Confidence Intervals

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Not too far to walk": the influence of distance on place of delivery in a western Kenya health demographic surveillance system. 
  • A Bayesian method for synthesizing evidence. The Confidence Profile Method. 
  • A claims data approach to defining an episode of care. 
  • A claims database analysis of persistence with alendronate therapy and fracture risk in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. 
  • A comparison of the postdeployment hospitalization experience of U.S. military personnel following service in the 1991 Gulf War, Southwest Asia after the Gulf War, and Bosnia. 
  • A comparison of two methods of estimating a common risk difference in a stratified analysis of a multicenter clinical trial. 
  • A composite index for predicting readmission following emergency general surgery. 
  • A confidence ellipse for the Net Reclassification Improvement. 
  • A genome-wide association study identifies a new ovarian cancer susceptibility locus on 9p22.2. 
  • A high ratio of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. 
  • A hypertension risk score for middle-aged and older adults. 
  • A meta-analysis of four genome-wide association studies of survival to age 90 years or older: the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium. 
  • A note on statistical methods for assessing therapeutic equivalence. 
  • A practical approach for comparing means of two groups without equal variance assumption. 
  • A prospective study of modified Ottawa ankle rules in a military population. Interobserver agreement between physical therapists and orthopaedic surgeons. 
  • A randomized comparison of home uterine activity monitoring in the outpatient management of women treated for preterm labor. 
  • A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of CouPLES: a spouse-assisted lifestyle change intervention to improve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 
  • A randomized trial to compare intravenous and oral etoposide in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of small cell lung cancer. 
  • A randomized, double-blind study of triple nucleoside therapy of abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine versus lamivudine and zidovudine in previously treated human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children. The CNAA3006 Study Team. 
  • A risk score to predict bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes. 
  • A standardized definition of ischemic cardiomyopathy for use in clinical research. 
  • A tailored intervention to aid decision-making about hormone replacement therapy. 
  • A weighted generalized score statistic for comparison of predictive values of diagnostic tests. 
  • Access to routine care and risks for 30-day readmission in patients with cardiovascular disease. 
  • Addiction, drinking behavior, and driving under the influence. 
  • Adjusting for misclassification in a stratified biomarker clinical trial. 
  • Adjuvant hormonal therapy use among women with ductal carcinoma in situ. 
  • Age at menarche, time to regular cycling, and breast cancer (North Carolina, United States). 
  • Age- and gender-related differences in quality of care and outcomes of patients hospitalized with heart failure (from OPTIMIZE-HF). 
  • Aggressive versus conservative initiation of antimicrobial treatment in critically ill surgical patients with suspected intensive-care-unit-acquired infection: a quasi-experimental, before and after observational cohort study. 
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 genotype is not associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and pharynx. 
  • An examination of the dental utilization practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. 
  • An observation unit may help improve an institution's Press Ganey satisfaction score. 
  • Androgen receptor mutations in androgen-independent prostate cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9663. 
  • Anemia and mortality in heart failure patients a systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Antidiabetic therapies affect risk of pancreatic cancer. 
  • Antimüllerian hormone as a predictor of natural fecundability in women aged 30-42 years. 
  • Aortic aneurysmal disease: assessment of stent-graft treatment-CT versus conventional angiography. 
  • Apolipoprotein E genotype and mortality: findings from the Cache County Study. 
  • Apolipoprotein E genotype determines survival in the oldest old (85 years or older) who have good cognition. 
  • Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele interacts with sex and cognitive status to influence all-cause and cause-specific mortality in U.S. older adults. 
  • Aspirin for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas: meta-analysis of the randomized trials. 
  • Assessing individual agreement. 
  • Assessing trauma, substance abuse, and mental health in a sample of homeless men. 
  • Assessment of activity status and survival according to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina classification. 
  • Assessment of the Clinical Utility of Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing in Elderly Patients. 
  • Association between blood lead and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
  • Association between body mass index and chronic kidney disease in men and women: population-based study of Malay adults in Singapore. 
  • Association between elevated blood glucose and outcome in acute heart failure: results from an international observational cohort. 
  • Association between frequency of atrial and ventricular ectopic beats and biventricular pacing percentage and outcomes in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy. 
  • Association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and invasive breast cancer and carcinoma in situ of the breast. 
  • Association of Common Genetic Polymorphisms with Melanoma Patient IL-12p40 Blood Levels, Risk, and Outcomes. 
  • Associations between anthropometry, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. 
  • Associations between physical activity and postpartum depressive symptoms. 
  • Associations between the metabolic syndrome and retinal microvascular signs: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities study. 
  • Attention to inpatients' religious and spiritual concerns: predictors and association with patient satisfaction. 
  • BMI and retinal vascular caliber in children. 
  • Baseline metabolomic profiles predict cardiovascular events in patients at risk for coronary artery disease. 
  • Biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouacil through dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibition: a Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial of eniluracil and 5-fluorouracil in advanced resistant colorectal cancer. 
  • Breast and ovarian cancer risk and risk reduction in Jewish BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. 
  • Breast cancer occurred after treatment for Hodgkin's disease: analysis of 133 cases. 
