Rats, Sprague-Dawley

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 17beta-Nitro-5alpha-androstan-3alpha-ol and its 3beta-methyl derivative: neurosteroid analogs with potent anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activities. 
  • 28-day toxicology test: indenopyridine RTI 4587-056 in male Sprague-Dawley rats. 
  • 3D Printed Cranial Window System for Chronic μECoG Recording. 
  • 4D micro-CT using fast prospective gating. 
  • 5-Iodo-A-85380, an alpha4beta2 subtype-selective ligand for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. 
  • 5-substituted derivatives of 6-halogeno-3-((2-(S)-azetidinyl)methoxy)pyridine and 6-halogeno-3-((2-(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy)pyridine with low picomolar affinity for alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and wide range of lipophilicity: potential probes for imaging with positron emission tomography. 
  • 6-Azasteroids: potent dual inhibitors of human type 1 and 2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase. 
  • 6-Azasteroids: structure-activity relationships for inhibition of type 1 and 2 human 5 alpha-reductase and human adrenal 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase/3-keto-delta 5-steroid isomerase. 
  • 6-Hydroxydopamine injections into the nigrostriatal pathway attenuate striatal malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid lesions. 
  • 6450 nm wavelength tissue ablation using a nanosecond laser based on difference frequency mixing and stimulated Raman scattering. 
  • 8(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is the lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid that regulates epithelial cell migration in the rat cornea. 
  • A Peptide Uncoupling BDNF Receptor TrkB from Phospholipase Cγ1 Prevents Epilepsy Induced by Status Epilepticus. 
  • A Regenerative Cardiac Patch Formed by Spray Painting of Biomaterials onto the Heart. 
  • A Small Molecule Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidinone Inhibitor of Zipper-Interacting Protein Kinase Suppresses Calcium Sensitization of Vascular Smooth Muscle. 
  • A WAVE-1 and WRP signaling complex regulates spine density, synaptic plasticity, and memory. 
  • A behavioural characterization of neonatal infection-facilitated memory impairment in adult rats. 
  • A beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-like enzyme is involved in olfactory signal termination. 
  • A circuit model for saccadic suppression in the superior colliculus. 
  • A clinically relevant model of perinatal global ischemic brain damage in rats. 
  • A comparison of 2H2O and phenylalanine flooding dose to investigate muscle protein synthesis with acute exercise in rats. 
  • A comparison of Zn2+- and Ca2+-triggered depolarization of liver mitochondria reveals no evidence of Zn2+-induced permeability transition. 
  • A critical period for the role of thyroid hormone in development of renal alpha-adrenergic receptors. 
  • A crucial role for GRK2 in regulation of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase function in portal hypertension. 
  • A feed-forward spinal cord glycinergic neural circuit gates mechanical allodynia. 
  • A futile metabolic cycle activated in adipocytes by antidiabetic agents. 
  • A low-cost, multiplexed μECoG system for high-density recordings in freely moving rodents. 
  • A low-cost, scalable, current-sensing digital headstage for high channel count μECoG. 
  • A membrane-associated progesterone-binding protein, 25-Dx, is regulated by progesterone in brain regions involved in female reproductive behaviors. 
  • A method to replicate the microstructure of heart tissue in vitro using DTMRI-based cell micropatterning. 
  • A model of intrinsic sphincteric deficiency in the rat: electrocauterization. 
  • A model of neural cross-talk and irritation in the pelvis: implications for the overlap of chronic pelvic pain disorders. 
  • A new technique allowing prolonged temporary cerebral artery occlusion. 
  • A non-invasive method to produce pressure ulcers of varying severity in a spinal cord-injured rat model. 
  • A non-pungent resiniferatoxin analogue, phorbol 12-phenylacetate 13 acetate 20-homovanillate, reveals vanilloid receptor subtypes on rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • A novel angiopoietin-derived peptide displays anti-angiogenic activity and inhibits tumour-induced and retinal neovascularization. 
  • A novel leptin receptor isoform in rat. 
  • A novel nonopioid action of enkephalins: competitive inhibition of the mammalian brain high affinity L-proline transporter. 
  • A novel rat contact lens model for Fusarium keratitis. 
  • A novel role for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy. 
  • A novel survival model of cardioplegic arrest and cardiopulmonary bypass in rats: a methodology paper. 
  • A novel urodynamic model for lower urinary tract assessment in awake rats. 
  • A pH-sensitive, neurogenic pathway mediates disease severity in a model of post-ERCP pancreatitis. 
  • A pathway of neuronal apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation: roles of nuclear factor-kappaB and Bcl-2. 
  • A pentapeptide monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor protects brain ischemia injury by targeting the eEF1A1/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. 
  • A peptide c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor blocks mechanical allodynia after spinal nerve ligation: respective roles of JNK activation in primary sensory neurons and spinal astrocytes for neuropathic pain development and maintenance. 
  • A peptide sequence on carcinoembryonic antigen binds to a 80kD protein on Kupffer cells. 
  • A peripheral cannabinoid mechanism suppresses spinal fos protein expression and pain behavior in a rat model of inflammation. 
  • A pharmacodynamic model to investigate the structure-activity profile of a series of novel opioid analgesics. 
  • A positive modulator of K Ca 2 and K Ca 3 channels, 4,5-dichloro-1,3-diethyl-1,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-2-one (NS4591), inhibits bladder afferent firing in vitro and bladder overactivity in vivo. 
  • A possible mechanism underlying mood disorders associated with LUTS: Chronic bladder outlet obstruction causes NLRP3-dependent inflammation in the hippocampus and depressive behavior in rats. 
  • A pyruvate cycling pathway involving cytosolic NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. 
  • A rapid capsaicin-activated current in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • A rat model of the cognitive impairment from Pfiesteria piscicida exposure. 
  • A reliable, nondestructive animal model for interstitial cystitis: intravesical low-dose protamine sulfate combined with physiological concentrations of potassium chloride. 
  • A requirement for the rac1 GTPase in the signal transduction pathway leading to cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. 
  • A simple technique for augmentation of axonal ingrowth into chondroitinase-treated acellular nerve grafts using nerve growth factor. 
  • A single high dose of cocaine induces differential sensitization to specific behaviors across adolescence. 
  • A small animal model of regional alveolar ventilation using HP 3He MRI1. 
  • A transforming growth factor beta type I receptor that signals to activate gene expression. 
  • A unique role for striatal serotonergic systems in the withdrawal from adolescent nicotine administration. 
  • AMP-activated kinase reciprocally regulates triacylglycerol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle: evidence that sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase is a novel target. 
  • AQP2 is a substrate for endogenous PP2B activity within an inner medullary AKAP-signaling complex. 
  • AR-R17779, and alpha7 nicotinic agonist, improves learning and memory in rats. 
  • AT1 blockade prevents glucose-induced cardiac dysfunction in ventricular myocytes: role of the AT1 receptor and NADPH oxidase. 
  • Abnormal cardiac function in the streptozotocin-induced non-insulin-dependent diabetic rat: noninvasive assessment with doppler echocardiography and contribution of the nitric oxide pathway. 
  • Absence of direct antioxidant effects from volatile anesthetics in primary mixed neuronal-glial cultures. 
  • Acclimation of C2C12 myoblasts to physiological glucose concentrations for in vitro diabetes research. 
  • Accuracy of regenerating motor neurons: influence of diffusion in denervated nerve. 
  • Acetylcholine Modulates Cerebellar Granule Cell Spiking by Regulating the Balance of Synaptic Excitation and Inhibition. 
  • Achilles tendon healing: a correlation between functional and mechanical performance in the rat. 
  • Achilles tendon injuries: a comparison of surgical repair versus no repair in a rat model. 
  • Acidic stimuli activates two distinct pathways in taste receptor cells from rat fungiform papillae. 
  • Acrylamide in polyacrylamide gels can modify proteins during electrophoresis. 
  • Activated alpha 2-macroglobulin promotes mitogenesis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells by a mechanism that is independent of growth-factor-carrier activity. 
  • Activating PKC-β1 at the blood-brain barrier reverses induction of P-glycoprotein activity by dioxin and restores drug delivery to the CNS. 
  • Activation of Cardiac Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Causes Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. 
  • Activation of NAD(P)H oxidase by lipid hydroperoxides: mechanism of oxidant-mediated smooth muscle cytotoxicity. 
  • Activation of Rac1 promotes hedgehog-mediated acquisition of the myofibroblastic phenotype in rat and human hepatic stellate cells. 
  • Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors suppresses C-fiber responses and windup in spinal wide dynamic range neurons in the absence and presence of inflammation. 
  • Activation of excitatory amino acid receptors in the rat hippocampal slice increases intracellular Cl- and cell volume. 
  • Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to the induction and expression of affective pain. 
  • Activation of kappa opioid receptors by U50488H and morphine enhances the release of substance P from rat trigeminal nucleus slices. 
  • Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR1 contributes to post-traumatic neuronal injury. 
  • Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia. 
  • Activation of the external urethral sphincter central pattern generator by a 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist in rats with chronic spinal cord injury. 
  • Active Dendrites and Differential Distribution of Calcium Channels Enable Functional Compartmentalization of Golgi Cells. 
  • Activity-dependent expression of ELAV/Hu RBPs and neuronal mRNAs in seizure and cocaine brain. 
  • Acupuncture accelerates delayed gastrointestinal transit after abdominal surgery in conscious rats. 
  • Acute and chronic dosing of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on male rat sexual behavior. 
  • Acute and chronic interactive treatments of serotonin 5HT2C and dopamine D1 receptor systems for decreasing nicotine self-administration in female rats. 
  • Acute and chronic nicotine effects on working memory in aged rats. 
  • Acute changes in intracranial pressure and pressure-volume index after forebrain ischemia in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats. 
  • Acute effects of MK801 on kainic acid-induced seizures in neonatal rats. 
  • Acute effects of cocaine on ornithine decarboxylase activity in fetal and neonatal rat heart: evidence for cardiotoxicity. 
  • Acute local subcutaneous VEGF165 injection for augmentation of skin flap viability: efficacy and mechanism. 
  • Acute nicotine interactions with nicotinic and muscarinic antagonists: working and reference memory effects in the 16-arm radial maze. 
  • Acute oral 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC) decreases both alcohol intake and IV nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Acute pancreatitis induces FasL gene expression and apoptosis in the liver. 
  • Acute pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter filter extracts in rats: coherence with epidemiologic studies in Utah Valley residents. 
  • Acute spinal cord injury persistently reduces R/G RNA editing of AMPA receptors. 
  • Acyl-CoAs are functionally channeled in liver: potential role of acyl-CoA synthetase. 
  • Addendum to “Waxholm Space atlas of the Sprague Dawley rat brain” [NeuroImage 97 (2014) 374-386]. 
  • Addition of nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine to selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W further improves contractile function in reperfused skeletal muscle. 
  • Additive and synergistic effects of fetal nicotine and dexamethasone exposure on cholinergic synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood: Implications for the adverse consequences of maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm delivery. 
  • Adenine nucleotides of ischemic intestine do not reflect injury. 
  • Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid-Promoter Interactions in the Brain Translate from Rat to the Nonhuman Primate. 
  • Adeno-associated virus-mediated ILK gene silencing in the rat NAc core. 
  • Adenosine A(3)-receptor stimulation attenuates postischemic dysfunction through K(ATP) channels. 
  • Adenosine triphosphate activates ion permeabilities in biliary epithelial cells. 
  • Adenosine-induced modulation of excitatory amino acid transport across isolated brain arterioles. 
  • Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to nonparenchymal cells in normal and injured liver. 
  • Adenovirus-mediated intraarterial delivery of PTEN inhibits neointimal hyperplasia. 
  • Adenylosuccinate Is an Insulin Secretagogue Derived from Glucose-Induced Purine Metabolism. 
  • Adenylyl cyclase expression and modulation of cAMP in rat taste cells. 
  • Adipogenic and lipolytic effects of chronic glucocorticoid exposure. 
  • Administration of nicotine to adolescent rats evokes regionally selective upregulation of CNS alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. 
  • Adolescent Ethanol Exposure Enhances NMDA Receptor-Mediated Currents in Hippocampal Neurons: Reversal by Gabapentin. 
  • Adolescent Intermittent Alcohol Exposure: Deficits in Object Recognition Memory and Forebrain Cholinergic Markers. 
  • Adolescent Intermittent Alcohol Exposure: Dysregulation of Thrombospondins and Synapse Formation are Associated with Decreased Neuronal Density in the Adult Hippocampus. 
  • Adolescent alcohol exposure alters GABAA receptor subunit expression in adult hippocampus. 
  • Adolescent and adult rats respond differently to nicotine and alcohol: motor activity and body temperature. 
  • Adolescent male rats are less sensitive than adults to the anxiogenic and serotonin-releasing effects of fenfluramine. 
  • Adolescent morphine exposure affects long-term microglial function and later-life relapse liability in a model of addiction. 
  • Adolescent nicotine administration alters serotonin receptors and cell signaling mediated through adenylyl cyclase. 
  • Adolescent nicotine administration changes the responses to nicotine given subsequently in adulthood: adenylyl cyclase cell signaling in brain regions during nicotine administration and withdrawal, and lasting effects. 
  • Adolescent nicotine exposure alters cardiac autonomic responsiveness: beta-adrenergic and m2-muscarinic receptors and their linkage to adenylyl cyclase. 
  • Adolescent nicotine exposure causes persistent upregulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain regions. 
  • Adolescent nicotine exposure produces immediate and long-term changes in CNS noradrenergic and dopaminergic function. 
  • Adolescent nicotine treatment changes the response of acetylcholine systems to subsequent nicotine administration in adulthood. 
  • Adolescent nicotine: deficits in immune function. 
  • Adolescent rats are protected from the conditioned aversive properties of cocaine and lithium chloride. 
  • Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats. 
  • Adolescents and adults differ in the immediate and long-term impact of nicotine administration and withdrawal on cardiac norepinephrine. 
  • Adrenomedullin and its binding protein attenuate the proinflammatory response after hemorrhage. 
  • Adrenomedullin expression in rat uterus is correlated with plasma estradiol. 
  • Adult olfactory epithelium contains multipotent progenitors that give rise to neurons and non-neural cells. 
  • Adult rat cortical thickness changes across age and following adolescent intermittent ethanol treatment. 
  • Age and dose-dependent effects of ethanol on the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation. 
  • Age-dependent augmentation of cardiac endothelial NOS in a genetic rat model of heart failure. 
  • Age-dependent functional crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes in a 3D engineered cardiac tissue. 
  • Age-dependent inhibition of long-term potentiation by ethanol in immature versus mature hippocampus. 
  • Age-related declines in exploratory behavior and markers of hippocampal plasticity are attenuated by prenatal choline supplementation in rats. 
  • Age-related differences in neurosteroid potentiation of muscimol-stimulated 36Cl(-) flux following chronic ethanol treatment. 
  • Aging and glucocorticoids: effects on cell signaling mediated through adenylyl cyclase. 
  • Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors stimulate actin organization in developing fetal rat cardiac myocytes. 
  • Alpha7 cholinergic-agonist prevents systemic inflammation and improves survival during resuscitation. 
  • Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors targeted by cholinergic developmental neurotoxicants: nicotine and chlorpyrifos. 
  • Alteration in Kupffer cell function after mild hemorrhagic shock. 
  • Alteration of the rat cecal microbiome during colonization with the helminth Hymenolepis diminuta. 
  • Alterations in central nervous system serotonergic and dopaminergic synaptic activity in adulthood after prenatal or neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure. 
  • Altered cocaine potency in the nucleus accumbens following 7-day withdrawal from intermittent but not continuous treatment: voltammetric assessment of dopamine uptake in the rat. 
  • Altered development of basal and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in brain regions of rats exposed to nicotine prenatally. 
  • Altered regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in hippocampus following slice preparation. 
  • Altering integrin engagement regulates membrane localization of Kir2.1 channels. 
  • Amelioration of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury with a novel protective cocktail. 
  • Amitifadine, a triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor, reduces nicotine self-administration in female rats. 
  • Amitifadine, a triple reuptake inhibitor, reduces self-administration of the opiate remifentanil in rats. 
  • An Adeno-Associated Virus-Based Toolkit for Preferential Targeting and Manipulating Quiescent Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus. 
  • An Animal Trial on the Optimal Time and Intensity of Exercise after Stroke. 
  • An animal model of adolescent nicotine exposure: effects on gene expression and macromolecular constituents in rat brain regions. 
  • An approach for treating the hepatobiliary disease of cystic fibrosis by somatic gene transfer. 
  • An assessment of cochlear hair-cell loss in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus diabetic and noise-exposed rats. 
  • An assessment of the effects of shell cross-linked nanoparticle size, core composition, and surface PEGylation on in vivo biodistribution. 
  • An oligonucleotide decoy for transcription factor E2F inhibits mesangial cell proliferation in vitro. 
  • Analysis and isolation of renal tubular cells by flow cytometry. 
  • Analysis of the globose basal cell compartment in rat olfactory epithelium using GBC-1, a new monoclonal antibody against globose basal cells. 
  • Analysis of the role of membrane polarity in polycystic kidney disease of transgenic SBM mice. 
  • Analyte flux through chronically implanted subcutaneous polyamide membranes differs in humans and rats. 
  • Anatomically dissociable effects of dopamine D1 receptor agonists on reward and relief of withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats. 
  • Androgen decreases dopamine neurone survival in rat midbrain. 
  • Anesthetic effects on cerebral metabolic rate predict histologic outcome from near-complete forebrain ischemia in the rat. 
  • Anesthetic effects on the glycerol model of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure in rats. 
  • Ang II accumulation in rat renal endosomes during Ang II-induced hypertension: role of AT(1) receptor. 
  • Angiogenesis-like activity of endothelial cells co-cultured with VEGF-producing smooth muscle cells. 
  • Angiotensin II and hypertonicity modulate proximal tubular aquaporin 1 expression. 
  • Angiotensin II blockade followed by growth hormone as adjunctive therapy after experimental myocardial infarction. 
  • Angiotensin II promotes development of the renal microcirculation through AT1 receptors. 
  • Angiotensin II stimulates proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts cultured from rat aortic explants. 
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme in renal ontogeny: hypothesis for multiple roles. 
  • Angiotensinogen synthesis in the liver is independent of physiological estrogen levels. 
  • Animal models in the research of abdominal aortic aneurysms development. 
  • Ankyrin-B structurally defines terminal microdomains of peripheral somatosensory axons. 
  • Anomalous regulation of beta-adrenoceptor signaling in brain regions of the newborn rat. 
  • Anti-inflammatory adjuvant in resuscitation fluids improves survival in hemorrhage. 
  • Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic activities of base-boronated nucleosides and phosphate-boronated nucleotides in rodents. 
  • Anti-inflammatory effects of inhibiting the amine oxidase activity of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase. 
  • Anti-inflammatory resuscitation improves survival in hemorrhage with trauma. 
  • Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic effects of Lantana trifolia Linnaeus in experimental animals. 
  • Anti-nociceptive roles of the glia-specific metabolic inhibitor fluorocitrate in paclitaxel-evoked neuropathic pain. 
  • Antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibit liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. 
  • Anticonvulsant action and long-term effects of gabapentin in the immature brain. 
  • Antidepressant-like effects of cranial stimulation within a low-energy magnetic field in rats. 
  • Antidepressant-like effects of kappa-opioid receptor antagonists in the forced swim test in rats. 
  • Antidepressant-like effects of uridine and omega-3 fatty acids are potentiated by combined treatment in rats. 
  • Antiepileptic effects of GABAb receptor activation in area CA3 of rat hippocampus. 
  • Antihyperalgesic effects of vanilloid-1 and bradykinin-1 receptor antagonists following spinal cord injury in rats. 
  • Antinociceptive activity of Syzygium jambos leaves extract on rats. 
  • Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibition of vascular angiotensin-converting enzyme expression attenuates neointimal formation: evidence for tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme function. 
  • Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides prevent acute cardiac allograft rejection via a novel, nontoxic, highly efficient transfection method. 
  • Antisense oligonucleotides directed at cell cycle regulatory genes as strategy for restenosis therapy. 
  • Antithrombotic potencies of enoxaparin in microvascular surgery: influence of dose and administration methods on patency rate of crushed arterial anastomoses. 
  • Apolipoprotein A-IV acts centrally in the brain to reduce the severity of gastric ulceration in the rat. 
  • Apolipoprotein E protects against NMDA excitotoxicity. 
  • Apolipoprotein E protects against oxidative stress in mixed neuronal-glial cell cultures by reducing glutamate toxicity. 
  • Apoptosis and delayed neuronal damage after carbon monoxide poisoning in the rat. 
  • Apoptosis in the cervix of pregnant rats in association with cervical softening. 
  • Apoptosis is not enhanced in primary mixed neuronal/glial cultures protected by isoflurane against N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity. 
  • Applications of a rat multiple tissue gene expression data set. 
  • Aquaglyceroporin AQP9: solute permeation and metabolic control of expression in liver. 
  • Arcuate glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors regulate glucose homeostasis but not food intake. 
  • Are developing beta-adrenoceptors able to desensitize? Acute and chronic effects of beta-agonists in neonatal heart and liver. 
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated up-regulation of ATP-driven xenobiotic efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier. 
  • Aspartate release from rat hippocampal synaptosomes. 
  • Assessing the effects of chronic sazetidine-A delivery on nicotine self-administration in both male and female rats. 
  • Attenuation of auditory startle and prepulse inhibition by unexpected changes in ambient illumination through dopaminergic mechanisms. 
  • Attenuation of hippocampal long-term potentiation by ethanol: a patch-clamp analysis of glutamatergic and GABAergic mechanisms. 
  • Attenuation of pharmacologically-induced attentional impairment by methylphenidate in rats. 
  • Attenuation of the neurotoxic effect of A beta amyloid peptide by apolipoprotein E. 
  • Atypical antipsychotics rapidly and inappropriately switch peripheral fuel utilization to lipids, impairing metabolic flexibility in rodents. 
  • Atypical myosin heavy chain in rat laryngeal muscle. 
  • Atypical regulation of hepatic adenylyl cyclase and adrenergic receptors during a critical developmental period: agonists evoke supersensitivity accompanied by failure of receptor down-regulation. 
  • Autoradiographic localization of proline uptake in excitatory hippocampal pathways. 
  • Aversive effects of ethanol in adolescent versus adult rats: potential causes and implication for future drinking. 
  • Axon terminal hyperexcitability associated with epileptogenesis in vitro. I. Origin of ectopic spikes. 
  • Axon terminal hyperexcitability associated with epileptogenesis in vitro. II. Pharmacological regulation by NMDA and GABAA receptors. 
  • Axonal Odorant Receptors Mediate Axon Targeting. 
  • B1 and TRPV-1 receptor genes and their relationship to hyperalgesia following spinal cord injury. 
  • BDNF mediates neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation by the cardiac glycoside oleandrin. 
  • BOO induces fibrosis and EMT in urothelial cells which can be recapitulated in vitro through elevated storage and voiding pressure cycles. 
  • Baclofen interactions with nicotine in rats: effects on memory. 
  • Bacterial infection early in life protects against stressor-induced depressive-like symptoms in adult rats. 
  • Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces uncoupling protein-2 expression in hepatocytes by a tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent mechanism. 
  • Balloon catheterization induced arterial expression of embryonic fibronectins. 
  • Baroreceptor afferents modulate brain excitation and influence susceptibility to toxic effects of hyperbaric oxygen. 
  • Baroreflex-mediated cardiovascular responses to hyperbaric oxygen. 
  • Basal and carrageenan-induced pain behavior in Sprague-Dawley, Lewis and Fischer rats. 
  • Basic fibroblast growth factor expression following surgical delay of rat transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps. 
  • Bbeta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 levels in catecholamine-induced myocardial hypertrophy: regulation by beta- but not alpha1-adrenergic stimulation. 
  • Behavioral and molecular effects of dopamine D1 receptor stimulation during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. 
  • Behavioral differences between two inbred strains of Fawn-Hooded rat: a model of serotonin dysfunction. 
  • Behavioral effects of short-term administration of lithium and valproic acid in rats. 
  • Beta Frequency Oscillations in the Subthalamic Nucleus Are Not Sufficient for the Development of Symptoms of Parkinsonian Bradykinesia/Akinesia in Rats. 
  • Beta-adrenergic control of c-fos expression in fetal and neonatal rat tissues: relationship to cell differentiation and teratogenesis. 
  • Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-2 and beta-arrestin-2 as mediators of odorant-induced desensitization. 
  • Beta-adrenergic receptor overexpression in the fetal rat: distribution, receptor subtypes, and coupling to adenylate cyclase activity via G-proteins. 
  • Beta-adrenoceptor agonists stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rat urinary bladder urothelial cells. 
  • Beta-adrenoceptor control of G protein function in the neonate: determinant of desensitization or sensitization. 
  • Beta-adrenoceptor control of cardiac adenylyl cyclase during development: agonist pretreatment in the neonate uniquely causes heterologous sensitization, not desensitization. 
  • Beta-adrenoceptor modulation of transiently overexpressed alpha 2-adrenoceptors in brain and peripheral tissues: cellular mechanisms underlying the developmental toxicity of terbutaline. 
  • Beta-adrenoceptor signaling in the developing brain: sensitization or desensitization in response to terbutaline. 
  • Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated cell signaling in the neonatal heart and liver: responses to terbutaline. 
  • Beta-arrestin-mediated signaling regulates protein synthesis. 
  • Bicarbonate-dependent superoxide release and pulmonary artery tone. 
  • Bidirectional modulation of GABA-gated chloride channels by divalent cations: inhibition by Ca2+ and enhancement by Mg2+. 
  • Bilateral pudendal afferent stimulation improves bladder emptying in rats with urinary retention. 
  • Bile ducts and portal and central veins are major producers of tumor necrosis factor alpha in regenerating rat liver. 
  • Binge pattern ethanol exposure in adolescent and adult rats: differential impact on subsequent responsiveness to ethanol. 
  • Binge-pattern ethanol exposure during adolescence, but not adulthood, causes persistent changes in GABAA receptor-mediated tonic inhibition in dentate granule cells. 
  • Biochemical and pharmacological profile of a tetrasubstituted furanone as a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor. 
  • Bioimpedance modeling to monitor astrocytic response to chronically implanted electrodes. 
  • Biological activity of interleukin-10 in the central nervous system. 
  • Bisphenol A interacts with the estrogen receptor alpha in a distinct manner from estradiol. 
  • Bladder decompensation and reduction in nerve density in a rat model of chronic bladder outlet obstruction are attenuated with the NLRP3 inhibitor glyburide. 
  • Bladder fibrosis during outlet obstruction is triggered through the NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of IL-1β. 
  • Blockade of L-selectin attenuates reperfusion injury in a rat model. 
  • Blood flow regulation by S-nitrosohemoglobin in the physiological oxygen gradient. 
  • Blood vessel matrix: a new alternative for abdominal wall reconstruction. 
  • Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Increases GAP-43 Expression via ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt Pathways in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. 
  • Bone targeting nanocarrier-assisted delivery of adenosine to combat osteoporotic bone loss. 
  • Bradykinin enhances AMPA and NMDA receptor activity in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons by activating multiple kinases to produce pain hypersensitivity. 
  • Bradykinin produces pain hypersensitivity by potentiating spinal cord glutamatergic synaptic transmission. 
  • Brain Arachidonic Acid Incorporation and Turnover are not Altered in the Flinders Sensitive Line Rat Model of Human Depression. 
  • Brain insulin lowers circulating BCAA levels by inducing hepatic BCAA catabolism. 
