DNA Primers

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 5' exon replacement and repair by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. 
  • A C-terminal motif found in the beta2-adrenergic receptor, P2Y1 receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator determines binding to the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor family of PDZ proteins. 
  • A broad competence to respond to SHORT ROOT revealed by tissue-specific ectopic expression. 
  • A comparison of methods for RNA extraction from lymphocytes for RT-PCR. 
  • A critical role for the autophagy gene Atg5 in T cell survival and proliferation. 
  • A distinctive clade B HIV type 1 is heterosexually transmitted in Trinidad and Tobago. 
  • A functional antigenomic promoter for the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 requires proper spacing between an essential internal segment and the 3' terminus. 
  • A gene therapy strategy using a transcription factor decoy of the E2F binding site inhibits smooth muscle proliferation in vivo. 
  • A genetic association study of the mu opioid receptor and severe opioid dependence. 
  • A genetic linkage map of the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus. 
  • A glucan synthase FKS1 homolog in cryptococcus neoformans is single copy and encodes an essential function. 
  • A high association of oncogenic human papillomaviruses with carcinomas of the female urethra: polymerase chain reaction-based analysis of multiple histological types. 
  • A human recombinant Fab identifies a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced conformational change in cell surface-expressed CD4. 
  • A large set of Finnish affected sibling pair families with type 2 diabetes suggests susceptibility loci on chromosomes 6, 11, and 14. 
  • A linkage map reveals a complex basis for segregation distortion in an interpopulation cross in the moss Ceratodon purpureus. 
  • A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes. 
  • A microarray analysis of the XX Wnt4 mutant gonad targeted at the identification of genes involved in testis vascular differentiation. 
  • A missense mutation in exon 4 of the human adenosine deaminase gene causes severe combined immunodeficiency. 
  • A molecular clasp in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 TM protein determines the anti-HIV activity of gp41 derivatives: implication for viral fusion. 
  • A novel antibody humanization method based on epitopes scanning and molecular dynamics simulation. 
  • A novel beta-globin mutation, beta Durham-NC [beta 114 Leu-->Pro], produces a dominant thalassemia-like phenotype. 
  • A patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI is homozygous for a premature termination codon in exon 14 of the lysyl hydroxylase 1 gene. 
  • A pilot study of dose-intensified procarbazine, CCNU, vincristine for poor prognosis brain tumors utilizing fibronectin-assisted, retroviral-mediated modification of CD34+ peripheral blood cells with O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase. 
  • A real-time PCR assay to identify and discriminate among wild-type and vaccine strains of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens, and comparison with the clinical diagnoses. 
  • A simple genetic incompatibility causes hybrid male sterility in mimulus. 
  • A simple procedure for the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms facilitates map-based cloning in Arabidopsis. 
  • A single amino acid change in the cytoplasmic domain of the simian immunodeficiency virus transmembrane molecule increases envelope glycoprotein expression on infected cells. 
  • A sulfurtransferase is required in the transfer of cysteine sulfur in the in vitro synthesis of molybdopterin from precursor Z in Escherichia coli. 
  • A synthetic random basic copolymer with promiscuous binding to class II major histocompatibility complex molecules inhibits T-cell proliferative responses to major and minor histocompatibility antigens in vitro and confers the capacity to prevent murine graft-versus-host disease in vivo. 
  • A topical antioxidant solution containing vitamins C and E stabilized by ferulic acid provides protection for human skin against damage caused by ultraviolet irradiation. 
  • ACE and ACE2 activity in diabetic mice. 
  • ATM binds to beta-adaptin in cytoplasmic vesicles. 
  • Abl-interactor-1 (Abi1) has a role in cardiovascular and placental development and is a binding partner of the alpha4 integrin. 
  • Activating mutations in STIM1 and ORAI1 cause overlapping syndromes of tubular myopathy and congenital miosis. 
  • Activation of arterial wall dendritic cells and breakdown of self-tolerance in giant cell arteritis. 
  • Adducin is an in vivo substrate for protein kinase C: phosphorylation in the MARCKS-related domain inhibits activity in promoting spectrin-actin complexes and occurs in many cells, including dendritic spines of neurons. 
  • Adenosine-deaminase-deficient mice die perinatally and exhibit liver-cell degeneration, atelectasis and small intestinal cell death. 
  • Adenylyl cyclase functions downstream of the Galpha protein Gpa1 and controls mating and pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Advantages of mRNA amplification for microarray analysis. 
  • Allelic loss at the tuberous sclerosis 2 locus in spontaneous tumors in the Eker rat. 
