Transforming Growth Factor beta

• 

  Subject Areas on Research

  • A BMP pathway regulates cell fate allocation along the sea urchin animal-vegetal embryonic axis. 
  • A Novel Murine Model of Marfan Syndrome Accelerates Aortopathy and Cardiomyopathy. 
  • A Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals High-Frequency Genetic Alterations in Mediators of Signaling by the TGF-β Superfamily. 
  • A c-Fos- and E1A-interacting component of the tissue factor basal promoter complex mediates synergistic activation of transcription by transforming growth factor-beta1. 
  • A comprehensive joint analysis of the long and short RNA transcriptomes of human erythrocytes. 
  • A cost analysis of bone morphogenetic protein versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft in single-level anterior lumbar fusion. 
  • A mouse homologue of FAST-1 transduces TGF beta superfamily signals and is expressed during early embryogenesis. 
  • A non-canonical Raf function is required for dorsal-ventral patterning during Drosophila embryogenesis. 
  • A novel human cancer culture model for the study of prostate cancer. 
  • A novel mechanism for regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling. Functional modulation of type III TGF-beta receptor expression through interaction with the PDZ domain protein, GIPC. 
  • A novel mitochondrial septin-like protein, ARTS, mediates apoptosis dependent on its P-loop motif. 
  • A novel role for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. 
  • A phosphatase controls the fate of receptor-regulated Smads. 
  • A single heteromeric receptor complex is sufficient to mediate biological effects of transforming growth factor-beta ligands. 
  • A small molecular weight catalytic metalloporphyrin antioxidant with superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic properties protects lungs from radiation-induced injury. 
  • A special issue on TGF-beta signaling. 
  • A transforming growth factor beta type I receptor that signals to activate gene expression. 
  • ALK1 regulates the internalization of endoglin and the type III TGF-β receptor. 
  • ALK1 signalling analysis identifies angiogenesis related genes and reveals disparity between TGF-beta and constitutively active receptor induced gene expression. 
  • ALK5 phosphorylation of the endoglin cytoplasmic domain regulates Smad1/5/8 signaling and endothelial cell migration. 
  • AMH induces mesonephric cell migration in XX gonads. 
  • APOE-mimetic peptides reduce behavioral deficits, plaques and tangles in Alzheimer's disease transgenics. 
  • Abnormal mouse lung alveolarization caused by Smad3 deficiency is a developmental antecedent of centrilobular emphysema. 
  • Absence of donor MHC antigen expression ameliorates chronic kidney allograft rejection. 
  • Accelerated Marfan syndrome model recapitulates established signaling pathways. 
  • Activated alpha 2-macroglobulin promotes mitogenesis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells by a mechanism that is independent of growth-factor-carrier activity. 
  • Altered TGF-α/β signaling drives cooperation between breast cancer cell populations. 
  • Altered ligand binding by insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptors bearing missense mutations in human cancers. 
  • An FGF autocrine loop initiated in second heart field mesoderm regulates morphogenesis at the arterial pole of the heart. 
  • An In Vitro Bovine Cellular Model for Human Schlemm's Canal Endothelial Cells and Their Response to TGFβ Treatment. 
  • An essential role for Mad homology domain 1 in the association of Smad3 with histone deacetylase activity*. 
  • An essential role of Bmp4 in the atrioventricular septation of the mouse heart. 
  • Analysis of factors associated with the tumorigenic potential of 12 tumor clones derived from a single rat colon adenocarcinoma. 
  • Angiotensinogen gene null-mutant mice lack homeostatic regulation of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. 
  • Antagonism Between PEDF and TGF-β Contributes to Type VI Osteogenesis Imperfecta Bone and Vascular Pathogenesis. 
  • Antibody-directed coupling of endoglin and MMP-14 is a key mechanism for endoglin shedding and deregulation of TGF-β signaling. 
  • Antiinflammatory effects of neoplasms. 
  • Are recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 and tobramycin compatible? An experiment in rats. 
  • Ascorbic acid increases the severity of spontaneous knee osteoarthritis in a guinea pig model. 
  • Assessment of the protective effect of amifostine on radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity. 
  • Assignment of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta3 and a third new ligand to the type I receptor ALK-1. 
  • Association between blood spot transforming growth factor-β and patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low-birth weight infants. 
  • Association of common candidate variants with vascular malformations and intracranial hemorrhage in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. 
  • Atherosclerosis: a cancer of the blood vessels? 
  • Atrial natriuretic polypeptide inhibits hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells. 
  • Attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin type 1a receptor deficient mice. 
  • Axin and GSK3- control Smad3 protein stability and modulate TGF- signaling. 
  • BMP antagonism is required in both the node and lateral plate mesoderm for mammalian left-right axis establishment. 
  • BMP receptor IA is required in mammalian neural crest cells for development of the cardiac outflow tract and ventricular myocardium. 
  • BMP-2 and BMP-9 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human multipotential mesenchymal cells and overcomes the inhibitory effect of IL-1. 
  • BMPs induce dermal markers and ectopic feather tracts. 
  • Beta-arrestin 2 mediates endocytosis of type III TGF-beta receptor and down-regulation of its signaling. 
  • Beta-catenin and transforming growth factor beta have distinct roles regulating fibroblast cell motility and the induction of collagen lattice contraction. 
  • Beta-catenin regulates wound size and mediates the effect of TGF-beta in cutaneous healing. 
