HIV Protease Inhibitors

• 

  Subject Areas on Research

  • A clinical study of the combination of 100 mg ritonavir plus 800 mg indinavir as salvage therapy: influence of increased plasma drug levels in the rate of response. 
  • A phase I/II study of the protease inhibitor indinavir in children with HIV infection. 
  • A phase I/II study of the protease inhibitor ritonavir in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 
  • Abacavir-lamivudine-zidovudine vs indinavir-lamivudine-zidovudine in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults: A randomized equivalence trial. 
  • Addition of cyclophosphamide to antiretroviral therapy does not diminish the cellular reservoir in HIV-infected persons. 
  • An updated systematic overview of triple combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected adults. 
  • Anti-AIDS agents 69. Moronic acid and other triterpene derivatives as novel potent anti-HIV agents. 
  • C2-symmetrical tetrahydroxyazepanes as inhibitors of glycosidases and HIV/FIV proteases. 
  • Can the thymus win the battle against drug-resistant HIV? 
  • Chronic Kidney Disease and Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Individuals: Recent Developments. 
  • Clinical implications of discordant viral and immune outcomes following protease inhibitor containing antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children. 
  • Combination antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Concentrations of protease inhibitors in cord blood after in utero exposure. 
  • Cord blood lipids in infants born to HIV-1-infected women treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Cost-effectiveness of tipranavir in treatment-experienced HIV patients in the United States. 
  • Darunavir: an overview of an HIV protease inhibitor developed to overcome drug resistance. 
  • Dendritic cells/natural killer cross-talk: a novel target for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease inhibitors. 
  • Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in combination with a twice-daily lopinavir-ritonavir-based regimen in HIV-infected women showed effective contraception and a lack of clinically significant interactions, with good safety and tolerability: results of the ACTG 5283 study. 
  • Design, synthesis and evaluation of a potent substrate analog inhibitor identified by scanning Ala/Phe mutagenesis, mimicking substrate co-evolution, against multidrug-resistant HIV-1 protease. 
  • Development of a novel screen for protease inhibitors. 
  • Developmental regulation of P-glycoprotein activity within thymocytes results in increased anti-HIV protease inhibitor activity. 
  • Differences in durability of treatment with initial PI-based regimens. 
  • Drug resistance in patients experiencing early virological failure under a triple combination including indinavir. 
  • Drug-associated changes in amino acid residues in Gag p2, p7(NC), and p6(Gag)/p6(Pol) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) display a dominant effect on replicative fitness and drug response. 
  • Dual pressure from antiretroviral therapy and cell-mediated immune response on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease gene. 
  • Dual treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir plus lamivudine versus triple treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir plus lamivudine or emtricitabine and a second nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor for maintenance of HIV-1 viral suppression (OLE): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. 
  • Durability of response to treatment among antiretroviral-experienced subjects: 48-week results from AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 359. 
  • Durable efficacy of tipranavir-ritonavir in combination with an optimised background regimen of antiretroviral drugs for treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients at 48 weeks in the Randomized Evaluation of Strategic Intervention in multi-drug reSistant patients with Tipranavir (RESIST) studies: an analysis of combined data from two randomised open-label trials. 
  • Effect of a human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor on human monocyte function. 
  • Effect of ritonavir-induced cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition on plasma fentanyl concentrations during patient-controlled epidural labor analgesia: a pharmacokinetic simulation. 
  • Fasting hyperinsulinemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: relationship to body composition, gonadal function, and protease inhibitor use. 
  • Frequency of atazanavir-associated leukocyturia development and renal function decline. 
  • Genetic determinants in HIV-1 Gag and Env V3 are related to viral response to combination antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor. 
  • HIV protease inhibitors: effects on viral maturation and physiologic function in macrophages. 
  • HIV, metabolic syndrome X, inflammation, oxidative stress, and coronary heart disease risk : role of protease inhibitor exposure. 
  • High prevalence of PI resistance in patients failing second-line ART in Vietnam. 
  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitors irreversibly block infectivity of purified virions from chronically infected cells. 
  • Hyperlipidaemia in HIV-infected patients on lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in resource-limited settings. 
  • Hypertension Among HIV-infected Patients in Clinical Care, 1996-2013. 
  • Immunoreconstitution after ritonavir therapy in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection involves multiple lymphocyte lineages. 
  • Impact of coinfection with HIV-1 and GB virus C in patients receiving a ritonavir-boosted HAART regimen: a substudy to the MaxCmin1 trial. 
