Prefrontal Cortex

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Willed action": a functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor task. 
  • A distinct role of the temporal-parietal junction in predicting socially guided decisions. 
  • A neuroscience perspective on sexual risk behavior in adolescence and emerging adulthood. 
  • A parallel functional topography between medial and lateral prefrontal cortex: evidence and implications for cognitive control. 
  • A pen-and-paper human analogue of a monkey prefrontal cortex activation task: spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia. 
  • A translational bridge between mouse and human models of learned safety. 
  • Abnormal fronto-limbic engagement in incarcerated stimulant users during moral processing. 
  • Abnormalities in neural processing of emotional stimuli in Williams syndrome vary according to social vs. non-social content. 
  • Acquisition of response thresholds for timed performance is regulated by a calcium-responsive transcription factor, CaRF. 
  • Activation of Glutamatergic Fibers in the Anterior NAc Shell Modulates Reward Activity in the aNAcSh, the Lateral Hypothalamus, and Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Transiently Stops Feeding. 
  • Activity in medial prefrontal cortex during cognitive evaluation of threatening stimuli as a function of personality style. 
  • Activity patterns in mesolimbic regions in rats during operant tasks for reward. 
  • Affective context interferes with cognitive control in unipolar depression: an fMRI investigation. 
  • Affective modulation of cognitive control is determined by performance-contingency and mediated by ventromedial prefrontal and cingulate cortex. 
  • Age-related changes in neural activity during visual target detection measured by fMRI. 
  • Age-related differences in effective neural connectivity during encoding and recall. 
  • Age-related differences in neural activity during item and temporal-order memory retrieval: a positron emission tomography study. 
  • Age-related effects on the neural correlates of autobiographical memory retrieval. 
  • Aging and recognition memory: changes in regional cerebral blood flow associated with components of reaction time distributions. 
  • Aging gracefully: compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults. 
  • Altered development of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: an in vivo proton spectroscopy study. 
  • Altered prefrontal correlates of monetary anticipation and outcome in chronic pain. 
  • Altered prefrontal dopaminergic function in chronic recreational ketamine users. 
  • Altered striatal activation predicting real-world positive affect in adolescent major depressive disorder. 
  • Altered striatal functional connectivity in subjects with an at-risk mental state for psychosis. 
  • Amygdala Reward Reactivity Mediates the Association Between Preschool Stress Response and Depression Severity. 
  • Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex Volumes Differ in Maltreated Youth with and without Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 
  • Amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity during threat-induced anxiety and goal distraction. 
  • Anticipation of monetary gain but not loss in healthy older adults. 
  • Association Between Baseline Corticothalamic-Mediated Inhibitory Control and Smoking Relapse Vulnerability. 
  • Behavioral, but not reward, risk modulates activation of prefrontal, parietal, and insular cortices. 
  • Beliefs, mental health, and evolutionary threat assessment systems in the brain. 
  • Biochemical abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe and medial prefrontal cortex in late-life depression. 
  • Brain imaging correlates. 
  • Brain-wide Electrical Spatiotemporal Dynamics Encode Depression Vulnerability. 
  • Brief report: Recognition memory and stimulus-reward associations: indirect support for the role of ventromedial prefrontal dysfunction in autism. 
  • COMT val108/158 met genotype affects neural but not cognitive processing in healthy individuals. 
  • Candidate neuroanatomic substrates of psychosis in old-aged depression. 
  • Catechol O-methyltransferase val158met genotype and neural mechanisms related to affective arousal and regulation. 
  • Catecholamine release and uptake in the mouse prefrontal cortex. 
  • Cathodal and anodal left prefrontal tDCS and the perception of control over pain. 
  • Causal Evidence for Learning-Dependent Frontal Lobe Contributions to Cognitive Control. 
  • Chronic underactivity of medial frontal cortical beta2-containing nicotinic receptors increases clozapine-induced working memory impairment in female rats. 
  • Cocaine dependence modulates the effect of HIV infection on brain activation during intertemporal decision making. 
  • Cognition in schizophrenia: summary Nice Consultation Meeting 2012. 
  • Cognitive control in social situations: a role for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. 
  • Cognitive control mechanisms resolve conflict through cortical amplification of task-relevant information. 
  • Cognitive enhancing effects of rTMS administered to the prefrontal cortex in patients with depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual task effects. 
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy increases prefrontal cortex gray matter in patients with chronic pain. 
  • Combining 'caged-dopamine' photolysis with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to assess dopamine clearance and release autoinhibition in vitro. 
  • Common and specific brain regions in high- versus low-confidence recognition memory. 
  • Common prefrontal activations during working memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory. 
  • Common sense, insight, and neuropsychological test performance in schizophrenia patients. 
  • Conflict monitoring in the human anterior cingulate cortex during selective attention to global and local object features. 
  • Congruency sequence effects and cognitive control. 
  • Contributions of frontopolar cortex to judgments about self, others and relations. 
  • Cortical and subcortical contributions to context-control learning. 
  • Cortical white matter microstructural abnormalities in bipolar disorder. 
  • Daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: clinical predictors of outcome in a multisite, randomized controlled clinical trial. 
  • Daily left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for major depressive disorder: a sham-controlled randomized trial. 
  • Decision making: the neuroethological turn. 
  • Decisions under uncertainty: probabilistic context influences activation of prefrontal and parietal cortices. 
  • Decreased left amygdala and hippocampal volumes in young offspring at risk for schizophrenia. 
  • Decreasing procedural pain over time of left prefrontal rTMS for depression: initial results from the open-label phase of a multi-site trial (OPT-TMS). 
  • Deliberate seizure induction with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in nonhuman primates. 
  • Development and evaluation of a portable sham transcranial magnetic stimulation system. 
  • Developmental regulation of neural cell adhesion molecule in human prefrontal cortex. 
  • Differential contributions of prefrontal, medial temporal, and sensory-perceptual regions to true and false memory formation. 
  • Differential effects of clozapine and haloperidol on interval timing in the supraseconds range. 
  • Diffusion tensor imaging of adult age differences in cerebral white matter: relation to response time. 
  • Discriminating imagined from perceived information engages brain areas implicated in schizophrenia. 
  • Disrupted Prefrontal Regulation of Striatal Subjective Value Signals in Psychopathy. 
  • Dissociable effects of arousal and valence on prefrontal activity indexing emotional evaluation and subsequent memory: an event-related fMRI study. 
  • Dissociable prefrontal brain systems for attention and emotion. 
  • Dissociated effects of anticipating smoking versus monetary reward in the caudate as a function of smoking abstinence. 
  • Distinct aspects of frontal lobe structure mediate age-related differences in fluid intelligence and multitasking. 
  • Distinct medial temporal networks encode surprise during motivation by reward versus punishment. 
  • Distinct value signals in anterior and posterior ventromedial prefrontal cortex. 
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex white matter alterations in late-life depression. 
  • Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex drives mesolimbic dopaminergic regions to initiate motivated behavior. 
  • Dynamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Major Depression. 
  • Dynamic changes in single unit activity and γ oscillations in a thalamocortical circuit during rapid instrumental learning. 
  • Dynamic neural networks supporting memory retrieval. 
  • Dynamics of visual receptive fields in the macaque frontal eye field. 
  • Dysregulation of Prefrontal Cortex-Mediated Slow-Evolving Limbic Dynamics Drives Stress-Induced Emotional Pathology. 
  • EEG correlates of the response to ECT: a possible antidepressant role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. 
  • Effect of APOE genotype on microvascular basement membrane in Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Effects of Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Scores on Brain Activity and Performance During Working Memory Subprocesses in Healthy Young Adults. 
  • Effects of aging on functional connectivity of the amygdala for subsequent memory of negative pictures: a network analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. 
  • Effects of aging on the neural correlates of successful item and source memory encoding. 
  • Effects of davunetide on N-acetylaspartate and choline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia. 
  • Elevated prefrontal cortex γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in schizophrenia measured in vivo with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 
  • Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. 
  • Emotional task management: neural correlates of switching between affective and non-affective task-sets. 
  • Enduring effects of adolescent drug exposure. 
  • Establishing the neurobiologic basis of treatment in children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. 
  • Evaluation of chromatin accessibility in prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. 
  • Excitatory TMS modulates memory representations. 
  • Fast modulation of prefrontal cortex activity by basal forebrain noncholinergic neuronal ensembles. 
  • Focal prefrontal seizures induced by bilateral ECT. 
  • Frontal cortex lesions eliminate the clock speed effect of dopaminergic drugs on interval timing. 
  • Frontal eye field sends delay activity related to movement, memory, and vision to the superior colliculus. 
  • Functional changes in the activity of brain regions underlying emotion processing in the elderly. 
  • Functional compensation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex improves memory-dependent decisions in older adults. 
  • Functional connectivity of frontal cortex in healthy and ADHD children reflected in EEG coherence. 