  • Brain oxygenation and CNS oxygen toxicity after infusion of perfluorocarbon emulsion. 
  • Brain temperature alters hydroxyl radical production during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. 
  • Brain tissue saving effects by single-dose intralesional administration of Neuroprotectin D1 on experimental focal penetrating brain injury in rats. 
  • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-activated astrocytes produce mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain. 
  • Breath timing, volume and drive to breathe in conscious rats: comparative aspects. 
  • Brief Glutamine Pretreatment Increases Alveolar Macrophage CD163/Heme Oxygenase-1/p38-MAPK Dephosphorylation Pathway and Decreases Capillary Damage but Not Neutrophil Recruitment in IL-1/LPS-Insufflated Rats. 
  • C1-esterase inhibitor and a novel peptide inhibitor improve contractile function in reperfused skeletal muscle. 
  • CNS location of uterine-related neurons revealed by trans-synaptic tracing with pseudorabies virus and their relation to estrogen receptor-immunoreactive neurons. 
  • CNS myelin wrapping is driven by actin disassembly. 
  • COG1410 improves cognitive performance and reduces cortical neuronal loss in the traumatically injured brain. 
  • COG1410, a novel apolipoprotein-E mimetic, improves functional and morphological recovery in a rat model of focal brain ischemia. 
  • Ca(2+)-regulated serine protease associated with the nuclear scaffold. 
  • Ca2+/calmodulin regulates trafficking of Ca(V)1.2 Ca2+ channels in cultured hippocampal neurons. 
  • Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV in dorsal root ganglion: colocalization with peptides, axonal transport and effect of axotomy. 
  • Calcineurin controls drug tolerance, hyphal growth, and virulence in Candida dubliniensis. 
  • Calcitonin gene-related peptide and reperfusion injury. 
  • Calmodulin regulation of excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes. 
  • Calpain-mediated AQP2 proteolysis in inner medullary collecting duct. 
  • Cannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm. 
  • Cannabis use is associated with potentially heritable widespread changes in autism candidate gene DLGAP2 DNA methylation in sperm. 
  • Capsaicin activated currents in rat dorsal root ganglion cells. 
  • Capsaicin and nicotine both activate a subset of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • Capsaicin inhibits activation of voltage-gated sodium currents in capsaicin-sensitive trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • Capsaicin, acid and heat-evoked currents in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons: relationship to functional VR1 receptors. 
  • Capsaicin-induced currents with distinct desensitization and Ca2+ dependence in rat trigeminal ganglion cells. 
  • Capsazepine, a vanilloid receptor antagonist, inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat trigeminal ganglia. 
  • Carbon monoxide reversibly alters iron homeostasis and respiratory epithelial cell function. 
  • Carbon monoxide, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial permeability pore transition. 
  • Cardiac alpha-adrenergic receptor expression is regulated by thyroid hormone during a critical developmental period. 
  • Cardiac cell therapy in vitro: reproducible assays for comparing the efficacy of different donor cells. 
  • Cardiac hypertrophy induced by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7, a specific activator for c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in ventricular muscle cells. 
  • Cardiac muscle tissue engineering: toward an in vitro model for electrophysiological studies. 
  • Cardiac myocyte p38α kinase regulates angiogenesis via myocyte-endothelial cell cross-talk during stress-induced remodeling in the heart. 
  • Cardiac vulnerability to ischemia/reperfusion injury drastically increases in late pregnancy. 
  • Cardiac-specific mindin overexpression attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via blocking AKT/GSK3β and TGF-β1-Smad signalling. 
  • Cardiomyocyte cultures with controlled macroscopic anisotropy: a model for functional electrophysiological studies of cardiac muscle. 
  • Cardiopulmonary bypass induces neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction in the rat. 
  • Cardiopulmonary bypass reduces the minimum alveolar concentration for isoflurane. 
  • Cardiovascular regulation in response to multiple hemorrhages: analysis and parameter estimation. 
  • Caspase-3 activation in rat frontal cortex following treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics. 
  • Catabolism of (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal via ω- and ω-1-oxidation stimulated by ketogenic diet. 
  • Catabolism of 4-hydroxyacids and 4-hydroxynonenal via 4-hydroxy-4-phosphoacyl-CoAs. 
  • Catalytic autoantibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP) isolated from serum of autistic children impair in vitro models of synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus. 
  • Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition alters pain and anxiety-related volitional behaviors through activation of β-adrenergic receptors in the rat. 
  • Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition increases pain sensitivity through activation of both beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptors. 
  • Cell adhesion peptides alter smooth muscle cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and matrix protein synthesis on modified surfaces and in polymer scaffolds. 
  • Cell cycle protein expression in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo is regulated through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin. 
  • Cell cycle-dependent regulation of smooth muscle cell activation. 
  • Cell death and proliferation and its relation to collagen degradation in uterine involution of rat. 
  • Cell number and distribution in human and rat airways. 
  • Cell type-specific changes in retinal ganglion cell function induced by rod death and cone reorganization in rats. 
  • Cell-Specific Chemical Delivery Using a Selective Nitroreductase-Nitroaryl Pair. 
  • Cellular patterns of insulin-like growth factor system gene expression in murine chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. 
  • Central and peripheral expression of galanin in response to inflammation. 
  • Central effect of mu-opioid agonists on antral motility in conscious rats. 
  • Central glucagon like peptide-1 delays solid gastric emptying via central CRF and peripheral sympathetic pathway in rats. 
  • Central hemodynamic effects of an oxytocin receptor antagonist (atosiban) in the isolated, perfused rat heart. 
  • Central immune overactivation in the presence of reduced plasma corticosterone contributes to swim stress-induced hyperalgesia. 
  • Cerebral amino acid, norepinephrine and nitric oxide metabolism in CNS oxygen toxicity. 
  • Cerebral blood flow and brain oxygenation in rats breathing oxygen under pressure. 
  • Changes in intracellular chloride after oxygen-glucose deprivation of the adult hippocampal slice: effect of diazepam. 
  • Changes in osmolality sensitize the response to capsaicin in trigeminal sensory neurons. 
  • Changes in sphingomyelinases, ceramide, Bax, Bcl(2), and caspase-3 during and after experimental status epilepticus. 
  • Changes in the Adult GluN2B Associated Proteome following Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure. 
  • Characterization and tissue expression of multiple triiodothyronine receptor-auxiliary proteins and their relationship to the retinoid X-receptors. 
  • Characterization of a semi-rapid method for assessing delay discounting in rodents. 
  • Characterization of deltamethrin metabolism by rat plasma and liver microsomes. 
  • Characterization of interleukin-1 production by microglia in culture. 
  • Characterization of porous, dexamethasone-releasing polyurethane coatings for glucose sensors. 
  • Characterization of the cell death promoter, Bad, in the developing rat retina and forebrain. 
  • Characterization of the facilitative effects of perinatal choline supplementation on timing and temporal memory. 
  • Characterization of the hyperpolarization-activated chloride current in dissociated rat sympathetic neurons. 
  • Characterizing the Bladder's Response to Onabotulinum Toxin Type A Using a Rat Model. 
  • Chemoprevention of NMU-induced rat mammary carcinoma with the combination of melatonin and 9-cis-retinoic acid. 
  • Chloride transport inhibitors influence recovery from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cellular injury in adult hippocampus. 
  • Chlorpyrifos elicits mitotic abnormalities and apoptosis in neuroepithelium of cultured rat embryos. 
  • Chlorpyrifos exposure during a critical neonatal period elicits gender-selective deficits in the development of coordination skills and locomotor activity. 
  • Chlorpyrifos exposure during neurulation: cholinergic synaptic dysfunction and cellular alterations in brain regions at adolescence and adulthood. 
  • Chlorpyrifos releases norepinephrine from adult and neonatal rat brain synaptosomes. 
  • Chlorpyrifos targets developing glia: effects on glial fibrillary acidic protein. 
  • Cholecystokinin action on layer 6b neurons in somatosensory cortex. 
  • Cholecystokinin excites interneurons in rat basolateral amygdala. 
  • Cholestyramine feeding lowers number of colonic apoptotic cells in rat. 
  • Choline availability to the developing rat fetus alters adult hippocampal long-term potentiation. 
  • Choline supplementation during prenatal development reduces proactive interference in spatial memory. 
  • Cholinergic projections to the visual thalamus and superior colliculus. 
  • Cholinergic receptor subtypes in the olfactory bulbectomy model of depression. 
  • Cholinergic receptors in heart and brainstem of rats exposed to nicotine during development: implications for hypoxia tolerance and perinatal mortality. 
  • Chronic IL-1beta signaling potentiates voltage-dependent sodium currents in trigeminal nociceptive neurons. 
  • Chronic ethanol consumption disturbs G-protein expression and inhibits cyclic AMP-dependent signaling in regenerating rat liver. 
  • Chronic ethanol consumption induces the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and related cytokines in liver and adipose tissue. 
  • Chronic ethanol treatment induces H2O2 production selectively in pericentral regions of the liver lobule. 
  • Chronic exposure to air pollution particles increases the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome: findings from a natural experiment in Beijing. 
  • Chronic growth hormone treatment in normal rats reduces post-prandial skeletal muscle plasma membrane GLUT1 content, but not glucose transport or GLUT4 expression and localization. 
  • Chronic haloperidol administration does not block acute nicotine-induced improvements in radial-arm maze performance in the rat. 
  • Chronic inflammatory pain leads to increased blood-brain barrier permeability and tight junction protein alterations. 
  • Chronic infusions of mecamylamine into the medial habenula: Effects on nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Chronic inhibition of alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors in the ventral hippocampus of rats: impacts on memory and nicotine response. 
  • Chronic inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase 5A prevents and reverses cardiac hypertrophy. 
  • Chronic memantine decreases nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Chronic morphine induces downregulation of spinal glutamate transporters: implications in morphine tolerance and abnormal pain sensitivity. 
  • Chronic nicotine and dizocilpine effects on nicotinic and NMDA glutamatergic receptor regulation: interactions with clozapine actions and attentional performance in rats. 
  • Chronic nicotine and dizocilpine effects on regionally specific nicotinic and NMDA glutamate receptor binding. 
  • Chronic nicotine interactions with clozapine and risperidone and attentional function in rats. 
  • Chronic nicotine reverses working memory deficits caused by lesions of the fimbria or medial basalocortical projection. 
  • Chronic nicotine working and reference memory effects in the 16-arm radial maze: interactions with D1 agonist and antagonist drugs. 
  • Chronic nicotinic agonist and antagonist effects on T-maze alternation. 
  • Chronic recurrent myocardial ischemic injury is significantly attenuated by pre-emptive adeno-associated virus heme oxygenase-1 gene delivery. 
  • Chronic sazetidine-A at behaviorally active doses does not increase nicotinic cholinergic receptors in rodent brain. 
  • Chronic underactivity of medial frontal cortical beta2-containing nicotinic receptors increases clozapine-induced working memory impairment in female rats. 
  • Chronic very low dose naltrexone administration attenuates opioid withdrawal expression. 
  • Chronic-intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence prevents normal developmental changes in sensitivity to ethanol-induced motor impairments. 
  • Chylomicron formation and secretion is required for lipid-stimulated release of incretins GLP-1 and GIP. 
  • Cigarette Smoke Initiates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Phenotypic Modulation Leading to Cerebral Aneurysm Pathogenesis. 
  • Cigarette smoke modulates vascular smooth muscle phenotype: implications for carotid and cerebrovascular disease. 
  • Ciliary neurotrophic factor is an axogenesis factor for retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Cine magnetic resonance microscopy of the rat heart using cardiorespiratory-synchronous projection reconstruction. 
  • Circulating microRNA expression profile: a novel potential predictor for chronic nervous lesions. 
  • Clarifying the Relative Impacts of Vascular and Nerve Injury That Culminate in Erectile Dysfunction in a Pilot Study Using a Rat Model of Prostate Irradiation and a Thrombopoietin Mimetic. 
  • Cloning and characterization of cytokeratins 8 and 19 in adult rat striated muscle. Interaction with the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. 
  • Cloning, characterization, and genetic mapping of the rat type 2 angiotensin II receptor gene. 
  • Clorgyline and deprenyl attenuate striatal malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid lesions. 
  • Clozapine markedly elevates pregnenolone in rat hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and serum: candidate mechanism for superior efficacy? 
  • Clozapine treatment reverses dizocilpine-induced deficits of pre-pulse inhibition of tactile startle response. 
  • Co-exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and/or permethrin causes sensorimotor deficit and alterations in brain acetylcholinesterase activity. 
  • Co-expression of nAChRs and molecules of the bitter taste transduction pathway by epithelial cells of intrapulmonary airways. 
  • Cocaine acts on accumbens monoamines and locomotor behavior via a 5-HT2A/2C receptor mechanism as shown by ketanserin: 24-h follow-up studies. 
  • Cocaine exacerbates hypoxia-induced cell damage in the developing brain: effects on ornithine decarboxylase activity and protein synthesis. 
  • Cocaine sensitization in periadolescent and adult rats. 
  • Cognitive and Behavioral Impairments Evoked by Low-Level Exposure to Tobacco Smoke Components: Comparison with Nicotine Alone. 
  • Cognitive deficits and CNS damage after a 4-day binge ethanol exposure in rats. 
  • Cognitive effects of neonatal hippocampal lesions in a rat model of schizophrenia. 
  • Collagen changes in rat cervix in pregnancy--polarized light microscopic and electron microscopic studies. 
  • Colocalization of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter markers in striatal projection neurons in the rat. 
  • Colocalization of tenascin with versican, a hyaluronate-binding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. 
  • Colonic irritation in the rat sensitizes urinary bladder afferents to mechanical and chemical stimuli: an afferent origin of pelvic organ cross-sensitization. 
  • Combined acetaldehyde and nicotine exposure depresses cardiac contraction in ventricular myocytes: prevention by folic acid. 
  • Combined effects of dietary phytoestrogen and synthetic endocrine-active compound on reproductive development in Sprague-Dawley rats: genistein and methoxychlor. 
  • Combined organizational and activational effects of short and long photoperiods on spatial and temporal memory in rats. 
  • Combining 'caged-dopamine' photolysis with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to assess dopamine clearance and release autoinhibition in vitro. 
  • Comparative absorption and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers following ingestion via dust and oil in male rats. 
  • Comparative analysis of ACTH and corticosterone sampling methods in rats. 
  • Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate insecticides: effects on brain development are separable from systemic toxicity. 
  • Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates in vivo: transcriptional responses of pathways for brain cell development, cell signaling, cytotoxicity and neurotransmitter systems. 
  • Comparison of 10-0 polypropylene and 10-0 nylon sutures in rat arterial anastomosis. 
  • Comparison of Laser Doppler and Laser-Assisted Indocyanine Green Angiography Prediction of Flap Survival in a Novel Modification of the McFarlane Flap. 
  • Comparison of continuous and interrupted suture techniques in microvascular anastomosis. 
  • Comparison of covalently and physically cross-linked polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels for the prevention of postoperative adhesions in a rat model. 
  • Comparison of the potency of competitive NMDA antagonists against the neurotoxicity of glutamate and NMDA. 
  • Comparison of valproate and phenobarbital treatment after status epilepticus in rats. 
  • Compartmentalization of cAMP-dependent signaling by phosphodiesterase-4D is involved in the regulation of vasopressin-mediated water reabsorption in renal principal cells. 
  • Complete discontinuity of the distal fistula tract from the developing gut: direct histologic evidence for the mechanism of tracheoesophageal fistula formation. 
  • Concentration-Dependent Dual Role of Thrombin in Protection of Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons. 
  • Concordance between trifluoroacetic acid and hepatic protein trifluoroacetylation after disulfiram inhibition of halothane metabolism in rats. 
  • Concurrent autoreceptor-mediated control of dopamine release and uptake during neurotransmission: an in vivo voltammetric study. 
  • Conditioned changes in appetitive and consummatory responses to flavors paired with oral or nutrient reinforcement among adult rats. 
  • Conduction block in micropatterned cardiomyocyte cultures replicating the structure of ventricular cross-sections. 
  • Confocal imaging of intracellular chloride in living brain slices: measurement of GABAA receptor activity. 
  • Conical electron tomography of a chemical synapse: vesicles docked to the active zone are hemi-fused. 
  • Consumption of a high-fat diet in adulthood ameliorates the effects of neonatal parathion exposure on acetylcholine systems in rat brain regions. 
  • Contribution of superficial layer neurons to premotor bursts in the superior colliculus. 
  • Contributions of mossy fiber and CA1 pyramidal cell sprouting to dentate granule cell hyperexcitability in kainic acid-treated hippocampal slice cultures. 
  • Contributions of neural tone to in vivo passive muscle--tendon unit biomechanical properties in a rat rotator cuff animal model. 
  • Control of cholecystokinin receptor dephosphorylation in pancreatic acinar cells. 
  • Control of excitatory CNS synaptogenesis by astrocyte-secreted proteins Hevin and SPARC. 
  • Control of lens epithelial cell survival. 
  • Control of voltage-gated potassium channel Kv2.2 expression by pyruvate-isocitrate cycling regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. 
  • Controlled release of anti-inflammatory agent alpha-MSH from neural implants. 
  • Controlling the structural and functional anisotropy of engineered cardiac tissues. 
  • Convergence of bladder and colon sensory innervation occurs at the primary afferent level. 
  • Convergent control of serotonin transporter expression by glucocorticoids and cocaine in fetal and neonatal rat brain. 
  • Coordinate changes in C protein and myosin expression during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. 
  • Coordinated activation of corneal wound response genes in vivo as observed by in situ hybridization. 
  • Correlation of intrinsic optical signal, cerebral blood flow, and evoked potentials during activation of rat somatosensory cortex. 
  • Creatine supplementation reduces doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocellular injury. 
  • Critical developmental periods for effects of low-level tobacco smoke exposure on behavioral performance. 
  • Critical periods for chlorpyrifos-induced developmental neurotoxicity: alterations in adenylyl cyclase signaling in adult rat brain regions after gestational or neonatal exposure. 
  • Critical periods for the role of oxidative stress in the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos and terbutaline, alone or in combination. 
  • Critical prenatal and postnatal periods for persistent effects of dexamethasone on serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. 
  • Cross-talk Between Nitrate-Nitrite-NO and NO Synthase Pathways in Control of Vascular NO Homeostasis. 
  • Cryptic brain cell injury caused by fetal nicotine exposure is associated with persistent elevations of c-fos protooncogene expression. 
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is resistant to surfactant protein A mediated host defense mechanisms. 
  • Cultivation in rotating bioreactors promotes maintenance of cardiac myocyte electrophysiology and molecular properties. 
  • Cumulative responses of muscle protein synthesis are augmented with chronic resistance exercise training. 
  • Curcumin Ameliorates Heat-Induced Injury through NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Redox Signaling and Mitochondrial Preservation in C2C12 Myoblasts and Mouse Skeletal Muscle. 
  • Cyclic GMP modulates depletion-activated Ca2+ entry in pancreatic acinar cells. 
  • Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis results in NLRP3-mediated inflammation in the hippocampus and symptoms of depression in rats. 
  • Cyclosporine increases hepatocyte synthesis of the immunosuppressive free radical nitric oxide. 
  • Cytokine effects on cortical neuron MAP-2 immunoreactivity: implications for schizophrenia. 
  • Cytokine mRNA expression in postischemic/reperfused myocardium. 
  • Cytokine mechanisms of central sensitization: distinct and overlapping role of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in regulating synaptic and neuronal activity in the superficial spinal cord. 
  • Cytokine-induced mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells enhances repair of injured arteries. 
  • Cytokine-mediated production of nitric oxide in isolated rat hepatocytes is dependent on cytochrome P-450III activity. 
  • Cytostatic hypothermia and its impact on glioblastoma and survival. 
  • D-cycloserine selectively decreases nicotine self-administration in rats with low baseline levels of response. 
  • D1 and D2 antagonists reverse the effects of appetite suppressants on weight loss, food intake, locomotion, and rebalance spiking inhibition in the rat NAc shell. 
  • Daily intake of high dietary fiber slows accelerated colonic transit induced by restrain stress in rats. 
  • Damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns play differential roles in late mortality after critical illness. 
  • Decreased blood-brain barrier permeability to fluorescein in streptozotocin-treated rats. 
  • Decreased intracellular potassium levels underlie increased progesterone synthesis during ovarian follicular atresia. 
  • Decreasing nicotinic receptor activity and the spatial learning impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate antagonist dizocilpine in rats. 
  • Deep hypothermia markedly activates the small ubiquitin-like modifier conjugation pathway; implications for the fate of cells exposed to transient deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. 
  • Deficits in development of central cholinergic pathways caused by fetal nicotine exposure: differential effects on choline acetyltransferase activity and [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding. 
  • Degradation of engulfed mitochondria is rate-limiting in Optineurin-mediated mitophagy in neurons. 
  • Degradation of spectrin and ankyrin in the ischemic rat kidney. 
  • Dehydroepiandrosterone and analogs inhibit DNA binding of AP-1 and airway smooth muscle proliferation. 
  • Delayed administration of recombinant human parathyroid hormone improves early biomechanical strength in a rat rotator cuff repair model. 
  • Delineation of the signaling pathways involved in glucocorticoid-induced and spontaneous apoptosis of rat thymocytes. 
  • Delta-opioid-receptor activation by [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin and morphine inhibits substance P release from trigeminal nucleus slices. 
  • Denatured muscle as a nerve conduit: a functional, morphologic, and electrophysiologic evaluation. 
  • Depressed responses to applied and synaptically-released GABA in CA1 pyramidal cells, but not in CA1 interneurons, after transient forebrain ischemia. 
  • Depression of LTP in rat dentate gyrus by naloxone is reversed by GABAA blockade. 
  • Design, Synthesis, and Mechanism Study of Benzenesulfonamide-Containing Phenylalanine Derivatives as Novel HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitors with Improved Antiviral Activities. 
  • Detection and characterization of a glutathione conjugate of ochratoxin A. 
  • Detection of flap tissue ischemia in a rat model: Real-time monitoring of changes in oxygenation and perfusion through injectable biosensors. 
  • Development of a rat model of toluene-abuse embryopathy. 
  • Development of dopamine neurotransmission and uptake inhibition in the caudate nucleus as measured by fast-cyclic voltammetry. 
  • Development of glucocorticoid receptor regulation in the rat forebrain: implications for adverse effects of glucocorticoids in preterm infants. 
  • Developmental Neurotoxicity of Tobacco Smoke Directed Toward Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems: More Than Just Nicotine. 
  • Developmental diazinon neurotoxicity in rats: later effects on emotional response. 
  • Developmental differences in the acquisition of tolerance to ethanol. 
  • Developmental differences in the sensitivity of spontaneous and miniature IPSCs to ethanol. 
  • Developmental effects of chlorpyrifos extend beyond neurotoxicity: critical periods for immediate and delayed-onset effects on cardiac and hepatic cell signaling. 
  • Developmental exposure of rats to chlorpyrifos elicits sex-selective hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia in adulthood. 
  • Developmental exposure of rats to chlorpyrifos leads to behavioral alterations in adulthood, involving serotonergic mechanisms and resembling animal models of depression. 
  • Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos elicits sex-selective alterations of serotonergic synaptic function in adulthood: critical periods and regional selectivity for effects on the serotonin transporter, receptor subtypes, and cell signaling. 
  • Developmental exposure to terbutaline alters cell signaling in mature rat brain regions and augments the effects of subsequent neonatal exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos. 
  • Developmental exposure to terbutaline and chlorpyrifos, separately or sequentially, elicits presynaptic serotonergic hyperactivity in juvenile and adolescent rats. 
  • Developmental exposure to terbutaline and chlorpyrifos: pharmacotherapy of preterm labor and an environmental neurotoxicant converge on serotonergic systems in neonatal rat brain regions. 
  • Developmental exposure to the flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate, causes long-lasting neurobehavioral and neurochemical dysfunction. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity elicited by gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos: when is adenylyl cyclase a target? 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity elicited by prenatal or postnatal chlorpyrifos exposure: effects on neurospecific proteins indicate changing vulnerabilities. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos in vivo and in vitro: effects on nuclear transcription factors involved in cell replication and differentiation. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: what is the vulnerable period? 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of low dose diazinon exposure of neonatal rats: effects on serotonin systems in adolescence and adulthood. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity of parathion: progressive effects on serotonergic systems in adolescence and adulthood. 
  • Developmental neurotoxicity targeting hepatic and cardiac sympathetic innervation: effects of organophosphates are distinct from those of glucocorticoids. 
  • Developmental regulation of neural cell adhesion molecule in human prefrontal cortex. 
  • Developmental sensitivity of hippocampal interneurons to ethanol: involvement of the hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih. 
  • Dexamethasone treatment in utero enhances neonatal cholinergic nerve terminal development in rat brain. 
  • Dexamethasone-coated neural probes elicit attenuated inflammatory response and neuronal loss compared to uncoated neural probes. 
  • Dextromethorphan and bupropion reduces high level remifentanil self-administration in rats. 
  • Dextromethorphan interactions with histaminergic and serotonergic treatments to reduce nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Diabetic cystopathy correlates with a long-term decrease in nerve growth factor levels in the bladder and lumbosacral dorsal root Ganglia. 
  • Diabetic urethropathy compounds the effects of diabetic cystopathy. 
  • Diacetyl exposure disrupts iron homeostasis in animals and cells. 
  • Diazepam promotes ATP recovery and prevents cytochrome c release in hippocampal slices after in vitro ischemia. 
  • Diazinon and parathion diverge in their effects on development of noradrenergic systems. 
  • Dietary fumonisin B1 induces disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats: a new mechanism of nephrotoxicity. 
  • Dietary prenatal choline supplementation alters postnatal hippocampal structure and function. 
  • Differences in the absorption, metabolism and biliary excretion of a diastereomeric pair of alphavbeta3-antagonists in rat: limited role of P-glycoprotein. 
  • Different effects of opioid and cannabinoid receptor agonists on C-fiber-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in dorsal horn neurons in normal and spinal nerve-ligated rats. 
  • Different responses to repeated applications of zingerone in behavioral studies, recordings from intact and cultured TG neurons, and from VR1 receptors. 
  • Differential LRRK2 expression in the cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra in transgenic and nontransgenic rodents. 
  • Differential actions of diazepam and zolpidem in basolateral and central amygdala nuclei. 
  • Differential cardiac effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the rat. A combined in vivo and in vitro evaluation. 
  • Differential cerebral gene expression during cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat: evidence for apoptosis? 
  • Differential development of cholinergic nerve terminal markers in rat brain regions: implications for nerve terminal density, impulse activity and specific gene expression. 
  • Differential effect of ethanol on NMDA EPSCs in pyramidal cells in the posterior cingulate cortex of juvenile and adult rats. 
  • Differential effects of anesthetic agents on outcome from near-complete but not incomplete global ischemia in the rat. 
  • Differential effects of captopril and enalapril on tissue renin-angiotensin systems in experimental heart failure. 
  • Differential effects of delta9-THC on learning in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Differential effects of ethanol in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Differential effects of ethanol on memory in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Differential effects of ethanol on motor coordination in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Differential effects of haloperidol and clozapine on motor recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury in rats. 
  • Differential effects of naltrindole on morphine-induced tolerance and physical dependence in rats. 
  • Differential effects of neonatal handling on early life infection-induced alterations in cognition in adulthood. 
  • Differential effects of non-nicotine tobacco constituent compounds on nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Differential effects of the antidepressant mirtazapine on amphetamine- and dizocilpine-induced PPI deficits. 
