional computed tomography images. 
  • An easy and reproducible method of assessing healing of the open abdomen by digital image analysis. 
  • An evaluation of maximum likelihood-expectation maximization reconstruction for SPECT by ROC analysis. 
  • An instrument to assess the obesogenic environment of child care centers. 
  • An investigation of radiologists' perception of lesion similarity: observations with paired breast masses on mammograms and paired lung nodules on CT images. 
  • An observer study for direct comparison of clinical efficacy of electronic to film portal images. 
  • An observer study methodology for evaluating detection of motion abnormalities in gated myocardial perfusion SPECT. 
  • Analysis of errors in laparoscopic surgical procedures. 
  • Analytic bias of thyroid function tests: analysis of a College of American Pathologists fresh frozen serum pool by 3900 clinical laboratories. 
  • Anatomic validation of a novel method for left ventricular volume and mass measurements with use of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography. 
  • Answering unanswered questions: proposal for a shared resource in clinical diagnostic radiology research. 
  • Aortic aneurysmal disease: assessment of stent-graft treatment-CT versus conventional angiography. 
  • Arch height index measurement system: establishment of reliability and normative values. 
  • Are they really that happy? Exploring scale recalibration in estimates of well-being. 
  • Artificial neural network for diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism: effect of case and observer selection. 
  • Artificial neural network: improving the quality of breast biopsy recommendations. 
  • Assessing Ganglion Cell Layer Topography in Human Albinism Using Optical Coherence Tomography. 
  • Assessing Lower Limb Alignment: Comparison of Standard Knee Xray vs Long Leg View. 
  • Assessing agreement with relative area under the coverage probability curve. 
  • Assessing agreement with repeated measures for random observers. 
  • Assessing diagnostic approaches to depression in medically ill older adults: how reliably can mental health professionals make judgments about the cause of symptoms? 
  • Assessing immunophenotyping performance: proficiency-validation for adopting improved flow cytometry methods. 
  • Assessing individual agreement. 
  • Assessing intra, inter and total agreement with replicated readings. 
  • Assessing observer agreement in studies involving replicated binary observations. 
  • Assessing pain behaviors in healthy subjects using the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT): a pilot study. 
  • Assessment of a Chemotherapy Response Score (CRS) System for Tubo-Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC). 
  • Assessment of automatic vessel tracking techniques in preoperative planning of transluminal aortic stent graft implantation. 
  • Assessment of interrater and intrarater reliability of the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale in essential tremor. 
  • Assessment of intra-observer variability in measurement of high-grade brain tumors. 
  • Assessment of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of lumbar spine foraminal stenosis--a surgeon's perspective. 
  • Assessment of parallel acquisition techniques in adrenal magnetic resonance imaging: does increased temporal resolution significantly improve visualization of adrenal lesions? 
  • Associations among four modalities of experimental pain in women. 
  • Associations between anticoagulation therapy and risks of mortality and readmission among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. 
  • Asymmetric spermatic cord vessel enhancement on CT: a sign of epididymitis or testicular neoplasm. 
  • Atlas of radiographic features of osteoarthritis of the ankle and hindfoot. 
  • Atypical behaviors in children with autism and children with a history of language impairment. 
  • Atypical cellular blue nevi (cellular blue nevi with atypical features): lack of consensus for diagnosis and distinction from cellular blue nevi and malignant melanoma ("malignant blue nevus"). 
  • Automated characterization of perceptual quality of clinical chest radiographs: validation and calibration to observer preference. 
  • Automated quantification of aortoaortic and aortoiliac angulation for computed tomographic angiography of abdominal aortic aneurysms before endovascular repair: preliminary study. 
  • Automatic determination of minimal cardiac motion phases for computed tomography imaging: initial experience. 
  • Automatic segmentation of seven retinal layers in SDOCT images congruent with expert manual segmentation. 
  • Automatic white matter lesion segmentation using contrast enhanced FLAIR intensity and Markov Random Field. 
  • BRCA1 immunohistochemistry in a molecularly characterized cohort of ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas. 
  • Biomechanical studies: science (f)or common sense? 
  • Breast cancer MRI radiomics: An overview of algorithmic features and impact of inter-reader variability in annotating tumors. 
  • Breast imaging reporting and data system standardized mammography lexicon: observer variability in lesion description. 
  • Bronchial anastomotic complications in lung transplant recipients: virtual bronchoscopy for noninvasive assessment. 
  • CAD-RADS(TM) Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System. An expert consensus document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI). Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology. 
  • CT colonography: investigation of the optimum reader paradigm by using computer-aided detection software. 
  • CT during arterial portography: comparison of injection into the splenic versus superior mesenteric artery. 
  • Can Occult Invasive Disease in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Be Predicted Using Computer-extracted Mammographic Features? 
  • Can combining triple-arterial phase acquisition with fluoroscopic triggering provide both optimal early and late hepatic arterial phase images during gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI? 
  • Can the localization of primary colonic tumors be improved by staging CT without specific bowel preparation compared to optical colonoscopy? 
  • Can women provide reliable information about their children's fathers? cross-informant agreement about men's lifetime antisocial behaviour. 
  • Cancer cases from ACRIN digital mammographic imaging screening trial: radiologist analysis with use of a logistic regression model. 
  • Capturing the ebb and flow of psychiatric symptoms with dynamical systems models. 
  • Cervical carcinoma: determination of recurrent tumor extent versus radiation changes with MR imaging. 
  • Change in plasma glutamate concentration during cardiac surgery is a poor predictor of cognitive outcome. 
  • Chest Fat Quantification via CT Based on Standardized Anatomy Space in Adult Lung Transplant Candidates. 
  • Chest radiograph reading panel performance in a Bangladesh pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness study. 
  • Chest radiography: comparison of high-resolution digital displays with conventional and digital film. 
  • Clarification letter. Re: Intra- and interobserver reliability of MRI examination of intervertebral disc abnormalities in patients with cervical myelopathy. 
  • Clarification letter: observer agreement of spine stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging analysis of patients with cervical spine myelopathy. 
  • Classification of severity of health problems in family/general practice: an international field trial. 
  • Classification of visual field abnormalities in the ocular hypertension treatment study. 
  • Classifying general medicine readmissions. Are they preventable? Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies in Health Services Group on Primary Care and Hospital Readmissions. 
  • Clinical Acuity Shorthand System: a standardized classification tool to facilitate handoffs. 
  • Clinical Outcome Measures in Chiari I Malformation. 
  • Clinical course outcomes for store and forward teledermatology versus conventional consultation: a randomized trial. 
  • Clinical diagnostic accuracy and magnetic resonance imaging of patients referred by physical therapists, orthopaedic surgeons, and nonorthopaedic providers. 
  • Clinical evaluation for sinusitis. Making the diagnosis by history and physical examination. 
  • Clinical evaluation of anterior vaginal wall support defects: interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability. 
  • Clinical hip tests and a functional squat test in patients with knee osteoarthritis: reliability, prevalence of positive test findings, and short-term response to hip mobilization. 
  • Clinical information determines the impact of transesophageal echocardiography on the diagnosis of infective endocarditis by the duke criteria. 
  • Clinical prediction rules for physical therapy interventions: a systematic review. 
  • Clinical stroke trials: guarding against bias. 
  • Clinician agreement on physical findings in child sexual abuse cases. 
  • Clinician-friendly lower extremity physical performance measures in athletes: a systematic review of measurement properties and correlation with injury, part 1. The tests for knee function including the hop tests. 
  • Clinicians agreement in establishing glaucomatous progression using the Heidelberg retina tomograph. 
  • Coefficients of agreement for fixed observers. 
  • Cognitive performance and informant reports in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in African Americans and whites. 
  • Commentary: Failing grades. 
  • Commentary: why do research on spirituality and health, and what do the results mean? 
  • Commissioning of Varian ring & tandem HDR applicators: reproducibility and interobserver variability of dwell position offsets. 
  • Comparative Effectiveness of Tumor Response Assessment Methods: Standard of Care Versus Computer-Assisted Response Evaluation. 
  • Comparative analyses of a small molecule/enzyme interaction by multiple users of Biacore technology. 
  • Comparative psychometric analysis of vector and isochrone cardiac activation maps. 
  • Comparing classifications of death in the Mode Selection Trial: agreement and disagreement among site investigators and a clinical events committee. 
  • Comparing digital tomosynthesis to cone-beam CT for position verification in patients undergoing partial breast irradiation. 
  • Comparison of Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction versus OS-EM for characterization of small pulmonary nodules in oncologic PET/CT. 
  • Comparison of ECG-gated rectilinear vs. real-time radial K-space sampling schemes in cine True-FISP cardiac MRI. 
  • Comparison of LCD and CRT displays based on efficacy for digital mammography. 
  • Comparison of an automated algorithm to expert physician interpretation of 80-lead body surface mapping in the evaluation of acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain: results from the Optimal Cardiovascular Diagnostic Evaluation Enabling Faster Treatment of Myocardial Infarction trial. 
  • Comparison of color fundus photographs and fundus autofluorescence images in measuring geographic atrophy area. 
  • Comparison of concordance correlation coefficient and coefficient of individual agreement in assessing agreement. 
  • Comparison of different modes in optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy in anterior chamber angle assessment. 
  • Comparison of echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measurements of functional single ventricular volumes, mass, and ejection fraction (from the Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross-Sectional Study). 
  • Comparison of fresh frozen serum to proficiency testing material in College of American Pathologists surveys: alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, and prostate-specific antigen. 
  • Comparison of fresh frozen serum to traditional proficiency testing material in a College of American Pathologists survey for ferritin, folate, and vitamin B12. 
  • Comparison of pooled fresh frozen serum to proficiency testing material in College of American Pathologists surveys: cortisol and immunoglobulin E. 
  • Comparison of the efficacy of digital subtraction and film-screen angiography of the lower limb: prospective study in 50 patients. 
  • Comparison of the grading of esophageal varices by transnasal endoluminal ultrasound and esophagogastroduodenoscopy. 
  • Comparison of unenhanced and enhanced imaging protocols for angle measurements with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. 
  • Comparison of unenhanced, hepatic arterial-dominant, and portal venous-dominant phase helical CT for the detection of liver metastases in women with breast carcinoma. 
  • Compression of digital coronary angiograms does not affect visual or quantitative assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity. 
  • Computer-aided classification of breast masses: performance and interobserver variability of expert radiologists versus residents. 
  • Computer-aided detection (CAD) of lung nodules in CT scans: radiologist performance and reading time with incremental CAD assistance. 
  • Computer-aided detection of peripheral lung cancers missed at CT: ROC analyses without and with localization. 
  • Computer-assisted retinal vessel measurement in an older population: correlation between right and left eyes. 
  • Computerized detection of diffuse lung disease in MDCT: the usefulness of statistical texture features. 
  • Computerized detection of vertebral compression fractures on lateral chest radiographs: preliminary results with a tool for early detection of osteoporosis. 
  • Concerns for the reliability and validity of the National Stroke Project Stroke Severity Scale. 
  • Concordance and discordance in patient and provider perceptions of dizziness. 
  • Concordance of hypervascular liver nodule characterization between the organ procurement and transplant network and liver imaging reporting and data system classifications. 
  • Confronting the issues of patient safety and investigator conflict of interest in an international clinical trial of myocardial reperfusion. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) Steering Committee. 
  • Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: prenatal evaluation with MR lung volumetry--preliminary experience. 
  • Consensus diagnostic histopathological criteria for acute gastrointestinal graft versus host disease improve interobserver reproducibility. 
  • Consensus factors used by experts in the diagnosis of decompression illness. 
  • Contemporary patterns of discharge aspirin dosing after acute myocardial infarction in the United States: results from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry (NCDR). 
  • Contrast-enhanced anatomic imaging as compared to contrast-enhanced tissue characterization for detection of left ventricular thrombus. 
  • Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of carotid arteries: utility in routine clinical practice. 
  • Controversies in Diagnostic Imaging of Patients With Suspected Stable and Acute Chest Pain Syndromes. 
  • Coronary multidetector computed tomographic angiography to evaluate coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates: methods, feasibility and initial experience. 
  • Correlation of knee and hindfoot deformities in advanced knee OA: compensatory hindfoot alignment and where it occurs. 
  • Creatinine measurement: state of the art in accuracy and interlaboratory harmonization. 
  • Cross-validation and extension of the MMPI-A IMM scale. 
  • Crowdsourcing consensus: proposal of a novel method for assessing accuracy in echocardiography interpretation. 
  • Crowdsourcing: a valid alternative to expert evaluation of robotic surgery skills. 
  • Defects of the lamina cribrosa in eyes with localized retinal nerve fiber layer loss. 
  • Delay of gratification, psychopathology, and personality: is low self-control specific to externalizing problems? 
  • Designing a Better Mousetrap: Reflections on the November 28, 2017, US Food and Drug Administration Meeting on Next-Generation "High-Sensitivity" Cardiac Troponin Assays to Diagnose Myocardial Infarction. 
  • Detailed definition and interobserver agreement for the electrocardiographic Sclarovsky-Birnbaum ischemia grading system. 
  • Detection of acute ischemia from the EASI-derived 12-lead electrocardiogram and from the 12-lead electrocardiogram acquired in clinical practice. 
  • Detection of lung nodules on digital chest radiographs: potential usefulness of a new contralateral subtraction technique. 
  • Detection of prostate cancer with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI): effect of dedicated reader education on accuracy and confidence of index and anterior cancer diagnosis. 
  • Detection of pulmonary embolism: comparison of contrast-enhanced spiral CT and time-of-flight MR techniques. 
  • Determinants of pupil diameters and pupil dynamics in an adult Chinese population. 
  • Determination of left ventricular long-axis orientation using MRI: changes during the respiratory and cardiac cycles in normal and diseased subjects. 
  • Determination of the mitral papillary muscle positions by the septal-to-free wall arc ratio method. 
  • Determining contrast medium dose and rate on basis of lean body weight: does this strategy improve patient-to-patient uniformity of hepatic enhancement during multi-detector row CT? 
  • Development and implementation of a proficiency testing program for Luminex bead-based cytokine assays. 
  • Development and prognosis of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era. 
  • Development and reliability of an observation method to assess food intake of young children in child care. 
  • Development of a contemporary globally diverse HIV viral panel by the EQAPOL program. 
  • Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES). 
  • Development of validated disease activity and damage indices for the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: I. Physician, parent, and patient global assessments. Juvenile Dermatomyositis Disease Activity Collaborative Study Group. 
  • Development, reliability and validation of a neurogenic bowel dysfunction score in pediatric patients with spina bifida. 
  • Diagnosing sinusitis by X-ray: is a single Waters view adequate? 
  • Diagnostic Accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Infective Endocarditis and Implantable Cardiac Electronic Device Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study. 
  • Diagnostic accuracy and inter-rater reliability of 64-multislice 3D-CTA compared to intra-arterial DSA for intracranial aneurysms. 
  • Diagnostic conclusions from the EASI-derived 12-lead electrocardiogram as compared with the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram in children. 
  • Diagnostic performance of imaging criteria for distinguishing autoimmune cholangiopathy from primary sclerosing cholangitis and bile duct malignancy. 
  • Differences between local investigator and core laboratory interpretation of the admission electrocardiogram in patients with unstable angina pectoris or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (a Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Ischemia [TRIM] substudy). 
  • Differences between local investigator and core-laboratory interpretation of the admission electrocardiogram in patients with unstable angina pectoris or non-Q myocardial infarction (a thrombin inhibition in myocardial ischemia [TRIM] substudy). 
  • Diffuse nodular lung disease on chest radiographs: a pilot study of characterization by fractal dimension. 
  • Digital Tomosynthesis: A Viable Alternative to Noncontrast Computed Tomography for the Follow-Up of Nephrolithiasis? 
  • Digital chest radiography with a solid-state flat-panel x-ray detector: contrast-detail evaluation with processed images printed on film hard copy. 
  • Digital mammography: effects of reduced radiation dose on diagnostic performance. 
  • Digital storage phosphor chest radiography: an ROC study of the effect of 2K versus 4K matrix size on observer performance. 
  • Digital tomosynthesis for respiratory gated liver treatment: clinical feasibility for daily image guidance. 
  • Direct comparison of conventional and computed radiography with a dual-image recording technique. 
  • Disagreement between parent and adolescent reports of functional impairment. 
  • Discordant identification of pediatric severe sepsis by research and clinical definitions in the SPROUT international point prevalence study. 
  • Discovery and verification of protein differences between Er positive/Her2/neu negative breast tumor tissue and matched adjacent normal breast tissue. 
  • Dissociation predicts later attention problems in sexually abused children. 
  • Distorted perceptions in dyadic interactions of aggressive and nonaggressive boys: effects of prior expectations, context, and boys' age. 
  • Does PACS improve diagnostic accuracy in chest radiograph interpretations in clinical practice? 
  • Does image quality matter? Impact of resolution and noise on mammographic task performance. 
  • Does review of peripheral blood smears help in the initial workup of common anemias? 
  • Doppler evaluation of renal artery stenosis: interobserver agreement in the interpretation of waveform morphology. 
  • Doppler sonography of the portal vein and hepatic artery: measurement of a prandial effect in healthy subjects. 
  • Dose dependence of mass and microcalcification detection in digital mammography: free response human observer studies. 
  • Drusen ultrastructure imaging with spectral domain optical coherence tomography in age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Durometry as an outcome measure in juvenile localized scleroderma. 
  • Dynamic systems theory as a paradigm for the study of change in psychotherapy: an application to cognitive therapy for depression. 
  • Dysmorphologic features of the fetal pelvis in Down syndrome: prenatal sonographic depiction and diagnostic implications of the iliac angle. 
  • ECG quantification of myocardial scar in cardiomyopathy patients with or without conduction defects: correlation with cardiac magnetic resonance and arrhythmogenesis. 
  • ECT seizure duration: reliability of manual and computer-automated determinations. 
  • Early melanoma detection: nonuniform dermoscopic features and growth. 
  • Early social, imitation, play, and language abilities of young non-autistic siblings of children with autism. 
  • Echocardiographic agreement in the diagnostic evaluation for infective endocarditis. 
  • Edge displacement field-based classification for improved detection of polyps in CT colonography. 
  • Effect of cardiac cycle on ultrasound assessment of endothelial function. 
  • Effect of dose reduction on the detection of mammographic lesions: a mathematical observer model analysis. 
  • Effect of human variability on independent double reading in screening mammography. 
  • Effect of improving the quality of radiographic interpretation on the ability to predict pulmonary tuberculosis relapse. 
  • Effect of optical coherence tomography scan pattern and density on the detection of full-thickness macular holes. 
  • Effect of pterygium morphology on pterygium recurrence in a controlled trial comparing conjunctival autografting with bare sclera excision. 
  • Effect of reduction in tube current on reader confidence in paediatric computed tomography. 
  • Effect of variability in the interpretation of coronary angiograms on the appropriateness of use of coronary revascularization procedures. 
  • Effects of examination technique modifications on pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) results. 
  • Effects of postnatal parental smoking on parent and teacher ratings of ADHD and oppositional symptoms. 
  • Effects of processing conditions on mammographic image quality. 
  • Electronic synoptic operative reporting: assessing the reliability and completeness of synoptic reports for pancreatic resection. 
  • Emergency department crowding associated with differences in CXR interpretations between emergency physicians and radiologists. 
  • Endoscopic ultrasound and computer tomography are inaccurate methods of classifying cystic pancreatic lesions. 
  • Epithelial repair of the uterine cervix: assessment of morphologic features and correlations with cytologic diagnosis. 
  • Establishment and maintenance of a PBMC repository for functional cellular studies in support of clinical vaccine trials. 
  • Establishment of a Novel Histopathological Classification of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Correlated with Prognostically Distinct Gene Expression Subtypes. 
  • Estimation of coefficients of individual agreement (CIAs) for quantitative and binary data using SAS and R. 
  • Estimation of error in maximal intensity projection-based internal target volume of lung tumors: a simulation and comparison study using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. 
  • Evaluation of Intraindividual Contrast Enhancement Variability for Determining the Maximum Achievable Consistency in CT. 
  • Evaluation of a contour-alignment technique for CT-guided prostate radiotherapy: an intra- and interobserver study. 
  • Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient thresholds for diagnosis of medulloblastoma using diffusion-weighted imaging. 
  • Evaluation of pancreas transplant needle biopsy: reproducibility and revision of histologic grading system. 
  • Evaluation of semi-quantitative scoring system for metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scans in patients with relapsed neuroblastoma. 
  • Evaluation of the efficacy of hand-held computer screens for cardiologists' interpretations of 12-lead electrocardiograms. 
  • Examination of the treatment selection process in a multicenter observational study. 
  • Experimental determination of subjective similarity for pairs of clustered microcalcifications on mammograms: observer study results. 
  • Exploring the potential of context-sensitive CADe in screening mammography. 
  • FDG-PET/CT characterization of adrenal nodules: diagnostic accuracy and interreader agreement using quantitative and qualitative methods. 
  • Facial nerve grading instruments: systematic review of the literature and suggestion for uniformity. 
  • Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire with a clinically depressed adolescent sample. 
  • Factors affecting the reliability of clinical judgments about the function of children's school-refusal behavior. 
  • Factors in the technical quality of gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for pulmonary embolism in PIOPED III. 
  • Familial idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: histopathology and survival in 30 patients. 
  • Fast spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging of thoracic aortic dissection: preliminary clinical experience at 1.5 T. 
  • Feasibility and variability of three dimensional echocardiography in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. 
  • Feature-Tracking Global Longitudinal Strain Predicts Death in a Multicenter Population of Patients With Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Incremental to Ejection Fraction and Late Gadolinium Enhancement. 