  • Biochemical Pathways and Myometrial Cell Differentiation Leading to Nodule Formation Containing Collagen and Fibronectin. 
  • Biological Augmentation of Flexor Tendon Repair: A Challenging Cellular Landscape. 
  • Biological basis of bone formation, remodeling, and repair-part I: biochemical signaling molecules. 
  • Biological responses to TGF-β in the mammary epithelium show a complex dependency on Smad3 gene dosage with important implications for tumor progression. 
  • Blocking ovarian cancer progression by targeting tumor microenvironmental leukocytes. 
  • Blood pressure homeostasis is maintained by a P311-TGF-β axis. 
  • Bmp7 regulates germ cell proliferation in mouse fetal gonads. 
  • Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Are Expressed by Both Bone-Forming and Non-Bone-Forming Lesions. 
  • Bone morphogenetic protein 2 opposes Shh-mediated proliferation in cerebellar granule cells through a TIEG-1-based regulation of Nmyc. 
  • Bone morphogenetic protein signaling by hemojuvelin regulates hepcidin expression. 
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins in development. 
  • Bone morphogenetic proteins signal through the transforming growth factor-beta type III receptor. 
  • Ca2+/calmodulin-based signalling in the regulation of the muscle fibre phenotype and its therapeutic potential via modulation of utrophin A and myostatin expression. 
  • Casein kinase Iepsilon plays a functional role in the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway. 
  • Cellular activation of latent transforming growth factor beta requires binding to the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor type II receptor. 
  • Cellular and molecular responses of the uterus to embryo implantation can be elicited by locally applied growth factors. 
  • Characteristic features of granular deposit formation in granular corneal dystrophy type 2. 
  • Characterization of a spontaneous murine astrocytoma and abrogation of its tumorigenicity by cytokine secretion. 
  • Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related proteins (IGFBP-rPs) 1, 2, and 3 in human prostate epithelial cells: potential roles for IGFBP-rP1 and 2 in senescence of the prostatic epithelium. 
  • Characterization of the distinct orthotopic bone-forming activity of 14 BMPs using recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene delivery. 
  • Chemical skin carcinogenesis is prevented in mice by the induced expression of a TGF-beta related transgene. 
  • Chronic rejection of mouse kidney allografts. 
  • Cloning of the promoter region of human endoglin, the target gene for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. 
  • Colocalization of BMP 7 and BMP 2 RNAs suggests that these factors cooperatively mediate tissue interactions during murine development. 
  • Combination anti-CD2 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies induce tolerance while altering interleukin-2, interleukin-4, tumor necrosis factor, and transforming growth factor-beta production. 
  • Combined bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -7 gene transfer enhances osteoblastic differentiation and spine fusion in a rodent model. 
  • Common gamma chain cytokines promote rapid in vitro expansion of allo-specific human CD8+ suppressor T cells. 
  • Common variants at 9p21 and 8q22 are associated with increased susceptibility to optic nerve degeneration in glaucoma. 
  • Comprehensive genomic meta-analysis identifies intra-tumoural stroma as a predictor of survival in patients with gastric cancer. 
  • Context-specific effects of fibulin-5 (DANCE/EVEC) on cell proliferation, motility, and invasion. Fibulin-5 is induced by transforming growth factor-beta and affects protein kinase cascades. 
  • Contribution of Polycomb group proteins to olfactory basal stem cell self-renewal in a novel c-KIT+ culture model and in vivo. 
  • Contribution of hedgehog signaling to the establishment of left-right asymmetry in the sea urchin. 
  • Cost-Utility Analysis of rhBMP-2 Use in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery. 
  • Cutaneous wound healing: recruiting developmental pathways for regeneration. 
  • Cytokine mRNA expression in postischemic/reperfused myocardium. 
  • Cytokine profiles of preterm neonates with fungal and bacterial sepsis. 
  • Cytokines and immune response in the tumor microenvironment. 
  • Decreased fibronectin expression in Met/HGF-mediated tumorigenesis. 
  • Deficiency of heme-regulated eIF2alpha kinase decreases hepcidin expression and splenic iron in HFE-/- mice. 
  • Degenerative lumbar scoliosis. 
  • Demonstration that mutation of the type II transforming growth factor beta receptor inactivates its tumor suppressor activity in replication error-positive colon carcinoma cells. 
  • Development of Aggressive Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas Depends on Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Secretion in Carcinoma Cells. 
  • Developmental exposure to noninherited maternal antigens induces CD4+ T regulatory cells: relevance to mechanism of heart allograft tolerance. 
  • Developmental signalling. Sorting out the signals. 
  • Dichotomous roles of TGF-β in human cancer. 
  • Dietary flavonoid naringenin induces regulatory T cells via an aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediated pathway. 
  • Differential collagen I gene expression in fetal fibroblasts. 
  • Differential expression of genes encoding TGFs beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 during murine palate formation. 
  • Differential expression of procollagen genes between mid- and late-gestational fetal fibroblasts. 
  • Differential regulation of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family by alpha(2)-macroglobulin: evidence for selective modulation of FGF-2-induced angiogenesis. 
  • Differential responsiveness of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line stocks to the pineal hormone, melatonin. 
  • Distinct gene expression profiles in adult mouse heart following targeted MAP kinase activation. 
  • Distinct requirements for extra-embryonic and embryonic bone morphogenetic protein 4 in the formation of the node and primitive streak and coordination of left-right asymmetry in the mouse. 
  • Diurnal variation of serum and urine biomarkers in patients with radiographic knee osteoarthritis. 