  • Breastfeeding and bloody diarrhoea in young children in Ibadan, Nigeria. 
  • Burden of illness in Parkinson's disease. 
  • Cancer control after low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy performed by a multidisciplinary team with no previous prostate brachytherapy experience. 
  • Cancer yield of mammography, MR, and US in high-risk women: prospective multi-institution breast cancer screening study. 
  • Carboplatin and vinblastine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study. 
  • Cardiac surgery in infants with low birth weight is associated with increased mortality: analysis of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Database. 
  • Cardiovascular risk factors in adult survivors of pediatric cancer--a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. 
  • Center variation in patient age and weight at Fontan operation and impact on postoperative outcomes. 
  • Characteristics associated with swallowing changes after concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. 
  • Choice of exposure scores for categorical regression in meta-analysis: a case study of a common problem. 
  • Chronic Conditions and Utility-Based Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Childhood Cancer Survivors. 
  • Cigarette smoking and epithelial ovarian cancer by histologic type. 
  • Cigarette smoking, glutathione-s-transferase M1 and t1 genetic polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk (United States). 
  • Circulating Autoantibodies in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Recognize Human Macular Tissue Antigens Implicated in Autophagy, Immunomodulation, and Protection from Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. 
  • Clinical and angiographic outcomes with sirolimus-eluting stents in total coronary occlusions: the ACROSS/TOSCA-4 (Approaches to Chronic Occlusions With Sirolimus-Eluting Stents/Total Occlusion Study of Coronary Arteries-4) trial. 
  • Clinical carotid endarterectomy decision making: noninvasive vascular imaging versus angiography. 
  • Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized heart failure patients with systolic dysfunction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: findings from OPTIMIZE-HF. 
  • Clinical correlates and course of thrombocytopenia during percutaneous coronary intervention in the era of abciximab platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade. 
  • Clinical effectiveness of coronary stents in elderly persons: results from 262,700 Medicare patients in the American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 
  • Clinical significance of post-procedural TIMI flow in patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. 
  • Combinability of phylogenies and bootstrap confidence envelopes. 
  • Comfort in the last 2 weeks of life: relationship to accessing palliative care services. 
  • Comparative "nocebo effects" in older patients enrolled in cancer therapeutic trials: Observations from a 446-patient cohort. 
  • Comparative effectiveness of drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents in elderly patients undergoing revascularization of chronic total coronary occlusions: results from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry, 2005-2008. 
  • Comparison of bleeding and in-hospital mortality in Asian-Americans versus Caucasian-Americans with ST-elevation myocardial infarction receiving reperfusion therapy. 
  • Comparison of continuous ST-segment recovery analysis with methods using static electrocardiograms for noninvasive patency assessment during acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (TAMI) 7 Study Group. 
  • Comparison of low risk and higher risk profiles in middle age to frequency and quantity of coronary artery calcium years later. 
  • Comparison of medicine alone, coronary angioplasty, and left internal mammary artery-coronary artery bypass for one-vessel proximal left anterior descending coronary artery disease. 
  • Comparison of outcomes among moderate alcohol drinkers before acute myocardial infarction to effect of continued versus discontinuing alcohol intake after the infarct. 
  • Comparison of the use of medical resources and outcomes in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage between Canada and the United States. 
  • Compensation costs of work-related back disorders among union carpenters, Washington State 1989-2003. 
  • Complications and failures of subclavian-vein catheterization. 
  • Complications of hysterectomy in women with von Willebrand disease. 
  • Complications of total hip arthroplasty following solid organ transplantation. 
  • Computer programs for the concordance correlation coefficient. 
  • Confidence intervals and survival estimates: a systematic review of 3 oncology journals. 
  • Confidence intervals for cost-effectiveness ratios: a comparison of four methods. 
  • Confirmation of linkage of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy to chromosome 14q11.2-q13. 
  • Considering the base rates of low performance in cognitively healthy older adults improves the accuracy to identify neurocognitive impairment with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease-Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-NAB). 
  • Continued progress in the prevention of nail gun injuries among apprentice carpenters: what will it take to see wider spread injury reductions? 
  • Contribution of bleeding and thromboembolic events to in-hospital mortality among patients with thrombocytopenia treated with heparin. 
  • Coronary artery bypass graft failure after on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass: findings from PREVENT IV. 
  • Correlates of physical activity at two time points during pregnancy. 
  • Cost identification of abdominal aortic aneurysm imaging by using time and motion analyses. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of community-based strategies for blood pressure control in a low-income developing country: findings from a cluster-randomized, factorial-controlled trial. 
  • Cost-related nonadherence in the Medicare program: the impact of Part D. 
  • DNA repair capacity and lung cancer risk in never smokers. 
  • Deficits and variations in patients' experience with making 9 common medical decisions: the DECISIONS survey. 
  • Defining a cognitive function decrement in schizophrenia. 
  • Defining wound microbial flora: molecular microbiology opening new horizons. 
  • Depression and physical disability outcomes in depressed medically ill hospitalized older adults. 
  • Derivation of a clinical decision guide in the diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain. 
  • Detection of colonic polyps in a phantom model: implications for virtual colonoscopy data acquisition. 
  • Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women in India. 