  • Alu-PCR fingerprinting of YACs. 
  • Amplification of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-beta isoforms using degenerate primers. 
  • Amplified on-chip fluorescence detection of DNA hybridization by surface-initiated enzymatic polymerization. 
  • An allele-specific hammerhead ribozyme gene therapy for a porcine model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. 
  • An essential role for DYF-11/MIP-T3 in assembling functional intraflagellar transport complexes. 
  • An imaging-based approach to identify ligands for olfactory receptors. 
  • An improved protocol for the analysis of SOD1 gene mutations, and a new mutation in exon 4. 
  • An in vivo expression technology screen for Vibrio cholerae genes expressed in human volunteers. 
  • Analysis of HLA-DM polymorphism in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. 
  • Analysis of genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences in studying phylogenetics of dematiaceous fungal pathogens. 
  • Analysis of recombinant Phex: an endopeptidase in search of a substrate. 
  • Analytical validation of a practical molecular assay prognostic of survival in nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer. 
  • Androgen-induced expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response genes in prostate cancer cells. 
  • Angiogenic effects of interleukin 8 (CXCL8) in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells are mediated by CXCR2. 
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme and genetic hypertension: cloning of rat cDNAs and characterization of the enzyme. 
  • Animal model for maturity-onset diabetes of the young generated by disruption of the mouse glucokinase gene. 
  • Apolipoprotein E genotype and outcome in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. 
  • Applications for green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the study of host-pathogen interactions. 
  • Arrayed primer extension technology simplifies mutation detection in Bardet-Biedl and Alström syndrome. 
  • Arrested rearrangement of TCR V beta genes in thymocytes from children with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease. 
  • Assembly of the bacteriophage T4 primosome: single-molecule and ensemble studies. 
  • Assessment of a quantitative multiplex 5' nuclease real-time PCR for spotted fever and typhus group rickettsioses and Orientia tsutsugamushi. 
  • Assessment of soil microbial community structure by use of taxon-specific quantitative PCR assays. 
  • Assignment of the creatine transporter gene (SLC6A8) to human chromosome Xq28 telomeric to G6PD. 
  • Association between glutathione S-transferase p1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in Caucasians: a case-control study. 
  • Association of a functional tandem repeats in the downstream of human telomerase gene and lung cancer. 
  • Association of angiotensinogen gene T235 variant with increased risk of coronary heart disease. 
  • Augmentation of immune responses to HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus DNA vaccines by IL-2/Ig plasmid administration in rhesus monkeys. 
  • Autoantibodies to the alpha/beta T-cell receptors in human immunodeficiency virus infection: dysregulation and mimicry. 
  • Autofeedback suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion in transgenic mice expressing a human GH reporter targeted by tyrosine hydroxylase 5'-flanking sequences to the hypothalamus. 
  • B-CAM/LU expression and the role of B-CAM/LU activation in binding of low- and high-density red cells to laminin in sickle cell disease. 
  • BRCA2 mutations in primary breast and ovarian cancers. 
  • Bartonella henselae: etiology of pulmonary nodules in a patient with depressed cell-mediated immunity. 
  • Biallelic inactivation of hMLH1 by epigenetic gene silencing, a novel mechanism causing human MSI cancers. 
  • Biological, molecular, and structural analysis of a cytopathic variant from a molecularly cloned simian immunodeficiency virus. 
  • Bmp and Fgf signaling are essential for liver specification in zebrafish. 
  • Bombesin and [Leu8]phyllolitorin promote fetal mouse lung branching morphogenesis via a receptor-mediated mechanism. 
  • Bombesin-like peptides and receptors in normal fetal baboon lung: roles in lung growth and maturation. 
  • Bone morphogenetic protein 8A plays a role in the maintenance of spermatogenesis and the integrity of the epididymis. 
  • Broadly Neutralizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Antibody Gene Transfer Protects Nonhuman Primates from Mucosal Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. 
  • CD14-dependent mechanism for endotoxin-mediated nitric oxide synthesis in murine macrophages. 
  • CDKN2 in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical-carcinoma cell lines. 
  • CHST1 and CHST2 sulfotransferases expressed by human vascular endothelial cells: cDNA cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization. 
  • CLL cell apoptosis induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: correlation with lipid solubility and NOS1 dissociation constant. 
  • CO2-enrichment and nutrient availability alter ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. 
  • Calcineurin is essential for survival during membrane stress in Candida albicans. 