  • Division of labor: subsets of dorsal-appendage-forming cells control the shape of the entire tube. 
  • Does recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 use in adult spinal deformity increase complications and are complications associated with location of rhBMP-2 use? A prospective, multicenter study of 279 consecutive patients. 
  • E2F4-RB and E2F4-p107 complexes suppress gene expression by transforming growth factor beta through E2F binding sites. 
  • Early wound healing exhibits cytokine surge without evidence of hypoxia. 
  • Editorial: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. 
  • Effect of adenoviral-mediated transfer of transforming growth factor-beta1 on colonic anastomotic healing. 
  • Effect of type 1 transforming growth factor-beta on the level of aromatase cytochrome P-450 in human fetal hepatocytes. 
  • Effects of diethylstilbestrol on rat granulosa cell and thecal/interstitial cell transforming growth factor-beta 2 mRNA expression in vivo: analysis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 
  • Effects of liver growth factors on hepadnavirus replication in chronically infected duck hepatocytes. 
  • Embryonic expression of mouse bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1), which is related to the Drosophila dorsoventral gene tolloid and encodes a putative astacin metalloendopeptidase. 
  • Endochondral bone formation from hydrogel carriers loaded with BMP2-transduced cells. 
  • Endocytosis of the type III transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor through the clathrin-independent/lipid raft pathway regulates TGF-beta signaling and receptor down-regulation. 
  • Endogenous bone morphogenetic protein antagonists regulate mammalian neural crest generation and survival. 
  • Endogenous expression of transforming growth factor beta1 inhibits growth and tumorigenicity and enhances Fas-mediated apoptosis in a murine high-grade glioma model. 
  • Endoglin promotes transforming growth factor beta-mediated Smad 1/5/8 signaling and inhibits endothelial cell migration through its association with GIPC. 
  • Endoglin, a TGF-beta binding protein of endothelial cells, is the gene for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. 
  • Endothelial Bmp4 is induced during arterial remodeling: effects on smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. 
  • Engineered pluripotent mesenchymal cells integrate and differentiate in regenerating bone: a novel cell-mediated gene therapy. 
  • Epigenetic suppression of the TGF-beta pathway revealed by transcriptome profiling in ovarian cancer. 
  • Epithelial NOTCH Signaling Rewires the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer to Drive Poor-Prognosis Subtypes and Metastasis. 
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β, and osteopontin in wound healing and tissue remodeling after injury. 
  • Essential role for Smad3 in regulating MCP-1 expression and vascular inflammation. 
  • Essential role of Smad3 in infarct healing and in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. 
  • Essential role(s) of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in transforming growth factor-beta1 gene expression and induction of hypertrophy of rat kidney proximal tubular cells in high glucose. 
  • Ethnicity greatly influences cytokine gene polymorphism distribution. 
  • Evidence from normal expression and targeted misexpression that bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp-4) plays a role in mouse embryonic lung morphogenesis. 
  • Evidence that mouse Bmp8a (Op2) and Bmp8b are duplicated genes that play a role in spermatogenesis and placental development. 
  • Exacerbation of Avellino corneal dystrophy after laser in situ keratomileusis. 
  • Expression and function of transforming growth factor-β isoforms and cognate receptors in the rat urinary bladder following cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. 
  • Expression cloning and characterization of the TGF-beta type III receptor. 
  • Expression of TGF-beta-related genes during mouse embryo whisker morphogenesis. 
  • Expression of an antisense transforming growth factor-beta1 transgene reduces tumorigenicity of EMT6 mammary tumor cells. 
  • Expression of mRNAs coding for the transforming growth factor-beta receptors in brain regions of euthyroid and hypothyroid neonatal rats and in adult brain. 
  • Expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rp) and its receptorin the porcine ovary: regulation by transforming growth factor-beta and possible paracrine effects of granulosa cell PTH-rp secretion on theca cells. 
  • Expression of the E2F1 transcription factor overcomes type beta transforming growth factor-mediated growth suppression. 
  • Expression of tissue factor in tumor stroma correlates with progression to invasive human breast cancer: paracrine regulation by carcinoma cell-derived members of the transforming growth factor beta family. 
  • Expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) type III receptor restores autocrine TGFbeta1 activity in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. 
  • Expression of transforming growth factor beta 2 RNA during murine embryogenesis. 
  • Expression of transforming growth factor beta type II receptor leads to reduced malignancy in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. 
  • Extracellular matrix protein betaig-h3/TGFBI promotes metastasis of colon cancer by enhancing cell extravasation. 
  • FGF signals guide migration of mesenchymal cells, control skeletal morphogenesis [corrected] and regulate gastrulation during sea urchin development. 
  • FKBP12 is not required for the modulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor I signaling activity in embryonic fibroblasts and thymocytes. 
  • Fenretinide: induction of apoptosis and endogenous transforming growth factor beta in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. 
  • Fibrosis-related biomarkers and large and small vessel disease: the Cardiovascular Health Study. 
  • Fibulin-3 is a novel TGF-β pathway inhibitor in the breast cancer microenvironment. 
  • Fluid shear stress induces endothelial transforming growth factor beta-1 transcription and production. Modulation by potassium channel blockade. 
  • Follistatin operates downstream of Wnt4 in mammalian ovary organogenesis. 
  • From promiscuity to precision: protein phosphatases get a makeover. 
  • Functional analysis of the transforming growth factor beta responsive elements in the WAF1/Cip1/p21 promoter. 
