AIDS Vaccines

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A CD4-mimetic compound enhances vaccine efficacy against stringent immunodeficiency virus challenge. 
  • A MUC16 IgG Binding Activity Selects for a Restricted Subset of IgG Enriched for Certain Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Epitope Specificities. 
  • A Phase I safety and immunogenicity trial of UBI microparticulate monovalent HIV-1 MN oral peptide immunogen with parenteral boost in HIV-1 seronegative human subjects. 
  • A Trimeric HIV-1 Envelope gp120 Immunogen Induces Potent and Broad Anti-V1V2 Loop Antibodies against HIV-1 in Rabbits and Rhesus Macaques. 
  • A canarypox vaccine expressing multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genes given alone or with rgp120 elicits broad and durable CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in seronegative volunteers. 
  • A centralized gene-based HIV-1 vaccine elicits broad cross-clade cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys. 
  • A combination DNA and attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine strategy provides enhanced protection from simian/human immunodeficiency virus-induced disease. 
  • A comparative evaluation of nasal and parenteral vaccine adjuvants to elicit systemic and mucosal HIV-1 peptide-specific humoral immune responses in cynomolgus macaques. 
  • A comparative immunogenicity study of HIV-1 virus-like particles bearing various forms of envelope proteins, particles bearing no envelope and soluble monomeric gp120. 
  • A computational framework for the analysis of peptide microarray antibody binding data with application to HIV vaccine profiling. 
  • A group M consensus envelope glycoprotein induces antibodies that neutralize subsets of subtype B and C HIV-1 primary viruses. 
  • A new model for catalyzing translational science: the early stage investigator mentored research scholar program in HIV vaccines. 
  • A panel of MHC class I restricted viral peptides for use as a quality control for vaccine trial ELISPOT assays. 
  • A phase I trial of preventive HIV vaccination with heterologous poxviral-vectors containing matching HIV-1 inserts in healthy HIV-uninfected subjects. 
  • A phase II study of two HIV type 1 envelope vaccines, comparing their immunogenicity in populations at risk for acquiring HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • A phase IIA randomized clinical trial of a multiclade HIV-1 DNA prime followed by a multiclade rAd5 HIV-1 vaccine boost in healthy adults (HVTN204). 
  • A trimeric, V2-deleted HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein vaccine elicits potent neutralizing antibodies but limited breadth of neutralization in human volunteers. 
  • AIDS 1990. Vaccines and immunology: overview. 
  • AIDS Vaccine Research Subcommittee (AVRS) Consultation: Early-Life Immunization Strategies against HIV Acquisition. 
  • AIDS response. 
  • AIDS/HIV. Host controls of HIV neutralizing antibodies. 
  • ALVAC-HIV B/C candidate HIV vaccine efficacy dependent on neutralization profile of challenge virus and adjuvant dose and type. 
  • Aberrant B cell repertoire selection associated with HIV neutralizing antibody breadth. 
  • Absence of immunodominant anti-Gag p17 (SL9) responses among Gag CTL-positive, HIV-uninfected vaccine recipients expressing the HLA-A*0201 allele. 
  • Adjuvant-Dependent Enhancement of HIV Env-Specific Antibody Responses in Infant Rhesus Macaques. 
  • Aiming to induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibody responses with HIV-1 vaccine candidates. 
  • Aiming to induce broadly reactive neutralizing antibody responses with HIV-1 vaccine candidates. 
  • Alphavirus replicon particles as candidate HIV vaccines. 
  • Alterations of the B-cell response by HIV-1 replication. 
  • Amino Acid Changes in the HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal Region Control Virus Neutralization Sensitivity. 
  • An Enhanced Synthetic Multiclade DNA Prime Induces Improved Cross-Clade-Reactive Functional Antibodies when Combined with an Adjuvanted Protein Boost in Nonhuman Primates. 
  • An HIV Envelope gp120-Fc Fusion Protein Elicits Effector Antibody Responses in Rhesus Macaques. 
  • An adenovirus-based HIV subtype B prime/boost vaccine regimen elicits antibodies mediating broad antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against non-subtype B HIV strains. 
  • An alternative and effective HIV vaccination approach based on inhibition of antigen presentation attenuators in dendritic cells. 
  • An automated HIV-1 Env-pseudotyped virus production for global HIV vaccine trials. 
  • An effective AIDS vaccine based on live attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus recombinants. 
  • An interview with Barton Haynes. A new virtual center. Interview by Simon Noble. 
  • Analysis of HLA A*02 association with vaccine efficacy in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial. 
  • Analysis of V2 antibody responses induced in vaccinees in the ALVAC/AIDSVAX HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial. 
  • Ancestral and consensus envelope immunogens for HIV-1 subtype C. 
  • Antibody Fc effector functions and IgG3 associate with decreased HIV-1 risk. 
  • Antibody Lineages with Vaccine-Induced Antigen-Binding Hotspots Develop Broad HIV Neutralization. 
  • Antibody Responses Elicited by Immunization with BG505 Trimer Immune Complexes. 
  • Antibody and cellular responses to HIV vaccine regimens with DNA plasmid as compared with ALVAC priming: An analysis of two randomized controlled trials. 
  • Antibody light-chain-restricted recognition of the site of immune pressure in the RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial is phylogenetically conserved. 
  • Antibody polyspecificity and neutralization of HIV-1: a hypothesis. 
  • Antibody to HSV gD peptide induced by vaccination does not protect against HSV-2 infection in HSV-2 seronegative women. 
  • Antibody to native human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins induced by IIIB and MN recombinant gp120 vaccines. The NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • Antibody-Mediated Internalization of Infectious HIV-1 Virions Differs among Antibody Isotypes and Subclasses. 
  • Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediating antibodies from an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial target multiple epitopes and preferentially use the VH1 gene family. 
  • Antibody-virus co-evolution in HIV infection: paths for HIV vaccine development. 
  • Antigen-specific T-cell-mediated immunity after HIV-1 infection: implications for vaccine control of HIV development. 
  • Antigenicity and immunogenicity of HIV-1 consensus subtype B envelope glycoproteins. 
  • Antigenicity and immunogenicity of RV144 vaccine AIDSVAX clade E envelope immunogen is enhanced by a gp120 N-terminal deletion. 
  • Approaches to the development of broadly protective HIV vaccines: challenges posed by the genetic, biological and antigenic variability of HIV-1: Report from a meeting of the WHO-UNAIDS Vaccine Advisory Committee Geneva, 21-23 February 2000. 
  • Augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibody by priming with gp160 recombinant vaccinia and boosting with rgp160 in vaccinia-naive adults. The NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. 
  • B cell responses to HIV-1 infection and vaccination: pathways to preventing infection. 
  • B-cell-lineage immunogen design in vaccine development with HIV-1 as a case study. 
  • Bacterially expressed HIV-1 gp120 outer-domain fragment immunogens with improved stability and affinity for CD4-binding site neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Balance of cellular and humoral immunity determines the level of protection by HIV vaccines in rhesus macaque models of HIV infection. 
  • Boosting of HIV envelope CD4 binding site antibodies with long variable heavy third complementarity determining region in the randomized double blind RV305 HIV-1 vaccine trial. 
  • Boosting with AIDSVAX B/E Enhances Env Constant Region 1 and 2 Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Breadth and Potency. 
  • Boosting with Subtype C CN54rgp140 Protein Adjuvanted with Glucopyranosyl Lipid Adjuvant after Priming with HIV-DNA and HIV-MVA Is Safe and Enhances Immune Responses: A Phase I Trial. 
  • Breadth of neutralizing antibodies elicited by stable, homogeneous clade A and clade C HIV-1 gp140 envelope trimers in guinea pigs. 
  • Bridging Vaccine-Induced HIV-1 Neutralizing and Effector Antibody Responses in Rabbit and Rhesus Macaque Animal Models. 
  • Brief Report: Prediction of Serum HIV-1 Neutralization Titers After Passive Administration of VRC01. 
  • Bringing the path toward an HIV-1 vaccine into focus. 
  • Broad and potent HIV-1 neutralization by a human antibody that binds the gp41-gp120 interface. 
  • Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies and the Development of Vaccines. 
  • CD4-mimetic small molecules sensitize human immunodeficiency virus to vaccine-elicited antibodies. 
  • CD8 CTL responses in vaccines: emerging patterns of HLA restriction and epitope recognition. 
  • CD8 positive T cells influence antigen-specific immune responses through the expression of chemokines. 
  • CD8(+)T-cell-mediated control of HIV-1 and SIV infection. 
  • COMPASS identifies T-cell subsets correlated with clinical outcomes. 
  • Capric acid and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose increase the immunogenicity of nasally administered peptide vaccines. 
  • Cardiolipin polyspecific autoreactivity in two broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. 
  • Cellular and humoral immune responses to a canarypox vaccine containing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env, Gag, and Pro in combination with rgp120. 
  • Centralized HIV-1 envelope immunogens and neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Centralized immunogens as a vaccine strategy to overcome HIV-1 diversity. 
  • Characterization of a trimeric MPER containing HIV-1 gp41 antigen. 
  • Characterization of functional and phenotypic changes in anti-Gag vaccine-induced T cell responses and their role in protection after HIV-1 infection. 
  • Chemical synthesis of highly congested gp120 V1V2 N-glycopeptide antigens for potential HIV-1-directed vaccines. 
  • Chemokine-adjuvanted electroporated DNA vaccine induces substantial protection from simian immunodeficiency virus vaginal challenge. 
  • Chronic ethanol intoxication enhances the production of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 by hepatocytes after human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein 120 vaccination. 
  • Clade B-based HIV-1 vaccines elicit cross-clade cytotoxic T lymphocyte reactivities in uninfected volunteers. 
  • Closing and Opening Holes in the Glycan Shield of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP Trimers Can Redirect the Neutralizing Antibody Response to the Newly Unmasked Epitopes. 
  • Co-evolution of a broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibody and founder virus. 
  • Co-immunization with multimeric scaffolds and DNA rapidly induces potent autologous HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T cells. 
  • Coadministration of CH31 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Does Not Affect Development of Vaccine-Induced Anti-HIV-1 Envelope Antibody Responses in Infant Rhesus Macaques. 
  • Cocrystal Structures of Antibody N60-i3 and Antibody JR4 in Complex with gp120 Define More Cluster A Epitopes Involved in Effective Antibody-Dependent Effector Function against HIV-1. 
  • Codon usage optimization of HIV type 1 subtype C gag, pol, env, and nef genes: in vitro expression and immune responses in DNA-vaccinated mice. 
  • Combined HIV-1 Envelope Systemic and Mucosal Immunization of Lactating Rhesus Monkeys Induces a Robust Immunoglobulin A Isotype B Cell Response in Breast Milk. 
  • Common tolerance mechanisms, but distinct cross-reactivities associated with gp41 and lipids, limit production of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10. 
  • Comparable Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Oligomeric Forms of a Novel, Acute HIV-1 Subtype C gp145 Envelope for Use in Preclinical and Clinical Vaccine Research. 
  • Comparative Immunogenicity of Evolved V1V2-Deleted HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers. 
  • Comparative Immunogenicity of HIV-1 gp140 Vaccine Delivered by Parenteral, and Mucosal Routes in Female Volunteers; MUCOVAC2, A Randomized Two Centre Study. 
  • Comparative immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys of multi-protein HIV-1 (CRF02_AG) DNA/MVA vaccines expressing mature and immature VLPs. 
  • Comparative immunogenicity of HIV-1 gp160, gp140 and gp120 expressed by live attenuated newcastle disease virus vector. 
  • Comparison of HIV Type 1 ADA gp120 monomers versus gp140 trimers as immunogens for the induction of neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Comparison of neutralizing antibody responses elicited from highly diverse polyvalent heterotrimeric HIV-1 gp140 cocktail immunogens versus a monovalent counterpart in rhesus macaques. 
  • Comparison of systemic and mucosal delivery of 2 canarypox virus vaccines expressing either HIV-1 genes or the gene for rabies virus G protein. 
  • Comparison of vaccine strategies using recombinant env-gag-pol MVA with or without an oligomeric Env protein boost in the SHIV rhesus macaque model. 
  • Complement-activating antibodies in sera from infected individuals and vaccinated volunteers that target human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to complement receptor type 1 (CR1, CD35). 
  • Complete functional mapping of infection- and vaccine-elicited antibodies against the fusion peptide of HIV. 
  • Complex immune correlates of protection in HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials. 
  • Comprehension of a simplified assent form in a vaccine trial for adolescents. 
  • Conditional antibody expression to avoid central B cell deletion in humanized HIV-1 vaccine mouse models. 
  • Conference on advances in AIDS vaccine development--1993. Summary: correlates of HIV Immunity Working Group. 
  • Consensus and ancestral state HIV vaccines. 
  • Consistent elicitation of cross-clade HIV-neutralizing responses achieved in guinea pigs after fusion peptide priming by repetitive envelope trimer boosting. 
  • Contrasting Adult and Infant Immune Responses to HIV Infection and Vaccination. 
  • Contribution of proteasome-catalyzed peptide cis-splicing to viral targeting by CD8+ T cells in HIV-1 infection. 
  • Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine. 
  • Control of a mucosal challenge and prevention of AIDS by a multiprotein DNA/MVA vaccine. 
  • Control of simian/human immunodeficiency virus viremia and disease progression after IL-2-augmented DNA-modified vaccinia virus Ankara nasal vaccination in nonhuman primates. 
  • Control of viremia and maintenance of intestinal CD4(+) memory T cells in SHIV(162P3) infected macaques after pathogenic SIV(MAC251) challenge. 
  • Control of viremia and prevention of clinical AIDS in rhesus monkeys by cytokine-augmented DNA vaccination. 
  • Cooperation between somatic mutation and germline-encoded residues enables antibody recognition of HIV-1 envelope glycans. 
  • Cooperation of B cell lineages in induction of HIV-1-broadly neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Coping with viral diversity in HIV vaccine design: a response to Nickle et al. 
  • Critical issues in mucosal immunity for HIV-1 vaccine development. 
  • Critical role for Env as well as Gag-Pol in control of a simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P challenge by a DNA prime/recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine. 
  • Cross-Linking of a CD4-Mimetic Miniprotein with HIV-1 Env gp140 Alters Kinetics and Specificities of Antibody Responses against HIV-1 Env in Macaques. 
  • Cross-Reactivity to Kynureninase Tolerizes B Cells That Express the HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody 2F5. 
  • Cross-reactivity of HIV vaccine responses and the microbiome. 
  • Cross-subtype T-cell immune responses induced by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group m consensus env immunogen. 
  • Cross-subtype antibody and cellular immune responses induced by a polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV-1 vaccine in healthy human volunteers. 
  • Cross-subtype antibody and cellular immune responses induced by a polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV-1 vaccine in healthy human volunteers. 
  • Cytokine profiles in seronegative volunteers immunized with a recombinant canarypox and gp120 prime-boost HIV-1 vaccine. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • Cytokines as adjuvants for the induction of anti-human immunodeficiency virus peptide immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies in serum and mucosal secretions after nasal immunization. 
  • Cytotoxic T cell and neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope with a combination vaccine regimen. AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • DNA Priming Increases Frequency of T-Cell Responses to a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus HIV Vaccine with Specific Enhancement of CD8+ T-Cell Responses by Interleukin-12 Plasmid DNA. 
  • DNA prime/protein boost vaccination elicits robust humoral response in rhesus macaques using oligomeric simian immunodeficiency virus envelope and Advax delta inulin adjuvant. 
  • DNA prime/protein boost vaccine strategy in neonatal macaques against simian human immunodeficiency virus. 
  • DNA priming and gp120 boosting induces HIV-specific antibodies in a randomized clinical trial. 
  • DNA priming and recombinant pox virus boosters for an AIDS vaccine. 
  • DNA vaccine molecular adjuvants SP-D-BAFF and SP-D-APRIL enhance anti-gp120 immune response and increase HIV-1 neutralizing antibody titers. 
  • DNA vaccines expressing different forms of simian immunodeficiency virus antigens decrease viremia upon SIVmac251 challenge. 
  • DNA-MVA vaccine protection after X4 SHIV challenge in macaques correlates with day-of-challenge antiviral CD4+ cell-mediated immunity levels and postchallenge preservation of CD4+ T cell memory. 