  • Functional connectivity with ventromedial prefrontal cortex reflects subjective value for social rewards. 
  • Functional interactions between prefrontal and visual association cortex contribute to top-down modulation of visual processing. 
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging guided transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
  • Genetic variation in MAOA modulates ventromedial prefrontal circuitry mediating individual differences in human personality. 
  • Glutamate receptors as targets of protein kinase C in the pathophysiology and treatment of animal models of mania. 
  • Heightened connectivity between the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex as a biomarker for stress-related psychopathology: understanding interactive effects of early and more recent stress. 
  • Hemispheric asymmetry and aging: right hemisphere decline or asymmetry reduction. 
  • Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Predict Distinct Timescales of Activation in the Human Ventral Tegmental Area. 
  • How does deep brain stimulation work? 
  • Hyperdopaminergia and NMDA receptor hypofunction disrupt neural phase signaling. 
  • Identifying serotonergic mechanisms underlying the corticolimbic response to threat in humans. 
  • Imaging genetics: perspectives from studies of genetically driven variation in serotonin function and corticolimbic affective processing. 
  • Improving the antidepressant efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation: maximizing the number of stimulations and treatment location in treatment-resistant depression. 
  • Individual differences in typical reappraisal use predict amygdala and prefrontal responses. 
  • Infrequent, task-irrelevant monetary gains and losses engage dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. 
  • Integrated externally and internally generated task predictions jointly guide cognitive control in prefrontal cortex. 
  • Intentional false responding shares neural substrates with response conflict and cognitive control. 
  • International randomized-controlled trial of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in depression. 
  • Is the idle mind a Devil's workshop? 
  • Is the prefrontal cortex necessary for delay task performance? Evidence from lesion and FMRI data. 
  • Ketamine potentiates oxidative stress and influences behavior and inflammation in response to lipolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in early life. 
  • Language processing in age-related macular degeneration associated with unique functional connectivity signatures in the right hemisphere. 
  • Late-life depression and microstructural abnormalities in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex white matter. 
  • Lateral prefrontal cortex and self-control in intertemporal choice. 
  • Lateralization of prefrontal activity during episodic memory retrieval: evidence for the production-monitoring hypothesis. 
  • Lateralized effects of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on emotional working memory. 
  • Left dorsolateral prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): sleep factor changes during treatment in patients with pharmacoresistant major depressive disorder. 
  • Length of axons expressing the serotonin transporter in orbitofrontal cortex is lower with age in depression. 
  • Less wiring, more firing: low-performing older adults compensate for impaired white matter with greater neural activity. 
  • Localization of age-associated white matter hyperintensities in late-life depression. 
  • Long-term efficacy of repeated daily prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in treatment-resistant depression. 
  • Lower anxiogenic effects of serotonin agonists are associated with lower activation of amygdala and lateral orbital cortex in adolescent male rats. 
  • Lower structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus is associated with a history of child maltreatment and future psychological vulnerability to stress. 
  • Medial orbital frontal lesions in late-onset depression. 
  • Medial prefrontal cortex 5-HT(2A) density is correlated with amygdala reactivity, response habituation, and functional coupling. 
  • Medial prefrontal pathways for the contextual regulation of extinguished fear in humans. 
  • Mesolimbic neuronal activity across behavioral states. 
  • Microstructural integrity of a pathway connecting the prefrontal cortex and amygdala moderates the association between cognitive reappraisal and negative emotions. 
  • Modulation of prefrontal cortex activity by information toward a decision rule. 
  • Morphometric analysis of vascular pathology in the orbitofrontal cortex of older subjects with major depression. 
  • Negative Affectivity, Aging, and Depression: Results From the Neurobiology of Late-Life Depression (NBOLD) Study. 
  • Neocortical modulation of the amygdala response to fearful stimuli. 
  • Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the frontal cortex in rats: persisting effects on locomotor activity, learning and nicotine self-administration. 
  • Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder. 
  • Neural basis of individual differences in impulsivity: contributions of corticolimbic circuits for behavioral arousal and control. 
  • Neural conflict-control mechanisms improve memory for target stimuli. 
  • Neural correlates of cognitive and affective processing in maltreated youth with posttraumatic stress symptoms: does gender matter? 
  • Neural correlates of genetically abnormal social cognition in Williams syndrome. 
  • Neural correlates of healing prayers, depression and traumatic memories: A preliminary study. 
  • Neural correlates of outcome processing post dishonest choice: an fMRI and ERP study. 
  • Neural correlates of promotion and prevention goal activation: an fMRI study using an idiographic approach. 
  • Neural correlates of relational memory: successful encoding and retrieval of semantic and perceptual associations. 
  • Neural correlates of retrieval-based memory enhancement: an fMRI study of the testing effect. 
  • Neural embedding of stress reactivity. 
  • Neural mechanisms underlying subsequent memory for personal beliefs:An fMRI study. 
  • Neural substrates underlying the tendency to accept anger-infused ultimatum offers during dynamic social interactions. 
  • Neural systems for executive and emotional processing are modulated by symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq War veterans. 
  • Neuroactive steroids, mood stabilizers, and neuroplasticity: alterations following lithium and changes in Bcl-2 knockout mice. 
  • Neuroanatomical localization of an internal clock: a functional link between mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, and mesocortical dopaminergic systems. 
  • Neurobiology of social reward valuation in adults with a history of anorexia nervosa. 
  • Neurocognitive function and joint attention ability in young children with autism spectrum disorder versus developmental delay. 
  • Neuronal correlates of visual time perception at brief timescales. 
  • Neurophysiological correlates of age-related changes in working memory capacity. 
  • Neuropsychological correlates of early symptoms of autism. 
  • On the Concurrent Use of Self-System Therapy and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Treatment for Depression. 
  • Ophthalmology issues in schizophrenia. 
  • Opposing influences of emotional and non-emotional distracters upon sustained prefrontal cortex activity during a delayed-response working memory task. 
  • Perceiving patterns in random series: dynamic processing of sequence in prefrontal cortex. 
  • Performance of patients with schizophrenia on a pen and paper visuospatial working memory task with short delay. 
  • Persistent activity and the single-cell frequency-current curve in a cortical network model. 
  • Postnatal TrkB ablation in corticolimbic interneurons induces social dominance in male mice. 
  • Pre-treatment attentional processing speed and antidepressant response to transcranial direct current stimulation: Results from an international randomized controlled trial. 
  • Preferential amygdala reactivity to the negative assessment of neutral faces. 
  • Prefrontal activation patterns in subjects at risk for Alzheimer disease. 
  • Prefrontal contributions to relational encoding in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. 
  • Prefrontal cortex and cognitive control: motivating functional hierarchies. 
  • Prefrontal cortex output circuits guide reward seeking through divergent cue encoding. 
  • Prefrontal cortex reactivity underlies trait vulnerability to chronic social defeat stress. 
  • Prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and cerebellar volumes in adolescents and young adults with adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders and comorbid mental disorders. 
  • Prefrontal cortical mechanisms underlying delayed alternation in mice. 
  • Prefrontal mechanisms for executive control over emotional distraction are altered in major depression. 
  • Prefrontal rTMS for treating depression: location and intensity results from the OPT-TMS multi-site clinical trial. 
  • Prefrontal white matter lesions and prefrontal task impersistence in depressed and nondepressed elders. 
  • Prefrontal-hippocampal coupling during memory processing is modulated by COMT val158met genotype. 
  • Prenatal choline supplementation increases NGF levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of young and adult rats. 
  • Prenatal stress elicits regionally selective changes in basal FGF-2 gene expression in adulthood and alters the adult response to acute or chronic stress. 
  • Preschool anxiety disorders predict different patterns of amygdala-prefrontal connectivity at school-age. 
  • Progranulin haploinsufficiency causes biphasic social dominance abnormalities in the tube test. 
  • Randomized sham controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for the treatment of panic disorder with comorbid major depression. 
  • Reduced amygdala-orbitofrontal connectivity during moral judgments in youths with disruptive behavior disorders and psychopathic traits. 
  • Reduction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex gray matter in late-life depression. 
  • Reduction of orbital frontal cortex volume in geriatric depression. 
  • Reduction of synapsin III in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. 
  • Reductions in neuronal density in elderly depressed are region specific. 
  • Region-Specific Differences in Morphometric Features and Synaptic Colocalization of Astrocytes During Development. 
  • Remitted major depression is characterized by reduced prefrontal cortex reactivity to reward loss. 
  • Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of panic disorder (PD) with comorbid major depression. 
  • Resolving emotional conflict: a role for the rostral anterior cingulate cortex in modulating activity in the amygdala. 
  • Resolving response, decision, and strategic control: evidence for a functional topography in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. 
  • Restoring neuronal progranulin reverses deficits in a mouse model of frontotemporal dementia. 
  • Reversal of cocaine sensitization-induced behavioral sensitization normalizes GAD67 and GABAA receptor alpha2 subunit expression, and PKC zeta activity. 
  • Reversal of cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and associated phosphorylation of the NR2B and GluR1 subunits of the NMDA and AMPA receptors. 
  • Reward circuitry function in autism spectrum disorders. 
  • Right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex mediates individual differences in conflict-driven cognitive control. 
  • Role of prefrontal and anterior cingulate regions in decision-making processes shared by memory and nonmemory tasks. 
  • Rule-dependent prefrontal cortex activity across episodic and perceptual decisions: an fMRI investigation of the criterial classification account. 
  • Selective attention to emotion in the aging brain. 
  • Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and brain function during emotional distraction from cognitive processing in posttraumatic stress disorder. 
  • Sevoflurane Induces Coherent Slow-Delta Oscillations in Rats. 
  • Sham TMS: intracerebral measurement of the induced electrical field and the induction of motor-evoked potentials. 
  • Similarities and differences in the neural correlates of episodic memory retrieval and working memory. 
  • Simultaneous transcranial magnetic stimulation and single-neuron recording in alert non-human primates. 
  • Smaller orbital frontal cortex volumes associated with functional disability in depressed elders. 
  • Spine pruning drives antipsychotic-sensitive locomotion via circuit control of striatal dopamine. 
  • Strategic control in decision-making under uncertainty. 
  • Structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus and resting state functional connectivity of the ventral prefrontal cortex in late life depression. 
  • Sucrose intensity coding and decision-making in rat gustatory cortices. 
  • Superior temporal gyrus volumes in pediatric generalized anxiety disorder. 
  • Surprise! A unifying model of dorsal anterior cingulate function? 
  • Sustained and transient neural modulations in prefrontal cortex related to declarative long-term memory, working memory, and attention. 
  • Synaptic mechanisms and network dynamics underlying spatial working memory in a cortical network model. 
  • Task-independent and task-specific age effects on brain activity during working memory, visual attention and episodic retrieval. 
  • Task-related and item-related brain processes of memory retrieval. 
  • Test-retest assessment of cortical activation induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with brain atlas-guided optical topography. 
  • The functional neuroanatomy of decision making: prefrontal control of thought and action. 
  • The impact of anxiety-inducing distraction on cognitive performance: a combined brain imaging and personality investigation. 
  • The neural mechanisms for minimizing cross-modal distraction. 
  • The neurosteroid allopregnanolone is reduced in prefrontal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. 
  • The painfulness of active, but not sham, transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases rapidly over time: results from the double-blind phase of the OPT-TMS Trial. 
  • The role of trauma-related distractors on neural systems for working memory and emotion processing in posttraumatic stress disorder. 
  • Therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a review. 
  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of frontal cortex decreases performance on the WAIS-IV intelligence test. 
  • Transcriptome analysis of cortical tissue reveals shared sets of downregulated genes in autism and schizophrenia. 
  • Triple dissociation in the medial temporal lobes: recollection, familiarity, and novelty. 
  • Unexpected role of interferon-γ in regulating neuronal connectivity and social behaviour. 
  • Unity and diversity of tonic and phasic executive control components in episodic and working memory. 
  • Variability in nucleus accumbens activity mediates age-related suboptimal financial risk taking. 
  • Variation in GRM3 affects cognition, prefrontal glutamate, and risk for schizophrenia. 
  • Ventromedial prefrontal cortex encodes emotional value. 
  • Viewpoints: Dialogues on the functional role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. 
  • Visual hallucinations are associated with hyperconnectivity between the amygdala and visual cortex in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. 
  • Voxel-based morphometric multisite collaborative study on schizophrenia. 
  • Watching my mind unfold versus yours: an fMRI study using a novel camera technology to examine neural differences in self-projection of self versus other perspectives. 
  • What is odd in the oddball task? Prefrontal cortex is activated by dynamic changes in response strategy. 
  • White matter abnormalities in bipolar disorder: insights from diffusion tensor imaging studies. 
  • White matter abnormalities in major depression: evidence from post-mortem, neuroimaging and genetic studies. 
  • [The impact of mood on the intrinsic functional connectivity]. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Cabeza, Roberto, Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke Science & Society
  • Egner, Tobias, Associate Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke Science & Society
  • Huettel, Scott, Professor in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke Science & Society
  • Nicolelis, Miguel Angelo L., Duke School of Medicine Professor in Neuroscience, Psychology and Neuroscience
  • Turkington, Timothy Garvey, Associate Professor in Radiology, Radiology