  • Implications of HIV treatment advances for behavioral research on AIDS: protease inhibitors and new challenges in HIV secondary prevention. 
  • In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir. 
  • Individualizing salvage regimens: the inhibitory quotient (Ctrough/IC50) as predictor of virological response. 
  • Influence of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCG2 haplotypes on the cellular exposure of nelfinavir in vivo. 
  • Initiation of antiretroviral therapy during primary HIV-1 infection induces rapid stabilization of the T-cell receptor beta chain repertoire and reduces the level of T-cell oligoclonality. 
  • Integrase inhibitors in late pregnancy and rapid HIV viral load reduction. 
  • Intrinsic activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease heterologous fusion proteins in mammalian cells. 
  • Kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-infected homosexuals more often than in heterosexuals. 
  • Lack of protease inhibitor resistance following treatment failure--too good to be true? 
  • Limitations of a simplification antiretroviral strategy for HIV-infected patients with decreasing adherence to a protease inhibitor regimen. 
  • Long-term outcomes of protease inhibitor-based therapy in antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-infected injection drug users on methadone maintenance programmes. 
  • Long-term results of initial therapy with abacavir and Lamivudine combined with Efavirenz, Amprenavir/Ritonavir, or Stavudine. 
  • Long-term virologic and immunologic responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children treated with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine. 
  • Lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 
  • Maternal toxicity and pregnancy complications in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy: PACTG 316. 
  • Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy. 
  • Minimizing resistance consequences after virologic failure on initial combination therapy: a systematic overview. 
  • Molecular targets of anti-HIV-1 triterpenes. 
  • Natural variation in HIV-1 protease, Gag p7 and p6, and protease cleavage sites within gag/pol polyproteins: amino acid substitutions in the absence of protease inhibitors in mothers and children infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 
  • Nonnucleoside Reverse-transcriptase Inhibitor- vs Ritonavir-boosted Protease Inhibitor-based Regimens for Initial Treatment of HIV Infection: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Randomized Trials. 
  • Overcoming resistance: virologic response to a salvage regimen with the combination of ritonavir plus indinavir. 
  • Overview of the effectiveness of triple combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected adults. 
  • Paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in children. 
  • Patient characteristics and costs associated with dyslipidaemia and related conditions in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective cohort study. 
  • Phenotypic testing predicts virological response in successive protease inhibitor-based regimens. 
  • Potent inhibition of HIV type 1 infection of mononuclear phagocytes by synthetic peptide analogs of HIV type 1 protease substrates. 
  • Prenatal protease inhibitor use and risk of preterm birth among HIV-infected women initiating antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy. 
  • Prolonged CD4+ cell/virus load discordance during treatment with protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy: immune response and viral control. 
  • Promoter polymorphisms and allelic imbalance in ABCB1 expression. 
  • Protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy and glucose tolerance in pregnancy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5084. 
  • Protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients: the evidence behind the options. 
  • Protease inhibitors and avascular necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • Safety and pharmacokinetics of lopinavir in HIV/HCV coinfected patients with advanced liver disease. 
  • Short communication: lamivudine plus a boosted-protease inhibitor as simplification strategy in HIV-infected patients: proof of concept. 
  • Short-term effect of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir in hepatitis B and/or C co-infected, treatment-experienced HIV patients. 
  • Structured antiretroviral treatment interruptions in chronically HIV-1-infected subjects. 
  • Taking HAART in HIVAN: will protease inhibitor sparing regimens alter renal outcome? 
  • The HIV-1 protease inhibitor nelfinavir activates PP2 and inhibits MAPK signaling in macrophages: a pathway to reduce inflammation. 
  • The impact of hepatitis C virus coinfection on HIV-related kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 
  • Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among acute and recent HIV infections in North Carolina from 1998 to 2007. 
  • Transplantation in the HIV+ patient. 
  • Treatment response to ritonavir-boosted tipranavir versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir in HIV-1 patients with higher lopinavir mutation scores. 
  • Two-year clinical and immune outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children who reconstitute CD4 T cells without control of viral replication after combination antiretroviral therapy. 
  • Virologic failure in therapy-naive subjects on aplaviroc plus lopinavir-ritonavir: detection of aplaviroc resistance requires clonal analysis of envelope. 
  • Virologic response of nine therapy-experienced children receiving 64 weeks of nelfinavir salvage therapy. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Ferrari, Guido, Associate Professor of Surgery, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology