Causality

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A conceptual model of work and health disparities in the United States. 
  • A longitudinal study of the bi-directional relationship between tobacco smoking and psychological distress in a community sample of young Australian women. 
  • A process for sentinel case review to assess causal relationships between smallpox vaccination and adverse outcomes, 2003-2004. 
  • A smoke cloud of confusion. 
  • Addressing Extreme Propensity Scores via the Overlap Weights. 
  • Adherence and persistence in the use of warfarin after hospital discharge among patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation. 
  • Age, dose, and environmental temperature are risk factors for topiramate-related hyperthermia. 
  • Alzheimer's disease, anesthesia, and surgery: a clinically focused review. 
  • An Update on Surgical versus Expectant Management of Ovarian Endometriomas in Infertile Women. 
  • An association between the 4G polymorphism in the PAI-1 promoter and the development of aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumor) in familial adenomatous polyposis patients. 
  • Anastomotic leaks after colorectal anastomosis occurring more than 30 days postoperatively: a single-institution evaluation. 
  • Anemia and its impact on function in nursing home residents: what do we know? 
  • Antenatal Determinants of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Late Respiratory Disease in Preterm Infants. 
  • Antidiabetic therapies affect risk of pancreatic cancer. 
  • Antifungal therapy and its use in surgical treatment. 
  • Assessing the causal effect of organ transplantation on the distribution of residual lifetime. 
  • Assessment of Diastolic Function in Single-Ventricle Patients After the Fontan Procedure. 
  • Association between trauma exposure and smoking in a population-based sample of young adults. 
  • Association of hospice patients' income and care level with place of death. 
  • Atypical antipsychotics and pituitary neoplasms in the WHO database. 
  • Barriers to screening and intervention for ED patients at risk for undiagnosed or uncontrolled hypertension. 
  • Biliary sclerosis after hepatic arterial infusion pump chemotherapy for patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis: incidence, clinical features, and risk factors. 
  • Binge and purge behavior among adolescents: associations with sexual and physical abuse in a nationally representative sample: the Commonwealth Fund survey. 
  • Calcium antagonists and good results: association or causation? 
  • Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: putting together the pieces of the puzzle. 
  • Causal effects of cardiovascular risk factors on onset of major age-related diseases: A time-to-event Mendelian randomization study. 
  • Causal pie bingo! 
  • Causal structure and hierarchies of models. 
  • Character, Incidence, and Predictors of Knee Pain and Activity After Infrapatellar Intramedullary Nailing of an Isolated Tibia Fracture. 
  • Characteristics and Risk Factors of Cancer Associated Venous Thromboembolism. 
  • Childhood cancer survivors: an at-risk cohort for ankle osteonecrosis. 
  • Circulating vitamin D concentrations and risk of breast and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. 
  • Clopidogrel-associated TTP: an update of pharmacovigilance efforts conducted by independent researchers, pharmaceutical suppliers, and the Food and Drug Administration. 
  • Cognitive-behavioral screening reveals prevalent impairment in a large multicenter ALS cohort. 
  • Common causes of open-circuit recreational diving fatalities. 
  • Comorbidity of conduct and depressive problems at sixth grade: substance use outcomes across adolescence. 
  • Complications associated with minimally invasive decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis. 
  • Coping profiles common to older African American cancer survivors: relationships with quality of life. 
  • Current diagnosis and management of sinusitis. 
  • Dependence of confounding on the target population: a modification of causal graphs to account for co-action. 
  • Depression and poverty among rural women: a relationship of social causation or social selection? 
  • Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women in India. 
  • Development of a frailty measure for older adults: the frailty index for elders. 
  • Diabetes, Pancreatogenic Diabetes, and Pancreatic Cancer. 
  • Differences between depressed patients with heart failure and those with pulmonary disease. 
  • Disordered eating among adolescents: associations with sexual/physical abuse and other familial/psychosocial factors. 
  • Do restraints prevent falls? 
  • Doubly robust estimation of causal effects. 
  • Eating yourself to a stroke? 
  • Economic causes and consequences of obesity. 
  • Effects of alcohol consumption on disability among the near elderly: a longitudinal analysis. 
  • Exploratory quantile regression with many covariates: an application to adverse birth outcomes. 
  • Exploring the causal machinery behind sex ratios at birth: does hepatitis B play a role? 
  • Febrile convulsions and mesial temporal sclerosis. 
  • Frequency of stent thrombosis after acute coronary syndromes (from the SYMPHONY and 2nd SYMPHONY trials). 
  • From correlates to causes: can quasi-experimental studies and statistical innovations bring us closer to identifying the causes of antisocial behavior? 
  • From statistical associations to causation: what developmentalists can learn from instrumental variables techniques coupled with experimental data. 
  • Gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to coronary artery disease. 
  • Health care--associated bloodstream infections in adults: a reason to change the accepted definition of community-acquired infections. 
  • Health, nutrition and prosperity: a microeconomic perspective. 
  • Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa. 
  • Hemorrhagic stroke in the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels study. 
  • High mortality in surgical patients with do-not-resuscitate orders: analysis of 8256 patients. 
  • History of infection before the onset of juvenile dermatomyositis: results from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Research Registry. 
  • Hormone replacement therapy and ischemic stroke severity in women: a case-control study. 
  • Impact of Obesity on Complications and 30-Day Readmission Rates After Cranial Surgery: A Single-Institutional Study of 224 Consecutive Craniotomy/Craniectomy Procedures. 
  • Implications of M bias in epidemiologic studies: a simulation study. 
  • Inflammation and ischaemic stroke. 
  • Influence of smoking history on imaging characteristics among patients with human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer: a blinded matched-pair analysis. 
  • Instrumental variable estimation of causal odds ratios using structural nested mean models. 
  • Invited commentary. 
  • Invited commentary: positivity in practice. 
  • Is epigenetic inheritance a counterexample to the central dogma? 
  • Is it important to prevent early exposure to drugs and alcohol among adolescents? 
  • Job stress and preeclampsia. 
  • Leveraging prior information to detect causal variants via multi-variant regression. 
  • Marginal structural models for analyzing causal effects of time-dependent treatments: an application in perinatal epidemiology. 
  • Maternal metabolic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder-An analysis of electronic medical records and linked birth data. 
  • Medical comorbidity and alcohol dependence. 
  • Medical therapy for rheumatic heart disease: is it time to be proactive rather than reactive? 
  • Modeling adverse birth outcomes via confirmatory factor quantile regression. 
  • NCCN practice guidelines for pancreatic cancer. 
  • Neural tube defects and herbal medicines containing lead: a possible relationship. 
  • Obesity among those with mental disorders: a National Institute of Mental Health meeting report. 
  • Osteoporosis and depression: shedding more light upon a complex relationship. 
  • Outcomes and complications following spinous process fixation: a single-center analysis of 192 cases. 
  • Outcomes of older cognitively impaired individuals with current and past depression in the NCODE study. 
  • Patient-related predictors of rehabilitation use for community-dwelling older Americans. 
  • Patterns in blood pressure medication use in US incident dialysis patients over the first 6 months. 
  • Patterns of Mechanical Inefficiency in Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Their Relation to Left Ventricular Function and Clinical Outcomes. 
  • Plasmodium falciparum, anaemia and cognitive and educational performance among school children in an area of moderate malaria transmission: baseline results of a cluster randomized trial on the coast of Kenya. 
  • Polydesigns and causal inference. 
  • Polygenic effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms on life span: when association meets causality. 
  • Postintervention Patency Rates and Predictors of Patency after Percutaneous Interventions on Intragraft Stenoses within Failing Prosthetic Arteriovenous Grafts. 
  • Postpartum hemorrhage: a plan of attack. 
  • Potential sensitivity of bias analysis results to incorrect assumptions of nondifferential or differential binary exposure misclassification. 
  • Pre-hospital electrocardiographic severity and acuteness scores predict left ventricular function in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. 
  • Predictors of pain experienced by women during percutaneous imaging-guided breast biopsies. 
  • Prevalence of abuse and intimate partner violence surgical evaluation (PRAISE) in orthopaedic fracture clinics: a multinational prevalence study. 
  • Prevalence of acute cardiac disorders in patients with suspected ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-significant coronary artery disease. 
  • Propensity Score-Based Estimators With Multiple Error-Prone Covariates. 
  • Psychological and cognitive outcomes of a randomized trial of exercise among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
  • Pulmonary mucormycosis: results of medical and surgical therapy. 
  • Religious service attendance and major depression: a case of reverse causality? 
  • Retinal microvascular signs and risk of stroke and stroke mortality. 
  • Retinal vascular caliber and extracranial carotid disease in patients with acute ischemic stroke: the Multi-Centre Retinal Stroke (MCRS) study. 
  • Retinopathy of prematurity: the disease process, classifications, screening, treatment, and outcomes. 
  • Risk factors for prosthesis failure in pulmonary valve replacement. 
  • Role of echocardiography in evaluation of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: experience in 103 patients. 
  • Safety of an intercostal approach for imaging-guided percutaneous drainage of subdiaphragmatic abscesses. 
  • Sample size determination for jointly testing a cause-specific hazard and the all-cause hazard in the presence of competing risks. 
  • Simple Factors Associated With Radiation-Induced Lung Toxicity After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy of the Thorax: A Pooled Analysis of 88 Studies. 
  • Simultaneous record linkage and causal inference with propensity score subclassification. 
  • Sural neuropathy: etiologies and predisposing factors. 
  • Systematic reviews of workplace injury interventions: what are we missing? 
  • T2 hyperintensity of medial lemniscus is an indicator of small-vessel disease. 
  • The Origins of Cognitive Deficits in Victimized Children: Implications for Neuroscientists and Clinicians. 
  • The clinical implications of hypophosphatemia following major hepatic resection or cryosurgery. 
  • The life stress paradigm and psychological distress. 
  • The moderating effects of children's fear and activity level on relations between parenting practices and childhood symptomatology. 
  • The pain experience of Hispanic patients with cancer in the United States. 
  • Thiazide use is associated with reduced risk for incident lower extremity fractures in men with spinal cord injury. 
  • Treatment outcomes of necrotizing enterocolitis for preterm infants. 
  • Trends in anemia management in US hemodialysis patients 2004-2010. 
  • Tunneled internal jugular hemodialysis catheters: impact of laterality and tip position on catheter dysfunction and infection rates. 
  • Understanding confounding and mediation. 
  • Unobserved time effects confound the identification of climate change impacts. 
  • Using sex differences in psychopathology to study causal mechanisms: unifying issues and research strategies. 
  • Utility of screening for other causes of infertility in women with "known" polycystic ovary syndrome. 
  • Validity of an observation method for assessing pain behavior in individuals with multiple sclerosis. 
  • Vascular risk factors for incident Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: the Cache County study. 
  • [Computer programs SAN and EPID: family analysis and epidemiology of multifactorial diseases] 
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  Keywords of People

  • Dement, John McCray, Professor Emeritus in Family Medicine and Community Health, Family Medicine & Community Health,Occupational & Environmental Medicine
  • Reiter, Jerome P., Professor of Statistical Science, Duke University Energy Initiative
  • Swaminathan, Madhav, Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic