Drug Costs

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Me-too" products--friend or foe? 
  • A clinical decision and economic analysis model of cancer pain management. 
  • A cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatitis B vaccine in predialysis patients. 
  • A multicenter, retrospective pilot study of resource use and costs associated with severity of disease in glaucoma. 
  • A novel approach to maintain planned dose chemotherapy on time: a decision-making tool to improve patient care. 
  • A pharmacy management intervention for optimizing drug therapy for nursing home patients. 
  • A retrospective cohort study of economic outcomes and adherence to monotherapy with metformin, pioglitazone, or a sulfonylurea among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States from 2003 to 2005. 
  • ALSUntangled No. 34: GM604. 
  • ALSUntangled No. 47: RT001. 
  • Adoption of pharmaceutical innovation and the growth of drug expenditure in Taiwan: is it cost effective? 
  • Adverse Change in Employment Status After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Analysis From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study. 
  • Aerosolized ribavirin: the most expensive drug for pneumonia. 
  • Age and persistent use of cardiovascular medication after acute coronary syndrome: results from medication applied and sustained over time. 
  • Albumin industry launches global promotion. 
  • American Society of Clinical Oncology guidance statement: the cost of cancer care. 
  • An economic and quality-of-life assessment of basiliximab vs antithymocyte globulin immunoprophylaxis in renal transplantation. 
  • An open-label, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of daptomycin versus vancomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infection. 
  • Analysis of the North Carolina long-term care polypharmacy initiative: a multiple-cohort approach using propensity-score matching for both evaluation and targeting. 
  • Anticoagulants in pregnancy. 
  • Appropriate Antibiotic Prescribing-The Safer and Less Expensive Choice. 
  • Appropriateness of medication prescribing in ambulatory elderly patients. 
  • Are free anti-tuberculosis drugs enough? An empirical study from three cities in China. 
  • Assessing the clinical and economic burden of coronary artery disease: 1986-1998. 
  • Association Between Exercise Frequency and Health Care Costs Among Employees at a Large University and Academic Medical Center. 
  • Brand Medications and Medicare Part D: How Eye Care Providers' Prescribing Patterns Influence Costs. 
  • Cancer treatment cost in the United States: has the burden shifted over time? 
  • Cardiovascular Drug Pricing: Less Innovation for More Access? 
  • Challenges and Potential Improvements to Patient Access to Pharmaceuticals: Examples From Cardiology. 
  • Clinical Trial Design in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. 
  • Clinical and economic impact of newer versus older antipsychotic medications in a community mental health center. 
  • Comment: Compulsory Licensing of Patented Pharmaceutical Inventions: Evaluating the Options 
  • Commercial features of placebo and therapeutic efficacy. 
  • Comparative effectiveness: insights on treatment options for open-angle glaucoma. 
  • Comparing Medical Costs and Use After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. 
  • Comparing the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty with topical medication as initial treatment (the Glaucoma Initial Treatment Study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. 
  • Continental Divide? The attitudes of US and Canadian oncologists on the costs, cost-effectiveness, and health policies associated with new cancer drugs. 
  • Conversations in cardiology: bridging antiplatelet therapy before surgery. 
  • Copay Assistance for Expensive Drugs: A Helping Hand That Raises Costs. 
  • Copayment Reduction Voucher Utilization and Associations With Medication Persistence and Clinical Outcomes: Findings From the ARTEMIS Trial. 
  • Cost analysis of aprotinin for coronary artery bypass patients: analysis of the randomized trials. 
  • Cost effectiveness analysis of early zidovudine treatment of HIV infected patients. 
  • Cost effectiveness of abciximab during routine medical practice. 
  • Cost effectiveness of ixabepilone plus capecitabine for metastatic breast cancer progressing after anthracycline and taxane treatment. 
  • Cost impact of oral capecitabine compared to intravenous taxane-based chemotherapy in first-line metastatic breast cancer. 
  • Cost of invasive fungal infections in the era of new diagnostics and expanded treatment options. 
  • Cost utility of sequential adjuvant trastuzumab for HER2/Neu-positive breast cancer. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Qsymia for Weight Loss. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Multigene Pharmacogenetic Testing in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. 
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Primary Aldosteronism and Subtype Diagnosis in the Resistant Hypertensive Patients. 
  • Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence in a Nationally Representative US Population with Self-Reported Glaucoma. 
  • Cost-effective reduction of neuromuscular-blocking drug expenditures. 
  • Cost-effectiveness models of clinical trials of new pharmaceuticals for AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: are they helpful to policy makers? 
  • Cost-effectiveness of ADHD treatments: findings from the multimodal treatment study of children with ADHD. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of Intravitreal Ranibizumab With Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy Compared With Ranibizumab Monotherapy for Patients With Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of bevacizumab and ranibizumab for newly diagnosed neovascular macular degeneration. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of coronary stenting and abciximab for patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the CADILLAC (Controlled Abciximab and Device Investigation to Lower Late Angioplasty Complications) trial. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence in primary care settings: a multinational comparison. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of posaconazole versus fluconazole or itraconazole in the prevention of invasive fungal infections among neutropenic patients in the United States. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of prophylaxis treatment strategies for febrile neutropenia in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine in a randomized trial of treatment for chronic schizophrenia. 
  • Cost-related nonadherence in the Medicare program: the impact of Part D. 
  • Costs associated with febrile neutropenia in the US. 
  • Cryoprecipitate therapy. 
  • DRIVE it home: making the case for prospective economic data collection in randomized clinical trials. 
  • Differential pricing of pharmaceuticals in the internet age. 
  • Docetaxel chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: cost of care in Medicare and commercial populations. 
  • Does generic entry always increase consumer welfare? 
  • Drug Development. Are trade secrets delaying biosimilars? 
  • Early Cessation of Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors Among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the TRANSLATE-ACS Study (Treatment With Adenosine Diphosphate Receptor Inhibitors: Longitudinal Assessment of Treatment Patterns and Events After Acute Coronary Syndrome). 
  • Economic Evaluation of Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. 
  • Economic analysis in eye disease. 
  • Economic analysis of gene expression profile data to guide adjuvant treatment in women with early-stage breast cancer. 
  • Economic analysis of influenza vaccination and antiviral treatment for healthy working adults. 
  • Economic analysis of the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT-3) study: costs of reperfusion strategies in acute myocardial infarction. 
  • Economic burden of heart failure in the elderly. 
  • Economic evaluation of filgrastim, sargramostim, and sequential sargramostim and filgrastim after myelosuppressive chemotherapy. 
  • Economic impact of paclitaxel shortage in patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer. 
  • Economic return of clinical trials performed under the pediatric exclusivity program. 
  • Economics and cost-effectiveness in evaluating the value of cardiovascular therapies. Evaluating the economic implications of cardiovascular therapeutics. 
  • Economics of low-molecular weight heparins. 
  • Economics of new oncology drug development. 
  • Economics, health-related quality of life, and cost-effectiveness methods for the TACTICS (Treat Angina With Aggrastat [tirofiban]] and Determine Cost of Therapy with Invasive or Conservative Strategy)-TIMI 18 trial. 
  • Effect of Medication Co-payment Vouchers on P2Y12 Inhibitor Use and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Myocardial Infarction: The ARTEMIS Randomized Clinical Trial. 
  • Emerging treatment of acute coronary syndromes with platelet glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitors. 
  • Essentials of prescribing in the era of the Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act. 
  • Estimated Costs and Long-term Outcomes of Patients With High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated With Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in the Veterans Affairs Health System. 
  • Evaluating the costs and effectiveness of cardiovascular therapies: who cares about economic analyses? 
  • Extended-Duration Thromboprophylaxis Among Acute Medically Ill Patients: An Unmet Need. 
  • FDA jeopardizes the lives of lung transplant recipients and in the process severely increases the cost to develop new immunosuppression. 
  • Financial Burden of Drugs Prescribed for Cancer-Associated Symptoms. 
  • Financing and Distribution of Pharmaceuticals in the United States. 
  • Formulary tiers, medication cost sharing, and transparency in bronze and silver qualified health plans in 2014 vs 2018. 
  • Generic clopidogrel: time to substitute? 
  • Global health and university patents. 
  • Haloperidol for postoperative nausea and vomiting: are we reinventing the wheel? 
  • Health agencies end in-fighting on malaria. 
  • Health care cost growth among the privately insured. 
  • Health care costs. 
  • Hospital pharmacy decisions, cost containment, and the use of cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Impact of Medicare Part D on mental health treatment and outcomes for dual eligible beneficiaries with HIV. 
  • Impact of a Copayment Reduction Intervention on Medication Persistence and Cardiovascular Events in Hospitals With and Without Prior Medication Financial Assistance Programs. 
  • Impact of a chemoresponse assay on treatment costs for recurrent ovarian cancer. 
  • Impact of second-generation antipsychotics and perphenazine on depressive symptoms in a randomized trial of treatment for chronic schizophrenia. 
  • Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on cost-related medication underuse in nonelderly adult cancer survivors. 
  • Implications of cost in treatment selection for patients with coronary heart disease. 
  • Improving rational use of ACTs through diagnosis-dependent subsidies: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in western Kenya. 
  • In Support of a Patient-Driven Initiative and Petition to Lower the High Price of Cancer Drugs. 
  • In a survey, marked inconsistency in how oncologists judged value of high-cost cancer drugs in relation to gains in survival. 
  • Incremental cost-effectiveness of evidence-based non-surgical weight loss strategies. 
  • Ingredients of successful interventions to improve medication adherence. 
  • Initial management of dyspepsia in primary care: an evidence-based approach. 
  • Inpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship in Pediatrics: A Systematic Review. 
  • International price comparisons for novel and follow-on drugs. 
  • Isoniazid preventive therapy in medium-incidence settings: the price is right. 
  • Issues of cost-effectiveness in the use of antithrombotic therapy for ischemic heart disease. 
  • Late treatment of HIV infection--is it better? 
  • Levosimendan in patients with reduced left ventricular function undergoing isolated coronary or valve surgery. 
  • Lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis of ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the PLATO trial: a Singapore healthcare perspective. 
  • Longitudinal medical resources and costs among type 2 diabetes patients participating in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS). 
  • Low doses vs. high doses of the angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor lisinopril in chronic heart failure: a cost-effectiveness analysis based on the Assessment of Treatment with Lisinopril and Survival (ATLAS) study. The ATLAS Study Group. 
  • Maintenance Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Therapy for Ovarian Cancer: Precision Oncology or One Size Fits All? 
  • Management of platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis. 
  • Medical Marijuana Laws May Be Associated With A Decline In The Number Of Prescriptions For Medicaid Enrollees. 
  • Medication adherence: a call for action. 
  • Medication treatment for the severely and persistently mentally ill: the Texas Medication Algorithm Project. 
  • Mental health care from the public perspective: the Texas Medication Algorithm Project. 
  • Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Review of the Current Treatment Landscape. 
  • Modeling the Budgetary Impact of Payer Utilization Management Strategies: An Adapted Framework Based on Lessons Learned. 
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes. 
  • Neuro-oncology: What is the optimal use of bevacizumab in glioblastoma? 
  • Obstacles and proposed solutions to effective antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. 
  • Optimising outcomes: socioeconomic perspective. 
  • Patient Financial Assistance Programs: A Path to Affordability or a Barrier to Accessible Cancer Care? 
  • Patient demographics and health plan paid costs in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. 
  • Patient experience and attitudes toward addressing the cost of breast cancer care. 
  • Patient-Physician Communication on Medication Cost during Glaucoma Visits. 
  • Payment Reform, Medication Use, and Costs: Can We Afford to Leave Out Drugs? 
  • Perspectives on the Costs of Cancer Care: A Survey of the American Society of Breast Surgeons. 
  • Perverse incentives in the Medicare prescription drug benefit. 
  • Pharmacoeconomic analysis of sertraline treatment of depression in patients with unstable angina or a recent myocardial infarction. 
  • Pharmacoeconomics of the myeloid growth factors: a critical and systematic review. 
  • Pharmacoeconomics, quality of life, and combination modalities in non-small cell lung cancer: a panel discussion (Part 2). 
  • Posttraumatic stress disorder: diagnosis and epidemiology, comorbidity and social consequences, biology and treatment. 
  • Potential bias in medication adherence studies of prevalent users. 
  • Potential impact of pharmaceutical industry rebates on medication adherence. 
  • Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Drug Development: Early Considerations Based on Phase 3 Clinical Trials. 
  • Present and evolving role of eptifibatide in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. 
  • Prevalence and Cost Analysis of Chronic Pain After Hernia Repair: A Potential Alternative Approach With Neurostimulation. 
  • Price Transparency for Whom? In Search of Out-of-Pocket Cost Estimates to Facilitate Cost Communication in Cancer Care. 
  • Price differentiation and transparency in the global pharmaceutical marketplace. 
  • Primary vs secondary prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim for the reduction of febrile neutropenia risk in patients receiving chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: cost-effectiveness analyses. 
  • Programs promoting timely sequential antimicrobial therapy: an American perspective. 
  • Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Comparison of Bupivacaine versus Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Management after Unilateral Delayed Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Free Flap Reconstruction. 
  • Public Health Impact of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Decision on Pass-Through Add-On Payments for Drug-Coated Balloons: A Call to Action. 
  • Quantifying the utility of taking pills for cardiovascular prevention. 
  • Rational use of medications: if Canada can't do it ... 
  • Rationale and design of the Affordability and Real-world Antiplatelet Treatment Effectiveness after Myocardial Infarction Study (ARTEMIS): A multicenter, cluster-randomized trial of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor copayment reduction after myocardial infarction. 
  • Rationing HIV medications: what do patients and the public think about allocation policies? 
  • Regulatory and cost barriers are likely to limit biosimilar development and expected savings in the near future. 
  • Relative cost-effectiveness of treatments for adolescent depression: 36-week results from the TADS randomized trial. 
  • Repairing the broken market for antibiotic innovation. 
  • Repeat experience with the doughnut hole in Medicare Part D: when the doughnut hole becomes a tunnel. 
  • Resource use, costs, and quality of life among patients in the multinational Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT). 
  • Resource utilization and costs in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme. 
  • Rocephin--the thin end of the wedge. 
  • Should the patent system for new medicines be abolished? 
  • Specialty Pharmaceuticals for Hyperlipidemia--Impact on Insurance Premiums. 
  • Steroid treatment for myasthenia gravis: steroids have an important role. 
  • Study on Incentives for Glaucoma Medication Adherence (SIGMA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to increase glaucoma medication adherence using value pricing. 
  • Sublingual tacrolimus for immunosuppression in lung transplantation: a potentially important therapeutic option in cystic fibrosis. 
  • Subsidising artemisinin-based combination therapy in the private retail sector. 
  • Successful use of education and cost-based feedback strategies to reduce physician utilization of low-osmolality contrast agents in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. 
  • Tackling antibiotic resistance. 
  • Tailoring Antiplatelet Therapy Intensity to Ischemic and Bleeding Risk. 
  • The Global Need for a Trastuzumab Biosimilar for Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. 
  • The Role of Patient Financial Assistance Programs in Reducing Costs for Cancer Patients. 
  • The Texas Medication Algorithm Project: report of the Texas Consensus Conference Panel on Medication Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. 
  • The atrial FibriLlatiOn real World management registry in the Middle East and Africa: design and rationale. 
  • The complexity and cost of drug regimens of older patients hospitalized with heart failure in the United States, 1998-2001. 
  • The cost of assisted outpatient treatment: can it save states money? 
  • The cost of drug development. 
  • The cost-effectiveness of treating childhood cancer in 4 centers across sub-Saharan Africa. 
  • The direct and indirect costs of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in Singapore. 
  • The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s. 
  • The economics of PCSK-9 inhibitors. 
  • The economics of febrile neutropenia: implications for the use of colony-stimulating factors. 
  • The impact of treatment-resistant depression on health care utilization and costs. 
  • The implications of out-of-pocket cost of cancer treatment in the USA: a critical appraisal of the literature. 
  • The insurance effect on prescription drug expenditures among the elderly: findings from the 1997 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. 
  • The oncology care model and the future of alternative payment models: A gynecologic oncology perspective. 
  • The preferences of women with ovarian cancer for oral versus intravenous recurrence regimens. 
  • The price of drugs for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a reflection of the unsustainable prices of cancer drugs: from the perspective of a large group of CML experts. 
  • The state and consequences of dermatology drug prices in the United States. 
  • The successful implementation of pharmaceutical practice guidelines. Analysis of associated outcomes and cost savings. SWiPE Group. Systematic Withdrawal of Perioperative Expenses. 
  • Tigecycline: a new glycylcycline antimicrobial. 
  • Topical vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis in non-instrumented pediatric spinal surgeries. 
  • Trends in Insulin Out-of-Pocket Costs and Reimbursement Price Among US Patients With Private Health Insurance, 2006-2017. 
  • Tuberculosis patient expenditure on drugs and tests in subsidised, public services in China: a descriptive study. 
  • Using a Budget Impact Model Framework to Evaluate Antidiabetic Formulary Changes and Utilization Management Tools. 
  • Validating a Budget Impact Model Using Payer Insight and Claims Data: A Framework and Case Study. 
  • Value-based insurance design: quality improvement but no cost savings. 
  • Variation in the cost of medications for the treatment of colorectal cancer. 
  • What is the economic value of digoxin therapy in congestive heart failure patients? Results from the DIG trial. 
  • What is the role of combination drug therapy in the treatment of overactive bladder? ICI-RS 2014. 
  • When innovative therapies make economic sense: economic analysis of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in the ESSENCE trial--an overview. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous in non-Q Wave Coronary Events. 
  • Would greater transparency and uniformity of health care prices benefit poor patients? 
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  Keywords of People

  • O'Connor, Christopher Michael, Richard Sean Stack, M.D. Distinguished Professor, Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology
  • Reed, Shelby Derene, Professor in Population Health Sciences, Duke Science & Society
  • Ridley, David Blaine, Professor of the Practice of Business Adminstration, Duke Science & Society