  • Developmental antecedents of partner abuse: a prospective-longitudinal study. 
  • Diabetes mellitus in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Increased risk associated with radiation therapy: a report for the childhood cancer survivor study. 
  • Diabetes mellitus, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade, and heparin: evidence for a complex interaction in a multicenter trial. EPILOG Investigators. 
  • Diabetic retinopathy and risk of heart failure. 
  • Diagnostic accuracy of Fischer Senoscan Digital Mammography versus screen-film mammography in a diagnostic mammography population. 
  • Differences between black and white patients with cancer of the uterine corpus in interval from symptom recognition to initial medical consultation (United States). 
  • Differences between chest pain observation service patients and admitted "rule-out myocardial infarction" patients. 
  • Differences in history of sexual behavior between patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and patients with squamous cell carcinoma at other head and neck sites. 
  • Differences in self-reported oral health among community-dwelling black, Hispanic, and white elders. 
  • Direct comparison of conventional and computed radiography with a dual-image recording technique. 
  • Direct, progressive association of cardiovascular risk factors with incident proteinuria: results from the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) study. 
  • Discordant risk: overweight and cardiometabolic risk in Chinese adults. 
  • Discrimination and psychological distress: Does Whiteness matter for Arab Americans? 
  • Disease progression in hemodynamically stable patients presenting to the emergency department with sepsis. 
  • Disordered eating among adolescents with chronic illness and disability: the role of family and other social factors. 
  • Do clinicians tell patients they have prehypertension? 
  • Do the investigative sites that take part in a positive clinical trial translate that evidence into practice? 
  • Does antidepressant therapy improve cognition in elderly depressed patients? 
  • Dose escalation of oral vinorelbine in combination with estramustine in hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate. 
  • Dose-finding study of oral idarubicin and cyclophosphamide in first-line treatment of elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer. 
  • Dyspnea and pain frequently co-occur among Medicare managed care recipients. 
  • Early sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Effect of Algorithm-Based Therapy vs Usual Care on Clinical Success and Serious Adverse Events in Patients with Staphylococcal Bacteremia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Effect of UV-B phototherapy on plasma HIV type 1 RNA viral level: a self-controlled prospective study. 
  • Effect of esthetic outcome after breast-conserving surgery on psychosocial functioning and quality of life. 
  • Effect of hemoglobin target on progression of kidney disease: a secondary analysis of the CHOIR (Correction of Hemoglobin and Outcomes in Renal Insufficiency) trial. 
  • Effect of new disability subtype on 3-year mortality in Chinese older adults. 
  • Effect of oseltamivir on the risk of pneumonia and use of health care services in children with clinically diagnosed influenza. 
  • Effectiveness of involuntary outpatient commitment. 
  • Effects of age at first substance use and psychiatric comorbidity on the development of substance use disorders. 
  • Effects of legal mechanisms on perceived coercion and treatment adherence among persons with severe mental illness. 
  • Effects of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on infant anthropometric outcomes. 
  • Efficacy and safety of minimal dose (< or =1,000 units) unfractionated heparin with abciximab in percutaneous coronary intervention. 
  • Efficacy and safety of two unfractionated heparin dosing strategies with tenecteplase in acute myocardial infarction (results from Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimens 2 and 3). 
  • Efficacy of minocycline in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a phase III randomised trial. 
  • Elective primary cesarean delivery: attitudes of urogynecology and maternal-fetal medicine specialists. 
  • Emergency department visits in Veterans Affairs medical facilities. 
  • Endoglin gene polymorphism as a risk factor for sporadic intracerebral hemorrhage. 
  • Endometrial cancer: stage at diagnosis and associated factors in black and white patients. 
  • Engineered modular recombinant transporters: application of new platform for targeted radiotherapeutic agents to alpha-particle emitting 211 At. 
  • Enoxaparin in primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention A formal prospective nonrandomized substudy of the FINESSE trial (Facilitated INtervention with Enhanced Reperfusion Speed to Stop Events). 
  • Epithelial ovarian cancer risk among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. 
  • Estimation of evolutionary parameters using short, random and partial sequences from mixed samples of anonymous individuals. 
  • Evaluation of a method to reduce over-the-counter medication dosing error. 
  • Evaluation of preoperative hearing-in-noise protocol for osseointegrated hearing implants. 
  • Everolimus versus sunitinib for patients with metastatic non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ASPEN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 2 trial. 
  • Evidence of clinical practice heterogeneity in the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in heart failure and post-myocardial infarction left ventricular dysfunction: Findings from IMPROVE HF. 
  • Evidence-based urology in practice: P-values vs confidence intervals 
  • Factors associated with patient-recalled smoking cessation advice in a low-income clinic. 
  • Factors associated with repeat mammography screening. 
  • Factors associated with use of preoperative chemoradiation therapy for rectal cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. 
  • Factors determining the rate of referral, transplantation, and survival on dialysis in women with ESRD. 
  • Factors predicting prostatic biopsy Gleason sum under grading. 
  • Family-based case-control study of MAOA and MAOB polymorphisms in Parkinson disease. 
  • Fecal incontinence in US adults: epidemiology and risk factors. 