  • Functional roles for the cytoplasmic domain of the type III transforming growth factor beta receptor in regulating transforming growth factor beta signaling. 
  • Gene knockouts of c-src, transforming growth factor beta 1, and tenascin suggest superfluous, nonfunctional expression of proteins. 
  • Gene targeting in mice reveals a requirement for angiotensin in the development and maintenance of kidney morphology and growth factor regulation. 
  • Gfi-1B controls human erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation by regulating TGF-beta signaling at the bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor stage. 
  • Glioblastoma stem cells generate vascular pericytes to support vessel function and tumor growth. 
  • Growth factor control of extracellular proteolysis. 
  • Growth factors in development: the role of TGF-beta related polypeptide signalling molecules in embryogenesis. 
  • Growth factors regulate beta-catenin-mediated TCF-dependent transcriptional activation in fibroblasts during the proliferative phase of wound healing. 
  • Halofuginone inhibits collagen deposition in fibrous capsules around implants. 
  • Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) does not prevent the inhibition of cell growth in DU-145 cells treated with TGF-beta1. 
  • Heterotopic ossification in rectal cancer: Rare finding with a novel proposed mechanism. 
  • Homogeneous reporter system enables quantitative functional assessment of multiple transcription factors. 
  • Human breast cancer invasion and aggression correlates with ECM stiffening and immune cell infiltration. 
  • Human granulosa-luteal and cumulus cells express transforming growth factors-beta type 1 and type 2 mRNA. 
  • Human retroviral gag- and gag-pol-like proteins interact with the transforming growth factor-beta receptor activin receptor-like kinase 1. 
  • Hyalocytes synthesize and secrete inhibitors of retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation in vitro. 
  • ID1 Mediates Escape from TGFβ Tumor Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer. 
  • IL-11 Induces Th17 Cell Responses in Patients with Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. 
  • Identification of mZnf8, a mouse Krüppel-like transcriptional repressor, as a novel nuclear interaction partner of Smad1. 
  • Identification of the promoter region of the human betaIGH3 gene. 
  • Identification of transforming growth factor-beta as an immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor. 
  • Iliac crest bone graft donor site pain after anterior lumbar interbody fusion: a prospective patient satisfaction outcome assessment. 
  • Immune dysregulation and osteosarcoma: Staphylococcus aureus downregulates TGF-β and heightens the inflammatory signature in human and canine macrophages suppressed by osteosarcoma. 
  • Impairing oral tolerance promotes allergy and anaphylaxis: a new murine food allergy model. 
  • In situ hybridization analysis of TGF beta 3 RNA expression during mouse development: comparative studies with TGF beta 1 and beta 2. 
  • In vitro and in vivo osteoblastic differentiation of BMP-2- and Runx2-engineered skeletal myoblasts. 
  • In vivo monitoring of cardiomyocyte proliferation to identify chemical modifiers of heart regeneration. 
  • Increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and thrombospondin-1 in congenital hepatic fibrosis: possible role of the hepatic stellate cell. 
  • Induction of IL-6 expression by mechanical stress in the trabecular meshwork. 
  • Induction of TGF-beta1 in the trabecular meshwork under cyclic mechanical stress. 
  • Induction of human tenascin (neuronectin) by growth factors and cytokines: cell type-specific signals and signalling pathways. 
  • Induction of p21waf1 expression and growth inhibition by transforming growth factor beta involve the tumor suppressor gene DPC4 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. 
  • Inflammatory Markers and Incidence of Hospitalization With Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease. 
  • Inhibiting the TGF-beta signalling pathway as a means of cancer immunotherapy. 
  • Inhibition of mammary duct development but not alveolar outgrowth during pregnancy in transgenic mice expressing active TGF-beta 1. 
  • Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD signalling by the interferon-gamma/STAT pathway. 
  • Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 deficiency attenuates the development of skin fibrosis in tight-skin mice. 
  • Interleukin-13 induces collagen type-1 expression through matrix metalloproteinase-2 and transforming growth factor-β1 in airway fibroblasts in asthma. 
  • Invasion of uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma cells is facilitated by locoregional interaction with cancer-associated fibroblasts via activating transforming growth factor-beta. 
  • Isolation of Vgr-2, a novel member of the transforming growth factor-beta-related gene family. 
  • Juvenile arthritis and autoimmunity to type II collagen. 
  • Klotho Inhibits Interleukin-8 Secretion from Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelia. 
  • LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development. 
  • LPS-sensory peptide communication in experimental cystitis. 
  • LY2109761, a novel transforming growth factor beta receptor type I and type II dual inhibitor, as a therapeutic approach to suppressing pancreatic cancer metastasis. 
  • Lefty inhibits receptor-regulated Smad phosphorylation induced by the activated transforming growth factor-beta receptor. 
  • Lefty proteins exhibit unique processing and activate the MAPK pathway. 
  • Leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, IL-6, and stem cell factor mRNA expression in human thymus increases with age and is associated with thymic atrophy. 
  • Ligand-dependent ubiquitination of Smad3 is regulated by casein kinase 1 gamma 2, an inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling. 
  • Lin28b Regulates Fetal Regulatory T Cell Differentiation through Modulation of TGF-β Signaling. 
  • Liver regeneration requires Yap1-TGFβ-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes. 
  • Local production of TGF beta1 inhibits cerebral edema, enhances TNF-alpha induced apoptosis and improves survival in a murine glioma model. 
  • Long-Segment Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity Correction Using Low-Dose Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A Retrospective Review of Fusion Rates. 
  • Loss of SPDEF and gain of TGFBI activity after androgen deprivation therapy promote EMT and bone metastasis of prostate cancer. 
  • Loss of androgen signaling in mesenchymal sonic hedgehog responsive cells diminishes prostate development, growth, and regeneration. 
  • Loss of betaglycan expression in ovarian cancer: role in motility and invasion. 
  • Loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue increases transforming growth factor beta-mediated invasion with enhanced SMAD3 transcriptional activity. 
  • Loss of type III transforming growth factor-beta receptor expression is due to methylation silencing of the transcription factor GATA3 in renal cell carcinoma. 
  • Malignant transformation of ovarian epithelium. 
  • Mammalian dwarfins are phosphorylated in response to transforming growth factor beta and are implicated in control of cell growth. 
  • Mechanism of threshold size assessment: Metamorphosis is triggered by the TGF-beta/Activin ligand Myoglianin. 
  • Mechanisms of pertussis toxin-induced myelomonocytic cell adhesion: role of Mac-1(CD11b/CD18) and urokinase receptor (CD87). 
  • Metastable tolerance to rhesus monkey renal transplants is correlated with allograft TGF-beta 1+CD4+ T regulatory cell infiltrates. 
  • MiR-106a-5p modulates apoptosis and metabonomics changes by TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in cleft palate. 
  • Micro-RNA 21 inhibition of SMAD7 enhances fibrogenesis via leptin-mediated NADPH oxidase in experimental and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Modification of surfaces with cell adhesion peptides alters extracellular matrix deposition. 
  • Modulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in vivo regulates systemic iron balance. 
  • Modulation of pancreatic cancer chemoresistance by inhibition of TAK1. 
  • Molecular mechanisms of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. 
  • Molecular, cellular, and pharmacological therapies for Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophies. 
  • Monocyte adhesion in patients with bone marrow fibrosis is required for the production of fibrogenic cytokines. Potential role for interleukin-1 and TGF-beta. 
  • Multiple autocrine growth factors modulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth response to angiotensin II. 
  • Mutations in the SLC2A10 gene cause arterial abnormalities in mice. 
  • NF-kappa B as a central mediator in the induction of TGF-beta in monocytes from patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis: an inflammatory response beyond the realm of homeostasis. 
  • Needle-Free Injection of Exosomes Derived from Human Dermal Fibroblast Spheroids Ameliorates Skin Photoaging. 
  • Negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation by PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on chromosome 10). 
  • Neural plate morphogenesis during mouse neurulation is regulated by antagonism of Bmp signalling. 
  • Nodal is a novel TGF-beta-like gene expressed in the mouse node during gastrulation. 
  • Nodal-related signals induce axial mesoderm and dorsalize mesoderm during gastrulation. 
  • Nomenclature: vertebrate mediators of TGFbeta family signals. 
  • Nonvascularized bone grafting defers joint arthroplasty in hip osteonecrosis. 
  • Norepinephrine induces hepatic fibrogenesis in leptin deficient ob/ob mice. 
  • Novel antigen-presenting cell imparts Treg-dependent tolerance to gut microbiota. 
  • Ocular allergy modulation to hi-dose antigen sensitization is a Treg-dependent process. 
  • Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in The Cancer Genome Atlas. 
  • Organogenesis and pattern formation in the mouse: RNA distribution patterns suggest a role for bone morphogenetic protein-2A (BMP-2A). 
  • Osteopontin neutralisation abrogates the liver progenitor cell response and fibrogenesis in mice. 
  • Outcomes of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in mature adults: posterolateral non-instrument-assisted lumbar decompression and fusion. 
  • Overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase protects mice from radiation-induced lung injury. 
  • Overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase reduces acute radiation induced lung toxicity. 
  • Overload-induced skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling and myofibre growth in mice lacking IL-6. 
  • P311 induces a TGF-beta1-independent, nonfibrogenic myofibroblast phenotype. 
  • PLGA nanoparticle entrapped killed porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine helps in viral clearance in pigs. 
  • PRDX6 attenuates oxidative stress- and TGFbeta-induced abnormalities of human trabecular meshwork cells. 
  • Partial Loss of USP9X Function Leads to a Male Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Disorder Converging on Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling. 
  • Pathogenesis of varicose veins. 
  • Pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ as a strategy to augment the antitumor immune response. 
  • Phosphoenolpyruvate Is a Metabolic Checkpoint of Anti-tumor T Cell Responses. 
  • Plasticity of Hopx(+) type I alveolar cells to regenerate type II cells in the lung. 
  • Polymorphisms in transforming growth factor-beta-related genes ALK1 and ENG are associated with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations. 
  • Porcine granulosa cells do not express transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) messenger ribonucleic acid: molecular basis for their inability to produce TGF-beta activity comparable to that of rat granulosa cells. 
  • Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces pronounced immune modulatory responses at mucosal tissues in the parental vaccine strain VR2332 infected pigs. 
  • Possible role for vascular cell proliferation in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. 
  • Posttransplant diastolic hypertension: associations with intragraft transforming growth factor-beta, endothelin, and renin transcription. 
  • Potential role of WAF1/Cip1/p21 as a mediator of TGF-beta cytoinhibitory effect. 
  • Potential treatment for clubfeet based on growth factor blockade. 
  • Progestin-induced apoptosis in the Macaque ovarian epithelium: differential regulation of transforming growth factor-beta. 
  • Prolonged survival of class II transactivator-deficient cardiac allografts. 
  • Proper formation of whisker barrelettes requires periphery-derived Smad4-dependent TGF-beta signaling. 
  • Protection against chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic fibrosis in mice overexpressing pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. 
  • Purinergic signalling underlies transforming growth factor-β-mediated bladder afferent nerve hyperexcitability. 
  • RTK and TGF-beta signaling pathways genes in the sea urchin genome. 
  • RUNX3 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by reinstating transforming growth factor beta responsiveness in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. 
  • Radiation-induced hypoxia may perpetuate late normal tissue injury. 
  • Radio-induced modulation of transforming growth factor beta1 sensitivity in a p53 wild-type human colorectal-cancer cell line. 
  • Radioprotection of lungs by amifostine is associated with reduction in profibrogenic cytokine activity. 
  • Radioprotective effects of amifostine on acute and chronic esophageal injury in rodents. 
  • Rapamycin increases transforming growth factor-beta mRNA expression in immortalized rat proximal renal tubular cells. 
  • Rat thecal/interstitial cells express transforming growth factor-beta type 1 and 2, but only type 2 is regulated by gonadotropin in vitro. 
  • Rate of vascularization of coralline hydroxyapatite spherical implants pretreated with saline/gentamicin, rTGF-beta 2, and autogenous plasma. 
  • Recent progress in defining mechanisms and potential targets for prevention of normal tissue injury after radiation therapy. 
  • Receptors for the TGF-beta ligand family. 
  • Reciprocal SOX2 regulation by SMAD1-SMAD3 is critical for anoikis resistance and metastasis in cancer. 
  • Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 as an adjunct for spine fusion in a pediatric population. 
  • Reduced expression of transforming growth factor beta type I receptor contributes to the malignancy of human colon carcinoma cells. 
  • Reduced interleukin-12 and transforming growth factor-beta1 in severe childhood malaria: relationship of cytokine balance with disease severity. 
  • Regulation of T cell function by microRNA-720. 
  • Regulation of TGF-β receptor hetero-oligomerization and signaling by endoglin. 
  • Regulation of apoptosis in normal and malignant ovarian epithelial cells by transforming growth factor beta. 
  • Regulation of growth of normal ovarian epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cell lines by transforming growth factor-beta. 
  • Renal TGF-beta in HIV-associated kidney diseases. 
  • Requirement of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor for TGF-beta-induced proliferation and growth inhibition. 
  • Risk of long-term complications after TFG-beta1-guided very-high-dose thoracic radiotherapy. 
  • Role of AP-1 complex in angiotensin II-mediated transforming growth factor-beta expression and growth of smooth muscle cells: using decoy approach against AP-1 binding site. 
  • Role of TGF-beta1 in renal parenchymal scarring following childhood urinary tract infection. 
  • Role of TGF-β receptor III localization in polarity and breast cancer progression. 
  • Role of transforming growth factor Beta in human cancer. 
  • Role of transforming growth factor beta in human disease. 
  • Role of transforming growth factor-beta in hematologic malignancies. 
  • Role of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily signaling pathways in human disease. 
  • SB-431542, a small molecule transforming growth factor-beta-receptor antagonist, inhibits human glioma cell line proliferation and motility. 
  • SLC2A10 genetic polymorphism predicts development of peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. SLC2A10 and PAD in type 2 diabetes. 
  • SMAD3 deficiency promotes vessel wall remodeling, collagen fiber reorganization and leukocyte infiltration in an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm mouse model. 
  • SMAD4 is required for development of maximal endotoxin tolerance. 
  • SU5416 delays wound healing through inhibition of TGF-beta 1 activation. 
  • Safety, efficacy, and dosing of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for posterior cervical and cervicothoracic instrumented fusion with a minimum 2-year follow-up. 
  • Scaffold-based rhBMP-2 therapy in a rat alveolar defect model: implications for human gingivoperiosteoplasty. 
  • Selenium-binding protein-1 in smooth muscle cells is downregulated in a rhesus monkey model of chronic allograft nephropathy. 
  • Sequence variation in the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) gene and multiple sclerosis susceptibility. 
  • Short-range Wnt5 signaling initiates specification of sea urchin posterior ectoderm. 
  • Signaling by the transforming growth factor-beta receptors. 
  • Signaling cross-talk between TGF-beta/BMP and other pathways. 
  • Singular value decomposition-based regression identifies activation of endogenous signaling pathways in vivo. 
  • Skeletal abnormalities in doubly heterozygous Bmp4 and Bmp7 mice. 
  • Ski inhibits TGF-β/phospho-Smad3 signaling and accelerates hypertrophic differentiation in chondrocytes. 
  • Smad3 Signaling Promotes Fibrosis While Preserving Cardiac and Aortic Geometry in Obese Diabetic Mice. 
  • Smad3 has a critical role in TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells. 
  • Smad3-Smad4 and AP-1 complexes synergize in transcriptional activation of the c-Jun promoter by transforming growth factor beta. 
  • Smad3-dependent nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is required for TGF-beta1-induced proliferation of bone marrow-derived adult human mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • Smads "freeze" when they ski. 
  • Smads bind directly to the Jun family of AP-1 transcription factors. 
  • Soluble TGFbeta type II receptor gene therapy ameliorates acute radiation-induced pulmonary injury in rats. 
  • Sp1, but not Sp3, functions to mediate promoter activation by TGF-beta through canonical Sp1 binding sites. 