  • DNA-MVA-protein vaccination of rhesus macaques induces HIV-specific immunity in mucosal-associated lymph nodes and functional antibodies. 
  • DNA/MVA vaccine for HIV type 1: effects of codon-optimization and the expression of aggregates or virus-like particles on the immunogenicity of the DNA prime. 
  • Demographic factors that influence the neutralizing antibody response in recipients of recombinant HIV-1 gp120 vaccines. 
  • Design and characterization of a peptide mimotope of the HIV-1 gp120 bridging sheet. 
  • Designing synthetic vaccines for HIV. 
  • Detection of binding antibodies to native and recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoproteins following recombinant gp160 immunization measured by flow cytometry and enzyme immunoassays. The AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. 
  • Determinants of antibody response after recombinant gp160 boosting in vaccinia-naive volunteers primed with gp160-recombinant vaccinia virus. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. 
  • Developing an HIV vaccine. 
  • Development and application of a multiplex assay for the simultaneous measurement of antibody responses elicited by common childhood vaccines. 
  • Development and implementation of an international proficiency testing program for a neutralizing antibody assay for HIV-1 in TZM-bl cells. 
  • Development of a contemporary globally diverse HIV viral panel by the EQAPOL program. 
  • Development of a recombinant yellow fever vector expressing a HIV clade C founder envelope gp120. 
  • Development of a tier 1 R5 clade C simian-human immunodeficiency virus as a tool to test neutralizing antibody-based immunoprophylaxis. 
  • Development of a vaccine for the prevention of AIDS, a critical appraisal. 
  • Dicistronic polioviruses as expression vectors for foreign genes. 
  • Different patterns of immune responses but similar control of a simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P mucosal challenge by modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and DNA/MVA vaccines. 
  • Diversity considerations in HIV-1 vaccine selection. 
  • Diversity of Antiviral IgG Effector Activities Observed in HIV-Infected and Vaccinated Subjects. 
  • Durable HIV-1 antibody and T-cell responses elicited by an adjuvanted multi-protein recombinant vaccine in uninfected human volunteers. 
  • Early Life HIV-1 Immunization: Providing a Window for Protection Before Sexual Debut. 
  • Early low-titer neutralizing antibodies impede HIV-1 replication and select for virus escape. 
  • Effect of HIV-1 envelope cytoplasmic tail on adenovirus primed virus encoded virus-like particle immunizations. 
  • Effect of plasmid DNA vaccine design and in vivo electroporation on the resulting vaccine-specific immune responses in rhesus macaques. 
  • Effect of therapeutic HIV recombinant poxvirus vaccines on the size of the resting CD4+ T-cell latent HIV reservoir. 
  • Efficacy of DNA and fowlpox virus priming/boosting vaccines for simian/human immunodeficiency virus. 
  • Efficacy trial of a DNA/rAd5 HIV-1 preventive vaccine. 
  • Elevation of intact and proteolytic fragments of acute phase proteins constitutes the earliest systemic antiviral response in HIV-1 infection. 
  • Elicitation of Robust Tier 2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Nonhuman Primates by HIV Envelope Trimer Immunization Using Optimized Approaches. 
  • Elicitation of neutralizing antibodies directed against CD4-induced epitope(s) using a CD4 mimetic cross-linked to a HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. 
  • Ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030: Scientific Developments from the 2016 INTEREST Conference in Yaoundé, Cameroon. 
  • Enhanced Immune Responses to HIV-1 Envelope Elicited by a Vaccine Regimen Consisting of Priming with Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing HIV gp160 and Boosting with gp120 and SOSIP gp140 Proteins. 
  • Enhanced avidity maturation of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus envelope: DNA vaccination with gp120-C3d fusion proteins. 
  • Enhanced immunogenicity of gp120 protein when combined with recombinant DNA priming to generate antibodies that neutralize the JR-FL primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 
  • Enhanced potency of plasmid DNA microparticle human immunodeficiency virus vaccines in rhesus macaques by using a priming-boosting regimen with recombinant proteins. 
  • Enhancement of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope by using the molecular adjuvant C3d. 
  • Enhancing and shaping the immunogenicity of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers with a two-component protein nanoparticle. 
  • Envelope-specific antibodies and antibody-derived molecules for treating and curing HIV infection. 
  • Epitope insertion into variable loops of HIV-1 gp120 as a potential means to improve immunogenicity of viral envelope protein. 
  • Epitope specificity of human immunodeficiency virus-1 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity [ADCC] responses. 
  • Epitope-based vaccine design yields fusion peptide-directed antibodies that neutralize diverse strains of HIV-1. 
  • Epitopes for neutralizing antibodies induced by HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein BG505 SOSIP trimers in rabbits and macaques. 
  • Establishment and maintenance of a PBMC repository for functional cellular studies in support of clinical vaccine trials. 
  • Evaluation of a mosaic HIV-1 vaccine in a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a clinical trial (APPROACH) and in rhesus monkeys (NHP 13-19). 
  • Evaluation of envelope vaccines derived from the South African subtype C human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TV1 strain. 
  • Evaluation of humoral, mucosal, and cellular immune responses following co-immunization of HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins expressed by Newcastle disease virus. 
  • Eventual AIDS vaccine failure in a rhesus monkey by viral escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
  • Evidence for immune-mediated reduction of viral replication in Macaca nemestrina mucosally immunized with inactivated SHIV(89.6). 
  • Excellent safety and tolerability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pGA2/JS2 plasmid DNA priming vector vaccine in HIV type 1 uninfected adults. 
  • Expanded breadth of the T-cell response to mosaic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope DNA vaccination. 
  • Expanded breadth of virus neutralization after immunization with a multiclade envelope HIV vaccine candidate. 
  • Expression of CD40L by the ALVAC-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vector Abrogates T Cell Responses in Macaques. 
  • FCGR2C polymorphisms associate with HIV-1 vaccine protection in RV144 trial. 
  • Fc Receptor-Mediated Activities of Env-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies Generated from Volunteers Receiving the DNA Prime-Protein Boost HIV Vaccine DP6-001. 
  • Features of Recently Transmitted HIV-1 Clade C Viruses that Impact Antibody Recognition: Implications for Active and Passive Immunization. 
  • Focused evolution of HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies revealed by structures and deep sequencing. 
  • Functional Relevance of Improbable Antibody Mutations for HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Development. 
  • Fusion peptide of HIV-1 as a site of vulnerability to neutralizing antibody. 
  • GM-CSF DNA: an adjuvant for higher avidity IgG, rectal IgA, and increased protection against the acute phase of a SHIV-89.6P challenge by a DNA/MVA immunodeficiency virus vaccine. 
  • Gender differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific CD8 responses in the reproductive tract and colon following nasal peptide priming and modified vaccinia virus Ankara boosting. 
  • Gender, age, and ethnicity in HIV vaccine-related research and clinical trials: report from a WHO-UNAIDS consultation, 26-28 August 2004. Lausanne, Switzerland. 
  • Gene deletions in Mycobacterium bovis BCG stimulate increased CD8+ T cell responses. 
  • Generation and Characterization of a Bivalent HIV-1 Subtype C gp120 Protein Boost for Proof-of-Concept HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials in Southern Africa. 
  • Generation and characterization of a bivalent protein boost for future clinical trials: HIV-1 subtypes CR01_AE and B gp120 antigens with a potent adjuvant. 
  • Generation of CD8+ T-cell responses by a recombinant nonpathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis vaccine vector expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env. 
  • Genetic and structural analyses of affinity maturation in the humoral response to HIV-1. 
  • Genetic variation of HIV type 1 in four World Health Organization-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites: generation of functional envelope (glycoprotein 160) clones representative of sequence subtypes A, B, C, and E. WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization. 
  • Global and regional molecular epidemiology of HIV-1, 1990-2015: a systematic review, global survey, and trend analysis. 
  • Global panel of HIV-1 Env reference strains for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Glycosylation Benchmark Profile for HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Production Based on Eleven Env Trimers. 
  • Glycosylation site-specific analysis of HIV envelope proteins (JR-FL and CON-S) reveals major differences in glycosylation site occupancy, glycoform profiles, and antigenic epitopes' accessibility. 