  • Frequency of anomalies and hospital outcomes in infants with gastroschisis and omphalocele. 
  • Functional polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the FAS and FAS ligand genes and risk of bladder cancer in south China: a case-control analysis. 
  • GRADE guidelines 6. Rating the quality of evidence--imprecision. 
  • Gait speed as an incremental predictor of mortality and major morbidity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. 
  • Gastroschisis: the effect of labor and ruptured membranes on neonatal outcome. 
  • Gender differences in partner violence in a birth cohort of 21-year-olds: bridging the gap between clinical and epidemiological approaches. 
  • Genetic polymorphisms of p21 are associated with risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
  • Genetic variants in microRNA-binding sites of DNA repair genes as predictors of recurrence in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. 
  • Genetic variants in p53-related genes confer susceptibility to second primary malignancy in patients with index squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. 
  • Genetic variants of the vitamin D receptor gene alter risk of cutaneous melanoma. 
  • Genetic variation in MDM2 and p14ARF and susceptibility to salivary gland carcinoma. 
  • Geographic variation in carotid revascularization among Medicare beneficiaries, 2003-2006. 
  • Germ-line mutations of the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene: association with prostate cancer risk in African-American men. 
  • Guideline-concordant antidepressant use among patients with major depressive disorder. 
  • HIV risk behaviors among inner-city African American women. 
  • Haplotypes of two variants in p16 (CDKN2/MTS-1/INK4a) exon 3 and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a case-control study. 
  • Healthy for now? A cross-sectional study of the comorbidities in obese preschool children in the United States. 
  • Hearing loss and incident dementia. 
  • Hemodynamic changes after protamine administration: association with mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. 
  • High stress responsivity predicts later blood pressure only in combination with positive family history and high life stress. 
  • Hormonal and reproductive risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a population-based, case-control study. 
  • Hormonal risk factors for ovarian cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. 
  • Hormone replacement therapy menopause with a better future--a survey of views on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). 
  • Hospital length of stay and clinical outcomes in older STEMI patients after primary PCI: a report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. 
  • Hypercholesterolemia and prostate cancer: a hospital-based case-control study. 
  • Hypertension, hypertension control, and chronic kidney disease in a Malay population in Singapore. 
  • INternational ORthopaedic MUlticentre Study (INORMUS) in Fracture Care: Protocol for a Large Prospective Observational Study. 
  • Impact of a chemoresponse assay on treatment costs for recurrent ovarian cancer. 
  • Impact of anemia on physical function and survival among patients with coronary artery disease. 
  • Impact of bleeding on mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention results from a patient-level pooled analysis of the REPLACE-2 (randomized evaluation of PCI linking angiomax to reduced clinical events), ACUITY (acute catheterization and urgent intervention triage strategy), and HORIZONS-AMI (harmonizing outcomes with revascularization and stents in acute myocardial infarction) trials. 
  • Impact of bleeding severity on clinical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes. 
  • Impact of loop electrosurgical excision procedure for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on HIV-1 genital shedding: a prospective cohort study. 
  • Impact of perioperative dexamethasone on postoperative analgesia and side-effects: systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • Impact of sex on long-term mortality from acute myocardial infarction vs unstable angina. 
  • Impact of thienopyridine administration prior to primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Impact of tissue plasminogen activator and heparin versus heparin alone on quantitative coronary angiographic findings in myocardial infarction. The Toronto Tissue Plasminogen Activator Trial Study Group. 
  • Impairment of activities of daily living and incident heart failure in community-dwelling older adults. 
  • Implications of periaortic hematoma in patients with acute aortic dissection (from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection). 
  • Improving the detection of pressure ulcers using the TMI ImageMed system. 
  • In vitro resistance to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from endocarditis patients correlates with an intravascular device source. 
  • In vitro sensitivity to ultraviolet B light and skin cancer risk: a case-control analysis. 
  • Inappropriate drug use among community-dwelling elderly. 
  • Incidence and impact on outcome of streptokinase allergy in the GUSTO-I trial. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA in Occluded Coronary Arteries. 
  • Incidence and outcomes of no-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention among patients with acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Incidence and risk factors for surgical intervention after uterine artery embolization. 
  • Incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging of children with sickle cell disease. 
  • Incomplete revascularization in the era of drug-eluting stents: impact on adverse outcomes. 
  • Increased mortality at low-volume orthotopic heart transplantation centers: should current standards change? 
  • Increasing trends in incidence of overweight and obesity over 5 decades. 
  • Indications for tracheotomy in the pediatric intensive care unit population: a pilot study. 
  • Inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of healthy young adults to changes in air quality during the Beijing Olympics. 
  • Influence of coronary artery disease and coronary revascularization status on outcomes in patients with acute heart failure syndromes: a report from OPTIMIZE-HF (Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure). 
  • Influence of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes across the spectrum of acute coronary syndromes. Findings from the GUSTO-IIb study. GUSTO IIb Investigators. 
  • Informal social status among coworkers and risk of work-related injury among nurse aides in long-term care. 
  • Initial experience with the use of foetal/neonatal bovine acellular dermal collagen matrix (SurgiMend™) for tissue-expander breast reconstruction. 