  • Filling a void: thyroid cancer surgery information on the internet. 
  • Fluorosis development in seven age cohorts after an 11-month break in water fluoridation. 
  • Free and open-source software application for the evaluation of coronary computed tomography angiography images. 
  • Functional cardiac CT and MR: effects of heart rate and software applications on measurement validity. 
  • Gastric graft-versus-host disease: a blinded histologic study. 
  • Gastroduodenal ulcers on CT: forgotten, but not gone. 
  • Generalized periodic discharges and 'triphasic waves': A blinded evaluation of inter-rater agreement and clinical significance. 
  • Glaucomatous optic neuropathy evaluation project: a standardized internet system for assessing skills in optic disc examination. 
  • Goniometric versus computerized angle measurement in assessing hallux valgus. 
  • Harmonizing lipidomics: NIST interlaboratory comparison exercise for lipidomics using SRM 1950-Metabolites in Frozen Human Plasma. 
  • Head-to-head comparison of the Lyon Schuss and fixed flexion radiographic techniques. Long-term reproducibility in normal knees and sensitivity to change in osteoarthritic knees. 
  • Hepatic artery: variability in measurement of resistive index and systolic acceleration time in healthy volunteers. 
  • Hepatic fat and adenosine triphosphate measurement in overweight and obese adults using 1H and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 
  • Histologic classification of lung cancers. Factors affecting its variability. 
  • How do medical residents discuss resuscitation with patients? 
  • How reader perception of capsule affects interpretation of washout in hypervascular liver nodules in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. 
  • IMPROVED SPECIFICITY OF POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY DIAGNOSIS USING A MODIFIED EVEREST CRITERIA. 
  • Image based diagnosis of cortical cataract. 
  • Image inversion spectral-domain optical coherence tomography optimizes choroidal thickness and detail through improved contrast. 
  • Impact of aortoiliac tortuosity on endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: evaluation of 3D computer-based assessment. 
  • Impact of beta-blockade premedication on image quality of ECG-gated thoracic aorta CT angiography. 
  • Implementation of Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) guidelines within the External Quality Assurance Program Oversight Laboratory (EQAPOL). 
  • Implementation of graphic user interface screen capture solution for workflow assessment of abdominal MR examinations valuable tool to analyze discrepancies in expected and experienced MR table time. 
  • Implementing a Continuous Quality Improvement Program in a High-Volume Clinical Echocardiography Laboratory: Improving Care for Patients With Aortic Stenosis. 
  • Improved left ventricular mass quantification with partial voxel interpolation: in vivo and necropsy validation of a novel cardiac MRI segmentation algorithm. 
  • Improved nuclear medicine uniformity assessment with noise texture analysis. 
  • Improved reproducibility of left atrial and left ventricular measurements by guided three-dimensional echocardiography. 
  • Improving mammographic decision accuracy by incorporating observer ratings with interpretation time. 
  • Improving radiologists' recommendations with computer-aided diagnosis for management of small nodules detected by CT. 
  • Improving the assessment of outcomes in stroke: use of a structured interview to assign grades on the modified Rankin Scale. 
  • Improving the clinical diagnosis of stroke. 
  • Improving the reliability of stroke subgroup classification using the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. 
  • In regard to Lee et al.: "Dosimetry and cancer control after low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy" (Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005;61:52-59). 
  • Increased apolipoprotein deposits in early atherosclerotic lesions distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic patients. 
  • Infarct volume on apparent diffusion coefficient maps correlates with length of stay and outcome after middle cerebral artery stroke. 
  • Influence and stability of pain scale anchors for an investigation of cold pressor pain tolerance. 
  • Influence of investigator experience on reliability of adult acquired flatfoot deformity measurements using weightbearing computed tomography. 
  • Influences of ultrasonic machine settings, transducer frequency and placement of region of interest on the measurement of integrated backscatter and cyclic variation. 
  • Informant disagreement for separation anxiety disorder. 
  • Inherent variability of CT lung nodule measurements in vivo using semiautomated volumetric measurements. 
  • Inter- and Intra-rater Reliability of the Hart-ISSG Proximal Junctional Failure Severity Scale. 
  • Inter- and intra-rater reproducibility of quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced MRI using TWIST perfusion data in a uterine fibroid model. 
  • Inter-laboratory comparison of channelized hotelling observer computation. 
  • Inter-observer variation in histopathological diagnosis and grading of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: results of an European collaborative study. 
  • Inter-rater agreement on identification of electrographic seizures and periodic discharges in ICU EEG recordings. 
  • Inter-rater reliability of select physical examination procedures in patients with neck pain. 
  • Inter-rater reliability of ultrasound imaging of the trunk musculature among novice raters. 
  • Interactive Contributions of Attribution Biases and Emotional Intensity to Child-Friend Interaction Quality During Preadolescence. 
  • International assessment of inter- and intrarater reliability of the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification system. 
  • International photographic classification and grading system for myopic maculopathy. 
  • Interobserver Agreement Among Uveitis Experts on Uveitic Diagnoses: The Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Experience. 
  • Interobserver Variability Between Breast Imagers Using the Fifth Edition of the BI-RADS MRI Lexicon. 
  • Interobserver Variability of Sonographic Features Used in the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. 
  • Interobserver agreement and intraobserver reproducibility of the subjective determination of glaucomatous visual field progression. 
  • Interobserver agreement for detection of malignant features of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas on MDCT. 
  • Interobserver agreement in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with left bundle branch block. 
  • Interobserver agreement on microfollicles in thyroid fine-needle aspirates. 
  • Interobserver agreement on what constitutes visceral pleural invasion by non-small cell lung carcinoma: an internet-based assessment of international current practices. 
  • Interobserver and intraobserver variability in the histological dating of the endometrium in fertile and infertile women. 
  • Interobserver variability in identification of breast tumors in MRI and its implications for prognostic biomarkers and radiogenomics. 
  • Interobserver variability in optical coherence tomography for macular edema. 
  • Interobserver variability in the interpretation of unenhanced helical CT for the diagnosis of ureteral stone disease. 
  • Interobserver variability in the treatment of little finger metacarpal neck fractures. 
  • Interobserver variability leads to significant differences in quantifiers of prostate implant adequacy. 
  • Interphysician agreement in the diagnosis of subtypes of acute ischemic stroke: implications for clinical trials. The TOAST Investigators. 
  • Interpretation of Post-operative Distal Humerus Radiographs After Internal Fixation: Prediction of Later Loss of Fixation. 
  • Interpretation variability of 18FDG-positron emission tomography studies in dementia. 
  • Interrater Reliability in Interpretation of Neuropathic Pediatric Urodynamic Tracings: An Expanded Multicenter Study. 
  • Interrater Reliability of Clinical Grading Measures for Cutaneous Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease. 
  • Interrater Reliability of Surveillance for Ventilator-Associated Events and Pneumonia. 
  • Interrater agreement for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: the MIRAGE study. 
  • Interrater reliability and diagnostic accuracy of pelvic girdle pain classification. 
  • Interrater reliability of identifying indicators of posterior ligamentous complex disruption when plain films are indeterminate in thoracolumbar injuries. 
  • Interrater reliability of the International Continence Society and International Urogynecological Association (ICS/IUGA) classification system for mesh-related complications. 
  • Interrater reliability of the functional movement screen. 
  • Interreader Reliability of LI-RADS Version 2014 Algorithm and Imaging Features for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Large International Multireader Study. 