  • Differential effects of unfolded protein response pathways on axon injury-induced death of retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Differential efficacies of the nicotinic α4β2 desensitizing agents in reducing nicotine self-administration in female rats. 
  • Differential expression of GABA and glutamate-receptor subunits and enzymes involved in GABA metabolism between electrophysiologically identified hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and interneurons. 
  • Differential expression of S1 and elongation factor-1 alpha during rat development. 
  • Differential expression of arginase and iNOS in the lung in sepsis. 
  • Differential expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in immortalized luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons. 
  • Differential expression of hippocampal connexins after acute hypoxia in the developing brain. 
  • Differential expression of the B'beta regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A modulates tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and catecholamine synthesis. 
  • Differential expression of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in neurons and astroglial cells. 
  • Differential expression of two isoforms of the neurokinin-1 (substance P) receptor in vivo. 
  • Differential isoform-specific regulation of calcium-independent protein kinase C in rat cerebral cortex. 
  • Differential metabolic and electrical activity in the somatic sensory cortex of juvenile and adult rats. 
  • Differential regulation of c-jun and CREB by acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal. 
  • Differential renal distribution of NHERF isoforms and their colocalization with NHE3, ezrin, and ROMK. 
  • Differential sensitivity of GABA A receptor-mediated IPSCs to cannabinoids in hippocampal slices from adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Differential sensitivity of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic potentials to ethanol in immature versus mature hippocampus. 
  • Differential sensitivity of hippocampal interneurons to ethanol in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Differential vulnerabilities of urethral afferents in diabetes and discovery of a novel urethra-to-urethra reflex. 
  • Differentiation and morphogenesis in pellet cultures of developing rat retinal cells. 
  • Differing mechanisms for glutamate receptor aggregation on dendritic spines and shafts in cultured hippocampal neurons. 
  • Diffusion tensor imaging reveals white matter injury in a rat model of repetitive blast-induced traumatic brain injury. 
  • Direct Observation of Low Strain, High Rate Deformation of Cultured Brain Tissue During Primary Blast. 
  • Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into dopaminergic neuron-like cells. 
  • Discordant extracellular superoxide dismutase expression and activity in neonatal hyperoxic lung. 
  • Discovery of LSZ102, a Potent, Orally Bioavailable Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD) for the Treatment of Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. 
  • Discovery of Lipidome Alterations Following Traumatic Brain Injury via High-Resolution Metabolomics. 
  • Discrimination of post- and presynaptic GABAB receptor-mediated responses by tetrahydroaminoacridine in area CA3 of the rat hippocampus. 
  • Dissection of the molecular mechanism of action of GW5638, a novel estrogen receptor ligand, provides insights into the role of estrogen receptor in bone. 
  • Distance of cecum ligated influences mortality, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression following cecal ligation and puncture in the rat. 
  • Distinct roles of matrix metalloproteases in the early- and late-phase development of neuropathic pain. 
  • Distinctive gene transduction efficiencies of commonly used viral vectors in the retina. 
  • Distinguishing effects on tumor multiplicity and growth rate in chemoprevention experiments. 
  • Distribution and function of the hydrogen sulfide-sensitive TRPA1 ion channel in rat urinary bladder. 
  • Distribution and localization of a novel cholecystokinin-releasing factor in the rat gastrointestinal tract. 
  • Distribution of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtype gene expression in rat brain. 
  • Distribution of glucagon-like peptide-1 immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. 
  • Distribution of immunoreactive androgen-binding protein/sex hormone-binding globulin in tissues of the fetal rat. 
  • Distribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4, -8, and -12 in bladder epithelium. 
  • Divalent metal transporter-1 decreases metal-related injury in the lung. 
  • Do glucocorticoids contribute to the abnormalities in serotonin transporter expression and function seen in depression? An animal model. 
  • Does concurrent or prior nicotine exposure interact with neonatal hypoxia to produce cardiac cell damage? 
  • Does ghrelin explain accelerated gastric emptying in the early stages of diabetes mellitus? 
  • Does growth impairment underlie the adverse effects of dexamethasone on development of noradrenergic systems? 
  • Does pharmacotherapy for preterm labor sensitize the developing brain to environmental neurotoxicants? Cellular and synaptic effects of sequential exposure to terbutaline and chlorpyrifos in neonatal rats. 
  • Does prenatal nicotine exposure sensitize the brain to nicotine-induced neurotoxicity in adolescence? 
  • Does thyroid disruption contribute to the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos? 
  • Dopamine attenuates evoked inhibitory synaptic currents in central amygdala neurons. 
  • Dopamine efflux during withdrawal from continuous or intermittent cocaine. 
  • Dopamine release and uptake are greater in female than male rat striatum as measured by fast cyclic voltammetry. 
  • Dopamine uptake inhibitors but not dopamine releasers induce greater increases in motor behavior and extracellular dopamine in adolescent rats than in adult male rats. 
  • Dopaminergic behaviors and signal transduction mediated through adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C pathways. 
  • Dopaminergic drugs reverse the impairment of radial-arm maze performance caused by lesions involving the cholinergic medial pathway. 
  • Dorsal hippocampal alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors and memory. 
  • Dorsomedial/Perifornical hypothalamic stimulation increases intraocular pressure, intracranial pressure, and the translaminar pressure gradient. 
  • Down-regulation of cathepsin B expression impairs the invasive and tumorigenic potential of human glioblastoma cells. 
  • Doxycycline alters collagen composition following ventral hernia repair. 
  • Doxycycline shows dose-dependent changes in hernia repair strength after mesh repair. 
  • Dual-energy micro-CT of the rodent lung. 
  • Duodenal cytochrome b: a novel ferrireductase in airway epithelial cells. 
  • Dynamic lung morphology of methacholine-induced heterogeneous bronchoconstriction. 
  • Dynamics of glutathione and ophthalmate traced with 2H-enriched body water in rats and humans. 
  • Dynamics of the sensory response to urethral flow over multiple time scales in rat. 
  • Dynorphin A increases substance P release from trigeminal primary afferent C-fibers. 
  • Dysregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics and quality control by HIV-1 Tat in cardiomyocytes. 
  • Dysregulation of oxygen hemodynamic responses to synaptic train stimulation in a rat hippocampal model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. 
  • ERK MAP kinase activation in superficial spinal cord neurons induces prodynorphin and NK-1 upregulation and contributes to persistent inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. 
  • ERK is sequentially activated in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes by spinal nerve ligation and contributes to mechanical allodynia in this neuropathic pain model. 
  • Early beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing Akt on cardiac metabolism after myocardial infarction. 
  • Early changes of lung function and structure in an elastase model of emphysema—a hyperpolarized³ He MRI study 
  • Early developmental exposure to methylphenidate reduces cocaine-induced potentiation of brain stimulation reward in rats. 
  • Early ethanol consumption predicts relapse-like behavior in adolescent male rats. 
  • Early onset of spontaneous renal preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in young conventional rats in toxicity studies. 
  • Early postnatal parathion exposure in rats causes sex-selective cognitive impairment and neurotransmitter defects which emerge in aging. 
  • Early propranolol treatment induces lung heme-oxygenase-1, attenuates metabolic dysfunction, and improves survival following experimental sepsis. 
  • Early-life experience decreases drug-induced reinstatement of morphine CPP in adulthood via microglial-specific epigenetic programming of anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression. 
  • Early-life infection leads to altered BDNF and IL-1beta mRNA expression in rat hippocampus following learning in adulthood. 
  • Effect of R3487/MEM3454, a novel nicotinic alpha7 receptor partial agonist and 5-HT3 antagonist on sustained attention in rats. 
  • Effect of a NOS inhibitor, L-NMMA, on the contractile function of reperfused skeletal muscle. 
  • Effect of a dominant negative ras on myocardial hypertrophy by using adenoviral-mediated gene transfer. 
  • Effect of a nitric oxide donor on microcirculation of acutely denervated skeletal muscle during reperfusion. 
  • Effect of adenoviral-mediated transfer of transforming growth factor-beta1 on colonic anastomotic healing. 
  • Effect of administration of high dose intrathecal clonidine or morphine prior to sciatic nerve section on c-Fos expression in rat lumbar spinal cord. 
  • Effect of combined anticoagulation using heparin and bivalirudin on the hemostatic and inflammatory responses to cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat. 
  • Effect of continuous infusion of asialoerythropoietin on short-term changes in infarct volume, penumbra apoptosis and behaviour following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. 
  • Effect of denervation on endothelium-derived relaxing factor-dependent relaxation in the rat cremaster muscle. 
  • Effect of ethanol on tumor necrosis factor signaling during liver regeneration. 
  • Effect of growth factors on substance P mRNA expression in axotomized dorsal root ganglia. 
  • Effect of halothane in cortical cell cultures exposed to N-methyl-D-aspartate. 
  • Effect of increased compartment pressure on the microcirculation of skeletal muscle. 
  • Effect of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on corneal reepithelialization in the rat. 
  • Effect of interposed periosteum in an animal physeal fracture model. 
  • Effect of intracerebral norepinephrine depletion on outcome from severe forebrain ischemia in the rat. 
  • Effect of intravesical nitric oxide therapy on cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. 
  • Effect of ischemic preconditioning and PKC activation on acidification during ischemia in rat heart. 
  • Effect of kainic acid-induced status epilepticus on inositol-trisphosphate and seizure-induced brain damage in mature and immature animals. 
  • Effect of lidocaine on endothelin-1-mediated airway smooth muscle contraction in the rat trachea. 
  • Effect of lipophilicity of Mn (III) ortho N-alkylpyridyl- and diortho N, N'-diethylimidazolylporphyrins in two in-vitro models of oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced neuronal death. 
  • Effect of metabotropic glutamate 5 receptor antagonists on morphine efficacy and tolerance in rats with neuropathic pain. 
  • Effect of ovarian hormones and estrous cycle on stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis by cocaine. 
  • Effect of p38 MAP kinases on contractility and ischemic injury in intact heart. 
  • Effect of perillic acid, a putative isoprenylation inhibitor, on the cultured rat lens. 
  • Effect of pregabalin on cerebral outcome after cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in rats. 
  • Effect of protein kinase C inhibitors and activators on corneal re-epithelialization in the rat. 
  • Effect of reduced inspired oxygen on fetal growth and maternal glucose metabolism in rat pregnancy. 
  • Effect of soluble complement receptor-1 on neutrophil accumulation after traumatic brain injury in rats. 
  • Effect of temperature on kainic acid-induced seizures. 
  • Effect of uniaxial, cyclic stretch on the morphology of monocytes/macrophages in culture. 
  • Effect of voluntary wheel running on circadian corticosterone release and on HPA axis responsiveness to restraint stress in Sprague-Dawley rats. 
  • Effects of AZD3480, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, and donepezil on dizocilpine-induced attentional impairment in rats. 
  • Effects of Brn-3a protein and RNA expression in rat brain following low-level lead exposure during development on spatial learning and memory. 
  • Effects of NMDA receptor glycine recognition site antagonism on cerebral metabolic rate for glucose and cerebral blood flow in the conscious rat. 
  • Effects of S-nitroso- N-acetylcysteine on contractile function of reperfused skeletal muscle. 
  • Effects of Surface Topography and Chemistry on Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK) and Titanium Osseointegration. 
  • Effects of a single dose of erythropoietin on subsequent seizure susceptibility in rats exposed to acute hypoxia at P10. 
  • Effects of a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin oxygen affinity on outcome from global cerebral ischemia in the rat. 
  • Effects of acute or chronic ethanol exposure during adolescence on behavioral inhibition and efficiency in a modified water maze task. 
  • Effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol on hippocampal expression of glutamate homeostasis and astrocyte-neuronal tethering proteins in male and female rats. 
  • Effects of aging and glucocorticoid treatment on monoamine oxidase subtypes in rat cerebral cortex: therapeutic implications. 
  • Effects of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype selective antagonists on lower urinary tract function in rats with bladder outlet obstruction. 
  • Effects of an oral contraceptive combination with or without androgen on mammary tissues: a study in rats. 
  • Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on rat ovarian granulosa cell steroidogenesis in vitro. 
  • Effects of bupivacaine and tetrodotoxin on carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (Part 1): hyperalgesia, edema, and systemic cytokines. 
  • Effects of bupivacaine and tetrodotoxin on carrageenan-induced hind paw inflammation in rats (Part 2): cytokines and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. 
  • Effects of caffeine on alcohol consumption and nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on cytokine regulation of liver regeneration. 
  • Effects of chronic sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors desensitizing agent on pharmacologically-induced impaired attention in rats. 
  • Effects of clozapine on memory function in the rat neonatal hippocampal lesion model of schizophrenia. 
  • Effects of creatine and cyclocreatine supplementation on kainate induced injury in pre-pubescent rats. 
  • Effects of daily dermal application of DEET and epermethrin, alone and in combination, on sensorimotor performance, blood-brain barrier, and blood-testis barrier in rats. 
  • Effects of deafferentation on the electrophysiology of ventral cochlear nucleus neurons. 
  • Effects of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest on the blood brain barrier in a cardiopulmonary bypass model--a pilot study. 
  • Effects of dexamethasone on the contractile function of reperfused skeletal muscle. 
  • Effects of dietary soybean estrogens on the reproductive tract in female rats. 
  • Effects of dorsal noradrenergic bundle lesions on recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury. 
  • Effects of electroacupuncture on gastric motility and heart rate variability in conscious rats. 
  • Effects of enoxaparin, standard heparin, and streptokinase on the patency of anastomoses in severely crushed arteries. 
  • Effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in utero and/or postnatally on brain development. 
  • Effects of ethanol on plasma ghrelin levels in the rat during early and late adolescence. 
  • Effects of ethanol, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, or their combination on object recognition memory and object preference in adolescent and adult male rats. 
  • Effects of fasting, refeeding, and intraluminal triglyceride on proglucagon expression in jejunum and ileum. 
  • Effects of fetal dexamethasone exposure on postnatal control of cardiac adenylate cyclase: beta-adrenergic receptor coupling to Gs regulatory protein. 
  • Effects of flavonoids on cytochrome P450-dependent acetaminophen metabolism in rats and human liver microsomes. 
  • Effects of gamma hydroxybutyric acid on inhibition and excitation in rat neocortex. 
  • Effects of immobilization on Achilles tendon healing in a rat model. 
  • Effects of isoflurane versus fentanyl-nitrous oxide anesthesia on long-term outcome from severe forebrain ischemia in the rat. 
  • Effects of isoflurane, ketamine, and fentanyl/N2O on concentrations of brain and plasma catecholamines during near-complete cerebral ischemia in the rat. 
  • Effects of kindling on subsequent learning, memory, behavior, and seizure susceptibility. 
  • Effects of lead exposure on skeletal development in rats. 
  • Effects of long-term denervation on skeletal muscle in old rats. 
  • Effects of magnesium sulfate in kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. 
  • Effects of neurotoxic destruction of descending noradrenergic pathways on cannabinoid antinociception in models of acute and tonic nociception. 
  • Effects of nicotine and mecamylamine on choice accuracy in an operant visual signal detection task in female rats. 
  • Effects of nicotinic dimethylaminoethyl esters on working memory performance of rats in the radial-arm maze. 
  • Effects of nimodipine on the behavioral sequalae of experimental status epilepticus in prepubescent rats. 
  • Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on haloperidol-induced increases in prolactin release and dopamine turnover in weanling, periadolescent, and adult offspring. 
  • Effects of propranolol treatment on left ventricular function and intracellular calcium regulation in rats with postinfarction heart failure. 
  • Effects of quisqualic acid and glutamate on subsequent learning, emotionality, and seizure susceptibility in the immature and mature animal. 
  • Effects of sex and gonadectomy on cocaine metabolism in the rat. 
  • Effects of specific activity on meta-[(131)I]iodobenzylguanidine kinetics in isolated rat heart. 
  • Effects of striatal nitric oxide production on regional cerebral blood flow and seizure development in rats exposed to extreme hyperoxia. 
  • Effects of subchronic exposure to a complex mixture of persistent contaminants in male rats: systemic, immune, and reproductive effects. 
  • Effects of sweetened ethanol solutions on ethanol self-administration and blood ethanol levels. 
  • Effects of the new ethacrynic acid oxime derivative SA12590 on intraocular pressure in cats and monkeys. 
  • Effects of treatment with cyclosporine, FK 506, rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, or deoxyspergualin on vascular muscle proliferation in vitro and in vivo. 
  • Effects of volatile anesthetics on N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity in primary rat neuronal-glial cultures. 
  • Efficacy and mechanism of adenovirus-mediated VEGF-165 gene therapy for augmentation of skin flap viability. 
  • Efficacy and safety of next-generation tick transcriptome-derived direct thrombin inhibitors. 
  • Efficacy of adhesion barriers. Resorbable hydrogel, oxidized regenerated cellulose and hyaluronic acid. 
  • Efficacy of recombinant human manganese superoxide dismutase compared to allopurinol in protection of ischemic skeletal muscle against "no-reflow". 
  • Efficient gene delivery to pancreatic islets with ultrasonic microbubble destruction technology. 
  • Efficient in vivo gene transfer into the heart in the rat myocardial infarction model using the HVJ (Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan)--liposome method. 
  • Elastomeric polyamide biomaterials with stereochemically tuneable mechanical properties and shape memory. 
  • Electrical inhibition of lens epithelial cell proliferation: an additional factor in secondary cataract? 
  • Electrical pacing counteracts intrinsic shortening of action potential duration of neonatal rat ventricular cells in culture. 
  • Electroacupuncture at ST-36 accelerates colonic motility and transit in freely moving conscious rats. 
  • Electroacupuncture elicits dual effects: stimulation of delayed gastric emptying and inhibition of accelerated colonic transit induced by restraint stress in rats. 
  • Electroacupuncture improves restraint stress-induced delay of gastric emptying via central glutaminergic pathways in conscious rats. 
  • Electrodeposited platinum-iridium coating improves in vivo recording performance of chronically implanted microelectrode arrays. 
  • Electrophysiological correlates to the intrinsic optical signal in the rat neocortical slice. 
  • Elevated mu-opioid receptor expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract accompanies attenuated withdrawal signs after chronic low dose naltrexone in opiate-dependent rats. 
  • Elevations of FosB in the nucleus accumbens during forced cocaine abstinence correlate with divergent changes in reward function. 
  • Emission-particle-induced ventilatory abnormalities in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension. 
  • Endocrine modulation of reproduction. 
  • Endogenous acyl ghrelin is involved in mediating spontaneous phase III-like contractions of the rat stomach. 
  • Endogenous ghrelin and 5-HT regulate interdigestive gastrointestinal contractions in conscious rats. 
  • Endogenous opioids regulate long-term potentiation of synaptic inhibition in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampus. 
  • Endoplasmic reticulum sorting and kinesin-1 command the targeting of axonal GABAB receptors. 
  • Endothelial cell-conditioned medium downregulates smooth muscle contractile protein expression. 
  • Endothelin-1 activates endothelial cell nitric-oxide synthase via heterotrimeric G-protein betagamma subunit signaling to protein jinase B/Akt. 
  • Endothelin-1 induces an increase in total protein synthesis and expression of the smooth muscle alpha-actin gene in vascular smooth muscle cells. 
  • Endotoxin induces PAF production in the rat ileum: quantitation of tissue PAF by an improved method. 
  • Enduring behavioral effects of early exposure to methylphenidate in rats. 
  • Enduring consequences of early-life infection on glial and neural cell genesis within cognitive regions of the brain. 
  • Enduring consequences of maternal obesity for brain inflammation and behavior of offspring. 
  • Energy transfer assays of rat renal cortical endosomal fusion: evidence for superfusion. 
  • Engineered bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel platform for cardiac gene therapy. 
  • Engineering prokaryotic channels for control of mammalian tissue excitability. 
  • Engineering the tissue which encapsulates subcutaneous implants. I. Diffusion properties. 
  • Engineering the tissue which encapsulates subcutaneous implants. II. Plasma-tissue exchange properties. 
  • Engineering the tissue which encapsulates subcutaneous implants. III. Effective tissue response times. 
  • Enhanced H(2)O(2)-induced cytotoxicity in "epithelioid" smooth muscle cells: implications for neointimal regression. 
  • Enhanced Rotator-Cuff Repair Using Platelet-Rich Plasma Adsorbed on Branched Poly(ester urea)s. 
  • Enhanced behavioral response to repeated-dose cocaine in adolescent rats. 
  • Enhanced expression of mast cell growth factor and mast cell activation in the bladder following the resolution of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis in female rats. 
  • Enhanced susceptibility to urinary tract infection in the spinal cord-injured host with neurogenic bladder. 
  • Enhanced tonic GABA current in normotopic and hilar ectopic dentate granule cells after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. 
  • Enhanced transduction and improved photoreceptor survival of retinal degeneration by the combinatorial use of rAAV2 with a lower dose of adenovirus. 
  • Enhanced vasorelaxation by overexpression of beta 2-adrenergic receptors in large arteries. 
  • Enhancement of cardiac function by cyclocreatine in models of cardiopulmonary bypass. 
  • Enhancement of rAAV2-mediated transgene expression in retina cells in vitro and in vivo by coadministration of low-dose chemotherapeutic drugs. 
  • Enhancement of the recovery of rat hearts after prolonged cold storage by cyclocreatine phosphate. 
  • Enhancing Schwann cell migration using concentration gradients of laminin-derived peptides. 
  • Enhancing the efficiency of direct reprogramming of human primary fibroblasts into dopaminergic neuron-like cells through p53 suppression. 
  • Enriching neural stem cell and anti-inflammatory glial phenotypes with electrical stimulation after traumatic brain injury in male rats. 
  • Environmental enrichment alters glial antigen expression and neuroimmune function in the adult rat hippocampus. 
  • Epidermal denervation and its effects on keratinocytes and Langerhans cells. 
  • Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Upregulates miR-221 to Inhibit Osteopontin-Dependent Hepatic Fibrosis. 
  • Epinephrine induces rapid deterioration in pulmonary oxygen exchange in intact, anesthetized rats: a flow and pulmonary capillary pressure-dependent phenomenon. 
  • Erythropoietin protects cardiac myocytes against anthracycline-induced apoptosis. 
  • Erythropoietin receptor expression in adult rat cardiomyocytes is associated with an acute cardioprotective effect for recombinant erythropoietin during ischemia-reperfusion injury. 
  • Essential role of ICAM-1/CD18 in mediating EPC recruitment, angiogenesis, and repair to the infarcted myocardium. 
  • Establishing magnetic resonance imaging as an accurate and reliable tool to diagnose and monitor esophageal cancer in a rat model. 
  • Establishment of a critical-sized alveolar defect in the rat: a model for human gingivoperiosteoplasty. 
  • Estimating postvoid residual volume without measuring residual bladder volume during serial cystometrograms. 
  • Estradiol alters Fos-immunoreactivity in the hippocampus and dorsal striatum during place and response learning in middle-aged but not young adult female rats. 
  • Ethanol increases GABAergic transmission at both pre- and postsynaptic sites in rat central amygdala neurons. 
  • Ethanol inhibition of AMPA and kainate receptor-mediated depolarizations of hippocampal area CA1. 
  • Ethanol inhibits release of excitatory amino acids from slices of hippocampal area CA1. 
  • Ethanol reverses the direction of long-term synaptic plasticity in the dorsomedial striatum. 
  • Ethyl pyruvate improves survival in awake hemorrhage. 
  • Etomoxir-induced PPARalpha-modulated enzymes protect during acute renal failure. 
  • Evaluating optimized temporal patterns of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). 
  • Evaluation of Host Immune Cellular and Extracellular Matrix Responses to Prolapse Mesh With and Without Tension in a Rat Model. 
  • Evaluation of Poly (Carbonate-Urethane) Urea (PCUU) Scaffolds for Urinary Bladder Tissue Engineering. 
  • Evaluation of an antimicrobial-impregnated continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheter for infection control in rats. 
  • Evaluation of anti-podoplanin rat monoclonal antibody NZ-1 for targeting malignant gliomas. 
  • Evaluation of cold ischemia for preservation of testicular function during partial orchiectomy in the rat model. 
  • Evaluation of in vivo rotator cuff muscle function after acute and chronic detachment of the supraspinatus tendon: an experimental study in an animal model. 
  • Evidence for Compartmentalized Axonal Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Mitochondrial DNA Replication Increases in Distal Axons As an Early Response to Parkinson's Disease-Relevant Stress. 
  • Evidence for a low Km transporter for non-transferrin-bound iron in isolated rat hepatocytes. 
  • Evidence for direct local effect of angiotensin in vascular hypertrophy. In vivo gene transfer of angiotensin converting enzyme. 
  • Evidence for indirect dietary regulation of cholecystokinin release in rats. 
  • Evidence for selective release of rodent islet amyloid polypeptide through the constitutive secretory pathway. 
  • Evidence for tissue-specific activation of renal angiotensinogen mRNA expression in chronic stable experimental heart failure. 
  • Evidence of a malonyl-CoA-insensitive carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity in red skeletal muscle. 
  • Evidence supporting paracrine hypothesis for Akt-modified mesenchymal stem cell-mediated cardiac protection and functional improvement. 
  • Evidence that Par-4 participates in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalitis. 
  • Evidence that non-caspase proteases are required for chromatin degradation during apoptosis. 
  • Evidence that oral and nutrient reinforcers differentially condition appetitive and consummatory responses to flavors. 
  • Exendin-4 increases blood glucose levels acutely in rats by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. 
  • Exercise alters the regulation of myocardial Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 activity. 
  • Exogenously administered growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I alter intracellular Ca2+ handling and enhance cardiac performance. In vitro evaluation in the isolated isovolumic buffer-perfused rat heart. 
  • Exogenously administered secreted frizzled related protein 2 (Sfrp2) reduces fibrosis and improves cardiac function in a rat model of myocardial infarction. 
  • Exploring a peptidomimetic approach of N-cadherin in modulating fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling for corneal endothelial regeneration. 
  • Exposure of the dorsal root ganglion in rats to pulsed radiofrequency currents activates dorsal horn lamina I and II neurons. 
  • Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy in rats yields less effect on indices of brain cell number and size than does postnatal exposure. 
  • Expression and hormonal regulation of coactivator and corepressor genes. 
  • Expression cloning of type 2 angiotensin II receptor reveals a unique class of seven-transmembrane receptors. 
  • Expression microarray identifies novel markers of free flap failure in a rat model. 
  • Expression of PSD-95/SAP90 is critical for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated thermal hyperalgesia in the spinal cord. 
  • Expression of a variant form of the glutamate transporter GLT1 in neuronal cultures and in neurons and astrocytes in the rat brain. 
  • Expression of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor subtypes in prenatal rat spinal cord. 
  • Expression of candidate pro-GnRH processing enzymes in rat hypothalamus and an immortalized hypothalamic neuronal cell line. 
  • Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in the lung in chronic hypoxia. 
  • Expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 changes with critical stages of mammalian lung development. 
  • Expression of mRNA coding for the serotonin transporter in aged vs. young rat brain: differential effects of glucocorticoids. 
  • Expression of mRNAs coding for the transforming growth factor-beta receptors in brain regions of euthyroid and hypothyroid neonatal rats and in adult brain. 
  • Expression of mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivities in rat dorsal root ganglia after carrageenan-induced inflammation. 
  • Expression of neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y (Y1) receptor mRNA in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia following peripheral tissue inflammation. 
  • Expression of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor subunits in the olfactory epithelium. 
  • Expression of peptides, nitric oxide synthase and NPY receptor in trigeminal and nodose ganglia after nerve lesions. 
  • Expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in dorsal root ganglia following axotomy: time course and coexistence. 
  • Expression of renin-angiotensin system and extracellular matrix genes in cardiovascular cells and its regulation through AT1 receptor. 
  • Expression of terminin in the rat brain during neuronal differentiation. 
  • Expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptors during hyperoxia-induced lung injury and repair. 
  • Expression of transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor in rat lung is regulated during development. 
  • Extended survival time following pseudorabies virus injection labels the suprapontine neural network controlling the bladder and urethra in the rat. 
  • Extracellular acetylcholine is increased in the nucleus accumbens following the presentation of an aversively conditioned taste stimulus. 
  • Extracellular signal-regulated kinase plays an essential role in hypertrophic agonists, endothelin-1 and phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. 
  • Extraction force and cortical tissue reaction of silicon microelectrode arrays implanted in the rat brain. 
  • Extrinsic coagulation blockade attenuates lung injury and proinflammatory cytokine release after intratracheal lipopolysaccharide. 
  • Extrinsic surgical denervation ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis in rats. 
  • Extrinsic surgical denervation inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced enteritis in rats. 
  • FACS analysis of neuronal-glial interactions in the nucleus accumbens following morphine administration. 
  • FGF12 is a candidate Brugada syndrome locus. 
  • FGF2 suppresses neuronogenesis of a cell line derived from rat olfactory epithelium. 
  • Facilitation of granule cell epileptiform activity by mossy fiber-released zinc in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. 
  • Fasting and postprandial concentrations of GLP-1 in intestinal lymph and portal plasma: evidence for selective release of GLP-1 in the lymph system. 
  • Feasibility of laser targeted photo-occlusion of ocular vessels. 
  • Feasibility study of an intensity-modulated radiation model for the study of erectile dysfunction. 
  • Fecal pellet output does not always correlate with colonic transit in response to restraint stress and corticotropin-releasing factor in rats. 
  • Feedback regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme activity and mRNA levels by angiotensin II. 
  • Fetal and adolescent nicotine administration: effects on CNS serotonergic systems. 
  • Fetal chlorpyrifos exposure: adverse effects on brain cell development and cholinergic biomarkers emerge postnatally and continue into adolescence and adulthood. 
  • Fetal cocaine exposure causes persistent noradrenergic hyperactivity in rat brain regions: effects on neurotransmitter turnover and receptors. 
  • Fetal dexamethasone exposure interferes with establishment of cardiac noradrenergic innervation and sympathetic activity. 
  • Fetal nicotine exposure ablates the ability of postnatal nicotine challenge to release norepinephrine from rat brain regions. 
  • Fetal nicotine exposure alters ontogeny of M1-receptors and their link to G-proteins. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor homologous factor 13 regulates Na+ channels and conduction velocity in murine hearts. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors modulate cardiac calcium channels. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor signaling in the developing tracheoesophageal fistula. 
  • Fibroblast growth factors regulate calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA expression in rat motoneurons after lesion and in culture. 
  • Fibronectin-mediated hepatocyte shape change reprograms cytochrome P450 2C11 gene expression via an integrin-signaled induction of ribonuclease activity. 
  • Fixed feeding potentiates interdigestive gastric motor activity in rats: importance of eating habits for maintaining interdigestive MMC. 
  • Flavin-dependent antioxidant properties of a new series of meso-N,N'-dialkyl-imidazolium substituted manganese(III) porphyrins. 
  • Fleeting activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors sensitizes cortical neurons to complement attack. 
  • Flow perfusion maintains ex vivo bone viability: a novel model for bone biology research. 
  • Fluorescence imaging of blood-brain barrier disruption. 
  • Fluorescence imaging of changes in intracellular chloride in living brain slices. 
  • Forelimb amputation-induced reorganization in the cuneate nucleus (CN) is not reflected in large-scale reorganization in rat forepaw barrel subfield cortex (FBS). 
  • Formation of complement membrane attack complex in mammalian cerebral cortex evokes seizures and neurodegeneration. 
  • Formation of excitatory and inhibitory associations between absent events. 
  • Forward scatter pulse width signals resolve multiple populations of endosomes. 
  • Free hemoglobin induction of pulmonary vascular disease: evidence for an inflammatory mechanism. 
  • Frequency-Specific Optogenetic Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Improves Parkinsonian Motor Behaviors. 
  • Fumonisin B1 consumption by rats causes reversible, dose-dependent increases in urinary sphinganine and sphingosine. 
  • Functional Assessment of the Efficacy of Oxygen Free Radical Scavengers in the "No-Reflow" Phenomenon in Skeletal Muscle. 
  • Functional effects of lymphotoxin on crushed peripheral nerve. 
  • Functional evaluation of the grafted wall with porcine-derived small intestinal submucosa (SIS) to a stomach defect in rats. 
  • Functional reentry in cultured monolayers of neonatal rat cardiac cells. 
  • Functional selectivity of dopamine receptor agonists. I. Selective activation of postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors linked to adenylate cyclase. 
  • Functional selectivity of dopamine receptor agonists. II. Actions of dihydrexidine in D2L receptor-transfected MN9D cells and pituitary lactotrophs. 
  • Functional transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channels along different segments of the renal vasculature. 
  • GABA transport modulates the ethanol sensitivity of tonic inhibition in the rat dentate gyrus. 
  • GABA-induced chemokinesis and NGF-induced chemotaxis of embryonic spinal cord neurons. 
  • GABAA alpha 2 mRNA levels are decreased following induction of spontaneous epileptiform discharges in hippocampal-entorhinal cortical slices. 
  • GABAB autoreceptors mediate activity-dependent disinhibition and enhance signal transmission in the dentate gyrus. 
  • GABAB receptors mediate disinhibition and facilitate long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus. 
  • GABAB receptors modulate synaptically-evoked responses in the rat dentate gyrus, in vivo. 
  • GABAB-Receptor-mediated currents in interneurons of the dentate-hilus border. 
  • GBR12909 stimulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal activity by inhibition of uptake at hypothalamic dopamine neurons. 
  • GLP-1 reduces intestinal lymph flow, triglyceride absorption, and apolipoprotein production in rats. 
  • GLUTAMINE PREVENTS ACTIVATION OF NF-kappaB AND STRESS KINASE PATHWAYS, ATTENUATES INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RELEASE, AND PREVENTS ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS) FOLLOWING SEPSIS. 
  • GRK2-mediated inhibition of adrenergic and dopaminergic signaling in right ventricular hypertrophy: therapeutic implications in pulmonary hypertension. 
  • Gabapentin attenuates morphine tolerance through interleukin-10. 
  • Gabapentin enhances the morphine anti-nociceptive effect in neuropathic pain via the interleukin-10-heme oxygenase-1 signalling pathway in rats. 
  • Gabapentin receptor alpha2delta-1 is a neuronal thrombospondin receptor responsible for excitatory CNS synaptogenesis. 
  • Gadolinium chloride alters the acinar distribution of phagocytosis and balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. 
  • Gait abnormalities and inflammatory cytokines in an autologous nucleus pulposus model of radiculopathy. 
  • Galanin antisense oligonucleotides reduce galanin levels in dorsal root ganglia and induce autotomy in rats after axotomy. 
  • Gastric mucosal damage induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose involves medullary TRH in the rat. 
  • Gating of CaMKII by cAMP-regulated protein phosphatase activity during LTP. 
  • Gender differences in postinfarction left ventricular remodeling. 
  • Gene and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthases in ischemia-reperfused peripheral nerve of the rat. 
  • Gene therapy strategy for long-term myocardial protection using adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of heme oxygenase gene. 
  • General anesthetic exposure in adolescent rats causes persistent maladaptations in cognitive and affective behaviors and neuroplasticity. 
  • Generation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions by polyglutamine-GFP: analysis of inclusion clearance and toxicity as a function of polyglutamine length. 
  • Generation of silent synapses by acute in vivo expression of CaMKIV and CREB. 
  • Genetic background influences LRRK2-mediated Rab phosphorylation in the rat brain. 
  • Genetic variant rs3750625 in the 3'UTR of ADRA2A affects stress-dependent acute pain severity after trauma and alters a microRNA-34a regulatory site. 
  • Gentamicin inhibits rat renal cortical homotypic endosomal fusion: role of megalin. 
  • Gestational and perinatal exposure to diazinon causes long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences in the rat. 
  • Gestational exposure to nicotine and/or benzo[a]pyrene causes long-lasting neurobehavioral consequences. 
  • Ghrelin accelerates gastric emptying via early manifestation of antro-pyloric coordination in conscious rats. 
  • Glial ankyrins facilitate paranodal axoglial junction assembly. 
  • Glial growth factor 2, a soluble neuregulin, directly increases Schwann cell motility and indirectly promotes neurite outgrowth. 
  • Global gene expression and chromatin accessibility of the peripheral nervous system in animal models of persistent pain. 
  • Glomerular beta-galactosidase expression following transduction with microsphere-adenoviral complexes. 
  • Glucagon like peptide-1 accelerates colonic transit via central CRF and peripheral vagal pathways in conscious rats. 
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors expressed on nerve terminals in the portal vein mediate the effects of endogenous GLP-1 on glucose tolerance in rats. 
  • Glucocorticoid administration alters nuclear transcription factors in fetal rat brain: implications for the use of antenatal steroids. 
  • Glucocorticoid regulation of preproglucagon transcription and RNA stability during stress. 
  • Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis: protease-dependent activation of cell shrinkage and DNA degradation. 
  • Glucocorticoid-targeting of the adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway in the cerebellum of young vs. aged rats. 
  • Glucocorticoids accelerate the ontogenetic transition of cardiac ventricular myosin heavy-chain isoform expression in the rat: promotion by prenatal exposure to a low dose of dexamethasone. 
  • Glucocorticoids enhance intracellular signaling via adenylate cyclase at three distinct loci in the fetus: a mechanism for heterologous teratogenic sensitization? 
  • Glucocorticoids regulate the development of intracellular signaling: enhanced forebrain adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit activity after fetal dexamethasone exposure. 
  • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) gene expression in the rat salivary gland. 
  • Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy. 
  • Glutamate mobilizes [Zn2+] through Ca2+ -dependent reactive oxygen species accumulation. 
  • Glutamate receptor involvement in dentate granule cell epileptiform activity evoked by mossy fiber stimulation. 
  • Glutamine attenuates endotoxin-induced lung metabolic dysfunction: potential role of enhanced heat shock protein 70. 
  • Glutamine attenuates lung injury and improves survival after sepsis: role of enhanced heat shock protein expression. 
  • Glutamine induces heat shock protein and protects against endotoxin shock in the rat. 
  • Glutamine reduces cytokine release, organ damage, and mortality in a rat model of endotoxemia. 
  • Glutamine therapy improves outcome of in vitro and in vivo experimental colitis models. 
  • Glutamine-mediated dual regulation of heat shock transcription factor-1 activation and expression. 
  • Glycogen debranching enzyme is associated with rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
  • Gonadal steroids mediate the opposite changes in cocaine-induced locomotion across adolescence in male and female rats. 
  • Got worms? Perinatal exposure to helminths prevents persistent immune sensitization and cognitive dysfunction induced by early-life infection. 
  • Granule cells in aging rats are sexually dimorphic in their response to estradiol. 
  • Growth hormone attenuates early left ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac function in rats with large myocardial infarction. 
  • Gut immune maturation depends on colonization with a host-specific microbiota. 
  • Gαz regulates BDNF-induction of axon growth in cortical neurons. 
  • H(2)O(2)-induced O(2) production by a non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase causes oxidant injury. 
  • H19, a developmentally regulated gene, is reexpressed in rat vascular smooth muscle cells after injury. 
  • HASF (C3orf58) is a novel ligand of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor. 
  • HSP70 chaperones RNA-free TDP-43 into anisotropic intranuclear liquid spherical shells. 
  • Halofuginone inhibits collagen deposition in fibrous capsules around implants. 
  • Heavy endosomes isolated from the rat renal cortex show attributes of intermicrovillar clefts. 
  • Hedgehog pathway activation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions during myofibroblastic transformation of rat hepatic cells in culture and cirrhosis. 
  • Hedgehog signaling regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition during biliary fibrosis in rodents and humans. 
  • Hedgehog signalling regulates liver sinusoidal endothelial cell capillarisation. 
  • Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibits postmyocardial infarct remodeling and restores ventricular function. 
  • Heme oxygenase-1 is upregulated in the kidney of angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats : possible role in renoprotection. 
  • Hemodynamic effects of metalloporphyrin catalytic antioxidants: structure-activity relationships and species specificity. 
  • Hepatic fibrogenesis requires sympathetic neurotransmitters. 
  • Hepatic regeneration is associated with preservation of microsomal glucuronidation. 
  • Hepatocellular expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is unaltered during hepatic regeneration. 
  • Heterogeneity in presynaptic regulation of GABA release from hippocampal inhibitory neurons. 
  • Heterogeneity of endosomal populations in the rat renal cortex: light endosomes. 
  • High and low molecular weight DNA cleavage in ovarian granulosa cells: characterization and protease modulation in intact cells and in cell-free nuclear autodigestion assays. 
  • High ratio of synaptic excitation to synaptic inhibition in hilar ectopic granule cells of pilocarpine-treated rats. 
  • High yield reproducible rat model recapitulating human Barrett's carcinogenesis. 
  • High-dose alendronate uncouples osteoclast and osteoblast function: a study in a rat spine pseudarthrosis model. 
  • High-dose fentanyl does not adversely affect outcome from forebrain ischemia in the rat. 
  • High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reverses limb-use asymmetry in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. 
  • High-strength, surface-porous polyether-ether-ketone for load-bearing orthopedic implants. 
  • High-threshold Ca2+ currents in rat hippocampal interneurones and their selective inhibition by activation of GABA(B) receptors. 
  • High-throughput identification of IMCD proteins using LC-MS/MS. 
  • Hippocampal alpha 7 and alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptors and working memory. 
  • Hippocampal infusions of MARCKS peptides impair memory of rats on the radial-arm maze. 
  • Hippocampal infusions of apolipoprotein E peptides induce long-lasting cognitive impairment. 
  • Hippocampal long-term potentiation and spatial learning in the rat: effects of GABAB receptor blockade. 
  • Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and synapse formation after status epilepticus in rats: visualization after retrograde transport of biocytin. 
  • Hippocampal programmed cell death after status epilepticus: evidence for NMDA-receptor and ceramide-mediated mechanisms. 
  • Histamine H(1) antagonist treatment with pyrilamine reduces nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Histamine H1 receptor involvement in prepulse inhibition and memory function: relevance for the antipsychotic actions of clozapine. 
  • Hormonal modulation of the cutaneous initiation of lordosis in infant and adult rats. 
  • Human Umbilical Tissue-Derived Cells Promote Synapse Formation and Neurite Outgrowth via Thrombospondin Family Proteins. 
  • Human alfentanil metabolism by cytochrome P450 3A3/4. An explanation for the interindividual variability in alfentanil clearance? 
  • Human casein kinase Idelta phosphorylation of human circadian clock proteins period 1 and 2. 
  • Human placental lactogen infusions into the medial preoptic area stimulate maternal behavior in steroid-primed, nulliparous female rats. 
  • Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Integrated with Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secretome to Treat Endometrial Injury in a Rat Model of Asherman's Syndrome. 
  • Hydrogen peroxide production by monoamine oxidase during ischemia-reperfusion in the rat brain. 
  • Hydrolyzed fumonisins HFB1 and HFB2 are acylated in vitro and in vivo by ceramide synthase to form cytotoxic N-acyl-metabolites. 
  • Hydroxyl radical production in the brain after CO hypoxia in rats. 
  • Hyperbaric oxygen as a chemotherapy adjuvant in the treatment of metastatic lung tumors in a rat model. 
  • Hyperbaric oxygen reduces cerebral blood flow by inactivating nitric oxide. 
  • Hypercholesterolemia in rats with chronic renal insufficiency not aggravated by recombinant human growth hormone. 
  • Hyperimmune human IgG or recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjunctive therapy for group B streptococcal sepsis in newborn rats. 
  • Hyperpolarization induces a long-term increase in the spontaneous firing rate of cerebellar Golgi cells. 
  • Hypertrophy of basal forebrain neurons and enhanced visuospatial memory in perinatally choline-supplemented rats. 
  • Hypolipidemic activity of boronated nucleosides and nucleotides in rodents. 
  • Hypotensive effect of clonidine is not mediated by enhanced baroreflex gain in rats. 
  • Hypothalamic astrocytes respond to transforming growth factor-alpha with the secretion of neuroactive substances that stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. 
  • Hypothermia reduces the propensity of cortical tissue to propagate direct current depolarizations in the rat. 
  • Hypothermic reperfusion after cardiac arrest augments brain-derived neurotrophic factor activation. 
  • Hypothermic treatment restores glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression in ischemic brain. 
  • Hypoxia decreases creatine uptake in cardiomyocytes, while creatine supplementation enhances HIF activation. 
  • Hypoxia-regulated therapeutic gene as a preemptive treatment strategy against ischemia/reperfusion tissue injury. 
  • IL-13 and IL-1beta promote lung fibroblast growth through coordinated up-regulation of PDGF-AA and PDGF-Ralpha. 
  • IV nicotine self-administration in rats using a consummatory operant licking response: sensitivity to serotonergic, glutaminergic and histaminergic drugs. 
  • IV nicotine self-administration in rats using the consummatory operant licking response. 
  • Idazoxan blocks the nicotine-induced reversal of the memory impairment caused by the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist dizocilpine. 
  • Identification and functional characterization of a stable, centrally active derivative of the neurotensin (8-13) fragment as a potential first-in-class analgesic. 
  • Identification in rat bile of glutathione conjugates of fluoromethyl 2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether, a nephrotoxic degradate of the anesthetic agent sevoflurane. 
  • Identification of a brain- and reproductive-organs-specific gene responsive to DNA damage and retinoic acid. 
  • Identification of a novel malonyl-CoA IC(50) for CPT-I: implications for predicting in vivo fatty acid oxidation rates. 
  • Identification of a somatodendritic targeting signal in the cytoplasmic domain of the transferrin receptor. 
  • Identification of acetylcholine receptors in adult rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • Identification of an inhibitory circuit that regulates cerebellar Golgi cell activity. 
  • Identification of n-hydroxy acid metabolites in electron impact ionization mass spectrometry. 
  • Identification of nonsulfated cholecystokinin-58 in canine intestinal extracts and its biological properties. 
  • Identification of potassium-dependent and -independent components of the apoptotic machinery in mouse ovarian germ cells and granulosa cells. 
  • Imbalances emerge in cardiac autonomic cell signaling after neonatal exposure to terbutaline or chlorpyrifos, alone or in combination. 
  • Imidacloprid induces neurobehavioral deficits and increases expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the motor cortex and hippocampus in offspring rats following in utero exposure. 
  • Immediate decline in DNA synthesis in neonatal rat lung caused by exposure to 100% oxygen. 
  • Immediate early gene expression to examine neuronal activity following acute and chronic stressors in rat pups: examination of neurophysiological alterations underlying behavioral consequences of prenatal cocaine exposure. 
  • Immunohistochemical evidence of seizure-induced activation of trk receptors in the mossy fiber pathway of adult rat hippocampus. 
  • Immunoneutralization of nerve growth factor in lumbosacral spinal cord reduces bladder hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured rats. 
  • Impact of acute nicotine exposure on monoaminergic systems in adolescent and adult male and female rats. 
  • Impact of adolescent nicotine exposure on adenylyl cyclase-mediated cell signaling: enzyme induction, neurotransmitter-specific effects, regional selectivities, and the role of withdrawal. 
  • Impact of fetal nicotine exposure on development of rat brain regions: critical sensitive periods or effects of withdrawal? 
  • Impact of prostatic radiation therapy on bladder contractility and innervation. 
  • Impaired cardiac function during postnatal hypoxia in rats exposed to nicotine prenatally: implications for perinatal morbidity and mortality, and for sudden infant death syndrome. 
  • Impaired firing and sodium channel function in CA1 hippocampal interneurons after transient cerebral ischemia. 
  • Impaired growth and force production in skeletal muscles of young partially pancreatectomized rats: a model of adolescent type 1 diabetic myopathy? 
  • Implanted neural electrodes cause chronic, local inflammation that is correlated with local neurodegeneration. 
  • Improved bladder emptying in urinary retention by electrical stimulation of pudendal afferents 
  • Improved microsurgical anastomotic patency with low molecular weight heparin. 
  • Improvement of attentional function with antagonism of nicotinic receptors in female rats. 
  • In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde Transport in Visual System After Excitotoxic Retinal Injury With Multimodal MRI and OCT. 
  • In Vivo Measurements Reveal that Both Low- and High-frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation Heterogeneously Modulate Superficial Dorsal Horn Neurons. 
  • In search of a mechanism for receptor-mediated neurobehavioral teratogenesis by nicotine: catecholamine release by nicotine in immature rat brain regions. 
  • In situ cryofixation of kidney for electron probe X-ray microanalysis. 
  • In situ gelling hydrogels for conformal repair of spinal cord defects, and local delivery of BDNF after spinal cord injury. 
  • In the rat, chronic intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence alters the ethanol sensitivity of tonic inhibition in adulthood. 
  • In vitro and in vivo characterization of porous poly-L-lactic acid coatings for subcutaneously implanted glucose sensors. 
  • In vitro and in vivo evaluation of dihydropyrimidinone C-5 amides as potent and selective alpha(1A) receptor antagonists for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. 
  • In vitro metabolism of 10-(3-chlorophenyl)-6,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,8]naphthyridin-5(7H)- one, a topical antipsoriatic agent. Use of precision-cut rat, dog, monkey and human liver slices, and chemical synthesis of metabolites. 
  • In vitro metabolism of the COX-2 inhibitor DFU, including a novel glutathione adduct rearomatization. 
  • In vivo MR imaging of pulmonary perfusion and gas exchange in rats via continuous extracorporeal infusion of hyperpolarized 129Xe. 
  • In vivo assessment of left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction by digital video contrast angiography in the rat. 
  • In vivo cytokine-associated responses to biomaterials. 
  • In vivo detection of SERS-encoded plasmonic nanostars in human skin grafts and live animal models. 
  • In vivo imaging of epileptic activity using 2-NBDG, a fluorescent deoxyglucose analog. 
  • In vivo imaging of rat coronary arteries using bi-plane digital subtraction angiography. 
  • In vivo magnetic resonance vascular imaging using laser-polarized 3He microbubbles. 
  • In vivo profile of ICA-27243 [N-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide], a potent and selective KCNQ2/Q3 (Kv7.2/Kv7.3) activator in rodent anticonvulsant models. 
  • In vivo quantification of liver stiffness in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis with acoustic radiation force. 
  • Inactivation, Clearance, and Functional Effects of Lung-Instilled Short and Long Silver Nanowires in Rats. 
  • Incorporation of biotinylated SP-A into rat lung surfactant layer, type II cells, and clara cells. 
  • Increased blood-brain barrier permeability and altered tight junctions in experimental diabetes in the rat: contribution of hyperglycaemia and matrix metalloproteinases. 
  • Increased dentate granule cell neurogenesis following amygdala kindling in the adult rat. 
  • Increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces formation of basal dendrites and axonal branching in dentate granule cells in hippocampal explant cultures. 
  • Increased expression of estrogen receptor beta in pachytene spermatocytes after short-term methoxyacetic acid administration. 
  • Increased expression of galanin in the rat superior cervical ganglion after pre- and postganglionic nerve lesions. 
  • Increased ileal proglucagon expression after jejunectomy is not suppressed by inhibition of bowel growth. 
  • Increased nicotine self-administration following prenatal exposure in female rats. 
  • Increased renal dopamine and acute renal adaptation to a high-phosphate diet. 
  • Increased resistance during jump exercise does not enhance cortical bone formation. 
  • Increased sensitivity to mu opiate antinociception in the neonatal rat despite weaker receptor-guanyl nucleotide binding protein coupling. 
  • Increased training loads do not magnify cancellous bone gains with rodent jump resistance exercise. 
  • Independent beta-arrestin2 and Gq/protein kinase Czeta pathways for ERK stimulated by angiotensin type 1A receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells converge on transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. 
  • Individual differences in psychostimulant responses of female rats are associated with ovarian hormones and dopamine neuroanatomy. 
  • Individual variation and lateral asymmetry of the rat primary somatosensory cortex. 
  • Induction and reversal of long-term potentiation by low- and high-intensity theta pattern stimulation. 
  • Induction and reversal of long-term potentiation by low- and high-intensity theta pattern stimulation. 
  • Induction of CB1 cannabinoid receptor by inflammation in primary afferent neurons facilitates antihyperalgesic effect of peripheral CB1 agonist. 
  • Induction of angiotensin converting enzyme in the neointima after vascular injury. Possible role in restenosis. 
  • Induction of arginase isoforms in the lung during hyperoxia. 
  • Induction of bladder sphincter dyssynergia by kappa-2 opioid receptor agonists in the female rat. 
  • Induction of c-fos mRNA by kindled seizures: complex relationship with neuronal burst firing. 
  • Induction of clusterin in acute and chronic oxidative renal disease in the rat and its dissociation from cell injury. 
  • Induction of ferritin and heme oxygenase-1 by endotoxin in the lung. 
  • Induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation during waking leads to increased extrahippocampal zif-268 expression during ensuing rapid-eye-movement sleep. 
  • Induction of miR-132 and miR-212 Expression by Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) in Rodent and Human Pancreatic β-Cells. 
  • Induction of tenascin in rat lungs undergoing bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. 
  • Induction of tissue-type plasminogen activator and 72-kDa type-IV collagenase by ionizing radiation in rat astrocytes. 
  • Induction of urinary excretion of 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of oxidative stress, following administration of pyridostigmine bromide, DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and permethrin, alone and in combination in rats. 
  • Influence of E. coli-induced prostatic inflammation on expression of androgen-responsive genes and transforming growth factor beta 1 cascade genes in rats. 
  • Influence of L-triiodothyronine on memory following repeated electroconvulsive shock in rats: implications for human electroconvulsive therapy. 
  • Influences of external urethral sphincter relaxation induced by alpha-bungarotoxin, a neuromuscular junction blocking agent, on voiding dysfunction in the rat with spinal cord injury. 
  • Influences of inflation rate and duration on vasodilatory effect by intermittent pneumatic compression in distant skeletal muscle. 
  • Infrared laser diode irradiation has no behavioral or biochemical effect on pain in the sciatic nerve ligation-induced mononeuropathy in rat. 
  • Infrared thermography: a rapid, portable, and accurate technique to detect experimental pneumothorax. 
  • Inhaled carbon monoxide and hyperoxic lung injury in rats. 
  • Inhaled ethyl nitrite prevents hyperoxia-impaired postnatal alveolar development in newborn rats. 
  • Inhibition of GABA-gated chloride channels in brain by the arachidonic acid metabolite, thromboxane A2. 
  • Inhibition of apoptotic signaling and neointimal hyperplasia by tempol and nitric oxide synthase following vascular injury. 
  • Inhibition of epidural scar formation after lumbar laminectomy in the rat. 
  • Inhibition of gastric emptying in response to intestinal lipid is dependent on chylomicron formation. 
  • Inhibition of iNOS with 1400W improves contractile function and alters nos gene and protein expression in reperfused skeletal muscle. 
  • Inhibition of implant-associated infections via nitric oxide release. 
  • Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase promotes recovery of motor function in rats after sciatic nerve ischemia and reperfusion. 
  • Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia by direct thrombin inhibitors in an animal vein bypass model. 
  • Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity reverses corneal endothelial-mesenchymal transition. 
  • Inhibition of neuroinflammation by thymoquinone requires activation of Nrf2/ARE signalling. 
  • Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase increases extracellular cerebral glutamate concentration after global ischemia. 
  • Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on brain oxygenation in anesthetized rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen. 
  • Inhibition of sympathetic pathways restores postoperative ileus in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. 
  • Inhibition of the vanilloid receptor subtype-1 attenuates TNBS-colitis. 
  • Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor release from cultured rat Kupffer cells by agents that reduce graft failure from storage injury. 
  • Inhibitory effects of hyperglycemia on neural activity of the vagus in rats. 
  • Injuring neurons induces neuronal differentiation in a population of hippocampal precursor cells in culture. 
  • Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase a functions as a scaffold for synaptic Rac signaling. 
  • Insulin and diabetes cause reciprocal changes in the association of eIF-4E and PHAS-I in rat skeletal muscle. 
  • Insulin replacement therapy in diabetic rats using an osmotic pump normalizes expression of enzymes key to hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. 
  • Insulin-dependent diabetic microangiopathy in the inner ear. 
  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 but not growth hormone augments mammalian myocardial contractility by sensitizing the myofilament to Ca2+ through a wortmannin-sensitive pathway: studies in rat and ferret isolated muscles. 
  • Insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression in the tibial epiphyseal growth plate of growth hormone-treated uremic rats. 
  • Integrin-linked kinase is involved in cocaine sensitization by regulating PSD-95 and synapsin I expression and GluR1 Ser845 phosphorylation. 
  • Inter-relations between 3-hydroxypropionate and propionate metabolism in rat liver: relevance to disorders of propionyl-CoA metabolism. 
  • Interaction of nicotinic and histamine H(3) systems in the radial-arm maze repeated acquisition task. 
  • Interaction of platelet-activating factor, spleen and atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma volume regulation during endotoxaemia in rats. 
  • Interactions between hypothermia and the latency to ischemic depolarization: implications for neuroprotection. 
  • Interactions of estrogen- and thyroid hormone receptors on a progesterone receptor estrogen response element (ERE) sequence: a comparison with the vitellogenin A2 consensus ERE. 
  • Interferon regulatory factors regulate interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme expression and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. 
  • Interleukin-1 beta promotes functional recovery of crushed peripheral nerve. 
  • Interleukin-13 stimulates the proliferation of lung myofibroblasts via a signal transducer and activator of transcription-6-dependent mechanism: a possible mechanism for the development of airway fibrosis in asthma. 
  • Intermittent and continuous cocaine administration: residual behavioral states during withdrawal. 
  • Intermittent but not sustained moderate hypoxia elicits long-term facilitation of hypoglossal motor output. 
  • Intermittent hypoxia during recovery from neonatal hyperoxic lung injury causes long-term impairment of alveolar development: A new rat model of BPD. 
  • Intermittent pneumatic compression of legs increases microcirculation in distant skeletal muscle. 
  • Intermittent pneumatic compression regulates expression of nitric oxide synthases in skeletal muscles. 
  • Internal strain gradients quantified in bone under load using high-energy X-ray scattering. 
  • Interneurons of the dentate-hilus border of the rat dentate gyrus: morphological and electrophysiological heterogeneity. 
  • Interrelations between C4 ketogenesis, C5 ketogenesis, and anaplerosis in the perfused rat liver. 
  • Interval timing and the encoding of signal duration by ensembles of cortical and striatal neurons. 
  • Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury causes pulmonary endothelial cell ATP depletion. 
  • Intestinal mast cells mediate gut injury and systemic inflammation in a rat model of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. 
  • Intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury is inhibited by antisense cdk 2 kinase oligonucleotides. 
  • Intra-Articular Vancomycin Powder Eliminates Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in a Rat Model of a Contaminated Intra-Articular Implant. 
  • Intra-articular clearance of labeled dextrans from naive and arthritic rat knee joints. 
  • Intracellular K+ suppresses the activation of apoptosis in lymphocytes. 
  • Intracellular protein aggregation is a proximal trigger of cardiomyocyte autophagy. 
  • Intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y increases gastric and pancreatic secretion in the dog. 
  • Intracisternal injection of TRH antibody blocks gastric emptying stimulated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rats. 
  • Intracisternal injection of apolipoprotein A-IV inhibits gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated conscious rats. 
  • Intracisternal injection of pancreatic polypeptide stimulates gastric emptying in rats. 
  • Intradiscal injection of simvastatin results in radiologic, histologic, and genetic evidence of disc regeneration in a rat model of degenerative disc disease. 
  • Intraspinal transplantation of neurogenin-expressing stem cells generates spinal cord neural progenitors. 
  • Intrathecal PLC(β3) oligodeoxynucleotides antisense potentiates acute morphine efficacy and attenuates chronic morphine tolerance. 
  • Intrathecal ketorolac tromethamine produces analgesia after chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve in rat. 
  • Intrathecal morphine suppresses immune function in rats with inflammatory-induced pain. 
  • Intravascular food reward. 
  • Intravesical liposome administration--a novel treatment for hyperactive bladder in the rat. 
  • Intravesical protamine sulfate and potassium chloride as a model for bladder hyperactivity. 
  • Intravital microscopy evaluation of angiogenesis and its effects on glucose sensor performance. 
  • Intrinsic myocyte dysfunction and tyrosine kinase pathway activation underlie the impaired wall thickening of adjacent regions during postinfarct left ventricular remodeling. 
  • Investigation of the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene as a candidate gene for hypertension. 
  • Involvement of a calcineurin/inhibitor-1 phosphatase cascade in hippocampal long-term depression. 
  • Involvement of cAMP-dependent protein kinase in mu-opioid modulation of NMDA-mediated synaptic currents. 
  • Ion channel function of aquaporin-1 natively expressed in choroid plexus. 
  • Ion transport across lingual epithelium is modulated by chorda tympani nerve fibers. 
  • Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and Src contribute to C-fiber-induced ERK activation and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in dorsal horn neurons, leading to central sensitization. 
  • Iron deficiency and high-intensity running interval training do not impact femoral or tibial bone in young female rats. 
  • Is binding to nicotinic acetylcholine and dopamine receptors related to working memory in rats? 
  • Is endogenous D-serine in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex necessary for pain-related negative affect? 
  • Ischemic injury to kidney induces glomerular podocyte effacement and dissociation of slit diaphragm proteins Neph1 and ZO-1. 
  • Isoflurane prevents learning deficiencies caused by brief hypoxia and hypotension in adult Sprague Dawley rats. 
  • Isoflurane-induced neuronal degeneration: an evaluation in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. 
  • Isoform-specific retinoid-X receptor (RXR) antibodies detect differential expression of RXR proteins in the pituitary gland. 
  • Isolated Primary Blast Inhibits Long-Term Potentiation in Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures. 
  • Isolated primary blast alters neuronal function with minimal cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. 
  • Isolation and characterization of renal cortical membranes using an aqueous two-phase partition technique. 
  • Isolation of renal brush borders. 
  • Isotopomer enrichment assay for very short chain fatty acids and its metabolic applications. 
  • JNJ-39220675, a novel selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, reduces the abuse-related effects of alcohol in rats. 
  • K+ modulation of microglial superoxide production: involvement of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
  • Kainic acid lesions disrupt fear-mediated memory processing. 
  • Ketanserin attenuates nicotine-induced working memory improvement in rats. 
  • Ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, decreases nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Kilohertz frequency nerve block enhances anti-inflammatory effects of vagus nerve stimulation. 
  • Kindling induces the long-lasting expression of a novel population of NMDA receptors in hippocampal region CA3. 
  • Kindling produces long-lasting and selective changes in gene expression of hippocampal neurons. 
  • Kindling reduces sensitivity of CA3 hippocampal pyramidal cells to competitive NMDA receptor antagonists. 
  • Kinematic and dynamic gait compensations in a rat model of lumbar radiculopathy and the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonism. 
  • Kupffer cell depletion abolishes induction of interleukin-10 and permits sustained overexpression of tumor necrosis factor alpha messenger RNA in the regenerating rat liver. 
  • Kupffer cell depletion by gadolinium chloride enhances liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. 
  • Kupffer cell-derived Fas ligand plays a role in liver injury and hepatocyte death. 
  • L-arginine or tempol supplementation improves renal and cardiovascular function in rats with reduced renal mass and chronic high salt intake. 
  • L-selectin can mediate leukocyte rolling in untreated mesenteric venules in vivo independent of E- or P-selectin. 
  • L6 spinal nerve ligation produces prolonged development of mechanical allodynia and gradual increase of GFAP on ipsilateral dorsal horn. 
  • LPS elicits a much larger and broader inflammatory response than Escherichia coli infection within the hippocampus of neonatal rats. 
  • LRRK2 G2019S-induced mitochondrial DNA damage is LRRK2 kinase dependent and inhibition restores mtDNA integrity in Parkinson's disease. 
  • Lack of apoptosis in the hypoxic brain of a rat model mimicking cyanotic heart disease. 
  • Lack of correlation between the central anti-nociceptive and peripheral anti-inflammatory effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor parecoxib. 
  • Lack of effect of mossy fiber-released zinc on granule cell GABA(A) receptors in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. 
  • Largazole pharmacokinetics in rats by LC-MS/MS. 
  • Large A-fiber activity is required for microglial proliferation and p38 MAPK activation in the spinal cord: different effects of resiniferatoxin and bupivacaine on spinal microglial changes after spared nerve injury. 
  • Large-scale quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of detergent-resistant membrane proteins from rat renal collecting duct. 
  • Lasting effects of nicotine treatment and withdrawal on serotonergic systems and cell signaling in rat brain regions: separate or sequential exposure during fetal development and adulthood. 
  • Learning impairment caused by a toxin produced by Pfiesteria piscicida infused into the hippocampus of rats. 
  • Lentiviral mediated gene delivery to the anterior chamber of rodent eyes. 
  • Leptin mediates the parathyroid hormone-related protein paracrine stimulation of fetal lung maturation. 
  • Leptin promotes the myofibroblastic phenotype in hepatic stellate cells by activating the hedgehog pathway. 
  • Leucine-rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) Pharmacological Inhibition Abates α-Synuclein Gene-induced Neurodegeneration. 
  • Leukocyte inflammatory response in a rat urinary bladder regeneration model using porcine small intestinal submucosa scaffold. 
  • Leukocyte-capillary plugging and network resistance are increased in skeletal muscle of rats with streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. 
  • Leukotriene B4 mediates inflammation via TRPV1 in duct obstruction-induced pancreatitis in rats. 
  • Ligand-dependent recruitment of the ErbB4 signaling complex into neuronal lipid rafts. 
  • Light chains are a ligand for megalin. 
  • Light touch induces ERK activation in superficial dorsal horn neurons after inflammation: involvement of spinal astrocytes and JNK signaling in touch-evoked central sensitization and mechanical allodynia. 
  • Lin28a Regulates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophic Growth Through Pck2-Mediated Enhancement of Anabolic Synthesis. 
  • Lipid-based microtubular drug delivery vehicles. 
  • Lipids up-regulate uncoupling protein 2 expression in rat hepatocytes. 
  • Lipopolysaccharide stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via activation of nuclear respiratory factor-1. 
  • Lipopolysaccharide up-regulates platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) alpha-receptor expression in rat lung myofibroblasts and enhances response to all PDGF isoforms. 
  • Liver cell-derived microparticles activate hedgehog signaling and alter gene expression in hepatic endothelial cells. 
  • Lobeline-induced learning improvement of rats in the radial-arm maze. 
  • Local disruption of the celiac ganglion inhibits substance P release and ameliorates caerulein-induced pancreatitis in rats. 
  • Local tissue geometry determines contractile force generation of engineered muscle networks. 
  • Localization and quantification of glucose transporters in liver of growth-retarded fetal and neonatal rats. 
  • Localization of S1 and elongation factor-1 alpha mRNA in rat brain and liver by non-radioactive in situ hybridization. 
  • Localization of substance P NK-1 receptors in rat tongue. 
  • Locomotor and sensorimotor performance deficit in rats following exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin, alone and in combination. 
  • Long Noncoding RNA MANTIS Facilitates Endothelial Angiogenic Function. 
  • Long- and short-term effects of biological hydrogels on capsule microvascular density around implants in rats. 
  • Long-lasting CNS effects of a short-term chemical knockout of ornithine decarboxylase during development: nicotinic cholinergic receptor upregulation and subtle macromolecular changes in adulthood. 
  • Long-lasting delayed hyperalgesia after subchronic swim stress. 
  • Long-lasting reduction of inhibitory function and gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit mRNA expression in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. 
  • Long-term behavioral deficits following pilocarpine seizures in immature rats. 
  • Long-term captopril treatment improves diastolic filling more than systolic performance in rats with large myocardial infarction. 
  • Long-term contractile activity and thyroid hormone supplementation produce engineered rat myocardium with adult-like structure and function. 
  • Long-term effects of acute and of chronic hypoxia on behavior and on hippocampal histology in the developing brain. 
  • Long-term effects of chronic intermittent ethanol exposure in adolescent and adult rats: radial-arm maze performance and operant food reinforced responding. 
  • Long-term effects of excitatory amino acid antagonists NBQX and MK-801 on the developing brain. 
  • Long-term enhancement of central synaptic transmission by chronic brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment. 
  • Long-term ethanol consumption alters the hepatic response to the regenerative effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 
  • Long-term modulation of A-type K(+) conductances in hippocampal CA1 interneurons in rats after chronic intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence or adulthood. 
  • Long-term potentiation induced by theta frequency stimulation is regulated by a protein phosphatase-1-operated gate. 
  • Long-term recording reliability of liquid crystal polymer µECoG arrays. 
  • Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function in rats after cardiopulmonary bypass: evidence for long-term deficits. 
  • Lorcaserin, a 5-HT2C agonist, decreases nicotine self-administration in female rats. 
  • Loss of neonatal hypoxia tolerance after prenatal nicotine exposure: implications for sudden infant death syndrome. 
  • Low-dose mecamylamine improves learning of rats in the radial-arm maze repeated acquisition procedure. 
  • Luminal epidermal growth factor preserves mucosal mass of small bowel in fasting rats. 
  • Luminally released serotonin stimulates colonic motility and accelerates colonic transit in rats. 
  • Luminopsins integrate opto- and chemogenetics by using physical and biological light sources for opsin activation. 
  • Lung injury after ozone exposure is iron dependent. 
  • Lung-specific induction of heme oxygenase-1 and hyperoxic lung injury. 
  • MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 in cardiac hypertrophy and cyclooxygenase-2 regulation in heart. 
  • MR microscopy of the rat carotid artery after balloon injury by using an implanted imaging coil. 
  • MR microscopy of the rat lung using projection reconstruction. 
  • Magnesium efficacy in a rat spinal cord injury model. 
  • Magnesium-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission by ethanol. 
  • Magnetic resonance histology of age-related nephropathy in the Sprague Dawley rat. 
  • Magnetic resonance imaging of a tissue/implanted device biointerface using in vivo microdialysis sampling. 
  • Magnetic resonance microscopy of the rat carotid artery at 300 megahertz. 
  • Magnetic resonance water proton relaxation in protein solutions and tissue: T(1rho) dispersion characterization. 
  • Magnitude and ethanol sensitivity of tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition in dentate gyrus changes from adolescence to adulthood. 
  • Magnitude of abdominal incision affects the duration of postoperative ileus in rats. 
  • Mammary gland morphology in Sprague-Dawley rats following treatment with an organochlorine mixture in utero and neonatal genistein. 
  • Manganese porphyrins and related compounds as mimics of superoxide dismutase. 
  • Manganese-porphyrin reactions with lipids and lipoproteins. 
  • Mast cell activation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: mediator release and role of CD48. 
  • Mast cell stabilization improves survival by preventing apoptosis in sepsis. 
  • Mast cell-derived particles deliver peripheral signals to remote lymph nodes. 
  • Maternal separation in neonatal rats elicits activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis: a putative role for corticotropin-releasing factor. 
  • Maturation of coordinated immediate early gene expression by cocaine during adolescence. 
  • Maximization of signal derived from cDNA microarrays. 
  • Measurement of NMDA receptor protein subunits in discrete hippocampal regions of kindled animals. 
  • Measurement of cerebral blood flow in rats and mice by hydrogen clearance during hyperbaric oxygen exposure. 
  • Measurement of regional lung function in rats using hyperpolarized 3helium dynamic MRI. 
  • Measuring attention in rats with a visual signal detection task: Signal intensity vs. signal duration. 
  • Measuring the link between cardiac mechanical function and metabolism during hyperpolarized ¹³ C-pyruvate magnetic resonance experiments. 
  • Measuring the progression of foreign-body reaction to silicone implants using in vivo MR microscopy. 
  • Mechanical culture conditions effect gene expression: gravity-induced changes on the space shuttle. 
  • Mechanical injury to neuronal/glial cultures in microplates: role of NMDA receptors and pH in secondary neuronal cell death. 
  • Mechanical ventilation of rat lung: effect on surfactant forms. 
  • Mechanism of action of intracisternal apolipoprotein A-IV in inhibiting gastric acid secretion in rats. 
  • Mechanisms of erythropoietin-mediated cardioprotection during ischemia-reperfusion injury: role of protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. 
  • Mechanisms underlying cardiovascular defense reaction evoked by dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation. 
  • Mechanistic contribution of CaV3.2 calcium channels to trigeminal neuralgia pathophysiology not clarified. 
  • Mechanoelectrical excitation by fluid jets in monolayers of cultured cardiac myocytes. 
  • Medial septal benzodiazepine receptors modulate hippocampal evoked responses and long-term potentiation. 
  • Megalin mediates renal uptake of heavy metal metallothionein complexes. 
  • Membrane potential mediates H(+)-ATPase dependence of "degradative pathway" endosomal fusion. 
  • Membrane translocation and regulation of uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid uptake in rat liver microsomal vesicles. 
  • Memory retention is modulated by acute estradiol and progesterone replacement. 
  • Merosin promotes neurite growth and Schwann cell migration in vitro and nerve regeneration in vivo: evidence using an antibody to merosin, ARM-1. 
  • Mesolimbic exendin-4 attenuates reward salience evoked by neuropeptide Y and ghrelin. 
  • Metabolic glycan labeling and chemoselective functionalization of native biomaterials. 
  • Metabolic studies of rat renal tubule cells loaded with cystine: the cystine dimethylester model of cystinosis. 
  • Metabolism of O6-benzylguanine, an inactivator of O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. 
  • Metabolism of levulinate in perfused rat livers and live rats: conversion to the drug of abuse 4-hydroxypentanoate. 
  • Metabolism of γ-hydroxybutyrate in perfused rat livers. 
  • Metabolomics and mass isotopomer analysis as a strategy for pathway discovery: pyrrolyl and cyclopentenyl derivatives of the pro-drug of abuse, levulinate. 
  • Metalloporphyrin antioxidants ameliorate normal tissue radiation damage in rat brain. 
  • Metalloporphyrins are potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. 
  • Methamphetamine induces long-term changes in GABAA receptor alpha2 subunit and GAD67 expression. 
  • MiR-21 alleviates secondary blood-brain barrier damage after traumatic brain injury in rats. 
  • Micro-CT imaging assessment of dobutamine-induced cardiac stress in rats. 
  • Micro-anastomosis of 0.3-0.4 mm vessels after cold ischemia using a rat model of toe-to-thumb transplantation. 
  • MicroRNA signature characterizes primary tumors that metastasize in an esophageal adenocarcinoma rat model. 
  • Microglia and memory: modulation by early-life infection. 
  • Microglia-mediated degradation of perineuronal nets promotes pain. 
  • Microglial dopamine receptor elimination defines sex-specific nucleus accumbens development and social behavior in adolescent rats. 
  • Microvascular anastomoses in growing vessels: a long-term evaluation of nonabsorbable suture materials. 
  • Mimicking maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm labor: fetal nicotine exposure enhances the effect of late gestational dexamethasone treatment on noradrenergic circuits. 
  • Mimicking maternal smoking and pharmacotherapy of preterm labor: interactions of fetal nicotine and dexamethasone on serotonin and dopamine synaptic function in adolescence and adulthood. 
  • Minocycline attenuates mechanical allodynia and expression of spinal NMDA receptor 1 subunit in rat neuropathic pain model. 
  • Minocycline can delay the development of morphine tolerance, but cannot reverse existing tolerance in the maintenance period of neuropathic pain in rats. 
  • Mitochondrial adaptations to obesity-related oxidant stress. 
  • Mitochondrial and intrinsic optical signals imaged during hypoxia and spreading depression in rat hippocampal slices. 
  • Mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species after brain ischemia in the rat. 
  • Mitochondrial oxidative stress after carbon monoxide hypoxia in the rat brain. 
  • Mitochondrial respiration after sepsis and prolonged hypoxia. 
  • Mitral cells in the olfactory bulb are mainly excited through a multistep signaling path. 
  • Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimic, MnTnHex-2-PyP(5+), and non-SOD mimic, MnTBAP(3-), suppressed rat spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury via NF-κB pathways. 
  • Model of recovery of locomotor ability after sensorimotor cortex injury in rats. 
  • Modeling adolescent nicotine exposure: effects on cholinergic systems in rat brain regions. 
  • Modeling geriatric depression in animals: biochemical and behavioral effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats. 
  • Moderate hypothermia induces marked increase in levels and nuclear accumulation of SUMO2/3-conjugated proteins in neurons. 
  • Modest increase in extracellular potassium unmasks effect of recurrent mossy fiber growth. 
  • Modular isotopomer synthesis of γ-hydroxybutyric acid for a quantitative analysis of metabolic fates. 
  • Modulation of IA currents by capsaicin in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • Modulation of NMDA and AMPA-mediated synaptic transmission by CB1 receptors in frontal cortical pyramidal cells. 
  • Modulation of activity and conduction in single dorsal column axons by kilohertz-frequency spinal cord stimulation. 
  • Modulation of cerebral microvascular permeability by endothelial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. 
  • Modulation of glutamate and aspartate release from slices of hippocampal area CA1 by inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. 
  • Modulation of hepatic adrenergic receptor ontogeny by thyroid hormone. 
  • Modulation of rat chorda tympani nerve activity by lingual nerve stimulation. 
  • Modulation of the GABA(A)-gated chloride channel by reactive oxygen species. 
  • Molecular cloning of KS, a novel rat gene expressed exclusively in the kidney. 
  • Monoclonal antibody interaction with the third immunoglobulin-like domain of N-CAM is sufficient to cause cell migration. 
  • Morphologic effects of subtoxic neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure in developing rat brain: regionally selective alterations in neurons and glia. 
  • Morphologic integration of hilar ectopic granule cells into dentate gyrus circuitry in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. 
  • Morphometric and electrical properties of reconstructed hippocampal CA3 neurons recorded in vivo. 
  • Mossy fiber-granule cell synapses in the normal and epileptic rat dentate gyrus studied with minimal laser photostimulation. 
  • Motor activity and quantitative autoradiographic analysis of muscarinic receptors in the brain of rats subjected to the forced swimming test. 
  • Motor functional and morphological findings following end-to-side neurorrhaphy in the rat model. 
  • Motor neuron regeneration accuracy: balancing trophic influences between pathways and end-organs. 
  • Motor neuron target selectivity and survival after prolonged axotomy. 
  • Motor neurons can preferentially reinnervate cutaneous pathways. 
  • Mu opioid receptor-mediated modulation of synaptic currents in dentate granule cells of rat hippocampus. 
  • Mu- and kappa-opiate receptor control of prolactin secretion in rats: ontogeny and interaction with serotonin. 
  • Multiphasic morphine modulation of substance P release from capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers. 
  • Multiple Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases from rat brain. Purification, regulation by Ca(2+)-calmodulin, and partial amino acid sequence. 
  • Multiple mass isotopomer tracing of acetyl-CoA metabolism in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts: channeling of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate dehydrogenase to carnitine acetyltransferase. 
  • Multiple polyamine regulatory pathways control compensatory cardiovascular hypertrophy in coarctation hypertension. 
  • Multivariate Curve Resolution for Signal Isolation from Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetric Data. 
  • Mustard oils and cannabinoids excite sensory nerve fibres through the TRP channel ANKTM1. 
  • Mutual regulation of Src family kinases and the neurotrophin receptor TrkB. 
  • Mutually augmenting interactions of dextromethorphan and sazetidine-A for reducing nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Myeloma light chains are ligands for cubilin (gp280). 
  • Myocardial Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE1) content is decreased by exercise training. 
  • Myocardial hypertrophy in the ischemic zone induced by exercise in rats after coronary reperfusion. 
  • Myocardial injury-induced fibroblast proliferation facilitates retroviral-mediated gene transfer to the rat heart in vivo. 
  • Myocardial stunning: association with altered gene expression. 
  • N-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide (ICA-27243): a novel, selective KCNQ2/Q3 potassium channel activator. 
  • NAAG peptidase inhibition reduces locomotor activity and some stereotypes in the PCP model of schizophrenia via group II mGluR. 
  • NF-kappaB p65 involves in reperfusion injury and iNOS gene regulation in skeletal muscle. 
  • NK-1 antagonist reduces colonic inflammation and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate-induced colitis in rats. 
  • NLRP3/IL-1β mediates denervation during bladder outlet obstruction in rats. 
  • NMDA and glutamate evoke excitotoxicity at distinct cellular locations in rat cortical neurons in vitro. 
  • NMDA receptor antagonists disinhibit rat posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices: a potential mechanism of neurotoxicity. 
  • NMDA receptor dependence of kindling and mossy fiber sprouting: evidence that the NMDA receptor regulates patterning of hippocampal circuits in the adult brain. 
  • NMDA systems in the amygdala and piriform cortex and nicotinic effects on memory function. 
  • NMDA-Receptor-dependent synaptic activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels in basolateral amygdala. 
  • NMDA-induced apoptosis in mixed neuronal/glial cortical cell cultures: the effects of isoflurane and dizocilpine. 
  • Nanoparticle-mediated local delivery of Methylprednisolone after spinal cord injury. 
  • Nanoscale laminin coating modulates cortical scarring response around implanted silicon microelectrode arrays. 
  • Narp and NP1 form heterocomplexes that function in developmental and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. 
  • Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the frontal cortex in rats: persisting effects on locomotor activity, learning and nicotine self-administration. 
  • Neonatal bacterial infection alters fever to live and simulated infections in adulthood. 
  • Neonatal chlorpyrifos administration elicits deficits in immune function in adulthood: a neural effect? 
  • Neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure alters synaptic development and neuronal activity in cholinergic and catecholaminergic pathways. 
  • Neonatal chronic hind paw inflammation alters sensitization to intradermal capsaicin in adult rats: a behavioral and immunocytochemical study. 
  • Neonatal dexamethasone treatment leads to alterations in cell signaling cascades controlling hepatic and cardiac function in adulthood. 
  • Neonatal exposure to low doses of diazinon: long-term effects on neural cell development and acetylcholine systems. 
  • Neonatal exposure to parathion alters lipid metabolism in adulthood: Interactions with dietary fat intake and implications for neurodevelopmental deficits. 
  • Neonatal infection modulates behavioral flexibility and hippocampal activation on a Morris Water Maze task. 
  • Neonatal infection-induced memory impairment after lipopolysaccharide in adulthood is prevented via caspase-1 inhibition. 
  • Neonatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure alters the developmental trajectory of cell-signaling cascades controlling metabolism: differential effects of diazinon and parathion. 
  • Neonatal parathion exposure and interactions with a high-fat diet in adulthood: Adenylyl cyclase-mediated cell signaling in heart, liver and cerebellum. 
  • Neonatal parathion exposure disrupts serotonin and dopamine synaptic function in rat brain regions: modulation by a high-fat diet in adulthood. 