  • Initial multicenter experience with double nucleoside therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection during pregnancy. 
  • Injuries among teens employed in the homebuilding industry in North Carolina. 
  • Insulin resistance and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 
  • Interactions between genotype and depressive symptoms on obesity. 
  • Internal thoracic artery grafting in the elderly patient undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: room for process improvement? 
  • International variation in use of oral anticoagulation among heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation. 
  • Intervals for posttest probabilities: a comparison of 5 methods. 
  • Intracoronary ultrasound predictors of adverse outcomes after coronary artery interventions. 
  • Is depression a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers? 11-years follow-up of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). 
  • Is esophagoscopy alone sufficient for patients with reflux symptoms? 
  • Is systemic lupus erythematosus, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or fibromyalgia associated with Persian Gulf War service? An examination of Department of Defense hospitalization data. 
  • Lactation and breast cancer risk. 
  • Length of hospital stays among obese individuals. 
  • Lifetime Risk of Symptomatic Hand Osteoarthritis: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. 
  • Limitations of ejection fraction for prediction of sudden death risk in patients with coronary artery disease: lessons from the MUSTT study. 
  • Links between anxiety and allergies: psychobiological reality or possible methodological bias? 
  • Locoregional failure of postmastectomy patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes without adjuvant radiotherapy. 
  • Long term disease-free survival and T cell and antibody responses in women with high-risk Her2+ breast cancer following vaccination against Her2. 
  • Long-term intraocular pressure fluctuations and risk of conversion from ocular hypertension to glaucoma. 
  • Low local recurrence rate without postmastectomy radiation in node-negative breast cancer patients with tumors 5 cm and larger. 
  • Low sensitivity of T-cell based detection of tuberculosis among HIV co-infected Tanzanian in-patients. 
  • Low-dose chemotherapy for Epstein-Barr virus-positive post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease in children after solid organ transplantation. 
  • Lower genital tract infection and endometritis: insight into subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease. 
  • Managed-Medicare health club benefit and reduced health care costs among older adults. 
  • Management practices and major infections after cardiac surgery. 
  • Maternal acceptance of voluntary human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing during the newborn period with the Guthrie card. 
  • Mediators of effects of a selective family-focused violence prevention approach for middle school students. 
  • Mental health context of food insecurity: a representative cohort of families with young children. 
  • Mental health symptoms in combat medic training: a longitudinal examination. 
  • Minority adult survivors of childhood cancer: a comparison of long-term outcomes, health care utilization, and health-related behaviors from the childhood cancer survivor study. 
  • Mitral gradients and frequency of recurrence of mitral regurgitation after ring annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation. 
  • Molecular imaging: T2-weighted CMR of the area at risk--a risky business? 
  • Morning and Evening Home Blood Pressure and Risks of Incident Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease in the Japanese General Practice Population: The Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure Study. 
  • Mortality among sheet metal workers participating in a medical screening program. 
  • Mortality, morbidity, and cost associated with febrile neutropenia in adult cancer patients. 
  • Multimodality surgical and hyperbaric management of mandibular osteoradionecrosis. 
  • Multiple biomarkers at admission are associated with angiographic, electrocardiographic, and imaging cardiovascular mechanistic markers of outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR infections in U.S. Marine Corps recruits. 
  • NOS2A and the modulating effect of cigarette smoking in Parkinson's disease. 
  • Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus disease in perinatally infected children: an analysis from the Pediatric Spectrum of Disease Project. 
  • Negative emotions in cancer care: do oncologists' responses depend on severity and type of emotion? 
  • Neighborhood deprivation and adverse birth outcomes among diverse ethnic groups. 
  • New mothers' interest in web-based health promotion: association with healthcare barriers, risk status, and user characteristics. 
  • New-onset atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction and its relation to admission biomarkers (from the TRIUMPH registry). 
  • Non-fatal construction industry fall-related injuries treated in US emergency departments, 1998-2005. 
  • Non-fatal contact injuries among workers in the construction industry treated in U.S. emergency departments, 1998-2005. 
  • Non-parametric estimation for the difference or ratio of median failure times for paired observations. 
  • Nonfatal construction industry-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments in the United States, 1998-2005. 
  • Nonfatal tool- or equipment-related injuries treated in US emergency departments among workers in the construction industry, 1998-2005. 
  • Number of children and risk of metabolic syndrome in women. 
  • Numeric score-based conditional and overall change-in-status indices for ordered categorical data. 
  • Nurse-led behavioral management of diabetes and hypertension in community practices: a randomized trial. 
  • Nutritional risk and the metabolic syndrome in women: opportunities for preventive intervention from the Framingham Nutrition Study. 
  • Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: how do dieters fare 5 years later? 
  • Objective structured assessment of technical skills for repair of fourth-degree perineal lacerations. 
  • Observations on the transition from intermittent to permanent atrial fibrillation. 
  • Occurrence and clinical significance of pseudothrombocytopenia during abciximab therapy. 
  • On assessing bioequivalence and interchangeability between generics based on indirect comparisons. 
  • On the estimation of the binomial probability in multistage clinical trials. 
  • On uncertainty in medical testing. 