  • Interreader Variability of Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI of Recurrent Glioblastoma: The Multicenter ACRIN 6677/RTOG 0625 Study. 
  • Intersubject variability in particle deposition does not explain variability in responsiveness to methacholine. 
  • Intra- and inter-observer reliability of MRI examination of intervertebral disc abnormalities in patients with cervical myelopathy. 
  • Intra- and interobserver agreement in the classification and treatment of distal third clavicle fractures. 
  • Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the shoulder laxity examination. 
  • Intraobserver and interobserver agreement in the classification and treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures. 
  • Intraobserver variability in fibroid size measurements: estimated effects on assessing fibroid growth. 
  • Intraobserver variability in optical coherence tomography. 
  • Intrarater and interrater reliability and validity in the assessment of the mechanism of injury and integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex: a novel injury severity scoring system for thoracolumbar injuries. Invited submission from the Joint Section Meeting On Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, March 2005. 
  • Introduction to a Special Issue of the Journal of Immunological Methods: Building global resource programs to support HIV/AIDS clinical trial studies. 
  • Investigation of new psychophysical measures for evaluation of similar images on thoracic computed tomography for distinction between benign and malignant nodules. 
  • Investigation of psychophysical measure for evaluation of similar images for mammographic masses: preliminary results. 
  • Investigation of psychophysical similarity measures for selection of similar images in the diagnosis of clustered microcalcifications on mammograms. 
  • Is it possible to differentiate between Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction? 
  • Is there a 'regressive phenotype' of Autism Spectrum Disorder associated with the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine? A CPEA Study. 
  • Ischemic QRS prolongation as a biomarker of severe myocardial ischemia. 
  • Issues of diagnostic review in brain tumor studies: from the Brain Tumor Epidemiology Consortium. 
  • Lack of association between patients' measured burden of disease and risk for hospital readmission. 
  • Large-scale evaluation of automated clinical note de-identification and its impact on information extraction. 
  • Left ventricular myocardial performance index change for detection of acute cellular rejection in pediatric heart transplantation. 
  • Leukopak PBMC sample processing for preparing quality control material to support proficiency testing programs. 
  • Liver MR imaging: comparison of respiratory triggered fast spin echo with T2-weighted spin-echo and inversion recovery. 
  • Liver metastases: improved detection with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging? 
  • Localization of pacing and defibrillator leads using standard x-ray views is frequently inaccurate and is not reproducible. 
  • Long-term behavioral assessment of guinea pigs following neonatal pneumoperitoneum. 
  • Lossy (15:1) JPEG compression of digital coronary angiograms does not limit detection of subtle morphological features. 
  • Low-dose spiral CT: application to surface-rendered three-dimensional imaging of central airways. 
  • Lower Bone Density on Preoperative Computed Tomography Predicts Periprosthetic Fracture Risk in Total Ankle Arthroplasty. 
  • Lung cancer screening with CT: evaluation of radiologists and different computer assisted detection software (CAD) as first and second readers for lung nodule detection at different dose levels. 
  • Lung cancer screening, overdiagnosis bias, and reevaluation of the Mayo Lung Project. 
  • Lung nodule detection in pediatric chest CT: quantitative relationship between image quality and radiologist performance. 
  • MR imaging in adenocarcinoma of the prostate: interobserver variation and efficacy for determining stage C disease. 
  • MR-PET co-registration in upper abdominal imaging: quantitative comparison of two different T1-weighted gradient echo sequences: initial observations. 
  • MR-PET evaluation of 1-month post-ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary observations. 
  • MRI abnormalities following febrile status epilepticus in children: the FEBSTAT study. 
  • Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic floor in the postpartum patient. 
  • Making sense of informant disagreement for overanxious disorder. 
  • Mass detection on mammograms: influence of signal shape uncertainty on human and model observers. 
  • Mean of the ten largest nucleoli, microcirculation architecture, and prognosis of ciliochoroidal melanomas. 
  • Measurement of Scapular Asymmetry and Assessment of Shoulder Dysfunction Using the Lateral Scapular Slide Test: A Reliability and Validity Study. 
  • Measurement of lumbar lordosis: inter-rater reliability, minimum detectable change and longitudinal variation. 
  • Measurement of polyethylene wear in cementless total hip arthroplasty. 
  • Measurement of the transverse cerebellar diameter in preterm neonates and its use in assessment of gestational age. 
  • Micro-computed tomography in murine models of cerebral cavernous malformations as a paradigm for brain disease. 
  • Mitral flow propagation velocity identifies patients with abnormal diastolic function during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. 
  • Morphologic characterization of syndromic gastric polyps. 
  • Multicenter randomized controlled trial on Duration of Therapy for Thrombosis in Children and Young Adults (the Kids-DOTT trial): pilot/feasibility phase findings. 
  • Multirater agreement of arthroscopic grading of knee articular cartilage. 
  • Multirater agreement of arthroscopic meniscal lesions. 
  • Natural history of androgenetic alopecia. 
  • Near-Infrared Reflectance Imaging for Quantification of Atrophy Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. 
  • Novel Image-Based Analysis for Reduction of Clinician-Dependent Variability in Measurement of the Corneal Ulcer Size. 
  • Novel association of smaller anterior chamber width with angle closure in Singaporeans. 
  • Nursing care and the development of sleeping and waking behaviors in preterm infants. 
  • Objective Assessment of the Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity Using Three-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetry: Severity and Outcome. 
  • Objective assessment of mastoidectomy skills in the operating room. 
  • Objective assessment of vaginal surgical skills. 
  • Objective structured assessment of technical skills for repair of fourth-degree perineal lacerations. 
  • Observational Assessment of Preschool Disruptive Behavior, Part II: validity of the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule (DB-DOS). 
  • Observer agreement of spine stenosis on magnetic resonance imaging analysis of patients with cervical spine myelopathy. 
  • Observer detection limits for a dedicated SPECT breast imaging system. 
  • Observer evaluation of scatter subtraction for digital portable chest radiographs. 
  • Observer variability in assessing articular surface displacement in acetabular fractures using a standardized measurement technique. 
  • Observer variability in assessing lumbar spinal stenosis severity on magnetic resonance imaging and its relation to cross-sectional spinal canal area. 
  • Observer variability of Osler's maneuver in detection of pseudohypertension. 
  • Observer variation in equine abdominal auscultation. 
  • Obstetric Ultrasound Efficiency and Accuracy Using a Protocol-Based Examination. 
  • Ocular tear film bubble counts after recreational compressed air diving. 
  • Optical coherence tomography grading reproducibility during the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials. 
  • Optical coherence tomography reader agreement in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Optimal timing and diagnostic adequacy of hepatocyte phase imaging with gadoxetate-enhanced liver MRI. 
  • Optimal visual perception and detection of oral cavity neoplasia. 
  • Optimization and validation of a neutralizing antibody assay for HIV-1 in A3R5 cells. 
  • Optimization and validation of the TZM-bl assay for standardized assessments of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. 
  • Optimizing fast spin echo acquisitions for hepatic imaging in normal subjects. 
  • Osteoarthritis Classification Scales: Interobserver Reliability and Arthroscopic Correlation. 
  • Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum: reliability of four classification systems using radiographs and computed tomography. 
  • Overall concordance correlation coefficient for evaluating agreement among multiple observers. 