  • Calcineurin is essential in cyclosporin A- and FK506-sensitive yeast strains. 
  • Calcineurin mutants render T lymphocytes resistant to cyclosporin A. 
  • Calreticulin chaperones regulate functional expression of vomeronasal type 2 pheromone receptors. 
  • Cardiac BIN1 folds T-tubule membrane, controlling ion flux and limiting arrhythmia. 
  • Case-control analysis of thymidylate synthase polymorphisms and risk of lung cancer. 
  • Casein kinase I phosphorylates and destabilizes the beta-catenin degradation complex. 
  • Caspy, a zebrafish caspase, activated by ASC oligomerization is required for pharyngeal arch development. 
  • Cellular mechanisms regulating protein phosphatase-1. A key functional interaction between inhibitor-2 and the type 1 protein phosphatase catalytic subunit. 
  • Cftr controls lumen expansion and function of Kupffer's vesicle in zebrafish. 
  • Characteristics of the interaction of a synthetic human tristetraprolin tandem zinc finger peptide with AU-rich element-containing RNA substrates. 
  • Characterization of a gene trap insertion into a novel gene, cordon-bleu, expressed in axial structures of the gastrulating mouse embryo. 
  • Characterization of an iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein (ISU1) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. 
  • Characterization of antibodies to the rat substance P (NK-1) receptor and to a chimeric substance P receptor expressed in mammalian cells. 
  • Characterization of elongation factor-1A (eEF1A-1) and eEF1A-2/S1 protein expression in normal and wasted mice. 
  • Characterization of the porcine ATM gene: towards the generation of a novel non-murine animal model for Ataxia-Telangiectasia. 
  • Characterization of the transmembrane orientation of aquaporin-1 using antibodies to recombinant fusion proteins. 
  • Chicken perinatal troponin Ts are generated by a combination of novel and phylogenetically conserved alternative splicing pathways. 
  • Chromatin-related properties of CBP fused to MLL generate a myelodysplastic-like syndrome that evolves into myeloid leukemia. 
  • Chromium(VI) treatment of normal human lung cells results in guanine-specific DNA polymerase arrest, DNA-DNA cross-links and S-phase blockade of cell cycle. 
  • Clara cell secretory protein decreases lung inflammation after acute virus infection. 
  • Cloning and sequencing of V genes from anti-osteosarcoma monoclonal antibodies TP-1 and TP-3: location of lysine residues and implications for radiolabeling. 
  • Cloning of cDNA and analysis of the gene for mouse angiotensin II type 2 receptor. 
  • Cloning of the human glycine transporter type 1: molecular and pharmacological characterization of novel isoform variants and chromosomal localization of the gene in the human and mouse genomes. 
  • Cobalamin inhibition of HIV-1 integrase and integration of HIV-1 DNA into cellular DNA. 
  • Collagenase 1 and collagenase 3 expression in a guinea pig model of osteoarthritis. 
  • Combined effects of the p53 codon 72 and p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphisms on the risk of HPV16-associated oral cancer in never-smokers. 
  • Comparison of the evolutionary dynamics of symbiotic and housekeeping loci: a case for the genetic coherence of rhizobial lineages. 
  • Comparison of use of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics for identification of species of the anamorph genus Candida and related teleomorph yeast species. 
  • Comprehensive epitope mapping of the Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-2 in normal, non tumor-bearing individuals. 
  • Constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression, regulation, and activity in human lung epithelial cells. 
  • Contrasting quaternary histories in an ecologically divergent sister pair of low-dispersing intertidal fish (Xiphister) revealed by multilocus DNA analysis. 
  • Control of Swe1p degradation by the morphogenesis checkpoint. 
  • Cooperation between transcription factor AP-1 and NF-kappaB in the induction of interleukin-8 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells by hypoxia. 
  • Cooperativity between the preproinsulin mRNA untranslated regions is necessary for glucose-stimulated translation. 
  • Correct splicing despite mutation of the invariant first nucleotide of a 5' splice site: a possible basis for disparate clinical phenotypes in siblings with adenosine deaminase deficiency. 
  • Cosmids map two incontinentia pigmenti type 1 (IP1) translocation breakpoints to a 180-kb region within a 1.2-Mb YAC contig. 
  • Coupled mutagenesis screens and genetic mapping in zebrafish. 
  • Critical factors in basal cell adhesion molecule/lutheran-mediated adhesion to laminin. 
  • Cryptococcus neoformans shows a remarkable genotypic diversity in Brazil. 
  • Cytogenetic assignment and physical mapping of the human DGKE gene to chromosome 17q22. 