  • Osteopontin polymorphisms and disease course in multiple sclerosis. 
  • Outcomes in bicaval versus biatrial techniques in heart transplantation: an analysis of the UNOS database. 
  • Ovarian preservation by GnRH agonists during chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. 
  • Overall C as a measure of discrimination in survival analysis: model specific population value and confidence interval estimation. 
  • Overconfidence in interval estimates. 
  • Ovulation and ovarian cancer: a comparison of two methods for calculating lifetime ovulatory cycles (United States). 
  • Patterns and predictors of vaginal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy. 
  • Pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria Implementation Project: A Multicenter Outpatient Echocardiography Quality Initiative. 
  • Pembrolizumab in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma (SARC028): a multicentre, two-cohort, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial. 
  • Perceived discrimination and hypertension among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study 
  • Personality factors differentially predict exercise behavior in men and women. 
  • Phase 2 trial of BCNU plus irinotecan in adults with malignant glioma. 
  • Phase II study of induction cisplatin and irinotecan followed by concurrent carboplatin, etoposide, and thoracic radiotherapy for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer, CALGB 30206. 
  • Phase II trial of irinotecan plus celecoxib in adults with recurrent malignant glioma. 
  • Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 
  • Physical activity at age 12 and adult breast cancer risk (United States). 
  • Physical fitness predicts functional tasks in individuals with Down syndrome. 
  • Picking your peers. 
  • Plasma C-reactive protein levels are associated with improved outcome in ARDS. 
  • Plasma N-terminal fragment of the prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations in relation to time to treatment and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow: a substudy of the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Treatment Strategy with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ASSENT IV-PCI) trial. 
  • Polymorphisms in stromal genes and susceptibility to serous epithelial ovarian cancer: a report from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. 
  • Polymorphisms of the FAS and FAS ligand genes associated with risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma. 
  • Postmenopausal bartholin gland enlargement: a hospital-based cancer risk assessment. 
  • Predicting gender differences as latent variables: summed scores, and individual item responses: a methods case study. 
  • Predicting prostate cancer mortality among men with intermediate to high-risk disease and multiple unfavorable risk factors. 
  • Predictors and prognostic impact of recurrent myocardial infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or both following a first myocardial infarction. 
  • Predictors of and health services utilization related to depressive symptoms among elderly Koreans. 
  • Predictors of delayed return to work after back injury: A case-control analysis of union carpenters in Washington State. 
  • Predictors of measurement error in energy intake during pregnancy. 
  • Prevalence and comorbidity of nocturnal wandering in the U.S. adult general population. 
  • Prevalence and correlates of functional status in an older community--representative sample in Brazil. 
  • Prevalence estimation and validation of new instruments in psychiatric research: an application of latent class analysis and sensitivity analysis. 
  • Prevalence of heterozygotes for hemochromatosis in the white population of the United States. 
  • Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: the value of screening with echocardiography. 
  • Prevalence, correlates, and course of minor depression and major depression in the National Comorbidity Survey. 
  • Preventability of pregnancy-related deaths: results of a state-wide review. 
  • Preventing and treating obesity: pediatricians' self-efficacy, barriers, resources, and advocacy. 
  • Prevention of Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing PCI. 
  • Prevention of laboratory animal allergy. 
  • Prior cesarean and the risk for placenta previa on second-trimester ultrasonography. 
  • Prognostic importance of new small Q waves following non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes. 
  • Progression of impairment in patients with vascular cognitive impairment without dementia. 
  • Propensity score interval matching: using bootstrap confidence intervals for accommodating estimation errors of propensity scores. 
  • Psychiatric correlates of snuff and chewing tobacco use. 
  • Quality of care and outcomes for in-hospital ischemic stroke: findings from the National Get With The Guidelines-Stroke. 
  • Quantification of intravenously administered contrast medium transit through the peripheral arteries: implications for CT angiography. 
  • Quantification of total T-cell receptor diversity by flow cytometry and spectratyping. 
  • R package to estimate intracluster correlation coefficient with confidence interval for binary data. 
  • RR-interval irregularity precedes ventricular fibrillation in ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Race, anthropometric factors, and stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. 
  • Race, resource use, and survival in seriously ill hospitalized adults. The SUPPORT Investigators. 
  • Racial differences in the effect of a telephone-delivered hypertension disease management program. 
  • Racial differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption in early adulthood and occupational attainment at midlife. 
  • Radial Versus Femoral Access for Coronary Angiography/Intervention in Women With Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights From the RIVAL Trial (Radial Vs femorAL access for coronary intervention). 
  • Randomized phase II study of gemcitabine administered at a fixed dose rate or in combination with cisplatin, docetaxel, or irinotecan in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: CALGB 89904. 
  • Randomized trial of a nurse-administered, telephone-based disease management program for patients with heart failure. 
  • Rapid-rate nonsustained ventricular tachycardia found on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator interrogation: relationship to outcomes in the SCD-HeFT (Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial). 
  • Recovery expectations and long-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. 
  • Reduced incidence of AD with NSAID but not H2 receptor antagonists: the Cache County Study. 
  • Refining Emergency Severity Index triage criteria. 