  • PACS in sonography: accuracy of interpretation using film compared with monitor display. Picture archiving and communication systems. 
  • PET and PET/CT reports: observations from the National Oncologic PET Registry. 
  • Pain assessment and treatment disparities: a virtual human technology investigation. 
  • Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm size using CT volumetry, spherical and ellipsoid formulas: validation study. 
  • Parent versus teacher ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS). 
  • Parents' and teachers' concordance with children's self-ratings of suicidality: findings from a high-risk sample. 
  • Peak CKMB and cTnT accurately estimates myocardial infarct size after reperfusion. 
  • Performance assessment for radiologists interpreting screening mammography. 
  • Performance characteristics of vibration-controlled transient elastography for evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 
  • Performance of angiographic, electrocardiographic and MRI methods to assess the area at risk in acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Persistent and reversible cardiac dysfunction among amateur marathon runners. 
  • Point-of-Care Ultrasound Abnormalities in Late-Onset Severe Preeclampsia: Prevalence and Association With Serum Albumin and Brain Natriuretic Peptide. 
  • Potential Use of American College of Radiology BI-RADS Mammography Atlas for Reporting and Assessing Lesions Detected on Dedicated Breast CT Imaging: Preliminary Study. 
  • Precision and accuracy of a transportable dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry unit for bone mineral measurements in guinea pigs. 
  • Predicting Injury in Professional Baseball Pitchers From Delivery Mechanics: A Statistical Model Using Quantitative Video Analysis. 
  • Predicting error in detecting mammographic masses among radiology trainees using statistical models based on BI-RADS features. 
  • Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Patients Referred for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 
  • Prevalence of manual Strauss LBBB criteria in patients diagnosed with the automated Glasgow LBBB criteria. 
  • Prevalence of rupture of silicone gel breast implants revealed on MR imaging in a population of women in Birmingham, Alabama. 
  • Prevalence of symptomatic diastolic heart failure in patients hospitalized with cerebral or peripheral vascular disease. 
  • Primary care clinicians' performance for detecting actinic keratoses and skin cancer. 
  • Prognostic value and reproducibility of koilocytosis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 
  • Psychiatric diagnostic interviews for children and adolescents: a comparative study. 
  • Pulmonary abnormalities and PET data analysis: a retrospective study. 
  • Pulmonary angiography with MR imaging: preliminary clinical experience. 
  • Pulmonary nodules: computer-aided detection in digital chest images. 
  • Pulmonary venous wedge pressure provides a safe and accurate estimate of pulmonary arterial pressure in children with shunt-dependent pulmonary blood flow. 
  • Quality Improvement Implementation: Improving Reproducibility in the Echocardiography Laboratory. 
  • Quantification of Ellipsoid Zone Changes in Retinitis Pigmentosa Using en Face Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography. 
  • Quantification of condylar resorption in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. 
  • Quantification of intravenous contrast-enhanced Doppler power spectrum in the rabbit carotid artery. 
  • Quantitation and physiological characterization of angiogenic vessels in mice: effect of basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, and host microenvironment. 
  • Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping at 3 T and 1.5 T: Evaluation of Consistency and Reproducibility. 
  • Quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized 129Xe ventilation imaging in healthy volunteers and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
  • Quantitative comparison and evaluation of software packages for assessment of abdominal adipose tissue distribution by magnetic resonance imaging. 
  • Quantitative comparison of drusen segmented on SD-OCT versus drusen delineated on color fundus photographs. 
  • Quantitative computerized analysis of diffuse lung disease in high-resolution computed tomography. 
  • Radial artery pulse pressure variation correlates with brachial artery peak velocity variation in ventilated subjects when measured by internal medicine residents using hand-carried ultrasound devices. 
  • Radiogenomics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: preliminary findings of The Cancer Genome Atlas-Renal Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-RCC) Imaging Research Group. 
  • Radiographic diagnosis of scapholunate dissociation among intra-articular fractures of the distal radius: interobserver reliability. 
  • Radiographic loss of contact between radial head fracture fragments is moderately reliable. 
  • Radiologists' agreement when using a 10-point scale to report abdominal radiographic findings of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants. 
  • Radiologists' performance for differentiating benign from malignant lung nodules on high-resolution CT using computer-estimated likelihood of malignancy. 
  • Radiology resident mammography training: interpretation difficulty and error-making patterns. 
  • Rationale and Technique for Measuring Abdominal Wall Tension in Hernia Repair. 
  • Reader technique as a source of variability in determining malaria parasite density by microscopy. 
  • Real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography evaluation of congenital heart disease. 
  • Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for determining right ventricular stroke volume in an animal model of chronic right ventricular volume overload. 
  • Reevaluating Order Effects in the Binaural Bithermal Caloric Test. 
  • Reference ranges for the linear dimensions of the intracranial ventricles in preterm neonates. 
  • Refinement and interobserver agreement for the electrocardiographic Sclarovsky-Birnbaum Ischemia Grading System. 
  • Regarding workload and error rates in anatomic pathology. 
  • Regurgitant jet size by transesophageal compared with transthoracic Doppler color flow imaging. 
  • Relationships between age, blood pressure, and retinal vessel diameters in an older population. 
  • Reliability and accuracy of dermatologists' clinic-based and digital image consultations. 
  • Reliability and agreement of urodynamics interpretations in a female pelvic medicine center. 
  • Reliability and convergent validity of two outcome instruments for pemphigus. 
  • Reliability and criterion validity of two applications of the iPhone™ to measure cervical range of motion in healthy participants. 
  • Reliability and reproducibility of radiographic interpretation of proximal humeral fracture pathoanatomy. 
  • Reliability and reproducibility of retinal oxygen saturation measurements using a predefined peri-papillary annulus. 
  • Reliability and validity of the TIMPSI for infants with spinal muscular atrophy type I. 
  • Reliability assessment of a novel cervical spine deformity classification system. 
  • Reliability of CXR for the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 
  • Reliability of a modified medication appropriateness index in ambulatory older persons. 
  • Reliability of alternative trunk endurance testing procedures using clinician stabilization vs. traditional methods. 
  • Reliability of computer-assisted retinal vessel measurementin a population. 
  • Reliability of different image analysis methods for scanning laser Doppler flowmetry. 
  • Reliability of drug utilization evaluation as an assessment of medication appropriateness. 
  • Reliability of early postoperative radiographic assessment of tunnel placement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 
  • Reliability of mutagen sensitivity assay: an inter-laboratory comparison. 
  • Reliability of radiographic assessment of acromial morphology. 
  • Reliability of retinal photography in the assessment of retinal microvascular characteristics: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. 
  • Reliability of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Extension to non-neurologists in the context of a clinical trial. 
  • Reliability of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in use with memory-impaired patients. 
  • Reliability of the modified Rankin Scale across multiple raters: benefits of a structured interview. 
  • Reliability of the triple-timed up-and-go test. 
  • Reliability of tunnel measurements and the quadrant method using fluoroscopic radiographs after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. 
  • Repeatability and reproducibility of Goldmann applanation, dynamic contour, and ocular response analyzer tonometry. 
  • Repeatability and reproducibility of optic nerve head topography using the retinal thickness analyzer. 
  • Repeatability of corneal parameters with Pentacam after laser in situ keratomileusis. 
  • Reported activities of daily living: agreement between elderly subjects with and without dementia and their caregivers. 
  • Reproducibility and Feasibility of Strategies for Morphologic Assessment of Renal Biopsies Using the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Digital Pathology Scoring System. 
  • Reproducibility of Left Ventricular Dimension Versus Area Versus Volume Measurements in Pediatric Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy. 
  • Reproducibility of histopathological subtypes and invasion in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. An international interobserver study. 
  • Respiratory-gated noncontrast SPACE MR angiography sequence at 3T for evaluation of the central veins of the chest: a feasibility study. 
  • Retrospective assessment of initial stroke severity with the Canadian Neurological Scale. 
  • Retrospective assessment of initial stroke severity: comparison of the NIH Stroke Scale and the Canadian Neurological Scale. 
  • Retrospective assessment of the utility of an iron-based agent for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance venography in patients with endstage renal diseases. 
  • Right coronary wall CMR in the older asymptomatic advance cohort: positive remodeling and associations with type 2 diabetes and coronary calcium. 
  • Rim-rent tear of the rotator cuff: a common and easily overlooked partial tear. 
  • Safety and Efficacy of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT for Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors. 
  • Sampling distributions of p(pos) and p(neg). 
  • Scapula fractures: interobserver reliability of classification and treatment. 
  • Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS-PL) for the assessment of preschool children--a preliminary psychometric study. 
  • Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab adult spinal deformity classification: a validation study. 
  • Segmentation and quantification of pulmonary artery for noninvasive CT assessment of sickle cell secondary pulmonary hypertension. 
  • Selective Thoracic Fusion of Lenke I and II Curves Affects Sagittal Profiles But Not Sagittal or Spinopelvic Alignment: A Case-Control Study. 
  • Selvester QRS scoring in conduction abnormalitites: Caution recommended due to recent findings. 
  • Selvester scoring in patients with strict LBBB using the QUARESS software. 
  • Semiautomated image processing method for identification and quantification of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Semiautomated segmentation of blood vessels using ellipse-overlap criteria: method and comparison to manual editing. 
  • Setting objective thresholds for rare event detection in flow cytometry. 
  • Severin classification system for evaluation of the results of operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. A study of intraobserver and interobserver reliability. 
  • Sex differences in pain anchors revisited: further investigation of "most intense" and common pain events. 
  • Single-leg-stance (flamingo) radiographs to assess pelvic instability: how much motion is normal? 
  • Social status predicts wound healing in wild baboons. 
  • Sonographic Detection of Extracapsular Extension in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. 
  • Sonographic measurement of renal length in children: does the position of the patient matter? 
  • Sonography of fetal choroid plexus cysts: detection depends on cyst size and gestational age. 
  • Sonography of solid breast lesions: observer variability of lesion description and assessment. 
  • Sources of variability in determining malaria parasite density by microscopy. 
  • Sources of variability in quantification of cardiovascular magnetic resonance infarct size - reproducibility among three core laboratories. 
  • Specificity for each of the 46 criteria of the Selvester QRS score for electrocardiographic myocardial scar sizing in left bundle branch block. 
  • Spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging of geographic atrophy margins. 
  • Spinal instability neoplastic score: an analysis of reliability and validity from the spine oncology study group. 
  • Spiral CT of renal artery stenosis: comparison of three-dimensional rendering techniques. 
  • Stability and reproducibility of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. 
  • Standardization and validation of a novel and simple method to assess lumbar dural sac size. 
  • Statistical methods for the assessment of EQAPOL proficiency testing: ELISpot, Luminex, and Flow Cytometry. 
  • Store-and-forward teledermatology results in similar clinical outcomes to conventional clinic-based care. 
  • Strategic lessons from the clinical event classification process for the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX-AMI) trial. 
  • Stroke care: a method for measuring compliance with AHCPR guidelines. 
  • Subclassification of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder: a questionnaire based on Wing's subgrouping scheme. 
  • Subjective Assessment of Videofluoroscopic Swallow Studies. 
  • Subjective rating of cosmetic treatment with botulinum toxin type A: do existing measures demonstrate interobserver validity? 
  • Subjective similarity of patterns of diffuse interstitial lung disease on thin-section CT: an observer performance study. 
  • Substantial postoperative pain is common among children undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. 
  • Subtle lung nodules: influence of local anatomic variations on detection. 
  • Surgeon reliability in rating physical deformity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 
  • Synergy of MDCT and cine MRI for the evaluation of cardiac motility. 
  • Systematic social observation of children's neighborhoods using Google Street View: a reliable and cost-effective method. 
  • T2 hyperintensity of medial lemniscus is an indicator of small-vessel disease. 
  • Teacher awareness of anxiety symptoms in children. 
  • Teledermatology research review. 
  • Teledermatology. 
  • Teleophthalmic Approach for Detection of Corneal Diseases: Accuracy and Reliability. 
  • Temporoparietal hypometabolism in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and associated imaging diagnostic errors. 
  • Test-Retest Reliability of the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment (PAPA). 
  • Testing parallel laser image scaling for remotely measuring body dimensions on mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata). 
  • Testing the reliability and validity of DSM-IV-TR and ICSD-2 insomnia diagnoses. Results of a multitrait-multimethod analysis. 
  • The Arthroscopic Surgical Skill Evaluation Tool (ASSET). 
  • The Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) multi-site quality assurance program for cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 
  • The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part III. Reliability of a standardized MRI evaluation of Alzheimer's disease. 
  • The Cutaneous Assessment Tool: development and reliability in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. 
  • The Emergency Department Sickle Cell Assessment of Needs and Strengths (ED-SCANS): reliability and validity. 
  • The External Quality Assurance Oversight Laboratory (EQAPOL) proficiency program for IFN-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (IFN-γ ELISpot) assay. 
  • The HIT Expert Probability (HEP) Score: a novel pre-test probability model for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia based on broad expert opinion. 
  • The Immunology Quality Assessment Proficiency Testing Program for CD3⁺4⁺ and CD3⁺8⁺ lymphocyte subsets: a ten year review via longitudinal mixed effects modeling. 
  • The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study: evaluation of cataract morphology in eyes with monocular cataracts. 
  • The N-terminal Pro-BNP investigation of dyspnea in the emergency department (PRIDE) study. 
  • The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study: reproducibility of cup/disk ratio measurements over time at an optic disc reading center. 
  • The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS): development and psychometric properties. 
  • The Rational Clinical Examination. Does this patient have abnormal central venous pressure? 
  • The Value of Motion: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Are Correlated With Range of Motion in Total Ankle Replacement. 
  • The case for using the correction index obtained from chest radiography for evaluation of pectus excavatum. 
  • The complex relationship between pediatric cardiac surgical case volumes and mortality rates in a national clinical database. 
  • The comprehensive anatomical spinal osteotomy classification. 
  • The diagnosis of ovarian cancer by pathologists: how often do diagnoses by contributing pathologists agree with a panel of gynecologic pathologists? 
  • The diagnostic accuracy/efficacy of MRI in differentiating hepatic hemangiomas from metastatic colorectal/breast carcinoma: a multiple reader ROC analysis using a jackknife technique. 
  • The effect of dental artifacts, contrast media, and experience on interobserver contouring variations in head and neck anatomy. 
  • The efficacy of acute electroconvulsive therapy in atypical depression. 
  • The eight-item treatment-outcome post-traumatic stress disorder scale: a brief measure to assess treatment outcome in post-traumatic stress disorder. 
  • The evolving role of sonography in evaluating solid breast masses. 
  • The genetic and environmental contributions to oppositional defiant behavior: a multi-informant twin study. 
  • The impact of pathology review on treatment recommendations for patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 
  • The importance of fluorescein angiography in planning laser treatment of diabetic macular edema. 
  • The influence of history on interobserver agreement for diagnosing actinic keratoses and malignant skin lesions. 
  • The influence of increased ambient lighting on mass detection in mammograms. 
  • The influence of maternal stress and distress on disruptive behavior problems in boys. 
  • The limited reliability of the Ramsay scale. 
  • The prognostic value of tumor blood vessel morphology in primary uveal melanoma. 
  • The role of aggression in peer relations: an analysis of aggression episodes in boys' play groups. 
  • The time course of segmentation and cue-selectivity in the human visual cortex. 
  • The timing and influence of MRI on the management of patients with cervical facet dislocations remains highly variable: a survey of members of the Spine Trauma Study Group. 
  • The use of the Minimum Data Set to identify depression in the elderly. 
  • Third ventricle: size and appearance in normal fetuses through gestation. 
  • Three-dimensional analysis of cervical spine motion: reliability of a computer assisted magnetic tracking device compared to inclinometer. 
  • Three-dimensional assessment of vascular and perivascular characteristics in subjects with retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Three-dimensional echocardiographic measurement of left ventricular mass: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and two-dimensional echocardiographic determinations in man. 
  • Threshold perception performance with computed and screen-film radiography: implications for chest radiography. 
  • Time course of satisfaction of search. 
  • Time to get rid of the clock: intraobserver and interobserver reliability in determination of the o'clock position of the femoral tunnel in ACL reconstruction. 
  • Total long-term within-laboratory precision of cortisol, ferritin, thyroxine, free thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone assays based on a College of American Pathologists fresh frozen serum study: do available methods meet medical needs for precision? 
  • Toward development of a comprehensive external quality assurance program for polyfunctional intracellular cytokine staining assays. 
  • Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of native aortic valve area: utility of the double-envelope technique. 
  • Transesophageal echocardiography interpretation: a comparative analysis between cardiac anesthesiologists and primary echocardiographers. 
  • Treatment-related changes in objectively measured parenting behaviors in the multimodal treatment study of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 
  • Two-dimensional multiplanar and three-dimensional volume-rendered vascular CT in pancreatic carcinoma: interobserver agreement and comparison with standard helical techniques. 
  • Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. 
  • Unsuspected pulmonary embolism: prospective detection on routine helical CT scans. 
  • Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. 
  • Use of apparent diffusion coefficient values for diagnosis of pediatric posterior fossa tumors. 
  • Use of concordance correlation coefficient in objective and subjective assessment of limb function. 
  • Use of the ThinPrep method in bile duct brushings: analysis of morphologic parameters associated with malignancy and determination of interobserver reliability. 
  • Usefulness of apical area index to predict left ventricular thrombus in patients with systolic dysfunction: a novel index from cardiac magnetic resonance. 
  • Usefulness of temporal subtraction images for identification of interval changes in successive whole-body bone scans: JAFROC analysis of radiologists' performance. 
  • Using computer-extracted image features for modeling of error-making patterns in detection of mammographic masses among radiology residents. 
  • Utility of tissue Doppler and strain echocardiography in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. 
  • Vaginal rugae: measurement and significance. 
  • Validated System for Centralized Grading of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity (e-ROP) Study. 
  • Validation and clinical significance of the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale for assessment of muscle function in the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. 
  • Validation of cardiologists' decisions to initiate reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with electrocardiograms viewed on liquid crystal displays of cellular telephones. 
  • Validity of a new optic disc grading software for use in clinical and epidemiological research. 
  • Validity of pain behaviors in persons with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. 
  • Value of transthoracic echocardiography in predicting embolic events in active infective endocarditis. Duke Endocarditis Service. 
  • Vancouver Foot and Ankle WNS (Wound, Nerve, and Systemic) Classification System for Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery. 
  • Variability in Assessing Spinopelvic Parameters with Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae: Inter- and Intra-observer Reliability among Spine Surgeons. 
  • Variability in mammogram interpretation. 
  • Variability in the interpretation of screening mammograms by US radiologists. Findings from a national sample. 
  • Variability of the mini-mental state examination in dementia. 
  • Variation in the gross tumor volume and clinical target volume for preoperative radiotherapy of primary large high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity among RTOG sarcoma radiation oncologists. 
  • Variation in the use of stress testing and outcomes in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from GUSTO IIb. 
  • Ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy as a guide for pulmonary angiography in the localization of pulmonary emboli. 
  • Vestibular Assessment and Rehabilitation: Ten-Year Survey Trends of Audiologists' Opinions and Practice. 
  • Video training and certification program improves reliability of postischemic neurologic deficit measurement in the rat. 
  • Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: results of a randomized, double-blinded study. 
  • Visit-to-Visit Glycemic Variability and Risks of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: The ALLHAT Study. 
  • Visual assessment of angular response in medical liquid crystal displays. 
  • Weighted least-squares approach for comparing correlated kappa. 
  • Whole Breast Ultrasound: Comparison of the Visibility of Suspicious Lesions with Automated Breast Volumetric Scanning Versus Hand-Held Breast Ultrasound. 
  • Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). 
  • Worsening in Longitudinal Strain and Strain Rate Anticipates Development of Pediatric Transplant Coronary Artery Vasculopathy as Soon as One Year Following Transplant. 
  • X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets without "rickets". 
  • [Development of an image processing scheme for chest radiographs using a dot printer]. 
  • [Interobserver agreement in the assessment of pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiography in community-acquired pneumonia]. 
  • p16 Improves interobserver agreement in diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Berchuck, Andrew, James M. Ingram Distinguished Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology
  • Case, Laura Elizabeth, Associate Professor in Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedics, Physical Therapy
  • Charles, Hal Cecil, Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology
  • Colsher, James George, Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiology, Radiology
  • Craciunescu, Oana, Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology
  • Dodge, Kenneth A., William McDougall Distinguished Professor of Public Policy Studies, Duke Science & Society
  • Driehuys, Bastiaan, Professor of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Grambow, Steven C., Assistant Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Herndon II, James Emmett, Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Jowell, Paul Simon, Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology
  • Kim, Charles Yoon, Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology, Interventional Radiology
  • McLendon, Roger Edwin, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery
  • Muir, Kelly Walton, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Glaucoma
  • O'Connor, Christopher Michael, Richard Sean Stack, M.D. Distinguished Professor, Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology
  • O'Daniel, Jennifer Colleen, Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology
  • Olson, Steven Arthur, Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedics
  • Patz Jr., Edward F., James and Alice Chen Distinguished Professor of Radiology, Pathology
  • Preminger, Glenn Michael, James F. Glenn, M.D. Distinguished Professor of Urology, Surgery
  • Sampson, John Howard, Robert H., M.D. and Gloria Wilkins Professor of Neurosurgery, in the School of Medicine, Immunology
  • Sullivan, Daniel Carl, Professor Emeritus of Radiology, Radiology
  • Swaminathan, Madhav, Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic
  • Toth, Cynthia Ann, Joseph A.C. Wadsworth Distinguished Professor of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Weinhold, Kent James, Joseph W. and Dorothy W. Beard Distinguished Professor of Experimental Surgery, in the School of Medicine, Immunology