  • Gp120-alum boosting of a Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA AIDS vaccine: poorer control of a pathogenic viral challenge. 
  • HIV DNA-Adenovirus Multiclade Envelope Vaccine Induces gp41 Antibody Immunodominance in Rhesus Macaques. 
  • HIV infection in vaccinated volunteers. 
  • HIV transmitted/founder vaccines elicit autologous tier 2 neutralizing antibodies for the CD4 binding site. 
  • HIV type 1 V3 region primer-induced antibody suppression is overcome by administration of C4-V3 peptides as a polyvalent immunogen. 
  • HIV type 1 vaccine-induced cytotoxic T cell responses in phase I clinical trials: detection, characterization, and quantitation. 
  • HIV vaccine candidate activation of hypoxia and the inflammasome in CD14+ monocytes is associated with a decreased risk of SIVmac251 acquisition. 
  • HIV vaccine development at Duke University Medical Center. 
  • HIV vaccine development: perspective. 
  • HIV vaccine rationale, design and testing. 
  • HIV vaccines. Magic of the occult? 
  • HIV vaccines. Viral envelope fails to deliver? 
  • HIV vaccines: brief review and discussion of future directions. 
  • HIV vaccines: where we are and where we are going. 
  • HIV-1 CD4-induced (CD4i) gp120 epitope vaccines promote B and T-cell responses that contribute to reduced viral loads in rhesus macaques. 
  • HIV-1 Consensus Envelope-Induced Broadly Binding Antibodies. 
  • HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins from Diverse Clades Differentiate Antibody Responses and Durability among Vaccinees. 
  • HIV-1 Envelope Mimicry of Host Enzyme Kynureninase Does Not Disrupt Tryptophan Metabolism. 
  • HIV-1 VACCINES. Diversion of HIV-1 vaccine-induced immunity by gp41-microbiota cross-reactive antibodies. 
  • HIV-1 VACCINES. HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies induced by native-like envelope trimers. 
  • HIV-1 antibodies and vaccine antigen selectively interact with lipid domains. 
  • HIV-1 antibodies from infection and vaccination: insights for guiding vaccine design. 
  • HIV-1 autoreactive antibodies: are they good or bad for HIV-1 prevention? 
  • HIV-1 envelope gp41 broadly neutralizing antibodies: hurdles for vaccine development. 
  • HIV-1 envelope induces memory B cell responses that correlate with plasma antibody levels after envelope gp120 protein vaccination or HIV-1 infection. 
  • HIV-1 gp120 and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA) gp140 Boost Immunogens Increase Immunogenicity of a DNA/MVA HIV-1 Vaccine. 
  • HIV-1 gp120 vaccine induces affinity maturation in both new and persistent antibody clonal lineages. 
  • HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies: understanding nature's pathways. 
  • HIV-1 vaccination by needle-free oral injection induces strong mucosal immunity and protects against SHIV challenge. 
  • HIV-1 vaccine development: tackling virus diversity with a multi-envelope cocktail. 
  • HIV-1 vaccine induced immune responses in newborns of HIV-1 infected mothers. 
  • HIV-1 vaccine-induced C1 and V2 Env-specific antibodies synergize for increased antiviral activities. 
  • HIV-1 vaccines and adaptive trial designs. 
  • HIV-1-Specific IgA Monoclonal Antibodies from an HIV-1 Vaccinee Mediate Galactosylceramide Blocking and Phagocytosis. 
  • HIV-1-neutralizing antibody induced by simian adenovirus- and poxvirus MVA-vectored BG505 native-like envelope trimers. 
  • HIV-1: nature's master of disguise. 
  • HIV-1MN recombinant glycoprotein 160 vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immunity boosted by HIV-1MN recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • HIV-DNA priming alters T cell responses to HIV-adenovirus vaccine even when responses to DNA are undetectable. 
  • HIV-Exposed Infants Vaccinated with an MF59/Recombinant gp120 Vaccine Have Higher-Magnitude Anti-V1V2 IgG Responses than Adults Immunized with the Same Vaccine. 
  • HIV-Host Interactions: Implications for Vaccine Design. 
  • HIV-specific humoral responses benefit from stronger prime in phase Ib clinical trial. 
  • HIV/AIDS Vaccine Candidates Based on Replication-Competent Recombinant Poxvirus NYVAC-C-KC Expressing Trimeric gp140 and Gag-Derived Virus-Like Particles or Lacking the Viral Molecule B19 That Inhibits Type I Interferon Activate Relevant HIV-1-Specific B and T Cell Immune Functions in Nonhuman Primates. 
  • HLA class II genes modulate vaccine-induced antibody responses to affect HIV-1 acquisition. 
  • HLA-A and -B allele expression and ability to develop anti-Gag cross-clade responses in subtype C HIV-1-infected Ethiopians. 
  • Head-to-Head Comparison of Poxvirus NYVAC and ALVAC Vectors Expressing Identical HIV-1 Clade C Immunogens in Prime-Boost Combination with Env Protein in Nonhuman Primates. 
  • Heterologous envelope immunogens contribute to AIDS vaccine protection in rhesus monkeys. 
  • Heterologous neutralizing antibody induction in a simian-human immunodeficiency virus primate model: lack of original antigenic sin. 
  • Heterologous prime/boost immunizations of rhesus monkeys using chimpanzee adenovirus vectors. 
  • High-dose recombinant Canarypox vaccine expressing HIV-1 protein, in seronegative human subjects. 
  • High-level, lasting antiviral immunity induced by a bimodal AIDS vaccine and boosted by live-virus exposure: prevention of viremia. 
  • High-throughput quantitative analysis of HIV-1 and SIV-specific ADCC-mediating antibody responses. 
  • Highly effective control of an AIDS virus challenge in macaques by using vesicular stomatitis virus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine vectors in a single-boost protocol. 
  • Host controls of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody development. 
  • Host genetic determinants of T cell responses to the MRKAd5 HIV-1 gag/pol/nef vaccine in the step trial. 
  • Human gut microbiota is associated with HIV-reactive immunoglobulin at baseline and following HIV vaccination. 
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120-specific antibodies in neonates receiving an HIV-1 recombinant gp120 vaccine. 
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env clones from acute and early subtype B infections for standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection despite prior immunization with a recombinant envelope vaccine regimen. 
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B ancestral envelope protein is functional and elicits neutralizing antibodies in rabbits similar to those elicited by a circulating subtype B envelope. 
  • Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines. 
  • Humoral immunity induced by mucosal and/or systemic SIV-specific vaccine platforms suggests novel combinatorial approaches for enhancing responses. 
  • Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection. 
  • Identification of effective subdominant anti-HIV-1 CD8+ T cells within entire post-infection and post-vaccination immune responses. 
  • Identification of highly conserved and broadly cross-reactive HIV type 1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes as candidate immunogens for inclusion in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vectored HIV vaccines. 
  • Immune checkpoint modulation enhances HIV-1 antibody induction. 
  • Immune correlates of the Thai RV144 HIV vaccine regimen in South Africa. 
  • Immune correlates of vaccine protection against HIV-1 acquisition. 
  • Immune focusing and enhanced neutralization induced by HIV-1 gp140 chemical cross-linking. 
  • Immune responses in asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients after HIV-DNA immunization followed by highly active antiretroviral treatment. 
  • Immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 induced by canarypox expressing HIV-1MN gp120, HIV-1SF2 recombinant gp120, or both vaccines in seronegative adults. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • Immune-based interventions to prevent postnatal HIV-1 transmission. 
  • Immune-correlates analysis of an HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial. 
  • Immunization against SIVmne in macaques using multigenic DNA vaccines. 
  • Immunization expands B cells specific to HIV-1 V3 glycan in mice and macaques. 
  • Immunization of rhesus macaques with a DNA prime/modified vaccinia virus Ankara boost regimen induces broad simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific T-cell responses and reduces initial viral replication but does not prevent disease progression following challenge with pathogenic SIVmac239. 
  • Immunization of rhesus macaques with a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine elicits protective antibody response against simian human immunodeficiency virus of R5 phenotype. 
  • Immunization with HIV Gag targeted to dendritic cells followed by recombinant New York vaccinia virus induces robust T-cell immunity in nonhuman primates. 