  • Regional variation across the United States in the management of acute myocardial infarction. GUSTO-1 Investigators. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries. 
  • Regional variation in patient risk factors and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting. 
  • Relation between the microcirculation architecture and the aggressive behavior of ciliary body melanomas. 
  • Relation of age-related cataract with obesity and obesity genes in an Asian population. 
  • Relation of circulating liver transaminase concentrations to risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. 
  • Relationship between provider volume and outcomes for orthotopic liver transplantation. 
  • Relationship of serum digoxin concentration to mortality and morbidity in women in the digitalis investigation group trial: a retrospective analysis. 
  • Relationship of vitamin D deficiency to clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. 
  • Relative prognostic value of baseline Q wave and time from symptom onset among men and women with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. 
  • Relative quantification based on logistic models for individual polymerase chain reactions. 
  • Reperfusion strategies and quality of care in 5339 patients age 80 years or older presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: analysis from get with the guidelines-coronary artery disease. 
  • Reproductive factors and ovarian cancer risk in African-American women. 
  • Residential smoking therapy. 
  • Retinal vascular changes and 20-year incidence of lower extremity amputations in a cohort with diabetes. 
  • Risk factors associated with thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. 
  • Risk factors for delayed hematuria following photoselective vaporization of the prostate. 
  • Risk factors for surgical site infections in older people. 
  • Risk of complex and atypical endometrial hyperplasia in relation to anthropometric measures and reproductive history. 
  • Risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-negative hereditary breast cancer families. 
  • Risk of stroke and cardiovascular events after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in patients with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome: secondary analysis of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial. 
  • Risk stratification in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy-associated desmosomal mutation carriers. 
  • Risk stratification of patients with low back pain seen in physical therapy practice. 
  • Role of prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions in decision-making processes shared by memory and nonmemory tasks. 
  • Safety and efficacy of quinupristin/dalfopristin for treatment of invasive Gram-positive infections in pediatric patients. 
  • Safety considerations with niacin therapy. 
  • Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in healthy infants of G1 and G2 human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in a new stabilizer/buffer liquid formulation. 
  • Sample size calculations for evaluating a diagnostic test when the gold standard is missing at random. 
  • Sampling distributions of p(pos) and p(neg). 
  • Selenium-based digital radiography of the chest: radiologists' preference compared with film-screen radiographs. 
  • Self-Reported and objectively measured physical activity among a cohort of postpartum women: the PIN Postpartum Study. 
  • Self-management practices of Chinese Americans with type 2 diabetes. 
  • Seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae in women with preeclampsia. 
  • Serum androgens: associations with prostate cancer risk and hair patterning. 
  • Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein reflects the presence of clinically diagnosed synovitis in patients with knee osteoarthritis. 
  • Severin classification system for evaluation of the results of operative treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. A study of intraobserver and interobserver reliability. 
  • Sex-specific acute heart failure phenotypes and outcomes from PROTECT. 
  • Sexual Harassment and Discrimination Experiences of Academic Medical Faculty. 
  • Short-term outcomes after esophagectomy at 164 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program hospitals: effect of operative approach and hospital-level variation. 
  • Shortened telomere length is associated with increased risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. 
  • Significance of atrial fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction, and its current management: insights from the GUSTO-3 trial. 
  • Single-incision mini-sling compared with tension-free vaginal tape for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: a randomized controlled trial. 
  • Social dominance and 22-year all-cause mortality in men. 
  • Social network diversity and risks of ischemic heart disease and total mortality: findings from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. 
  • Soluble ST2, high-sensitivity troponin T- and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: complementary role for risk stratification in acutely decompensated heart failure. 
  • Stability analysis with discrete responses. 
  • Statin use and the risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy in a cohort of men with inherited and/or early-onset forms of prostate cancer. 
  • Stroke as a late treatment effect of Hodgkin's Disease: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. 
  • Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen among hospitalized patients. 
  • Surrogate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. 
  • Symptoms of the knee and hip in individuals with and without limb length inequality. 
  • T classification and clivus margin as risk factors for determining locoregional control by radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 
  • The CRIT Study: Anemia and blood transfusion in the critically ill--current clinical practice in the United States. 
  • The Challenges of Analyzing Behavioral Response Study Data: An Overview of the MOCHA (Multi-study OCean Acoustics Human Effects Analysis) Project. 
  • The DECISIONS study: a nationwide survey of United States adults regarding 9 common medical decisions. 
  • The Effect of altering ADL thresholds on active life expectancy estimates for older persons. 
  • The FIBROID Registry: symptom and quality-of-life status 1 year after therapy. 
  • The PROTECT pilot study: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist rolofylline in patients with acute heart failure and renal impairment. 
  • The cancer screening practices of adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. 
  • The complex relationship between center volume and outcome in patients undergoing the Norwood operation. 
  • The diagnostic accuracy of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the prediction of acute kidney injury in emergency department patients with suspected sepsis. 
  • The effect of sleeved arms on oscillometric blood pressure measurement. 
  • The epidemiology of ocular trauma in Singapore: perspective from the emergency service of a large tertiary hospital. 
  • The genetic component of discrete disability traits: an analysis using liability models with age-dependent thresholds. 