  • Neonatal polyamine depletion by alpha-difluoromethylornithine: effects on adenylyl cyclase cell signaling are separable from effects on brain region growth. 
  • Nephrotoxicity of sevoflurane compound A [fluoromethyl-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl ether] in rats: evidence for glutathione and cysteine conjugate formation and the role of renal cysteine conjugate beta-lyase. 
  • Nerve activity-dependent modulation of calcineurin signaling in adult fast and slow skeletal muscle fibers. 
  • Nerve conduction blockade in the sciatic nerve prevents but does not reverse the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in spinal microglia in the rat spared nerve injury model. 
  • Nerve growth factor and its low-affinity receptor promote Schwann cell migration. 
  • Netrin-1 and peripheral nerve regeneration in the adult rat. 
  • Neural and glial-mediated effects of growth factors acting via tyrosine kinase receptors on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neurons. 
  • Neural input and the development of adrenergic intracellular signaling: neonatal denervation evokes neither receptor upregulation nor persistent supersensitivity of adenylate cyclase. 
  • Neural mechanism of acupuncture-induced gastric relaxations in rats. 
  • Neural plasticity and addiction: integrin-linked kinase and cocaine behavioral sensitization. 
  • Neural responses to bitter compounds in rats. 
  • Neurite outgrowth is enhanced by anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies to the ganglioside GM1. 
  • Neuro-anatomic mapping of dopamine D1 receptor involvement in nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Neuroanatomical evidence for a putative autocrine/paracrine signaling system involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, purinergic receptors, and nitric oxide synthase in the airways. 
  • Neuroanatomical relationships of substance P-immunoreactive intrapulmonary C-fibers and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. 
  • Neuroinflammation and behavioral abnormalities after neonatal terbutaline treatment in rats: implications for autism. 
  • Neurokinin-1 receptor enhances TRPV1 activity in primary sensory neurons via PKCepsilon: a novel pathway for heat hyperalgesia. 
  • Neurological deficits induced by malathion, DEET, and permethrin, alone or in combination in adult rats. 
  • Neurological injury during cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat. 
  • Neuronal apoptosis associated with morphine tolerance: evidence for an opioid-induced neurotoxic mechanism. 
  • Neuronal control of cardiac and hepatic macromolecule synthesis in the neonatal rat: effects of sympathectomy. 
  • Neuronal expression of bitter taste receptors and downstream signaling molecules in the rat brainstem. 
  • Neuropathic pain is constitutively suppressed in early life by anti-inflammatory neuroimmune regulation. 
  • Neuropeptide Y and galanin binding sites in rat and monkey lumbar dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord and effect of peripheral axotomy. 
  • Neuropeptide Y regulates recurrent mossy fiber synaptic transmission less effectively in mice than in rats: Correlation with Y2 receptor plasticity. 
  • Neuropeptides modulate rat chorda tympani responses. 
  • Neuroprotective effect of chronic infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor on seizure-associated hippocampal damage. 
  • Neuroprotective effect of felbamate after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. 
  • Neuroprotective effects of creatine administration against NMDA and malonate toxicity. 
  • Neuroprotective effects of creatine and cyclocreatine in animal models of Huntington's disease. 
  • Neuroprotective effects of group III mGluR in traumatic neuronal injury. 
  • Neurosteroid modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in the central amygdala: a role for NMDA receptors. 
  • Neurosteroid modulation of embryonic neuronal survival in vitro following anoxia. 
  • Neurotensin reduces glutamatergic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum via retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. 
  • Neurotoxicity of ethyl methacrylate in rats. 
  • Neurotrophins affect the pattern of DRG neurite growth in a bioassay that presents a choice of CNS and PNS substrates. 
  • Neurotrophins: peripherally and centrally acting modulators of tactile stimulus-induced inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. 
  • Neutrophils plug capillaries in acute experimental retinal ischemia. 
  • New in vitro model of traumatic neuronal injury: evaluation of secondary injury and glutamate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. 
  • New insights into protein S-nitrosylation. Mitochondria as a model system. 
  • Nicotine administration in adolescence reprograms the subsequent response to nicotine treatment and withdrawal in adulthood: sex-selective effects on cerebrocortical serotonergic function. 
  • Nicotine and clozapine actions on pre-pulse inhibition deficits caused by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor blockade. 
  • Nicotine and clozapine effects on attentional performance impaired by the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine in female rats. 
  • Nicotine exposure in adolescence alters the response of serotonin systems to nicotine administered subsequently in adulthood. 
  • Nicotine increases in vivo blood-brain barrier permeability and alters cerebral microvascular tight junction protein distribution. 
  • Nicotine inhibits voltage-dependent sodium channels and sensitizes vanilloid receptors. 
  • Nicotine interactions with haloperidol, clozapine and risperidone and working memory function in rats. 
  • Nicotine is a neurotoxin in the adolescent brain: critical periods, patterns of exposure, regional selectivity, and dose thresholds for macromolecular alterations. 
  • Nicotine-alcohol interactions and attentional performance on an operant visual signal detection task in female rats. 
  • Nicotine-alcohol interactions and cognitive function in rats. 
  • Nicotine-antipsychotic drug interactions and attentional performance in female rats. 
  • Nicotine-dizocilpine interactions and working and reference memory performance of rats in the radial-arm maze. 
  • Nicotinic antagonist administration into the ventral hippocampus and spatial working memory in rats. 
  • Nicotinic antagonist effects in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus: regional heterogeneity of nicotinic receptor involvement in cognitive function. 
  • Nicotinic mechanisms of memory: effects of acute local DHbetaE and MLA infusions in the basolateral amygdala. 
  • Nicotinic receptors in the habenula: importance for memory. 
  • Nicotinic, muscarinic and dopaminergic actions in the ventral hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens: effects on spatial working memory in rats. 
  • Nicotinic-glutamatergic interactions and attentional performance on an operant visual signal detection task in female rats. 
  • Nicotinic-serotonergic drug interactions and attentional performance in rats. 
  • Nitric oxide amplifies the excitatory to inhibitory neurotransmitter imbalance accelerating oxygen seizures. 
  • Nitric oxide and cerebral blood flow responses to hyperbaric oxygen. 
  • Nitric oxide and differential effects of ATP on mitochondrial permeability transition. 
  • Nitric oxide decreases oxidant-mediated hepatocyte injury. 
  • Nitric oxide modulates branching morphogenesis in fetal rat lung explants. 
  • Nitric oxide production is enhanced in rat brain before oxygen-induced convulsions. 
  • Nitric oxide synthase inhibition and extracellular glutamate concentration after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. 
  • Nitric oxide synthase is an active enzyme in the spiral ganglion cells of the rat cochlea. 
  • Nitric oxide-generating hydrogels inhibit neointima formation. 
  • Nitric oxide-mediated central sympathetic excitation promotes CNS and pulmonary O₂ toxicity. 
  • Nitric oxide-producing polyurethanes. 
  • Nitric oxide-releasing polymeric microspheres improve diabetes-related erectile dysfunction. 
  • Nitric oxide-releasing polyurethane-PEG copolymer containing the YIGSR peptide promotes endothelialization with decreased platelet adhesion. 
  • Nociceptive-specific activation of ERK in spinal neurons contributes to pain hypersensitivity. 
  • Nociceptors are interleukin-1beta sensors. 
  • Non-monotonic kilohertz frequency neural block thresholds arise from amplitude- and frequency-dependent charge imbalance. 
  • Nonenzymatic functions of acetylcholinesterase splice variants in the developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates: chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos oxon, and diazinon. 
  • Nonenzymatic role of acetylcholinesterase in neuritic sprouting: regional changes in acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase after neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. 
  • Noninvasively induced degeneration of neocortical pyramidal neurons in vivo: selective targeting by laser activation of retrogradely transported photolytic chromophore. 
  • Norepinephrine induces hepatic fibrogenesis in leptin deficient ob/ob mice. 
  • Novel Regulatory Mechanisms for the SoxC Transcriptional Network Required for Visual Pathway Development. 
  • Novel adamantyl cannabinoids as CB1 receptor probes. 
  • Novel anisotropic engineered cardiac tissues: studies of electrical propagation. 
  • Novel approach in LC-MS/MS using MRM to generate a full profile of acyl-CoAs: discovery of acyl-dephospho-CoAs. 
  • Novel heparanase-inhibiting antibody reduces neointima formation. 
  • Novel hybrid action of GABA mediates inhibitory feedback in the mammalian retina. 
  • Novel micropatterned cardiac cell cultures with realistic ventricular microstructure. 
  • Novel repression of Kcc2 transcription by REST-RE-1 controls developmental switch in neuronal chloride. 
  • Novel role of the nociceptin system as a regulator of glutamate transporter expression in developing astrocytes. 
  • Nuclear factor-kappa B regulates pain and COMT expression in a rodent model of inflammation. 
  • Nuclear factor-kappaB mediates Kupffer cell apoptosis through transcriptional activation of Fas/FasL. 
  • Nucleus Accumbens AMPA Receptors Are Necessary for Morphine-Withdrawal-Induced Negative-Affective States in Rats. 
  • OGP functionalized phenylalanine-based poly(ester urea) for enhancing osteoinductive potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • Odorant receptors and desensitization proteins colocalize in mammalian sperm. 
  • Oestrogen receptors enhance dopamine neurone survival in rat midbrain. 
  • Olanzapine and clozapine increase the GABAergic neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone in rodents. 
  • Olanzapine and fluoxetine administration and coadministration increase rat hippocampal pregnenolone, allopregnanolone and peripheral deoxycorticosterone: implications for therapeutic actions. 
  • Olanzapine increases allopregnanolone in the rat cerebral cortex. 
  • Olanzapine interactions with nicotine and mecamylamine in rats: effects on memory function. 
  • Olfactory marker protein mRNA is found in axons of olfactory receptor neurons. 
  • On-line coupling of in vivo microdialysis sampling with capillary electrophoresis. 
  • Ontogenesis of prolactin receptor gene expression in the rat olfactory system: potential roles for lactogenic hormones in olfactory development. 
  • Ontogenetic studies of tolerance development: effects of chronic morphine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. 
  • Ontogenetic transition of cardiac myosin heavy chain isoforms in rat ventricle: effects of fetal exposure to beta-adrenergic agonists or antagonists. 
  • Ontogeny and localization of TGF-beta type I receptor expression during lung development. 
  • Ontogeny of G-protein expression: control by beta-adrenoceptors. 
  • Ontogeny of beta-adrenoceptor/adenylyl cyclase desensitization mechanisms: the role of neonatal innervation. 
  • Ontogeny of cardiac beta-adrenoceptor desensitization mechanisms: agonist treatment enhances receptor/G-protein transduction rather than eliciting uncoupling. 
  • Ontogeny of hepatic and plasma metabolism of deltamethrin in vitro: role in age-dependent acute neurotoxicity. 
  • Ontogeny of regulatory mechanisms for beta-adrenoceptor control of rat cardiac adenylyl cyclase: targeting of G-proteins and the cyclase catalytic subunit. 
  • Ontogeny of seizure-induced increases in BDNF immunoreactivity and TrkB receptor activation in rat hippocampus. 
  • Opiate withdrawal in the neonatal rat: relationship to duration of treatment and naloxone dose. 
  • Opioid Self-Administration is Attenuated by Early-Life Experience and Gene Therapy for Anti-Inflammatory IL-10 in the Nucleus Accumbens of Male Rats. 
  • Opposing action of conantokin-G on synaptically and extrasynaptically-activated NMDA receptors. 
  • Opposite modulation of capsaicin-evoked substance P release by glutamate receptors. 
  • Optical imaging of hippocampal neurons with a chloride-sensitive dye: early effects of in vitro ischemia. 
  • Optical imaging reveals elevated intracellular chloride in hippocampal pyramidal neurons after oxidative stress. 
  • Optimal interval for hot water immersion tail-flick test in rats. 
  • Optimized solubilization of TRIzol-precipitated protein permits Western blotting analysis to maximize data available from brain tissue. 
  • Oral sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2* nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent, reduces nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Organophosphate insecticides target the serotonergic system in developing rat brain regions: disparate effects of diazinon and parathion at doses spanning the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition. 
  • Origin of fetal troponin T: developmentally regulated splicing of a new exon in the fast troponin T gene. 
  • Osteopontin is a proximal effector of leptin-mediated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fibrosis. 
  • Overexpression of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in fetal rat heart: receptors in search of a function. 
  • Overexpression of human catalase inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells. 
  • Overexpression of lysyl oxidase to increase matrix crosslinking and improve tissue strength in dermal wound healing. 
  • Oxidative mechanisms contributing to the developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine and chlorpyrifos. 
  • Oxidative metabolism in rat hepatocytes and mitochondria during sepsis. 
  • Oxidative stress and adenine nucleotide control of mitochondrial permeability transition. 
  • Oxidative stress-induced expression and modulation of Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-1 (PRL-1) in mammalian retina. 
  • Oxygen-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in the rat hippocampus. 
  • P- and L-selectin mediate distinct but overlapping functions in endotoxin-induced leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the rat mesenteric microcirculation. 
  • PI3 kinase is involved in cocaine behavioral sensitization and its reversal with brain area specificity. 
  • PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor, LY3023414, Demonstrates Potent Antitumor Efficacy Against Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in a Rat Model. 
  • PLP1 alternative splicing in differentiating oligodendrocytes: characterization of an exonic splicing enhancer. 
  • PPI deficit induced by amphetamine is attenuated by the histamine H1 antagonist pyrilamine, but is exacerbated by the serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin. 
  • PTEN modulates vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated signaling and angiogenic effects. 
  • Pancreatic polypeptide microinjection into the dorsal motor nucleus inhibits pancreatic secretion in rats. 
  • Parameters for lithium treatment are critical in its enhancement of fracture-healing in rodents. 
  • Paraoxon toxicity is not potentiated by prior reduction in blood acetylcholinesterase. 
  • Parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve prevents systemic organ dysfunction by abrogating gut injury and lymph toxicity in trauma and hemorrhagic shock. 
  • Parenteral and enteral metabolism of anaplerotic triheptanoin in normal rats. II. Effects on lipolysis, glucose production, and liver acyl-CoA profile. 
  • Partial disruption of fear conditioning in rats with unilateral amygdala damage: correspondence with unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans. 
  • Passive biaxial mechanical properties of the rat bladder wall after spinal cord injury. 
  • Paternal THC exposure in rats causes long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in the offspring. 
  • Paternal cannabis extract exposure in rats: Preconception timing effects on neurodevelopmental behavior in offspring. 
  • Paternal factors in neurodevelopmental toxicology: THC exposure of male rats causes long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in their offspring. 
  • Paternal nicotine exposure in rats produces long-lasting neurobehavioral effects in the offspring. 
  • Paternal Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure Prior to Mating Elicits Deficits in Cholinergic Synaptic Function in the Offspring. 
  • Patterned low-frequency deep brain stimulation induces motor deficits and modulates cortex-basal ganglia neural activity in healthy rats. 
  • Peak alignment of urine NMR spectra using fuzzy warping. 
  • Peptide-mediated targeting of the islets of Langerhans. 
  • Perfluorocarbon administration during cardiopulmonary bypass in rats: an inflammatory link to adverse outcome? 
  • Pergolide interactions with nicotine and pilocarpine in rats on the radial-arm maze. 
  • Periischemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) does not explain beneficial effects of isoflurane on outcome from near-complete forebrain ischemia in rats. 
  • Perinatal diazinon exposure compromises the development of acetylcholine and serotonin systems. 
  • Perinatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke induces adenylyl cyclase and alters receptor-mediated cell signaling in brain and heart of neonatal rats. 
  • Perinatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke upregulates nicotinic cholinergic receptors in monkey brain. 
  • Peripheral axonal injury results in reduced mu opioid receptor pre- and post-synaptic action in the spinal cord. 
  • Peripheral noxious stimulation induces phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit at the PKC-dependent site, serine-896, in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. 
  • Peripheral plasma corticotropin-releasing factor concentration does not correlate with augmented colonic motility in response to restraint stress in rats. 
  • Peripherally administered CRF stimulates colonic motility via central CRF receptors and vagal pathways in conscious rats. 
  • Permanent, sex-selective effects of prenatal or adolescent nicotine exposure, separately or sequentially, in rat brain regions: indices of cholinergic and serotonergic synaptic function, cell signaling, and neural cell number and size at 6 months of age. 
  • Permeability properties of rat renal lysosomes. 
  • Persistence and survival of autologous muscle derived cells versus bovine collagen as potential treatment of stress urinary incontinence. 
  • Persistence of chronic nicotine-induced cognitive facilitation. 
  • Persistent Catechol-O-methyltransferase-dependent Pain Is Initiated by Peripheral β-Adrenergic Receptors. 
  • Persistent and delayed behavioral changes after nicotine treatment in adolescent rats. 
  • Persistent attenuation of nicotine self-administration in rats by co-administration of chronic nicotine infusion with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 or the serotonin 5-HT2C agonist lorcaserin. 
  • Persistent behavioral alterations in rats neonatally exposed to low doses of the organophosphate pesticide, parathion. 
  • Persistent behavioral consequences of neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure in rats. 
  • Persistent c-fos induction by nicotine in developing rat brain regions: interaction with hypoxia. 
  • Persistent cholinergic presynaptic deficits after neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure. 
  • Persistent high alcohol consumption in alcohol-preferring (P) rats results from a lack of normal aversion to alcohol. 
  • Persistent neurobehavioral effects of early postnatal domoic acid exposure in rats. 
  • Persisting behavioral consequences of prenatal domoic acid exposure in rats. 
  • Persisting learning deficits in rats after exposure to Pfiesteria piscicida. 
  • Personalized Radiation Attenuating Materials for Gastrointestinal Mucosal Protection. 
  • Pfiesteria toxin and learning performance. 
  • Phagocyte-generated superoxide reduces Fe3+ to displace it from the surface of asbestos. 
  • Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of 2-fluoro-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (2-F-A-85380), a ligand for imaging cerebral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with positron emission tomography. 
  • Pharmacological interventions to decompression sickness in rats: comparison of five agents. 
  • Phasic activation of the external urethral sphincter increases voiding efficiency in the rat and the cat. 
  • Phenobarbital modifies seizure-related brain injury in the developing brain. 
  • Phosducin, potential role in modulation of olfactory signaling. 
  • Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition restored hippocampal long term potentiation after primary blast. 
  • Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors oppose hyperoxic vasoconstriction and accelerate seizure development in rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen. 
  • Phosphorylation of PHAS-I by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Identification of a site phosphorylated by MAP kinase in vitro and in response to insulin in rat adipocytes. 
  • Phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB in rat spinal cord after formalin-induced hyperalgesia: relationship to c-fos induction. 
  • Phrenic long-term facilitation requires PKCθ activity within phrenic motor neurons. 
  • Phrenic motor neuron TrkB expression is necessary for acute intermittent hypoxia-induced phrenic long-term facilitation. 
  • Physiological state gates acquisition and expression of mesolimbic reward prediction signals. 
  • Pilocarpine seizures cause age-dependent impairment in auditory location discrimination. 
  • Pilot Study Evaluating a Rat Model of Radiation-induced Erectile Dysfunction Using an Image-guided Microirradiator. 
  • Pinhole collimation for ultra-high-resolution, small-field-of-view SPECT. 
  • Pituitary-thyroid axis reactivity to hyper- and hypothyroidism in the perinatal period: ontogeny of regulation of regulation and long-term programming of responses. 
  • Plasma membrane aquaporin activity can affect the rate of apoptosis but is inhibited after apoptotic volume decrease. 
  • Plasticity of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses is associated with seizures induced by removal of chronic blockade of activity in cultured hippocampus. 
  • Platelet-activating factor and endotoxin induce tumour necrosis factor gene expression in rat intestine and liver. 
  • Platelet-derived growth factor-BB pretreatment attenuates excitotoxic death in cultured hippocampal neurons. 
  • Polarized secretory trafficking directs cargo for asymmetric dendrite growth and morphogenesis. 
  • Pollutant particles enhanced H2O2 production from NAD(P)H oxidase and mitochondria in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells. 
  • Pollutant particles produce vasoconstriction and enhance MAPK signaling via angiotensin type I receptor. 
  • Polyamines antagonize N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked depolarizations, but reduce Mg2+ block. 
  • Polycarbonate Urethane Mesh: A New Material for Pelvic Reconstruction. 
  • Polyethylene glycol fusion repair prevents reinnervation accuracy in rat peripheral nerve. 
  • Polysialic acid expression is not necessary for motor neuron target selectivity. 
  • Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone: A Novel Cryoprotectant in Islet Cell Cryopreservation. 
  • Population-averaged diffusion tensor imaging atlas of the Sprague Dawley rat brain. 
  • Porous PEEK improves the bone-implant interface compared to plasma-sprayed titanium coating on PEEK. 
  • Porous, Dexamethasone-loaded polyurethane coatings extend performance window of implantable glucose sensors in vivo. 
  • Post-ictal depression transiently inhibits induction of LTP in area CA1 of the rat hippocampal slice. 
  • Postlipopolysaccharide oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA. 
  • Postmitotic expression of ankyrinR and beta R-spectrin in discrete neuronal populations of the rat brain. 
  • Postnatal hypoxia evokes persistent changes within the male rat's dopaminergic system. 
  • Potential for germ line transmission after intramyocardial gene delivery by adeno-associated virus. 
  • Potential importance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in preventing neointima formation. 
  • Potential neuroprotective effects of continuous topiramate therapy in the developing brain. 
  • Pre-emptive gene therapy using recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery of extracellular superoxide dismutase protects heart against ischemic reperfusion injury, improves ventricular function and prolongs survival. 
  • Preclinical Study of AUY922, a Novel Hsp90 Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. 
  • Preclinical and clinical evaluation of intraductally administered agents in early breast cancer. 
  • Preclinical toxicity evaluation of a novel immunotoxin, D2C7-(scdsFv)-PE38KDEL, administered via intracerebral convection-enhanced delivery in rats. 
  • Pregnancy lactogens in the rat conceptus and fetus: circulating levels, distribution of binding, and expression of receptor messenger ribonucleic acid. 
  • Prenatal availability of choline alters the development of acetylcholinesterase in the rat hippocampus. 
  • Prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure elicits presynaptic serotonergic and dopaminergic hyperactivity at adolescence: critical periods for regional and sex-selective effects. 
  • Prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure in rats causes persistent behavioral alterations. 
  • Prenatal choline availability alters the context sensitivity of Pavlovian conditioning in adult rats. 
  • Prenatal choline availability modulates hippocampal neurogenesis and neurogenic responses to enriching experiences in adult female rats. 
  • Prenatal choline deficiency decreases the cross-sectional area of cholinergic neurons in the medial septal nucleus. 
  • Prenatal choline deficiency does not enhance hippocampal vulnerability after kainic acid-induced seizures in adulthood. 
  • Prenatal choline exposure alters hippocampal responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation in adulthood. 
  • Prenatal choline supplementation alters hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotransmission in adult rats. 
  • Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion, and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule behavior. 
  • Prenatal choline supplementation attenuates neuropathological response to status epilepticus in the adult rat hippocampus. 
  • Prenatal choline supplementation increases NGF levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of young and adult rats. 
  • Prenatal choline supplementation protects against postnatal neurotoxicity. 
  • Prenatal cocaine and cell development in rat brain regions: effects on ornithine decarboxylase and macromolecules. 
  • Prenatal cocaine eliminates the sex-dependent differences in activation observed in adult rats after cocaine challenge. 
  • Prenatal dexamethasone augments the neurobehavioral teratology of chlorpyrifos: significance for maternal stress and preterm labor. 
  • Prenatal dexamethasone augments the sex-selective developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: implications for vulnerability after pharmacotherapy for preterm labor. 
  • Prenatal dexamethasone exposure causes loss of neonatal hypoxia tolerance: cellular mechanisms. 
  • Prenatal dexamethasone, as used in preterm labor, worsens the impact of postnatal chlorpyrifos exposure on serotonergic pathways. 
  • Prenatal dietary choline availability alters postnatal neurotoxic vulnerability in the adult rat. 
  • Prenatal dietary choline supplementation decreases the threshold for induction of long-term potentiation in young adult rats. 
  • Prenatal drug exposures sensitize noradrenergic circuits to subsequent disruption by chlorpyrifos. 
  • Prenatal exposure to toluene results in abnormal neurogenesis and migration in rat somatosensory cortex. 
  • Prenatal nicotine alters the developmental neurotoxicity of postnatal chlorpyrifos directed toward cholinergic systems: better, worse, or just "different?". 
  • Prenatal nicotine changes the response to postnatal chlorpyrifos: Interactions targeting serotonergic synaptic function and cognition. 
  • Prenatal nicotine effects on memory in rats: pharmacological and behavioral challenges. 
  • Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the response to nicotine administration in adolescence: effects on cholinergic systems during exposure and withdrawal. 
  • Prenatal nicotine exposure and cognitive performance in rats. 
  • Prenatal nicotine exposure evokes alterations of cell structure in hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. 
  • Prenatal stress elicits regionally selective changes in basal FGF-2 gene expression in adulthood and alters the adult response to acute or chronic stress. 
  • Prenatal-choline supplementation differentially modulates timing of auditory and visual stimuli in aged rats. 
  • Pressure-mediated oligonucleotide transfection of rat and human cardiovascular tissues. 
  • Presynaptic BK channels modulate ethanol-induced enhancement of GABAergic transmission in the rat central amygdala nucleus. 
  • Presynaptic Inputs to Any CNS Projection Neuron Identified by Dual Recombinant Virus Infection. 
  • Prevention of Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma by smoothened inhibitor in a rat model of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 
  • Prevention of Reperfusion Injury in Skeletal Muscle. 
  • Prevention of experimental cyclosporin-induced interstitial fibrosis by losartan and enalapril. 
  • Prevention of restenosis by gene therapy. 
  • Prevention of venous thrombosis in microvascular surgery by transmural release of heparin from a polyanhydride polymer. 
  • Primary Blast Exposure Increases Hippocampal Vulnerability to Subsequent Exposure: Reducing Long-Term Potentiation. 
  • Primary Blast Injury Depressed Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation through Disruption of Synaptic Proteins. 
  • Primary sensory neurons: a common final pathway for inflammation in experimental pancreatitis in rats. 
  • Proconvulsant and anticonvulsant properties of ethanol: studies of electrographic seizures in vitro. 
  • Production of hydroxyl radical in the hippocampus after CO hypoxia or hypoxic hypoxia in the rat. 
  • Progesterone is neuroprotective after acute experimental spinal cord trauma in rats. 
  • Programmed cell death in the lithium pilocarpine model: evidence for NMDA receptor and ceramide-mediated mechanisms. 
  • Programming of brainstem serotonin transporter development by prenatal glucocorticoids. 
  • Progressive neuronal activation accompanies epileptogenesis caused by hippocampal glutamine synthetase inhibition. 
  • Prolactin receptor gene expression in the fetal rat. 
  • Proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells in rat uterine cervix throughout gestation and the effect of the antiprogesterone onapristone. 
  • Proline-induced inhibition of glutamate release in hippocampal area CA1. 
  • Proline-induced potentiation of glutamate transmission. 
  • Prolonged convection-enhanced delivery into the rat brainstem. 
  • Prolonged production of hydroxyl radical in rat hippocampus after brain ischemia-reperfusion is decreased by 21-aminosteroids. 
  • Prolonging the Reduction of Nicotine Self-Administration in Rats by Coadministering Chronic Nicotine With Amitifadine, a Triple Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor With CYP2B6 Inhibitory Actions. 
  • Prominent expression of bFGF in dorsal root ganglia after axotomy. 