  • Immunization with an SIV-based IDLV Expressing HIV-1 Env 1086 Clade C Elicits Durable Humoral and Cellular Responses in Rhesus Macaques. 
  • Immunization with envelope MN rgp120 vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. 
  • Immunization with recombinant HLA classes I and II, HIV-1 gp140, and SIV p27 elicits protection against heterologous SHIV infection in rhesus macaques. 
  • Immunization with recombinant canarypox vectors expressing membrane-anchored glycoprotein 120 followed by glycoprotein 160 boosting fails to generate antibodies that neutralize R5 primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 
  • Immunodominance of Antibody Recognition of the HIV Envelope V2 Region in Ig-Humanized Mice. 
  • Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of oligomeric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp140. 
  • Immunogenicity in Rabbits of HIV-1 SOSIP Trimers from Clades A, B, and C, Given Individually, Sequentially, or in Combination. 
  • Immunogenicity in macaques of the clinical product for a clade B DNA/MVA HIV vaccine: elicitation of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha coproducing CD4 and CD8 T cells. 
  • Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein with and without deletions in the V1/2 and V3 regions. 
  • Immunogenicity of HIV-1 Env and Gag in baboons using a DNA prime/protein boost regimen. 
  • Immunogenicity of NYVAC Prime-Protein Boost Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Vaccination and Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge of Nonhuman Primates. 
  • Immunogenicity of Stabilized HIV-1 Envelope Trimers with Reduced Exposure of Non-neutralizing Epitopes. 
  • Immunogenicity of a novel Clade B HIV-1 vaccine combination: Results of phase 1 randomized placebo controlled trial of an HIV-1 GM-CSF-expressing DNA prime with a modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine boost in healthy HIV-1 uninfected adults. 
  • Immunogenicity of membrane-bound HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER) segments is dominated by residue accessibility and modulated by stereochemistry. 
  • Immunogenicity of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1-like particles expressing gp41 derivatives in a pre-fusion state. 
  • Immunogenicity study of glycoprotein-deficient rabies virus expressing simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV89.6P envelope in a rhesus macaque. 
  • Immunogens Modeling a Fusion-Intermediate Conformation of gp41 Elicit Antibodies to the Membrane Proximal External Region of the HIV Envelope Glycoprotein. 
  • Immunologic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who make broadly neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Immunological and virological analyses of persons infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 while participating in trials of recombinant gp120 subunit vaccines. 
  • Immunological and virological mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection against SIV and HIV. 
  • Impact of Poxvirus Vector Priming, Protein Coadministration, and Vaccine Intervals on HIV gp120 Vaccine-Elicited Antibody Magnitude and Function in Infant Macaques. 
  • Impact of Th1 CD4 Follicular Helper T Cell Skewing on Antibody Responses to an HIV-1 Vaccine in Rhesus Macaques. 
  • Implementation of Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) guidelines within the External Quality Assurance Program Oversight Laboratory (EQAPOL). 
  • Importance of neutralization sieve analyses when seeking correlates of HIV-1 vaccine efficacy. 
  • Improved induction of antibodies against key neutralizing epitopes by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 DNA prime-protein boost vaccination compared to gp120 protein-only vaccination. 
  • Improving defences at the portal of HIV entry: mucosal and innate immunity. 
  • Inclusion of a CRF01_AE HIV envelope protein boost with a DNA/MVA prime-boost vaccine: Impact on humoral and cellular immunogenicity and viral load reduction after SHIV-E challenge. 
  • Inclusion of adolescents in preventive HIV vaccine trials: public health policy and research design at a crossroads. 
  • Increased immunogenicity of HIV envelope subunit complexed with alpha2-macroglobulin when combined with monophosphoryl lipid A and GM-CSF. 
  • Increased, Durable B-Cell and ADCC Responses Associated with T-Helper Cell Responses to HIV-1 Envelope in Macaques Vaccinated with gp140 Occluded at the CD4 Receptor Binding Site. 
  • Induction of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies in 2F5 knock-in mice: selection against membrane proximal external region-associated autoreactivity limits T-dependent responses. 
  • Induction of Heterologous Tier 2 HIV-1-Neutralizing and Cross-Reactive V1/V2-Specific Antibodies in Rabbits by Prime-Boost Immunization. 
  • Induction of Tier 1 HIV Neutralizing Antibodies by Envelope Trimers Incorporated into a Replication Competent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector. 
  • Induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte responses in seronegative adults by a nonreplicating, host-range-restricted canarypox vector (ALVAC) carrying the HIV-1MN env gene. 
  • Induction of immune responses to HIV-1 by canarypox virus (ALVAC) HIV-1 and gp120 SF-2 recombinant vaccines in uninfected volunteers. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • Induction of immunity to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 by vaccination. 
  • Induction of neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in Balb/c mice immunized with virus-like particles presenting a gp120 molecule from a HIV-1 isolate of clade A. 
  • Infant HIV type 1 gp120 vaccination elicits robust and durable anti-V1V2 immunoglobulin G responses and only rare envelope-specific immunoglobulin A responses. 
  • Infant HIV-1 vaccines: supplementing strategies to reduce maternal-child transmission. 
  • Infectious virion capture by HIV-1 gp120-specific IgG from RV144 vaccinees. 
  • Inference of the HIV-1 VRC01 Antibody Lineage Unmutated Common Ancestor Reveals Alternative Pathways to Overcome a Key Glycan Barrier. 
  • Influence of the Envelope gp120 Phe 43 Cavity on HIV-1 Sensitivity to Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Responses. 
  • Initiation of HIV neutralizing B cell lineages with sequential envelope immunizations. 
  • Initiation of immune tolerance-controlled HIV gp41 neutralizing B cell lineages. 
  • Innovations in HIV-1 Vaccine Design. 
  • Integrated systems approach defines the antiviral pathways conferring protection by the RV144 HIV vaccine. 
  • International network for comparison of HIV neutralization assays: the NeutNet report II. 
  • International technology transfer of a GCLP-compliant HIV-1 neutralizing antibody assay for human clinical trials. 
  • Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 modulates beta-chemokines and directly costimulates T cells in vivo. 
  • Intradermal HIV-1 DNA Immunization Using Needle-Free Zetajet Injection Followed by HIV-Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vaccination Is Safe and Immunogenic in Mozambican Young Adults: A Phase I Randomized Controlled Trial. 
  • Intranasal immunization is superior to vaginal, gastric, or rectal immunization for the induction of systemic and mucosal anti-HIV antibody responses. 
  • Introduction to a Special Issue of the Journal of Immunological Methods: Building global resource programs to support HIV/AIDS clinical trial studies. 
  • Is developing an HIV-1 vaccine possible? 
  • Kernel-based logistic regression model for protein sequence without vectorialization. 
  • Lessons from a multisite international trial in the Caribbean and South America of an HIV-1 Canarypox vaccine (ALVAC-HIV vCP1452) with or without boosting with MN rgp120. 
  • Lessons learned from HIV-1 vaccine trials: new priorities and directions. 
  • Lessons learned from human HIV vaccine trials. 
  • Long-term memory B-cell responses in recipients of candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccines. 
  • Longitudinal Analysis Reveals Early Development of Three MPER-Directed Neutralizing Antibody Lineages from an HIV-1-Infected Individual. 
  • Low-dose rectal inoculation of rhesus macaques by SIVsmE660 or SIVmac251 recapitulates human mucosal infection by HIV-1. 
  • Lymphoproliferative responses to recombinant HIV-1 envelope antigens in neonates and infants receiving gp120 vaccines. AIDS Clinical Trial Group 230 Collaborators. 
  • MN and IIIB recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine-induced binding antibodies to native envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolates. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Aids Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • Magnitude and breadth of a nonprotective neutralizing antibody response in an efficacy trial of a candidate HIV-1 gp120 vaccine. 
  • Magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response in the RV144 and Vax003 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials. 
  • Mapping Polyclonal HIV-1 Antibody Responses via Next-Generation Neutralization Fingerprinting. 
  • Mapping the immunogenic landscape of near-native HIV-1 envelope trimers in non-human primates. 
  • Maternal Binding and Neutralizing IgG Responses Targeting the C-Terminal Region of the V3 Loop Are Predictive of Reduced Peripartum HIV-1 Transmission Risk. 
  • Maternal HIV-1 envelope-specific antibody responses and reduced risk of perinatal transmission. 
  • Maternal immunisation to improve the health of HIV-exposed infants. 
  • Maturation Pathway from Germline to Broad HIV-1 Neutralizer of a CD4-Mimic Antibody. 
  • Mechanisms by which HIV envelope minimizes immunogenicity. 
  • Medicine. The need for a global HIV vaccine enterprise. 
  • Mixed adjuvant formulations reveal a new combination that elicit antibody response comparable to Freund's adjuvants. 
  • Modification of the Association Between T-Cell Immune Responses and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Risk by Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses in the HVTN 505 Trial. 
  • Modifications of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein enhance immunogenicity for genetic immunization. 
  • Modulation of HIV-1 immunity by adjuvants. 
  • Modulation of amplitude and direction of in vivo immune responses by co-administration of cytokine gene expression cassettes with DNA immunogens. 
  • Modulation of immunologic responses to HIV-1MN recombinant gp160 vaccine by dose and schedule of administration. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • Modulation of nonneutralizing HIV-1 gp41 responses by an MHC-restricted TH epitope overlapping those of membrane proximal external region broadly neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Molecular surveillance of HIV-1 field strains in Nigeria in preparation for vaccine trials. 
  • Monoclonal Antibodies, Derived from Humans Vaccinated with the RV144 HIV Vaccine Containing the HVEM Binding Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Glycoprotein D, Neutralize HSV Infection, Mediate Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity, and Protect Mice from Ocular Challenge with HSV-1. 
  • Mosaic vaccines elicit CD8+ T lymphocyte responses that confer enhanced immune coverage of diverse HIV strains in monkeys. 
  • Mucosal Immunization with Newcastle Disease Virus Vector Coexpressing HIV-1 Env and Gag Proteins Elicits Potent Serum, Mucosal, and Cellular Immune Responses That Protect against Vaccinia Virus Env and Gag Challenges. 
  • Mucosal and systemic anti-HIV responses in rhesus macaques following combinations of intranasal and parenteral immunizations. 
  • Mucosal immunity to HIV-1: systemic and vaginal antibody responses after intranasal immunization with the HIV-1 C4/V3 peptide T1SP10 MN(A). 
  • Mucosal immunization of lactating female rhesus monkeys with a transmitted/founder HIV-1 envelope induces strong Env-specific IgA antibody responses in breast milk. 
  • Mucosal vaccine efficacy against intrarectal SHIV is independent of anti-Env antibody response. 
  • Multi-Envelope HIV-1 Vaccine Development: Two Targeted Immune Pathways, One Desired Protective Outcome. 
  • Multi-envelope HIV-1 vaccine devoid of SIV components controls disease in macaques challenged with heterologous pathogenic SHIV. 
  • Multiple factors affect immunogenicity of DNA plasmid HIV vaccines in human clinical trials. 
  • Multiple roles for HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Multiprotein HIV type 1 clade B DNA and MVA vaccines: construction, expression, and immunogenicity in rodents of the MVA component. 
  • NIH conference. HIV vaccine development: a progress report. 
  • Neutralization of genetically diverse HIV-1 strains by IgA antibodies to the gp120-CD4-binding site from long-term survivors of HIV infection. 
  • Neutralization-guided design of HIV-1 envelope trimers with high affinity for the unmutated common ancestor of CH235 lineage CD4bs broadly neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1: can we elicit them with vaccines and how much do we need? 
  • Neutralizing antibodies elicited by immunization of monkeys with DNA plasmids and recombinant adenoviral vectors expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins. 
  • Neutralizing antibodies take a swipe at HIV in vivo. 
  • Neutralizing antibodies to HIV-1 in seronegative volunteers immunized with recombinant gp120 from the MN strain of HIV-1. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. 
  • New approaches to HIV vaccine development. 
  • New frontiers of immunotherapy for HIV. 
  • New insights into the role of host cell proteins in antiviral vaccine protection. 
  • Optimal priming of poxvirus vector (NYVAC)-based HIV vaccine regimens for T cell responses requires three DNA injections. Results of the randomized multicentre EV03/ANRS VAC20 Phase I/II Trial. 
  • Optimization and qualification of a memory B-cell ELISpot for the detection of vaccine-induced memory responses in HIV vaccine trials. 
  • Optimized Mucosal Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Prime/Soluble gp120 Boost HIV Vaccination Regimen Induces Antibody Responses Similar to Those of an Intramuscular Regimen. 
  • Oral SIV, SHIV, and HIV type 1 infection. 
  • Overview of HIV vaccine development. 
  • Pandemic Preparedness: Developing Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies For COVID-19. 
  • Pathogenicity and mucosal transmissibility of the R5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(AD8) in rhesus macaques: implications for use in vaccine studies. 
  • Pentavalent HIV-1 vaccine protects against simian-human immunodeficiency virus challenge. 
  • Perspectives on the development of anti-HIV vaccines. 
  • Phase 1 clinical trials of the National Institutes of Health Vaccine Research Center HIV/AIDS candidate vaccines. 
  • Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity testing of DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines expressing HIV-1 virus-like particles. 
  • Phase 2 study of an HIV-1 canarypox vaccine (vCP1452) alone and in combination with rgp120: negative results fail to trigger a phase 3 correlates trial. 
  • Phase I/II randomized trial of safety and immunogenicity of LIPO-5 alone, ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) alone, and ALVAC-HIV (vCP1452) prime/LIPO-5 boost in healthy, HIV-1-uninfected adult participants. 
  • Phenotypic and functional profile of HIV-inhibitory CD8 T cells elicited by natural infection and heterologous prime/boost vaccination. 
  • Plasma IgG to linear epitopes in the V2 and V3 regions of HIV-1 gp120 correlate with a reduced risk of infection in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial. 
  • Poly- and autoreactivity of HIV-1 bNAbs: implications for vaccine design. 
  • Polyfunctional Fc-effector profiles mediated by IgG subclass selection distinguish RV144 and VAX003 vaccines. 
  • Polymorphisms in HLA class I genes associated with both favorable prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection and positive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to ALVAC-HIV recombinant canarypox vaccines. 
  • Polyvalent DNA prime and envelope protein boost HIV-1 vaccine elicits humoral and cellular responses and controls plasma viremia in rhesus macaques following rectal challenge with an R5 SHIV isolate. 
  • Polyvalent envelope glycoprotein vaccine elicits a broader neutralizing antibody response but is unable to provide sterilizing protection against heterologous Simian/human immunodeficiency virus infection in pigtailed macaques. 
  • Polyvalent vaccines for optimal coverage of potential T-cell epitopes in global HIV-1 variants. 
  • Potent functional antibody responses elicited by HIV-I DNA priming and boosting with heterologous HIV-1 recombinant MVA in healthy Tanzanian adults. 
  • Potent immune responses in rhesus macaques induced by nonviral delivery of a self-amplifying RNA vaccine expressing HIV type 1 envelope with a cationic nanoemulsion. 
  • Potent, protective anti-HIV immune responses generated by bimodal HIV envelope DNA plus protein vaccination. 
  • Potential To Streamline Heterologous DNA Prime and NYVAC/Protein Boost HIV Vaccine Regimens in Rhesus Macaques by Employing Improved Antigens. 
  • Pre-clinical development of a recombinant, replication-competent adenovirus serotype 4 vector vaccine expressing HIV-1 envelope 1086 clade C. 
  • Preclinical studies of human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS vaccines: inverse correlation between avidity of anti-Env antibodies and peak postchallenge viremia. 
  • Predictors of durable immune responses six months after the last vaccination in preventive HIV vaccine trials. 
  • Preexisting vaccinia virus immunity decreases SIV-specific cellular immunity but does not diminish humoral immunity and efficacy of a DNA/MVA vaccine. 
  • Presenting native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers on ferritin nanoparticles improves their immunogenicity. 
  • Prevention of disease induced by a partially heterologous AIDS virus in rhesus monkeys by using an adjuvanted multicomponent protein vaccine. 
  • Prime-boost regimens with adjuvanted synthetic long peptides elicit T cells and antibodies to conserved regions of HIV-1 in macaques. 
  • Priming with plasmid DNAs expressing interleukin-12 and simian immunodeficiency virus gag enhances the immunogenicity and efficacy of an experimental AIDS vaccine based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus. 
  • Private demand for a HIV/AIDS vaccine: evidence from Guadalajara, Mexico. 
  • Profiles of human serum antibody responses elicited by three leading HIV vaccines focusing on the induction of Env-specific antibodies. 
  • Progress in HIV-1 vaccine development. 
  • Progress in HIV-1 vaccine development. 
  • Prolonged clinical latency and survival of macaques given a whole inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine. 
  • Prolonged exposure of the HIV-1 gp41 membrane proximal region with L669S substitution. 
  • Prospects for vaccine protection against HIV-1 infection and AIDS. 
  • Protection of macaques against vaginal SHIV challenge by systemic or mucosal and systemic vaccinations with HIV-envelope. 
  • Protection of neonatal macaques against experimental SHIV infection by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Protection of rhesus monkeys against infection with minimally pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus: correlations with neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T cells. 
  • QS-21 promotes an adjuvant effect allowing for reduced antigen dose during HIV-1 envelope subunit immunization in humans. 
  • R5 clade C SHIV strains with tier 1 or 2 neutralization sensitivity: tools to dissect env evolution and to develop AIDS vaccines in primate models. 
  • RAB11FIP5 Expression and Altered Natural Killer Cell Function Are Associated with Induction of HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses. 
  • Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of Late Boost Strategies for HIV-Uninfected Vaccine Recipients in the RV144 HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial. 
  • Rapid memory CD8+ T-lymphocyte induction through priming with recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis. 
  • Rare Detection of Antiviral Functions of Polyclonal IgA Isolated from Plasma and Breast Milk Compartments in Women Chronically Infected with HIV-1. 
  • Rational design of membrane proximal external region lipopeptides containing chemical modifications for HIV-1 vaccination. 
  • Recent advances in the characterization of HIV-1 neutralization assays for standardized evaluation of the antibody response to infection and vaccination. 
  • Recent progress in immune-based interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission to children. 
  • Recognition of synthetic glycopeptides by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies and their unmutated ancestors. 
  • Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara provides durable protection against disease caused by an immunodeficiency virus as well as long-term immunity to an orthopoxvirus in a non-human primate. 
  • Recommendations for the design and use of standard virus panels to assess neutralizing antibody responses elicited by candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccines. 
  • Reducing V3 Antigenicity and Immunogenicity on Soluble, Native-Like HIV-1 Env SOSIP Trimers. 
  • Removal of a single N-linked glycan in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 results in an enhanced ability to induce neutralizing antibody responses. 
  • Replicating adenovirus HIV/SIV recombinant priming alone or in combination with a gp140 protein boost results in significant control of viremia following a SHIV89.6P challenge in Mamu-A*01 negative rhesus macaques. 
  • Replicating rather than nonreplicating adenovirus-human immunodeficiency virus recombinant vaccines are better at eliciting potent cellular immunity and priming high-titer antibodies. 
  • Replication competent molecular clones of HIV-1 expressing Renilla luciferase facilitate the analysis of antibody inhibition in PBMC. 
  • Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity. 
  • Resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro as a surrogate of vaccine-induced protective immunity. 
  • Results of an ELISPOT proficiency panel conducted in 11 laboratories participating in international human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine trials. 
  • Retrospective. Norman L. Letvin (1949-2012). 
  • Role of immune mechanisms in induction of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Route of immunization defines multiple mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection against SIV. 
  • Safety and Immunogenicity of a Randomized Phase 1 Prime-Boost Trial With ALVAC-HIV (vCP205) and Oligomeric Glycoprotein 160 From HIV-1 Strains MN and LAI-2 Adjuvanted in Alum or Polyphosphazene. 
  • Safety and immune responses after a 12-month booster in healthy HIV-uninfected adults in HVTN 100 in South Africa: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) and bivalent subtype C gp120/MF59 vaccines. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of Env 2-3, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 candidate vaccine, in combination with a novel adjuvant, MTP-PE/MF59. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a CTL multiepitope peptide vaccine for HIV with or without GM-CSF in a phase I trial. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a canarypox-vectored human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 vaccine with or without gp120: a phase 2 study in higher- and lower-risk volunteers. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate HIV-1 vaccine in healthy adults: recombinant glycoprotein (rgp) 120. A randomized, double-blind trial. NIAID AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a fully glycosylated recombinant gp160 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine in subjects at low risk of infection. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group Network. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a high-titered canarypox vaccine in combination with rgp120 in a diverse population of HIV-1-uninfected adults: AIDS Vaccine Evaluation Group Protocol 022A. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a live recombinant canarypox virus expressing HIV type 1 gp120 MN MN tm/gag/protease LAI (ALVAC-HIV, vCP205) followed by a p24E-V3 MN synthetic peptide (CLTB-36) administered in healthy volunteers at low risk for HIV infection. AGIS Group and L'Agence Nationale de Recherches sur Le Sida. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a multivalent HIV vaccine comprising envelope protein with either DNA or NYVAC vectors (HVTN 096): a phase 1b, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a polyvalent peptide C4-V3 HIV vaccine in conjunction with IL-12. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a replication-defective adenovirus type 5 HIV vaccine in Ad5-seronegative persons: a randomized clinical trial (HVTN 054). 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of an HIV adenoviral vector boost after DNA plasmid vaccine prime by route of administration: a randomized clinical trial. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of an HIV-1 recombinant canarypox vaccine in newborns and infants of HIV-1-infected women. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of an HLA-based HIV envelope polyvalent synthetic peptide immunogen. DATRI 010 Study Group. Division of AIDS Treatment Research Initiative. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte poly-epitope, DNA plasmid (EP HIV-1090) vaccine in healthy, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-uninfected adults. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of recombinant poxvirus HIV-1 vaccines in young adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Safety and immunogenicity of two heterologous HIV vaccine regimens in healthy, HIV-uninfected adults (TRAVERSE): a randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 1/2a study. 
  • Safety of 2 recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope vaccines in neonates born to HIV-1-infected women. 
  • Scientific and social issues of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development. 
  • Screening of HIV-1 Env glycoproteins for the ability to raise neutralizing antibody using DNA immunization and recombinant vaccinia virus boosting. 
  • Screening of primary gp120 immunogens to formulate the next generation polyvalent DNA prime-protein boost HIV-1 vaccines. 
  • Selection of HIV vaccine candidates for concurrent testing in an efficacy trial. 
  • Sequential and Simultaneous Immunization of Rabbits with HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP.664 Trimers from Clades A, B and C. 
  • Shortening HIV vaccine regimens to achieve high coverage. 
  • Sieve analysis of breakthrough HIV-1 sequences in HVTN 505 identifies vaccine pressure targeting the CD4 binding site of Env-gp120. 
  • Signature for long-term vaccine-mediated control of a Simian and human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P challenge: stable low-breadth and low-frequency T-cell response capable of coproducing gamma interferon and interleukin-2. 
  • Similar T-cell immune responses induced by group M consensus env immunogens with wild-type or minimum consensus variable regions. 
  • Slowing the spread of HIV: agenda for the 1990s. 
  • Specific activation strategies for amplification of low CTL signals. 
  • Specificity and 6-month durability of immune responses induced by DNA and recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines expressing HIV-1 virus-like particles. 
  • Stable Expression of Lentiviral Antigens by Quality-Controlled Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vectors. 
  • Standardized assessment of NAb responses elicited in rhesus monkeys immunized with single- or multi-clade HIV-1 envelope immunogens. 
  • Star nanoparticles delivering HIV-1 peptide minimal immunogens elicit near-native envelope antibody responses in nonhuman primates. 
  • Statistical interpretation of the RV144 HIV vaccine efficacy trial in Thailand: a case study for statistical issues in efficacy trials. 
  • Strategies for eliciting HIV-1 inhibitory antibodies. 
  • Structural Basis for Broad HIV-1 Neutralization by the MPER-Specific Human Broadly Neutralizing Antibody LN01. 
  • Structural Constraints of Vaccine-Induced Tier-2 Autologous HIV Neutralizing Antibodies Targeting the Receptor-Binding Site. 
  • Structural analysis of the unmutated ancestor of the HIV-1 envelope V2 region antibody CH58 isolated from an RV144 vaccine efficacy trial vaccinee. 
  • Structural and immunologic correlates of chemically stabilized HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. 
  • Structure and immune recognition of trimeric pre-fusion HIV-1 Env. 
  • Structure and immunogenicity of a stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimer based on a group-M consensus sequence. 
  • Structure of HIV-1 gp120 V1/V2 domain with broadly neutralizing antibody PG9. 
  • Structure-Based Design of a Soluble Prefusion-Closed HIV-1 Env Trimer with Reduced CD4 Affinity and Improved Immunogenicity. 
  • Structures of HIV-1 Env V1V2 with broadly neutralizing antibodies reveal commonalities that enable vaccine design. 
  • Studies of high doses of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant glycoprotein 160 candidate vaccine in HIV type 1-seronegative humans. The AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. 
  • Studies of the neutralizing activity and avidity of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Env antibody elicited by DNA priming and protein boosting. 
  • Studies on GM-CSF DNA as an adjuvant for neutralizing Ab elicited by a DNA/MVA immunodeficiency virus vaccine. 
  • Studies using a viral challenge and CD8 T cell depletions on the roles of cellular and humoral immunity in the control of an SHIV-89.6P challenge in DNA/MVA-vaccinated macaques. 
  • Subtype C ALVAC-HIV and bivalent subtype C gp120/MF59 HIV-1 vaccine in low-risk, HIV-uninfected, South African adults: a phase 1/2 trial. 
  • Subtype C gp140 Vaccine Boosts Immune Responses Primed by the South African AIDS Vaccine Initiative DNA-C2 and MVA-C HIV Vaccines after More than a 2-Year Gap. 
  • Superior Efficacy of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine Combined with Antiretroviral Prevention in Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Challenged Nonhuman Primates. 
  • Superiority in Rhesus Macaques of Targeting HIV-1 Env gp140 to CD40 versus LOX-1 in Combination with Replication-Competent NYVAC-KC for Induction of Env-Specific Antibody and T Cell Responses. 
  • Synthetic peptide in mineral oil adjuvant elicits simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys. 
  • Systemic immunization with an ALVAC-HIV-1/protein boost vaccine strategy protects rhesus macaques from CD4+ T-cell loss and reduces both systemic and mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIVKU2 RNA levels. 
  • T-cell vaccine strategies for human immunodeficiency virus, the virus with a thousand faces. 
  • Targeted selection of HIV-specific antibody mutations by engineering B cell maturation. 
  • Targeting HIV-1 Env gp140 to LOX-1 Elicits Immune Responses in Rhesus Macaques. 
  • The Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) multi-site quality assurance program for cryopreserved human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 
  • The Chimpanzee SIV Envelope Trimer: Structure and Deployment as an HIV Vaccine Template. 
  • The Landscape of Targeted Immune Responses in the HIV-1 Vaccine Field. 
  • The Thai Phase III HIV Type 1 Vaccine trial (RV144) regimen induces antibodies that target conserved regions within the V2 loop of gp120. 
  • The challenges of an HIV vaccine enterprise. 
  • The design and evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines. 
  • The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for vaccine development. 
  • The immune response to HIV: implications for vaccine development. 
  • The quest for an antibody-based HIV vaccine. 
  • The role of antibodies in HIV vaccines. 
  • The use of nonhuman primate models in HIV vaccine development. 
  • Three-Year Durability of Immune Responses Induced by HIV-DNA and HIV-Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara and Effect of a Late HIV-Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Boost in Tanzanian Volunteers. 
  • Timing of plasmid cytokine (IL-2/Ig) administration affects HIV-1 vaccine immunogenicity in HIV-seronegative subjects. 
  • Timing of retroviral infection influences anamnestic immune response in vaccinated primates. 
  • Tissue memory B cell repertoire analysis after ALVAC/AIDSVAX B/E gp120 immunization of rhesus macaques. 
  • Toll-like receptor 3 adjuvant in combination with virus-like particles elicit a humoral response against HIV. 
  • Toward an HIV type 1 vaccine that generates potent, broadly cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Toward an understanding of the correlates of protective immunity to HIV infection. 
  • Transcytosis-blocking abs elicited by an oligomeric immunogen based on the membrane proximal region of HIV-1 gp41 target non-neutralizing epitopes. 
  • Treatment of children with HIV infection. 
  • Trimeric HIV-1 glycoprotein gp140 immunogens and native HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins display the same closed and open quaternary molecular architectures. 
  • Two distinct broadly neutralizing antibody specificities of different clonal lineages in a single HIV-1-infected donor: implications for vaccine design. 
  • Update on the issues of HIV vaccine development. 
  • Use of a polyanionic carbomer, Carbopol971P, in combination with MF59, improves antibody responses to HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. 
  • Use of synthetic peptides in primates to induce high-titered neutralizing antibodies and MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T cells against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retroviruses: an HLA-based vaccine strategy. 
  • V1V2-specific complement activating serum IgG as a correlate of reduced HIV-1 infection risk in RV144. 
  • V2-Directed Vaccine-like Antibodies from HIV-1 Infection Identify an Additional K169-Binding Light Chain Motif with Broad ADCC Activity. 
  • V3-specific neutralizing antibodies in sera from HIV-1 gp160-immunized volunteers block virus fusion and act synergistically with human monoclonal antibody to the conformation-dependent CD4 binding site of gp120. NIH-NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. 
  • Vaccination With Heterologous HIV-1 Envelope Sequences and Heterologous Adenovirus Vectors Increases T-Cell Responses to Conserved Regions: HVTN 083. 
  • Vaccination establishes clonal relatives of germinal center T cells in the blood of humans. 
  • Vaccination of vaccinia-naive adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp160 recombinant vaccinia virus in a blinded, controlled, randomized clinical trial. The AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network. 
  • Vaccine Induction of Heterologous Tier 2 HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies in Animal Models. 
  • Vaccine induced antibodies to the first variable loop of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120, mediate antibody-dependent virus inhibition in macaques. 
  • Vaccine induction of antibodies against a structurally heterogeneous site of immune pressure within HIV-1 envelope protein variable regions 1 and 2. 
  • Vaccine induction of antibodies and tissue-resident CD8+ T cells enhances protection against mucosal SHIV-infection in young macaques. 
  • Vaccine protection against acquisition of neutralization-resistant SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys. 
  • Vaccine-Elicited Tier 2 HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Bind to Quaternary Epitopes Involving Glycan-Deficient Patches Proximal to the CD4 Binding Site. 
  • Vaccine-Induced Antibodies Mediate Higher Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity After Interleukin-15 Pretreatment of Natural Killer Effector Cells. 
  • Vaccine-elicited V3 loop-specific antibodies in rhesus monkeys and control of a simian-human immunodeficiency virus expressing a primary patient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate envelope. 
  • Vaccine-elicited immune responses prevent clinical AIDS in SHIV(89.6P)-infected rhesus monkeys. 
  • Vaccine-induced Env V1-V2 IgG3 correlates with lower HIV-1 infection risk and declines soon after vaccination. 
  • Vaccine-induced HIV-1 envelope gp120 constant region 1-specific antibodies expose a CD4-inducible epitope and block the interaction of HIV-1 gp140 with galactosylceramide. 
  • Vaccine-induced IgG antibodies to V1V2 regions of multiple HIV-1 subtypes correlate with decreased risk of HIV-1 infection. 
  • Vaccine-induced plasma IgA specific for the C1 region of the HIV-1 envelope blocks binding and effector function of IgG. 
  • Vaccine-induced protection of chimpanzees against infection by a heterologous human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 
  • Weighted likelihood method for grouped survival data in case-cohort studies with application to HIV vaccine trials. 
  • Who will enroll? Predicting participation in a phase II AIDS vaccine trial. 
  • Will studies in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus be the key to future HIV vaccine design? 
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  Keywords of People

  • Barker, Piers Christopher Andrew, Professor of Pediatrics, Pediatrics, Cardiology
  • Cianciolo, George James, Associate Professor in Pathology, Pathology
  • Cunningham, Coleen Kathryn, Professor of Pediatrics, Pathology
  • Ferrari, Guido, Associate Professor of Surgery, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
  • Weinhold, Kent James, Joseph W. and Dorothy W. Beard Distinguished Professor of Experimental Surgery, in the School of Medicine, Immunology