  • The impact of environmental tobacco smoke on women's risk of dying from heart disease: a meta-analysis. 
  • The impact of occiput posterior fetal head position on the risk of anal sphincter injury in forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries. 
  • The impact of postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis with dexamethasone on postoperative wound complications in patients undergoing laparotomy for endometrial cancer. 
  • The influence of early sexual debut and sexual violence on adolescent pregnancy: a matched case-control study in Jamaica. 
  • The moral psychology of rationing among physicians: the role of harm and fairness intuitions in physician objections to cost-effectiveness and cost-containment. 
  • The number of high-risk factors and the risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality after brachytherapy: implications for treatment selection. 
  • The perception of cancer risk in patients with prevalent Barrett's esophagus enrolled in an endoscopic surveillance program. 
  • The risk of Helicobacter pylori infection among U.S. military personnel deployed outside the United States. 
  • The risk of subsequent fractures in community-dwelling men and male veterans with hip fracture. 
  • The role of hepatic resection in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer. 
  • The self-reported functional measure: Predictive validity for health care utilization in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. 
  • The utility of upper endoscopy in patients with concomitant upper gastrointestinal bleeding and acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Thiazide use is associated with reduced risk for incident lower extremity fractures in men with spinal cord injury. 
  • Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains. 
  • Tooth cementum annulation for age estimation: results from a large known-age validation study. 
  • Treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infections with quinupristin-dalfopristin in patients intolerant of or failing prior therapy. For the Synercid Emergency-Use Study Group. 
  • Treatment readiness among out-of-treatment African-American crack users. 
  • Trends in incidentally identified thyroid cancers over a decade: a retrospective analysis of 2,090 surgical patients. 
  • Trends in interventions to reduce perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in North Carolina. 
  • Trends in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the 1970s to the 1990s: the Framingham Heart Study. 
  • Trends in the use and outcomes of ventricular assist devices among medicare beneficiaries, 2006 through 2011. 
  • Troponin I in acute decompensated heart failure: insights from the ASCEND-HF study. 
  • Twenty-year trends in the prevalence of disability in China. 
  • Two-phase shelf-life estimation. 
  • Unemployment among adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. 
  • Use of ECT in the United States in 1975, 1980, and 1986. 
  • Use of bupropion SR in a pharmacist-managed outpatient smoking-cessation program. 
  • Use of erythropoietin in cancer patients: assessment of oncologists' practice patterns in the United States and other countries. 
  • Use of resampling techniques to estimate the variance of parameters in pharmacological assays when experimental protocols preclude independent replication: an example using Schild regressions. 
  • Usefulness of natriuretic peptide testing for long-term risk assessment following acute ischemic stroke. 
  • Usefulness of β-trace protein and cystatin C for the prediction of mortality in non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. 
  • Using pilot data to size a two-arm randomized trial to find a nearly optimal personalized treatment strategy. 
  • Validation of self-reported colorectal cancer screening behavior from a mixed-mode survey of veterans. 
  • Validity of the Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale in continuing-care retirement communities 
  • Variability in cholesterol measurements in a worksite cholesterol screening program. 
  • Variability in resource use: diagnosing colorectal cancer. 
  • Variation in PTX3 is associated with primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. 
  • Variation in use of surveillance colonoscopy among colorectal cancer survivors in the United States. 
  • Variation in warfarin thromboprophylaxis after mitral valve repair: does equipoise exist and is a randomized trial warranted? 
  • Variations in practice and outcomes in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the United States and Canada: insights from the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX AMI) trial. 
  • Varicella prevalence in day-care centers. 
  • Venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular risk: results from the NAVIGATOR trial. 
  • Vorapaxar in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: subgroup analysis from the TRACER trial (Thrombin Receptor Antagonist for Clinical Event Reduction in Acute Coronary Syndrome). 
  • We need better figures! 
  • Why do children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families suffer from poor health when they reach adulthood? A life-course study. 
  • Worsening depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. 
  • X-LRT: a likelihood approach to estimate genetic risks and test association with X-linked markers using a case-parents design. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Alexander, John Hunter Peel, Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology
  • Berchuck, Andrew, James M. Ingram Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology
  • Curtis, Lesley H., Professor in Population Health Sciences, Medicine, General Internal Medicine
  • Dement, John McCray, Professor Emeritus in Community and Family Medicine, Community and Family Medicine, Occupational & Environmental Medicine
  • Gold, Deborah T., Professor in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology and Neuroscience
  • Granger, Christopher Bull, Professor of Medicine, School of Nursing
  • Halabi, Susan, Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Moorman, Patricia Gripka, Professor in Community and Family Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Muir, Kelly Walton, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Glaucoma
  • O'Connor, Christopher Michael, Richard Sean Stack, M.D. / Guidant Foundation Professor of Cardiology, Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology
  • Olsen, Maren Karine, Associate Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Sampson, John Howard, Robert H., M.D. and Gloria Wilkins Professor of Neurosurgery, in the School of Medicine, Immunology
  • Swaminathan, Madhav, Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic
  • Tsalik, Ephraim, Associate Professor of Medicine, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
  • Yancy Jr., William Samuel, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, General Internal Medicine