  • Promotion of the development of enteric neurons and glia by neuropoietic cytokines: interactions with neurotrophin-3. 
  • Promotional role for glucocorticoids in the development of intracellular signalling: enhanced cardiac and renal adenylate cyclase reactivity to beta-adrenergic and non-adrenergic stimuli after low-dose fetal dexamethasone exposure. 
  • Propagation of human prostate tissue from induced pluripotent stem cells. 
  • Properties of the pathways from the lateral amygdal nucleus to basolateral nucleus and amygdalostriatal transition area. 
  • Prostate-Confined Radiation Decreased Pelvic Ganglia Neuronal Survival and Outgrowth. 
  • Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) protein and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) protein coupling is required for sustained inflammatory signaling. 
  • Protease-activated receptor 2 sensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 ion channel to cause mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. 
  • Protease-degradable PEG-maleimide coating with on-demand release of IL-1Ra to improve tissue response to neural electrodes. 
  • Protective effect of 21-aminosteroid pretreatment in peripheral nerve low-load crush injury in mature and immature rats. 
  • Protective effect of apolipoprotein E-mimetic peptides on N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity in primary rat neuronal-glial cell cultures. 
  • Protective effect of hypothermia on contractile force in skeletal muscle. 
  • Protein kinase C-zeta is critical in pancreatitis-induced apoptosis of Kupffer cells. 
  • Protein phosphatases mediate depotentiation induced by high-intensity theta-burst stimulation. 
  • Protein synthesis inhibition blocks maintenance but not induction of epileptogenesis in hippocampal slice. 
  • Proteome-wide muscle protein fractional synthesis rates predict muscle mass gain in response to a selective androgen receptor modulator in rats. 
  • Proteomic profiling of nuclei from native renal inner medullary collecting duct cells using LC-MS/MS. 
  • Pseudomonas invasion of type I pneumocytes is dependent on the expression and phosphorylation of caveolin-2. 
  • Pulmonary alveolar epithelial uptake of S-nitrosothiols is regulated by L-type amino acid transporter. 
  • Pulmonary effects of inhalation of spark-generated silver nanoparticles in Brown-Norway and Sprague-Dawley rats. 
  • Pulmonary expression of iNOS and HO-1 protein is upregulated in a rat model of prehepatic portal hypertension. 
  • Pulmonary fibrogenesis after three consecutive inhalation exposures to chrysotile asbestos. 
  • Pulmonary toxicity after exposure to military-relevant heavy metal tungsten alloy particles. 
  • Pulmonary toxicity of instilled silver nanoparticles: influence of size, coating and rat strain. 
  • Pulmonary vasodilation by ketamine is mediated in part by L-type calcium channels. 
  • Punicalagin inhibits neuroinflammation in LPS-activated rat primary microglia. 
  • Purification and characterization of zeta-crystallin/quinone reductase from guinea pig liver. 
  • Qualitative and Quantitative Neuropathology Approaches Using Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) and Stereology in a Hexachlorophene Model of Myelinopathy in Sprague-Dawley Rats. 
  • Quantification of alpha4beta2* nicotinic receptors in the rat brain with microPET and 2-[18F]F-A-85380. 
  • Quantification of erythrocyte flow in the choroid of the albino rat. 
  • Quantifying lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium in vivo by visible-light optical coherence tomography-based multimodal imaging. 
  • Quantitative 129Xe MRI detects early impairment of gas-exchange in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension. 
  • Quantitative and morphological analysis of dentate granule cells with recurrent basal dendrites from normal and epileptic rats. 
  • Quantitative assessment of emphysema using hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging. 
  • Quantitative morphological assessment reveals neuronal and glial deficits in hippocampus after a brief subtoxic exposure to chlorpyrifos in neonatal rats. 
  • Quisqualic acid-induced seizures during development: a behavioral and EEG study. 
  • RIP3 S-nitrosylation contributes to cerebral ischemic neuronal injury. 
  • RNA aptamer-based functional ligands of the neurotrophin receptor, TrkB. 
  • Radiation-induced erectile dysfunction using prostate-confined modern radiotherapy in a rat model. 
  • Rap1 promotes multiple pancreatic islet cell functions and signals through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 to enhance proliferation. 
  • Rapastinel accelerates loss of withdrawal signs after repeated morphine and blunts relapse to conditioned place preference. 
  • Rapid endocytosis of a G protein-coupled receptor: substance P evoked internalization of its receptor in the rat striatum in vivo. 
  • Rapid fusion between mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyocytes yields electrically active, non-contractile hybrid cells. 
  • Rapid loss of blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein activity through transporter internalization demonstrated using a novel in situ proteolysis protection assay. 
  • Rapid mtDNA deletion by oxidants in rat liver mitochondria after hemin exposure. 
  • Rapid neurobehavioral analysis of Pfiesteria piscicida effects in juvenile and adult rats. 
  • Rapid reliable measurement of lesion parameters for studies of motor recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury in the rat. 
  • Rapid, reversible modulation of blood-brain barrier P-glycoprotein transport activity by vascular endothelial growth factor. 
  • Rat placental lactogen-I binds to the choroid plexus and hypothalamus of the pregnant rat. 
  • Reactivation treatment prevents the memory-impairing effects of scopolamine in preweanling rats. 
  • Reactive oxygen species produced by liver mitochondria of rats in sepsis. 
  • Receptor endocytosis and dendrite reshaping in spinal neurons after somatosensory stimulation. 
  • Reciprocal feedback regulation of kidney angiotensinogen and renin mRNA expressions by angiotensin II. 
  • Recombinant adenoviral expression of dominant negative IkappaBalpha protects brain from cerebral ischemic injury. 
  • Recombinant human glial growth factor 2 (rhGGF2) improves functional recovery of crushed peripheral nerve (a double-blind study). 
  • Recovery following stretch injury to the sciatic nerve of the rat: an in vivo study. 
  • Recurrent mossy fiber pathway in rat dentate gyrus: synaptic currents evoked in presence and absence of seizure-induced growth. 
  • Reduced GABA neurotransmission underlies hyperalgesia induced by repeated forced swimming stress. 
  • Reduced extracellular dopamine and increased responsiveness to novelty: neurochemical and behavioral sequelae of intermittent hypoxia. 
  • Reduced foreign body response at nitric oxide-releasing subcutaneous implants. 
  • Reduction in methamphetamine induced sensitization and reinstatement after combined pergolide plus ondansetron treatment during withdrawal. 
  • Reduction of spinal PGE2 concentrations prevents swim stress-induced thermal hyperalgesia. 
  • Reduction of voltage-dependent currents by ethanol contributes to inhibition of NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission. 
  • Regeneration of cortical tissue from brain injury by implantation of defined molecular gradient of semaphorin 3A. 
  • Regenerative changes in C/EBP alpha and C/EBP beta expression modulate binding to the C/EBP site in the c-fos promoter. 
  • Region-Specific Differences in Morphometric Features and Synaptic Colocalization of Astrocytes During Development. 
  • Regional differences in brain monoamine oxidase subtypes in an animal model of geriatric depression: effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats. 
  • Regional metabolic changes in the pedunculopontine nucleus of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine Parkinson's model rats. 
  • Regional variations in small intestinal submucosa evoke differences in inflammation with subsequent impact on tissue regeneration in the rat bladder augmentation model. 
  • Regression of NMU-induced mammary tumors with the combination of melatonin and 9-cis-retinoic acid. 
  • Regulation and localization of HSP70 and HSP25 in the kidney of rats undergoing long-term administration of angiotensin II. 
  • Regulation and localization of the insulin-like growth factor system in small bowel during altered nutrient status. 
  • Regulation of Kupffer cell TNF gene expression during experimental acute pancreatitis: the role of p38-MAPK, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and NF-kappaB. 
  • Regulation of Kv1 subunit expression in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and their role in G1/S phase progression of the cell cycle. 
  • Regulation of alternative splicing of NMDAR1 in the kindling model. 
  • Regulation of cardiac nitric oxide signaling by nuclear β-adrenergic and endothelin receptors. 
  • Regulation of cholecystokinin gene expression in rat intestine. 
  • Regulation of expression of transcobalamin II receptor in the rat. 
  • Regulation of intrarenal and circulating renin-angiotensin systems in severe heart failure in the rat. 
  • Regulation of membrane chloride currents in rat bile duct epithelial cells. 
  • Regulation of synaptic strength by protein phosphatase 1. 
  • Regulation of the G protein Galphai2 by growth and development in fetal airway epithelium. 
  • Regulation of tumor necrosis factor cytotoxicity by calcineurin. 
  • Reinnervation accuracy of the rat femoral nerve by motor and sensory neurons. 
  • Relation of addiction genes to hypothalamic gene changes subserving genesis and gratification of a classic instinct, sodium appetite. 
  • Relationship among brain and blood glucose levels and spontaneous and glucoprivic feeding. 
  • Relationship between cytochrome P450 2E1 and acetone catabolism in rats as studied with diallyl sulfide as an inhibitor. 
  • Release of cytochrome c from liver mitochondria during permeability transition. 
  • Release of glutamate and aspartate from CA1 synaptosomes: selective modulation of aspartate release by ionotropic glutamate receptor ligands. 
  • Rem2-targeted shRNAs reduce frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents without altering voltage-gated Ca²⁺ currents. 
  • Removal of GABAergic inhibition facilitates polysynaptic A fiber-mediated excitatory transmission to the superficial spinal dorsal horn. 
  • Renal denervation attenuates NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and hypertension in rats with hydronephrosis. 
  • Renal endosomes contain angiotensin peptides, converting enzyme, and AT(1A) receptors. 
  • Renal segmental microvascular responses to ANG II in AT1A receptor null mice. 
  • Renin and angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the kidneys of rats subjected to long-term bile duct ligation. 
  • Repair-related activation of hedgehog signaling in stromal cells promotes intrahepatic hypothyroidism. 
  • Repeated mild blast exposure in young adult rats results in dynamic and persistent microstructural changes in the brain. 
  • Repeated swim stress increases pain-induced expression of c-Fos in the rat lumbar cord. 
  • Reperfusion injury is reduced in skeletal muscle by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase. 
  • Repetitive intraperitoneal caspase-3 inhibitor and anesthesia reduces neuronal damage. 
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation activates specific regions in rat brain. 
  • Reproductive cytotoxicity is predicted by magnetic resonance microscopy and confirmed by ubiquitin-proteasome immunohistochemistry in a theophylline-induced model of rat testicular and epididymal toxicity. 
  • Requirement for reactive oxygen species in serum-induced and platelet-derived growth factor-induced growth of airway smooth muscle. 
  • Requirement for superoxide in excitotoxic cell death. 
  • Resistance to adenovirally induced hyperleptinemia in rats. Comparison of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and mutated leptin receptors. 
  • Resorbable, amino acid-based poly(ester urea)s crosslinked with osteogenic growth peptide with enhanced mechanical properties and bioactivity. 
  • Respiratory effects of pressor and depressor agents in conscious rats. 
  • Response reliability observed with voltage-sensitive dye imaging of cortical layer 2/3: the probability of activation hypothesis. 
  • Responses of cultured rat trigeminal ganglion neurons to bitter tastants. 
  • Responses to propofol in the pulmonary vascular bed of the rat. 
  • Restraint stress augments postprandial gastric contractions but impairs antropyloric coordination in conscious rats. 
  • Restraint stress delays solid gastric emptying via a central CRF and peripheral sympathetic neuron in rats. 
  • Restraint stress stimulates colonic motility via central corticotropin-releasing factor and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors in conscious rats. 
  • Reversal of clozapine effects on working memory in rats with fimbria-fornix lesions. 
  • Reversal of cocaine sensitization-induced behavioral sensitization normalizes GAD67 and GABAA receptor alpha2 subunit expression, and PKC zeta activity. 
  • Reversal of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and associated phosphorylation of the NR2B and GluR1 subunits of the NMDA and AMPA receptors. 
  • Reversal of long-term methamphetamine sensitization by combination of pergolide with ondansetron or ketanserin, but not mirtazapine. 
  • Reverse end-to-side neurotization. 
  • RhoA GTPase-induced ocular hypertension in a rodent model is associated with increased fibrogenic activity in the trabecular meshwork. 
  • Rift Valley fever virus induces fetal demise in Sprague-Dawley rats through direct placental infection. 
  • Right vs. left sensorimotor cortex suction-ablation in the rat: no difference in beam-walking recovery. 
  • RoBo-1, a novel member of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor/CD59/Ly-6/snake toxin family selectively expressed in rat bone and growth plate cartilage. 
  • Role of NMDA, non-NMDA, and GABA receptors in signal propagation in the amygdala formation. 
  • Role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 desensitization in greater tetrahydrocannabinol impairment of memory in adolescent rats. 
  • Role of central glucagon-like peptide-1 in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical facilitation following chronic stress. 
  • Role of glucocorticoids in tuning hindbrain stress integration. 
  • Role of insular cortex D₁ and D₂ dopamine receptors in nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Role of mu-opioid and NMDA receptors in the development and maintenance of repeated swim stress-induced thermal hyperalgesia. 
  • Role of nicotinic receptors in the lateral habenula in the attenuation of amphetamine-induced prepulse inhibition deficits of the acoustic startle response in rats. 
  • Role of nitric oxide in vasodilation in upstream muscle during intermittent pneumatic compression. 
  • Role of noradrenergic hyperactivity in neonatal opiate abstinence. 
  • Role of oxidative stress in a rat model of radiation-induced erectile dysfunction. 
  • Role of presynaptic input in the ontogeny of adrenergic cell signaling in rat brain: beta receptors, adenylate cyclase and c-fos protooncogene expression. 
  • Role of pudendal afferents in voiding efficiency in the rat 
  • Role of small GTP-binding proteins in lovastatin-induced cataracts. 
  • Role of surface complexed iron in oxidant generation and lung inflammation induced by silicates. 
  • Role of taste aversion in calcium channel inhibitor-induced suppression of saccharin and alcohol drinking in rats. 
  • Role of the CX3CR1/p38 MAPK pathway in spinal microglia for the development of neuropathic pain following nerve injury-induced cleavage of fractalkine. 
  • Role of thyroid status in the ontogeny of adrenergic cell signaling in rat brain: beta receptors, adenylate cyclase, ornithine decarboxylase and c-fos protooncogene expression. 
  • Roles of adherent myogenic cells and dynamic culture in engineered muscle function and maintenance of satellite cells. 
  • S-Nitrosoglutathione protects the spinal bladder: novel therapeutic approach to post-spinal cord injury bladder remodeling. 
  • S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine protects skeletal muscle against reperfusion injury. 
  • S-nitrosoglutathione inhibits alpha1-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and ligand binding in pulmonary artery. 
  • S-nitrosohaemoglobin: a dynamic activity of blood involved in vascular control. 
  • S100A8 protein attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness by suppressing the contraction of airway smooth muscle. 
  • SAMP14, a novel, acrosomal membrane-associated, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the Ly-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor superfamily with a role in sperm-egg interaction. 
  • Safety evaluation of carbon tetrafluoride as an inert hyperbaric breathing gas in Sprague-Dawley rats. 
  • Sazetidine-A, a selective alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor desensitizing agent and partial agonist, reduces nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Sazetidine-A, a selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand: effects on dizocilpine and scopolamine-induced attentional impairments in female Sprague-Dawley rats. 
  • Scaffold-based rhBMP-2 therapy in a rat alveolar defect model: implications for human gingivoperiosteoplasty. 
  • Schizophrenia-like GABAergic gene expression deficits in cerebellar Golgi cells from rats chronically exposed to low-dose phencyclidine. 
  • Secreted frizzled related protein 2 (Sfrp2) is the key Akt-mesenchymal stem cell-released paracrine factor mediating myocardial survival and repair. 
  • Secreted frizzled related protein 2 protects cells from apoptosis by blocking the effect of canonical Wnt3a. 
  • Secreted nuclear protein DEK regulates hematopoiesis through CXCR2 signaling. 
  • Secretin receptors in a new preparation of plasma membranes from intrahepatic biliary epithelium. 
  • Sedative and GABAergic effects of ethanol on male and female rats. 
  • Segmental distribution of the endocytosis receptor gp330 in renal proximal tubules. 
  • Select de novo gene and protein expression during renal epithelial cell culture in rotating wall vessels is shear stress dependent. 
  • Selective activation of cannabinoid CB(2) receptors suppresses spinal fos protein expression and pain behavior in a rat model of inflammation. 
  • Selective activation of mesoamygdaloid dopamine neurons by conditioned stress: attenuation by diazepam. 
  • Selective enhancement of axonal branching of cultured dentate gyrus neurons by neurotrophic factors. 
  • Selective gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor antagonism reverses isoflurane ischemic neuroprotection. 
  • Selective induction of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein isoforms occurs during rat liver development. 
  • Selective inhibition of kindling development by intraventricular administration of TrkB receptor body. 
  • Selective laser-activated lesioning of prelabeled fetal hippocampal grafts by intracellular photolytic chromophore. 
  • Selective suppression of in vitro electrographic seizures by low-dose tetrodotoxin: a novel anticonvulsant effect. 
  • Selectivity of lingual nerve fibers to chemical stimuli. 
  • Self-administration by female rats of low doses of nicotine alone vs. nicotine in tobacco smoke extract. 
  • Sensitivity and specificity of phospho-Ser129 α-synuclein monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Sensorimotor deficit and cholinergic changes following coexposure with pyridostigmine bromide and sarin in rats. 
  • Sensorimotor deficits and increased brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors following exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or nicotine in rats. 
  • Sensory feedback from the urethra evokes state-dependent lower urinary tract reflexes in rat. 
  • Sensory neuron signaling to the brain: properties of transmitter release from olfactory nerve terminals. 
  • Separate or sequential exposure to nicotine prenatally and in adulthood: persistent effects on acetylcholine systems in rat brain regions. 
  • Separation of the arterial wall from blood contact using hydrogel barriers reduces intimal thickening after balloon injury in the rat: the roles of medial and luminal factors in arterial healing. 
  • Sequence elements required for transcriptional activity of the human myoglobin promoter in intact myocardium. 
  • Sequential ionic and conformational signaling by calcium channels drives neuronal gene expression. 
  • Sequestration of mitochondrial iron by silica particle initiates a biological effect. 
  • Serial Endoscopic Evaluation of Esophageal Disease in a Cancer Model: A Paradigm Shift for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) Drug Discovery and Development. 
  • Serial echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular geometry and function after large myocardial infarction in the rat. 
  • Serial in vivo observations of cerebral vasculature after treatment with a large single fraction of radiation. 
  • Serotonergic cell signaling in an animal model of aging and depression: olfactory bulbectomy elicits different adaptations in brain regions of young adult vs aging rats. 
  • Serotonergic systems targeted by developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos: effects during different critical periods. 
  • Serotonin depletion exacerbates changes in striatal gene expression following quinolinic acid injection. 
  • Serotonin regulates dynamics of cerebellar granule cell activity by modulating tonic inhibition. 
  • Serotonin transporter expression in rat brain regions and blood platelets: aging and glucocorticoid effects. 
  • Sertraline attenuates hyperphagia in rats following nicotine withdrawal. 
  • Severe airway epithelial injury, aberrant repair and bronchiolitis obliterans develops after diacetyl instillation in rats. 
  • Sex Differences in the Subcellular Distribution of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 in the Rat Hippocampus following Chronic Immobilization Stress. 
  • Sex differences in cocaine-stimulated motor behavior: disparate effects of gonadectomy. 
  • Sex differences in microglial colonization of the developing rat brain. 
  • Sex differences in the effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure on exploratory and anxiety-like behavior in adult rats. 
  • Sex differences in the effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on spatial learning in adolescent and adult rats. 
  • Sex differences in the neurochemical and functional effects of MDMA in Sprague-Dawley rats. 
  • Sex hormones and renal nitric oxide synthases. 
  • Sex-related spatial learning differences after prenatal cocaine exposure in the young adult rat. 
  • Sex-selective hippocampal alterations after adolescent nicotine administration: effects on neurospecific proteins. 
  • Sex-specific effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure-induced dysregulation of hippocampal glial cells in adulthood. 
  • Sexual dimorphism of urine angiotensinogen excretion in the rat. 
  • Short small-interfering RNAs produce interferon-α-mediated analgesia. 
  • Short-chain fatty acids stimulate colonic transit via intraluminal 5-HT release in rats. 
  • Short-term adolescent nicotine exposure has immediate and persistent effects on cholinergic systems: critical periods, patterns of exposure, dose thresholds. 
  • Short-term adolescent nicotine exposure in rats elicits immediate and delayed deficits in T-lymphocyte function: critical periods, patterns of exposure, dose thresholds. 
  • Short-term frequency-dependent plasticity at recurrent mossy fiber synapses of the epileptic brain. 
  • Shuttle mission effects on glutamate receptor expression in the developing rodent spinal cord. 
  • Silencing of cytosolic or mitochondrial isoforms of malic enzyme has no effect on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rodent islets. 
  • Similar but not the same: normobaric and hyperbaric pulmonary oxygen toxicity, the role of nitric oxide. 
  • Similar propagation of SD and hypoxic SD-like depolarization in rat hippocampus recorded optically and electrically. 
  • Similarities and differences in the currents activated by capsaicin, piperine, and zingerone in rat trigeminal ganglion cells. 
  • Simultaneous functional photoacoustic and ultrasonic endoscopy of internal organs in vivo. 
  • Simultaneous quantification of GABAergic 3alpha,5alpha/3alpha,5beta neuroactive steroids in human and rat serum. 
  • Simvastatin suppresses cyclophosphamide-induced changes in urodynamics and bladder inflammation. 
  • Simvastatin treatment improves functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury by upregulating the expression of BDNF and GDNF. 
  • Single dose of glutamine enhances myocardial tissue metabolism, glutathione content, and improves myocardial function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. 
  • Single intraluminal delivery of antisense cdc2 kinase and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides results in chronic inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. 
  • Size and ionic currents of unexcitable cells coupled to cardiomyocytes distinctly modulate cardiac action potential shape and pacemaking activity in micropatterned cell pairs. 
  • Skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the abundance of the mRNA translation initiation repressor PDCD4 are inversely regulated by fasting and refeeding in rats. 
  • Skin-derived precursors differentiate into skeletogenic cell types and contribute to bone repair. 
  • Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) in the repair of a cecal wound in unprepared bowel in rats. 
  • Snare protein expression and adenoviral transfection of amphicrine AR42J. 
  • Sonic hedgehog induces GLT-1 degradation via PKC delta to suppress its transporter activities. 
  • Sparing of Descending Axons Rescues Interneuron Plasticity in the Lumbar Cord to Allow Adaptive Learning After Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury. 
  • Spatial distribution and acute anti-inflammatory effects of Methylprednisolone after sustained local delivery to the contused spinal cord. 
  • Spatial memory and hippocampal plasticity are differentially sensitive to the availability of choline in adulthood as a function of choline supply in utero. 
  • Spatial memory retention is enhanced by acute and continuous estradiol replacement. 
  • Specialized proresolution mediators in the bladder: annexin-A1 normalizes inflammation and bladder dysfunction during bladder outlet obstruction. 
  • Species differences in cardiac thyroid hormone receptor isoforms protein abundance. 
  • Specific agrin isoforms induce cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons. 
  • Specificity of cognitive impairment from Pfiesteria piscicida exposure in rats: attention and visual function versus behavioral plasticity. 
  • Spectral-domain differential interference contrast microscopy. 
  • Spectrum and subcellular determinants of fluorinated anesthetic-mediated proximal tubular injury. 
  • Speed and accuracy of taste identification and palatability: impact of learning, reward expectancy, and consummatory licking. 
  • Sphingolipid biosynthesis de novo by rat hepatocytes in culture. Ceramide and sphingomyelin are associated with, but not required for, very low density lipoprotein secretion. 
  • Spinal activation of protein kinase C elicits phrenic motor facilitation. 
  • Spinal sensory projection neuron responses to spinal cord stimulation are mediated by circuits beyond gate control. 
  • Splenda alters gut microflora and increases intestinal p-glycoprotein and cytochrome p-450 in male rats. 
  • Spontaneous release of neuropeptide Y tonically inhibits recurrent mossy fiber synaptic transmission in epileptic brain. 
  • Sprouting of substance P-expressing primary afferent central terminals and spinal micturition reflex NK1 receptor dependence after spinal cord injury. 
  • Stable-isotope dilution GC-MS for determination of toluene in submilliliter volumes of whole blood. 
  • Stage-specific expression of B cell translocation gene 1 in rat testis. 
  • Stages of status epilepticus in the developing brain. 
  • Staining methods for magnetic resonance microscopy of the rat fetus. 
  • Stanniocalcin-1 is a Modifier of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Severity. 
  • Startle and prepulse inhibition as a function of background noise: a computational and experimental analysis. 
  • Status epilepticus-induced hilar basal dendrites on rodent granule cells contribute to recurrent excitatory circuitry. 
  • Stem cell-bearing suture improves Achilles tendon healing in a rat model. 
  • Stereological analysis of GluR2-immunoreactive hilar neurons in the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy: correlation of cell loss with mossy fiber sprouting. 
  • Stimulation of different subtypes of angiotensin II receptors, AT1 and AT2 receptors, regulates STAT activation by negative crosstalk. 
  • Stimulation of gastric secretion and enhanced gastric mucosal damage following central administration of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in rats. 
  • Stimulation of long-chain fatty acid uptake by dipyridamole in isolated myocytes. 
  • Stimulation of the pelvic nerve increases bladder capacity in the prostaglandin E₂ rat model of overactive bladder. 
  • Stimulation with cholecystokinin leads to increased ratio between mRNA levels for anionic and cationic trypsinogen in rat pancreas. 
  • Streptozotocin induces G2 arrest in skeletal muscle myoblasts and impairs muscle growth in vivo. 
  • Stress-induced hyperalgesia is associated with a reduced and delayed GABA inhibitory control that enhances post-synaptic NMDA receptor activation in the spinal cord. 
  • Stress-induced muscle and cutaneous hyperalgesia: differential effect of milnacipran. 
  • Structural coupling of cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes: quantitative comparisons using a novel micropatterned cell pair assay. 
  • Structural equation modeling and nested ANOVA: effects of lead exposure on maternal and fetal growth in rats. 
  • Structure activity relationships of a series of buspirone analogs at alpha-1 adrenoceptors: further evidence that rat aorta alpha-1 adrenoceptors are of the alpha-1D-subtype. 
  • Studies of ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle: efficacy of 21-aminosteroids on microcirculation and muscle contraction after an extended period of warm ischemia. 
  • Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine attenuate nicotine self-administration in rats. 
  • Subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria play distinct roles in regulating skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism. 
  • Substance P activation of enteric neurons in response to intraluminal Clostridium difficile toxin A in the rat ileum. 
  • Substituted thiopyrano[2,3,4-c,d]indoles as potent, selective, and orally active inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase. Synthesis and biological evaluation of L-691,816. 
  • Superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTE-2-PyP(5+) ameliorates acute and chronic proctitis following focal proton irradiation of the rat rectum. 
  • Suppository administration of chemotherapeutic drugs with concomitant radiation for rectal cancer. 
  • Suppression of alcohol consumption by fenfluramine in Fawn-Hooded rats with serotonin dysfunction. 
  • Suppression of inflammatory and neuropathic pain by uncoupling CRMP-2 from the presynaptic Ca²⁺ channel complex. 
  • Suppression of interictal bursting in hippocampus unleashes seizures in entorhinal cortex: a proepileptic effect of lowering [K+]o and raising [Ca2+]o. 
  • Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor by adenosine: evidence for A2 receptors on rat Kupffer cells. 
  • Surface coil imaging of rat spine at 7.0 T. 
  • Surgery upregulates high mobility group box-1 and disrupts the blood-brain barrier causing cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. 
  • Surgical autonomic denervation results in altered colonic motility: an explanation for low anterior resection syndrome? 
  • Survival and inflammatory responses in experimental models of hemorrhage. 
  • Survival of allografted pancreatic islets in the subretinal space in rats. 
  • Survival of subretinal pancreatic islet cell allografts and apoptosis in infiltrating lymphocytes in rats. 
  • Susceptibility of ePTFE vascular grafts and bioengineered human acellular vessels to infection. 
  • Sustained Hypoxia Elicits Competing Spinal Mechanisms of Phrenic Motor Facilitation. 
  • Sustained delivery of thermostabilized chABC enhances axonal sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. 
  • Sustained in vivo gene delivery from agarose hydrogel prolongs nonviral gene expression in skin. 
  • Sustained stimulation of β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors leads to persistent functional pain and neuroinflammation. 
  • Sympathetic ganglionic blockade masks beneficial effect of isoflurane on histologic outcome from near-complete forebrain ischemia in the rat. 
  • Sympathetic response to intracranial NGF infusion in the absence of afferent input: axonal sprouting without neurotransmitter production. 
  • Synapse-specific downregulation of NMDA receptors by early experience: a critical period for plasticity of sensory input to olfactory cortex. 
  • Synaptic activation of presynaptic glutamate transporter currents in nerve terminals. 
  • Synaptic clustering of AMPA receptors by the extracellular immediate-early gene product Narp. 
  • Synaptic connections from multiple subfields contribute to granule cell hyperexcitability in hippocampal slice cultures. 
  • Synaptic plasticity in morphologically identified CA1 stratum radiatum interneurons and giant projection cells. 
  • Synaptic removal of diacylglycerol by DGKzeta and PSD-95 regulates dendritic spine maintenance. 
  • Synergistic role of HSP90α and HSP90β to promote myofibroblast persistence in lung fibrosis. 
  • Syntaxin 1A is transiently expressed in fetal lung mesenchymal cells: potential developmental roles. 
  • Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Correlations of Gnidimacrin Derivatives as Potent HIV-1 Inhibitors and HIV Latency Reversing Agents. 
  • Synthesis and biological activity of a novel methylamine-bridged enkephalin analogue (MABE): a new route to cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics. 
  • Synthesis and dopaminergic properties of benzo-fused analogues of quinpirole and quinelorane. 
  • Synthesis and evaluation of compounds that facilitate the gastrointestinal absorption of heparin. 
  • Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a novel series of aminoalkylindoles with potential for imaging the neuronal cannabinoid receptor by positron emission tomography. 
  • Synthetic alpha-synuclein fibrils cause mitochondrial impairment and selective dopamine neurodegeneration in part via iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production. 
  • Synthetic mast-cell granules as adjuvants to promote and polarize immunity in lymph nodes. 
  • Synthetic surfactant scavenges oxidants and protects against hyperoxic lung injury. 
  • Systemic toxicology and laser safety of laser targeted angiography with heat sensitive liposomes. 
  • TAB-1 modulates intracellular localization of p38 MAP kinase and downstream signaling. 
  • TGF-beta regulates expression of tenascin alternative-splicing isoforms in fetal rat lung. 
  • TNF, IFN-gamma, and endotoxin increase expression of DMT1 in bronchial epithelial cells. 
  • TRPC6 expression in neurons is differentially regulated by NR2A- and NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. 
  • TRPV4 mediates pain-related behavior induced by mild hypertonic stimuli in the presence of inflammatory mediator. 
  • Targeted downregulation of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase significantly mitigates chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-mediated inhibition. 
  • Targeted gene deletion of heme oxygenase 2 reveals neural role for carbon monoxide. 
  • Targeting Pim Kinases and DAPK3 to Control Hypertension. 
  • Targeting blood-brain barrier sphingolipid signaling reduces basal P-glycoprotein activity and improves drug delivery to the brain. 
  • Targeting of neurotrophic factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways in the developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates in vivo and in vitro. 
  • Temperature-sensitive mRNA degradation is an early event in hepatocyte de-differentiation. 
  • Tempol therapy attenuates medial smooth muscle cell apoptosis and neointima formation after balloon catheter injury in carotid artery of diabetic rats. 
  • Temporal changes in glutamate, glutamate transporters, basilar arteries wall thickness, and neuronal variability in an experimental rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. 
  • Temporal relationships of statin and terminin expression in ventral lobe of rat prostate following castration. 
  • Temporal specific patterns of semaphorin gene expression in rat brain after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. 
  • Temporally distinct mechanisms of use-dependent depression at inhibitory synapses in the rat hippocampus in vitro. 
  • Tenascin in rat lung development: in situ localization and cellular sources. 
  • Tenascin-C in rat lung: distribution, ontogeny and role in branching morphogenesis. 
  • Terbutaline impairs the development of peripheral noradrenergic projections: potential implications for autism spectrum disorders and pharmacotherapy of preterm labor. 
  • Terbutaline is a developmental neurotoxicant: effects on neuroproteins and morphology in cerebellum, hippocampus, and somatosensory cortex. 
  • Terminal differentiation-dependent alteration in the expression of translation elongation factor-1 alpha and its sister gene, S1, in neurons. 
  • Testicular germ-cell apoptosis in stressed rats following combined exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET), and permethrin. 
  • The 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein (Hsc73) gene is enhanced by ovarian hormones in the ventromedial hypothalamus. 
  • The Developmental Neurotoxicity of Tobacco Smoke Can Be Mimicked by a Combination of Nicotine and Benzo[a]Pyrene: Effects on Cholinergic and Serotonergic Systems. 
  • The G2019S mutation in LRRK2 imparts resiliency to kinase inhibition. 
  • The GABAB receptor antagonist, CGP-35348, inhibits paired-pulse disinhibition in the rat dentate gyrus in vivo. 
  • The N-terminal Set-β Protein Isoform Induces Neuronal Death. 
  • The NLRP3 Inflammasome Mediates Inflammation Produced by Bladder Outlet Obstruction. 
  • The WRP component of the WAVE-1 complex attenuates Rac-mediated signalling. 
  • The acquisition of an appetite. 
  • The administration of renoprotective agents extends warm ischemia in a rat model. 
  • The alterations in CNS serotonergic mechanisms caused by neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure are permanent. 
  • The anti-migraine component of butterbur extracts, isopetasin, desensitizes peptidergic nociceptors by acting on TRPA1 cation channel. 
  • The antioxidant, MnTE-2-PyP, prevents side-effects incurred by prostate cancer irradiation. 
  • The c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) in spinal astrocytes is required for the maintenance of bilateral mechanical allodynia under a persistent inflammatory pain condition. 
  • The calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin 1 acts as a heat sensor in nociceptive neurons. 
  • The combination of theophylline and endothelin receptor antagonism improves exercise performance of rats under simulated high altitude. 
  • The cortical evoked potential corresponds with deep brain stimulation efficacy in rats. 
  • The development and stability of estrogen-modulated spatial navigation strategies in female rats. 
  • The developmental switch in ventricular myosin expression in vivo is not triggered by an increase in cyclic AMP. 
  • The effect of angiostatic steroids and beta-cyclodextrin tetradecasulfate on corneal neovascularization in the rat. 
  • The effect of blood pressure on cerebral outcome in a rat model of cerebral air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass. 
  • The effect of endothelin-1 on muscle microcirculation and its attenuation by verapamil. 
  • The effect of exposure time on microsurgical anastomoses of experimentally crushed arteries. 
  • The effect of halothane on cultured fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells. 
  • The effect of heparin after microsurgical repair in traumatically damaged arteries. 
  • The effect of intrathecal administration of glial activation inhibitors on dorsal horn BDNF overexpression and hind paw mechanical allodynia in spinal nerve ligated rats. 
  • The effect of intrathecal neuropeptide Y on the flexor reflex in rats after carrageenan-induced inflammation. 
  • The effect of octreotide on hepatic regeneration in rats. 
  • The effect of prostaglandin E2 on corneal inflammation in the rat. 
  • The effects of N(omega)-propyl-L-arginine on reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle. 
  • The effects of aging, antiinflammatory drugs, and ultrasound on the in vitro response of tendon tissue. 
  • The effects of anesthetics on stress responses to forebrain ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. 
  • The effects of aprotinin on outcome from cerebral ischemia in the rat. 
  • The effects of bilateral bipolar sacral neurostimulation on urinary bladder activity during filling before and after irritation in a rat model. 
  • The effects of exogenous nitric oxide donor on motor functional recovery of reperfused peripheral nerve. 
  • The effects of high-dose toluene on embryonic development in the rat. 
  • The effects of periurethral muscle-derived stem cell injection on leak point pressure in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence. 
  • The efficacy of the appetite suppressant, diethylpropion, is dependent on both when it is given (day vs. night) and under conditions of high fat dietary restriction. 
  • The functional anatomy of limbic status epilepticus in the rat. I. Patterns of 14C-2-deoxyglucose uptake and Fos immunocytochemistry. 
  • The functional anatomy of limbic status epilepticus in the rat. II. The effects of focal deactivation. 
  • The glutamate transport inhibitor L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate indirectly evokes NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity in rat cortical cultures. 
  • The hedgehog pathway regulates remodelling responses to biliary obstruction in rats. 
  • The herbal medicine, Dai-Kenchu-to, accelerates delayed gastrointestinal transit after the operation in rats. 
  • The histological effect of barrier vein wrapping of peripheral nerves. 
  • The impact of chronic blood-brain barrier breach on intracortical electrode function. 
  • The impact of modulating the blood-brain barrier on the electrophysiological and histological outcomes of intracortical electrodes. 
  • The influence of magnitude and duration of crush load on functional recovery of the peripheral nerve. 
  • The influence of removing extracellular Ca2+ in the desensitization responses to capsaicin, zingerone and olvanil in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 
  • The influence of xenon, nitrous oxide and nitrogen on gas bubble expansion during cardiopulmonary bypass. 
  • The intestinal lymph fistula model--a novel approach to study ghrelin secretion. 
  • The low molecular weight GTPase Rho regulates myofibril formation and organization in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Involvement of Rho kinase. 
  • The microtubule interacting drug candidate NAP protects against kainic acid toxicity in a rat model of epilepsy. 
  • The mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate carrier is part of a metabolic pathway that mediates glucose- and glutamine-stimulated insulin secretion. 
  • The neuroprotective agent riluzole inhibits release of glutamate and aspartate from slices of hippocampal area CA1. 
  • The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine preferentially inhibits cocaine vs. food self-administration in rats. 
  • The novel apolipoprotein E-based peptide COG1410 improves sensorimotor performance and reduces injury magnitude following cortical contusion injury. 
  • The novel micro-opioid receptor antagonist, [N-allyl-Dmt(1)]endomorphin-2, attenuates the enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission by ethanol. 
  • The nuclear receptor RORα protects against angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. 
  • The ontogeny of mu opiate tolerance and dependence in the rat: antinociceptive and biochemical studies. 
  • The pattern of expression of the voltage-gated sodium channels Na(v)1.8 and Na(v)1.9 does not change in uninjured primary sensory neurons in experimental neuropathic pain models. 
  • The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is a phosphoprotein: regulation by insulin. 
  • The potential repertoire of the innate immune system in the bladder: expression of pattern recognition receptors in the rat bladder and a rat urothelial cell line (MYP3 cells). 
  • The prolactin receptor in the fetal rat: cellular localization of messenger ribonucleic acid, immunoreactive protein, and ligand-binding activity and induction of expression in late gestation. 
  • The protective profile of argon, helium, and xenon in a model of neonatal asphyxia in rats. 
  • The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, decreases excitability of nociceptive neurons. 
  • The regulation of the lymphatic secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by intestinal absorption of fat and carbohydrate. 
  • The responses of rat trigeminal ganglion neurons to capsaicin and two nonpungent vanilloid receptor agonists, olvanil and glyceryl nonamide. 
  • The rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain of obscurin activates rhoA signaling in skeletal muscle. 
  • The role of NMDA receptors in in vitro epileptogenesis. 
  • The role of WNT10B in normal prostate gland development and prostate cancer. 
  • The role of angiotensin II in stress urinary incontinence: A rat model. 
  • The role of bladder afferent pathways in bladder hyperactivity induced by the intravesical administration of nerve growth factor. 
  • The role of differential activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase in preconditioned ventricular myocytes. 
  • The role of extracellular matrix composition in structure and function of bioengineered skeletal muscle. 
  • The role of protein synthesis in striatal long-term depression. 
  • The selective estrogen receptor modulator arzoxifene and the rexinoid LG100268 cooperate to promote transforming growth factor beta-dependent apoptosis in breast cancer. 
  • The selective mu opioid receptor antagonist, alvimopan, improves delayed GI transit of postoperative ileus in rats. 
  • The spontaneously hypertensive rat: an experimental model of sulfur dioxide-induced airways disease. 
  • The stimulation of cellular phospholipid uptake by surfactant apoproteins. 
  • The synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55212-2 differentially modulates thigmotaxis but not spatial learning in adolescent and adult animals. 
  • The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 mediates liver damage during ischemia-reperfusion injury. 
  • The unanticipated loss of SO2 from sulfonamides in collision-induced dissociation. 
  • The upregulation of specific interleukin (IL) receptor antagonists and paradoxical enhancement of neuronal apoptosis due to electrode induced strain and brain micromotion. 
  • The α₂-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan counteracts prepulse inhibition deficits caused by amphetamine or dizocilpine in rats. 
  • Therapeutic Effect of Targeting Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolic Flux in Pressure-Overload Induced Heart Failure. 
  • Thiopyrano[2,3,4-cd]indoles as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors: synthesis, biological profile, and resolution of 2-[2-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-methyl-6-[(5-phenylpyridin-2-yl)methoxy]-4,5 -dihydro-1H-thiopyrano[2,3,4-cd]indol-2-yl]ethoxy]butanoic acid. 
  • Three dimensional magnetic resonance microangiography of rat neurovasculature. 
  • Three-dimensional reconstruction of blood vessels from in vivo color Doppler optical coherence tomography images. 
  • Threshold of adulthood for the onset of nicotine self-administration in male and female rats. 
  • Thrombosis and thrombolysis in crushed arteries with or without anastomosis: a new microvascular thrombosis model. 
  • Thrombospondin-4 contributes to spinal sensitization and neuropathic pain states. 
  • Thyroid toxicity due to subchronic exposure to a complex mixture of 16 organochlorines, lead, and cadmium. 
  • Time sequence and types of memory deficits after experimental status epilepticus. 
  • Time-course imaging of rat embryos in utero with magnetic resonance microscopy. 
  • Time-dependent effects of nicotine on reversal of dizocilpine-induced attentional impairment in female rats. 
  • Timing of sacral neurostimulation is important for increasing bladder capacity in the anesthetized rat. 
  • Tissue ablation by a free-electron laser tuned to the amide II band. 
  • Tissue distribution studies of [18F]haloperidol, [18F]-beta-(4-fluorobenzoyl)propionic acid, and [82Br]bromperidol by external scintigraphy. 
  • Tissue engineering of functional cardiac muscle: molecular, structural, and electrophysiological studies. 
  • Tissue-Engineered Human Myobundle System as a Platform for Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Injury Biomarkers. 
  • Toluene abuse embryopathy: longitudinal neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal exposure to toluene in rats. 
  • Total-body creatine pool size and skeletal muscle mass determination by creatine-(methyl-D3) dilution in rats. 
  • Trafficking of apical proteins into clathrin-coated vesicles isolated from rat renal cortex. 
  • Trans-arachidonic acids generated during nitrative stress induce a thrombospondin-1-dependent microvascular degeneration. 
  • Transcellular and paracellular pathways in lingual epithelia and their influence in taste transduction. 
  • Transcriptional biomarkers distinguish between vulnerable periods for developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: Implications for toxicogenomics. 
  • Transforming growth factor-beta 1 and mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor expression during intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia and biliary fibrosis in the rat. 
  • Transient neuronal inhibition reveals opposing roles of indirect and direct pathways in sensitization. 
  • Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 mediates protease activated receptor 2-induced sensitization of colonic afferent nerves and visceral hyperalgesia. 
  • Transiently overexpressed alpha2-adrenoceptors and their control of DNA synthesis in the developing brain. 
  • Transitions between sleep and feeding states in rat ventral striatum neurons. 
  • Transport of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides in kidney: implications for molecular therapy. 
  • Transverse shape characteristics of cardiac myocytes from rats and humans. 
  • Treatment of established left ventricular hypertrophy with fibroblast growth factor receptor blockade in an animal model of CKD. 
  • Treatment of neuroinflammation by soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor Type II fused to a thermally responsive carrier. 
  • Treatment with growth hormone and IGF-I in growing rats increases bone mineral content but not bone mineral density. 
  • Treatment with rapamycin and mycophenolic acid reduces arterial intimal thickening produced by mechanical injury and allows endothelial replacement. 
  • Trefoil factor 3 stimulates human and rodent pancreatic islet beta-cell replication with retention of function. 
  • Triphenyl phosphite-induced impairment of spatial alternation learning. 
  • Tumor necrosis factor promotes motor functional recovery in crushed peripheral nerve. 
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces c-jun during the regenerative response to liver injury. 
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulates CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins-DNA binding activities and promotes hepatocyte-specific gene expression during liver regeneration. 
  • Tumor prevention by 9-cis-retinoic acid in the N-nitroso-N-methylurea model of mammary carcinogenesis is potentiated by the pineal hormone melatonin. 
  • Two Golgi integral membrane proteins (GIMPS) exhibit region- and cell type-specific distribution in the epididymis of the adult rat. 
  • Two different mechanisms underlie reversible, intrinsic optical signals in rat hippocampal slices. 
  • Two kinetically-distinct components of UDP-glucuronic acid transport in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum. 
  • Tyloxapol confers durable protection against hyperoxic lung injury in the rat. 
  • Tyloxapol inhibits NF-kappa B and cytokine release, scavenges HOCI, and reduces viscosity of cystic fibrosis sputum. 
  • UDP acts as a growth factor for vascular smooth muscle cells by activation of P2Y(6) receptors. 
  • UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and glutamine: fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase activities in insulin-sensitive tissues. 
  • Ultrastructural features and synaptic connections of hilar ectopic granule cells in the rat dentate gyrus are different from those of granule cells in the granule cell layer. 
  • Uncompetitive antagonist binding: a biochemical index of activation of the NMDA receptor-coupled ion channel. 
  • Untargeted metabolomics analysis of ischemia-reperfusion-injured hearts ex vivo from sedentary and exercise-trained rats. 
  • Upregulation of spinal cannabinoid-1-receptors following nerve injury enhances the effects of Win 55,212-2 on neuropathic pain behaviors in rats. 
  • Upregulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel beta2 subunit in neuropathic pain models: characterization of expression in injured and non-injured primary sensory neurons. 
  • Uptake and retention kinetics of para-fluorine-18-fluorobenzylguanidine in isolated rat heart. 
  • Uptake mechanisms of meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine in isolated rat heart. 
  • Uranyl acetate-induced sensorimotor deficit and increased nitric oxide generation in the central nervous system in rats. 
  • Urethral afferent nerve activity affects the micturition reflex; implication for the relationship between stress incontinence and detrusor instability. 
  • Urethral dysfunction in diabetic rats. 
  • Urinary bladder organ hypertrophy is partially regulated by Akt1-mediated protein synthesis pathway. 
  • Urodynamic and immunohistochemical evaluation of intravesical capsaicin delivery using thermosensitive hydrogel and liposomes. 
  • Use of the light/dark test for anxiety in adult and adolescent male rats. 
  • Using the lymph fistula rat model to study the potentiation of GIP secretion by the ingestion of fat and glucose. 
  • Vagal nerve stimulation modifies neuronal activity and the proteome of excitatory synapses of amygdala/piriform cortex. 
  • Vagal nerve stimulation modulates gut injury and lung permeability in trauma-hemorrhagic shock. 
  • Vaginal lavage attenuates cocaine-stimulated activity and establishes place preference in rats. 
  • Vagus nerve stimulation elevates seizure threshold in the kindling model. 
  • Vanilloid receptor-1 containing primary sensory neurones mediate dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis in rats. 
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor and dexamethasone release from nonfouling sensor coatings affect the foreign body response. 
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling is necessary for expansion of medullary microvessels during postnatal kidney development. 
  • Vasopressin-stimulated increase in phosphorylation at Ser269 potentiates plasma membrane retention of aquaporin-2. 
  • Ventilatory and metabolic effects of hypercapnia in conscious rats: AVP V1 receptor block. 
  • Ventilatory effects of angiotensin and vasopressin in conscious rats. 
  • Ventral hippocampal NMDA blockade and nicotinic effects on memory function. 
  • Ventral hippocampal alpha 7 nicotinic receptor blockade and chronic nicotine effects on memory performance in the radial-arm maze. 
  • Ventral hippocampal alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors and chronic nicotine effects on memory. 
  • Ventral hippocampal alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor blockade and clozapine effects on memory in female rats. 
  • Ventral hippocampal dopamine D1 and D2 systems and spatial working memory in rats. 
  • Ventral hippocampal ibotenic acid lesions block chronic nicotine-induced spatial working memory improvement in rats. 
  • Ventromedial hypothalamic glucokinase is an important mediator of the counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. 
  • Vesicle-associated membrane protein and synaptophysin are associated on the synaptic vesicle. 
  • Vibrating Frequency Thresholds in Mice and Rats: Implications for the Effects of Vibrations on Animal Health. 
  • Visualization of subsurface blood vessels by color Doppler optical coherence tomography in rats: before and after hemostatic therapy. 
  • Voltage-dependent effects of opioid peptides on hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in vitro. 
  • Voltage-dependent potassium currents of urethral afferent neurons in diabetes mellitus. 
  • Voltage-gated ion channels in nociceptors: modulation by cGMP. 
  • Voluntary wheel running initially increases adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotrophic hormone, which is attenuated with long-term training. 
  • Water maze experience and prenatal choline supplementation differentially promote long-term hippocampal recovery from seizures in adulthood. 
  • Water movement during apoptosis: a role for aquaporins in the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). 
  • Water permeability of an ovarian antral follicle is predominantly transcellular and mediated by aquaporins. 
  • Waxholm Space atlas of the Sprague Dawley rat brain. 
  • What's your diagnosis? Lethargy and hind limb paralysis in a day-23 timed pregnant rat. 
  • Working memory performance and cholinergic effects in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. 
  • Xenon and sevoflurane provide analgesia during labor and fetal brain protection in a perinatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. 
  • Xenon and the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass in the rat. 
  • Xenon attenuates cardiopulmonary bypass-induced neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunction in the rat. 
  • YC-1-mediated vascular protection through inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and platelet function. 
  • Zonisamide prevents olanzapine-associated hyperphagia, weight gain, and elevated blood glucose in rats. 
  • Zwitterionic amino acid-based Poly(ester urea)s suppress adhesion formation in a rat intra-abdominal cecal abrasion model. 
  • [Analgesic effect of intrathecal injection of Herpes simplex virus type I amplicon vector-mediated human preproenkephalin gene on chronic neuropathic pain: experiment with rats]. 
  • [Association between HSV-2 infection and serum anti-rat brain antibodies in patients with autism]. 
  • [Effect of intrathecal katemine on the expression of nNOS in spinal dorsal horn in rats with formalin pain]. 
  • [Effect of intrathecal pumping morphine on immunological function in rats with formalin pain]. 
  • [Effect of intrathecal pumping tramadol on the immune function in rats with formalin pain]. 
  • [Intrathecal administration of HSV-I amplicon vector-mediated HPPE gene therapy of nocicepion in rats with formalin pain]. 
  • [Novel central dopaminergic agents derived from atypical di-substituted 2-aminoindane-4, 7. Synthesis and central pharmacological profile]. 
  • [Oxidative and anti-oxidative effects of ambroxol on acute hydrochloric acid-induced lung injury in rats]. 
  • [Prophylactic effect of ambroxol on acute hydrochloric acid aspiration - induced lung injury]. 
  • aFGF, bFGF and NGF differentially regulate neuropeptide expression in dorsal root ganglia after axotomy and induce autotomy. 
  • alpha 1-Microglobulin destroys the proteinase inhibitory activity of alpha 1-inhibitor-3 by complex formation. 
  • alpha7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and temporal memory: synergistic effects of combining prenatal choline and nicotine on reinforcement-induced resetting of an interval clock. 
  • beta Adrenergic control of c-fos protooncogene expression in developing rat brain regions. 
  • beta-Adrenergic modulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptor expression and function in developing heart. 
  • c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation mediates downregulation of connexin43 in cardiomyocytes. 
  • cAMP-response element modulator tau is a positive regulator of testis angiotensin converting enzyme transcription. 
  • gamma-Aminobutyrate, alpha-carboxy-2-nitrobenzyl ester selectively blocks inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat dentate gyrus. 
  • mGluR modulation of post-traumatic neuronal death: role of NMDA receptors. 
  • mu-Opioid agonists stimulate growth hormone secretion in immature rats. 
  • p38 MAP kinase mediates inflammatory cytokine induction in cardiomyocytes and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart. 
  • p38 MAPK activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons after inflammation increases TRPV1 levels and maintains heat hyperalgesia. 
  • p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates a negative inotropic effect in cardiac myocytes. 
  • p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is activated after a spinal nerve ligation in spinal cord microglia and dorsal root ganglion neurons and contributes to the generation of neuropathic pain. 
  • p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates growth factor-induced mitogenesis of rat pulmonary myofibroblasts. 
  • {beta}-Arrestin-2 Mediates Anti-apoptotic Signaling through Regulation of BAD Phosphorylation. 
  • α-Synuclein fibril-induced inclusion spread in rats and mice correlates with dopaminergic Neurodegeneration. 
  • α-Synuclein fibrils recruit peripheral immune cells in the rat brain prior to neurodegeneration. 
  • α1-Syntrophin Variant Identified in Drug-Induced Long QT Syndrome Increases Late Sodium Current. 
  • α4β2 Nicotinic receptor desensitizing compounds can decrease self-administration of cocaine and methamphetamine in rats. 
  • α7-cholinergic receptor mediates vagal induction of splenic norepinephrine. 
  • β-Arrestin-2 desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel. 
  • β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors drive COMT-dependent pain by increasing production of nitric oxide and cytokines. 
  • β2-Adrenoreceptors of regulatory lymphocytes are essential for vagal neuromodulation of the innate immune system. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Badea, Cristian Tudorel, Professor in Radiology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Bennett, Vann, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Berchuck, Andrew, James M. Ingram Distinguished Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology
  • Bradford, Daniel William, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry, Child & Family Mental Health & Community Psychiatry
  • Carbrey, Jennifer Mehlman, Assistant Research Professor of Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • Choi, Steven Sok, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Cell Biology
  • Johnson, G. Allan, Charles E. Putman University Distinguished Professor of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering
  • McDonnell, Donald Patrick, Glaxo-Wellcome Distinguished Professor of Molecular Cancer Biology, in the School of Medicine, Cell Biology
  • McLendon, Roger Edwin, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Nicolelis, Miguel Angelo L., Duke School of Medicine Distinguished Professor in Neuroscience, Neurobiology
  • Palmer, Gregory M., Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology
  • Pitt, Geoffrey Stuart, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology
  • Soderling, Scott Haydn, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology
  • Turner, Dennis Alan, Professor of Neurosurgery, Biomedical Engineering