  • Sparstolonin B (SsnB) attenuates liver fibrosis via a parallel conjugate pathway involving P53-P21 axis, TGF-beta signaling and focal adhesion that is TLR4 dependent. 
  • State-of-the-art of regulatory dendritic cells in cancer. 
  • Stimulation of lymphocyte responses by angiotensin II promotes kidney injury in hypertension. 
  • Stromal Fibroblasts Mediate Anti-PD-1 Resistance via MMP-9 and Dictate TGFβ Inhibitor Sequencing in Melanoma. 
  • Subgroup-specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes. 
  • Superoxide dismutase mimetic reduces hypoxia-induced O2*-, TGF-beta, and VEGF production by macrophages. 
  • Suppressing autoimmunity by TGF-β: not just through T(reg) cells. 
  • Suppression of tumorigenesis and induction of p15(ink4b) by Smad4/DPC4 in human pancreatic cancer cells. 
  • Systemic transforming growth factor-beta1 gene therapy induces Foxp3+ regulatory cells, restores self-tolerance, and facilitates regeneration of beta cell function in overtly diabetic nonobese diabetic mice. 
  • T cell receptor (TCR) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling converge on DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase to control forkhead box protein 3 (foxp3) locus methylation and inducible regulatory T cell differentiation. 
  • T-helper 2 and 3 type immunity to trophoblast in successful in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. 
  • TGF beta signals through a heteromeric protein kinase receptor complex. 
  • TGF-beta regulates expression of tenascin alternative-splicing isoforms in fetal rat lung. 
  • TGF-beta related genes in development. 
  • TGF-beta-induced myelin peptide-specific regulatory T cells mediate antigen-specific suppression of induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of Smad3 regulates its interaction with coactivator p300/CREB-binding protein. 
  • TGF-beta: a new role for an old AktTOR. 
  • TGF-β Family Signaling in the Control of Cell Proliferation and Survival. 
  • TGF-β regulates LARG and GEF-H1 during EMT to affect stiffening response to force and cell invasion. 
  • TGF-β signalling is required for CD4⁺ T cell homeostasis but dispensable for regulatory T cell function. 
  • TGF-β superfamily co-receptors in cancer. 
  • TGF-β-Regulated MicroRNAs and Their Function in Cancer Biology. 
  • TGF-β-induced stromal CYR61 promotes resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through downregulation of the nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hCNT3. 
  • TGF-β-mediated silencing of genomic organizer SATB1 promotes Tfh cell differentiation and formation of intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures. 
  • TGF-β-miR-34a-CCL22 signaling-induced Treg cell recruitment promotes venous metastases of HBV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. 
  • TGFbeta-stimulated Smad1/5 phosphorylation requires the ALK5 L45 loop and mediates the pro-migratory TGFbeta switch. 
  • TGFβ Superfamily Members Mediate Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Induced Obese Frailty in Male Mice. 
  • TGFβ/Smad3 signal pathway is not required for epidermal Langerhans cell development. 
  • TLR agonists regulate PDGF-B production and cell proliferation through TGF-beta/type I IFN crosstalk. 
  • Targeted activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in vivo induces restrictive cardiomyopathy and conduction defects. 
  • Targeted disruption of Smad3 reveals an essential role in transforming growth factor beta-mediated signal transduction. 
  • Targeting miR-23a in CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes prevents tumor-dependent immunosuppression. 
  • Temporal onset of hypoxia and oxidative stress after pulmonary irradiation. 
  • Tethered-TGF-beta increases extracellular matrix production of vascular smooth muscle cells. 
  • Tgf-beta inhibits activation and uveitogenicity of primary but not of fully polarized retinal antigen-specific memory-effector T cells. 
  • The BMP signaling pathway leads to enhanced proliferation in serous ovarian cancer-A potential therapeutic target. 
  • The DVR gene family in embryonic development. 
  • The Genomic Landscape of Actinic Keratosis. 
  • The Immune Landscape of Cancer. 
  • The MEK pathway is required for stimulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) by transforming growth factor-beta. 
  • The Role of TGF-β in the Association Between Primary Graft Dysfunction and Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome. 
  • The Smads: transcriptional regulation and mouse models. 
  • The TGF-beta-related DVR gene family in mammalian development. 
  • The TGF-β/HDAC7 axis suppresses TCA cycle metabolism in renal cancer. 
  • The activated transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway in peritoneal metastases is a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. 
  • The activity of guanine exchange factor NET1 is essential for transforming growth factor-beta-mediated stress fiber formation. 
  • The biology of ovarian cancer. 
  • The forkhead/winged helix gene Mf1 is disrupted in the pleiotropic mouse mutation congenital hydrocephalus. 
  • The human plasminogen activator inhibitor type I gene promoter targets to kidney. 
  • The inhibition of differentiation caused by TGFbeta in fetal myoblasts is dependent upon selective expression of PKCtheta: a possible molecular basis for myoblast diversification during limb histogenesis. 
  • The interaction of endoglin with beta-arrestin2 regulates transforming growth factor-beta-mediated ERK activation and migration in endothelial cells. 
  • The loss of Smad3 results in a lower rate of bone formation and osteopenia through dysregulation of osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis. 
  • The nephritogenic immune response. 
  • The role of Smad3 in mediating mouse hepatic stellate cell activation. 
  • The role of the extracellular matrix protein TGFBI in cancer. 
  • The role of the forkhead transcription factor, Foxc1, in the development of the mouse lacrimal gland. 
  • The selective estrogen receptor modulator arzoxifene and the rexinoid LG100268 cooperate to promote transforming growth factor beta-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer. 
  • The type III TGF-beta receptor suppresses breast cancer progression through GIPC-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta signaling. 
  • The type III transforming growth factor-beta receptor negatively regulates nuclear factor kappa B signaling through its interaction with beta-arrestin2. 
  • The use of allograft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein for instrumented atlantoaxial fusions. 
  • The viral oncoprotein E1A blocks transforming growth factor beta-mediated induction of p21/WAF1/Cip1 and p15/INK4B. 
  • Thrombospondin-1 is a major activator of TGF-beta1 in vivo. 
  • Thrombospondin-1 regulates the normal prostate in vivo through angiogenesis and TGF-beta activation. 
  • Tissue transglutaminase is expressed as a host response to tumor invasion and inhibits tumor growth. 
  • Toward understanding cancer stem cell heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment. 
  • Transcriptional regulation of matrix gla protein. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta 1 can induce CIP1/WAF1 expression independent of the p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta 1 dysregulation in a human oral carcinoma tumour progression model. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta activates the promoter of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B through an Sp1 consensus site. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta induces the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 through a p53-independent mechanism. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta modulates gonadotropin receptor expression in porcine and rat granulosa cells differently. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta stimulates the human immunodeficiency virus 1 enhancer and requires NF-kappaB activity. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta-mediated transcriptional repression of c-myc is dependent on direct binding of Smad3 to a novel repressive Smad binding element. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta3 promotes fascial wound healing in a new animal model. 
  • Transforming growth factor β-mediated suppression of antitumor T cells requires FoxP1 transcription factor expression. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and 2 in the synovial-like interface membrane between implant and bone in loosening of total hip arthroplasty. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor expression during intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia and biliary fibrosis in the rat. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta differentially inhibits epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells from primary and metastatic isolates without up-regulation of p21WAF1. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta inhibits proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells obtained from ascites. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in cancer. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta-mediated p15(INK4B) induction and growth inhibition in astrocytes is SMAD3-dependent and a pathway prominently altered in human glioma cell lines. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta1 antisense treatment of rat vein grafts reduces the accumulation of collagen and increases the accumulation of h-caldesmon. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell activation is mediated via Smad3. 
  • Transforming growth factors beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 messenger RNA and protein expression in mouse uterus and vagina during estrogen-induced growth: a comparison to other estrogen-regulated genes. 
  • Transgenic mice as a model to study the role of TGF-beta-related molecules in hair follicles. 
  • Tumor Endothelial Cells with Distinct Patterns of TGFβ-Driven Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. 
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor growth factor-beta1 genotype: partial association with intragraft gene expression in two cases of long-term peripheral tolerance to a kidney transplant. 
  • Tumor suppressor Smad4 is a transforming growth factor beta-inducible DNA binding protein. 
  • Tumor suppressor gene Smad4/DPC4, its downstream target genes, and regulation of cell cycle. 
  • Tumor-specific efficacy of transforming growth factor-beta RI inhibition in Eker rats. 
  • Two-photon molecular excitation imaging of Ca2+ transients in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. 
  • Type III TGF-β receptor downregulation generates an immunotolerant tumor microenvironment. 
  • TβRIII independently binds type I and type II TGF-β receptors to inhibit TGF-β signaling. 
  • Tγδ17 cells build up the nerve. 
  • Ubiquitin-mediated degradation a mechanism for fine-tuning TGF-beta signaling. 
  • Ultrafast mid-IR laser scalpel: protein signals of the fundamental limits to minimally invasive surgery. 
  • Use of rhBMP-2 for adult spinal deformity surgery: patterns of usage and changes over the past decade. 
  • Using plasma transforming growth factor beta-1 during radiotherapy to select patients for dose escalation. 
  • Vaccine therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. 
  • Variation in osteoarthritis biomarkers from activity not food consumption. 
  • Vascular morphogenesis: tales of two syndromes. 
  • Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy vs. hyperplasia. Autocrine transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression determines growth response to angiotensin II. 
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) inhibits the proliferation of bone marrow progenitors through the VPAC1 receptor. 
  • X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein functions as a cofactor in transforming growth factor-beta signaling. 
  • c-Jun enhancement of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-dependent transcription induced by transforming growth factor-beta is independent of c-Jun binding to DNA. 
  • dbl-1/TGF-β and daf-12/NHR Signaling Mediate Cell-Nonautonomous Effects of daf-16/FOXO on Starvation-Induced Developmental Arrest 
  • miR-1269 promotes metastasis and forms a positive feedback loop with TGF-β. 
  • p38 MAPK is essential for secondary axis specification and patterning in sea urchin embryos. 
  • β-arrestin deficiency protects against pulmonary fibrosis in mice and prevents fibroblast invasion of extracellular matrix. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Berchuck, Andrew, James M. Ingram Distinguished Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Cell Biology
  • Hanks, Brent A., Associate Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., Research Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • Liu, Yutao, Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Medical Genetics
  • McLendon, Roger Edwin, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Olson, Steven Arthur, Goldner Jones Distinguished Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Sampson, John Howard, Robert H., M.D. and Gloria Wilkins Professor of Neurosurgery, in the School of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering
  • Taylor, Gregory Alan, Professor in Medicine, Integrative Immunobiology