  • Cytokine-mediated production of nitric oxide in isolated rat hepatocytes is dependent on cytochrome P-450III activity. 
  • Cytoplasmic dynein is required to oppose the force that moves nuclei towards the hyphal tip in the filamentous ascomycete Ashbya gossypii. 
  • DNA polymerase arrest by adducted trivalent chromium. 
  • DNA repair gene XRCC3 241Met variant is not associated with risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma. 
  • DSG2 mutations contribute to arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. 
  • Defective IL7R expression in T(-)B(+)NK(+) severe combined immunodeficiency. 
  • Deletion of Y chromosome sequences located outside the testis determining region can cause XY female sex reversal. 
  • Deletion of the carboxyl terminus of Tie2 enhances kinase activity, signaling, and function. Evidence for an autoinhibitory mechanism. 
  • Desensitization, internalization, and signaling functions of beta-arrestins demonstrated by RNA interference. 
  • Detailed analysis of gene expression during development of T cell lineages in the thymus. 
  • Detection of amino-terminal extracellular domain of somatostatin receptor 2 by specific monoclonal antibodies and quantification of receptor density in medulloblastoma. 
  • Determination of estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA levels in adipocytes and adipose stromal cells by competitive polymerase chain reaction amplification. 
  • Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit: resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar's lemurs. 
  • Development of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model pathogen. A system for the genetic identification of gene products required for survival in the mammalian host environment. 
  • Developmental regulation of VDJ recombination by the core fragment of the T cell receptor alpha enhancer. 
  • Diesel exhaust particles activate the matrix-metalloproteinase-1 gene in human bronchial epithelia in a beta-arrestin-dependent manner via activation of RAS. 
  • Different spectra of genomic deletions within the CCM genes between Italian and American CCM patient cohorts. 
  • Differential display of hepatic mRNA from killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a Superfund estuary. 
  • Differential effects of prostate cancer therapeutics on neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. 
  • Differential gene expression patterns in HER2/neu-positive and -negative breast cancer cell lines and tissues. 
  • Differential induction of mRNAs for the glycolytic and ethanolic fermentative pathways by hypoxia and anoxia in maize seedlings. 
  • Differential patterns of male and female mtDNA exchange across the Atlantic Ocean in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. 
  • Differential regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression by ethanol in the human intestinal epithelial cell line DLD-1. 
  • Differentiation of strains in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by DNA sequence polymorphisms, including rapid identification of M. bovis BCG. 
  • Digital image analysis for rapid quantification of total RNA and cDNA for SMART-PCR. 
  • Direct PCR sequencing with boronated nucleotides. 
  • Discrete and complementary mechanisms of protection of beta-cells against cytokine-induced and oxidative damage achieved by bcl-2 overexpression and a cytokine selection strategy. 
  • Disproportionate relationship between APOBEC-1 expression and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing activity. 
  • Disruption of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in mice reveals a role in immunity and reactive oxygen species production. 
  • Diversity and detection of nitrate assimilation genes in marine bacteria. 
  • Dopamine transporter expression confers cytotoxicity to low doses of the parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. 
  • Down-regulation of parkin protein in transient focal cerebral ischemia: A link between stroke and degenerative disease? 
  • Downregulation of the AU-rich RNA-binding protein ZFP36 in chronic HBV patients: implications for anti-inflammatory therapy. 
  • Early specialization of the superfast myosin in extraocular and laryngeal muscles. 
  • Ectopic expression of DLK1 protein in skeletal muscle of padumnal heterozygotes causes the callipyge phenotype. 
  • Effect of mutations in genes affecting homologous recombination on restriction enzyme-mediated and illegitimate recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Effect of the laccase gene CNLAC1, on virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Effects of MDM2 promoter polymorphisms and p53 codon 72 polymorphism on risk and age at onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
  • Effects of isoflurane, pentobarbital, and urethane on apoptosis and apoptotic signal transduction in rat kidney. 
  • Effects of the NIK aly mutation on NF-kappaB activation by the Epstein-Barr virus latent infection membrane protein, lymphotoxin beta receptor, and CD40. 
  • Elevated blood pressure and enhanced myocardial contractility in mice with severe IGF-1 deficiency. 
  • EndoU is a novel regulator of AICD during peripheral B cell selection. 
  • Endogenous adenosine produced during hypoxia attenuates neutrophil accumulation: coordination by extracellular nucleotide metabolism. 
  • Endoglin, an ancillary TGFbeta receptor, is required for extraembryonic angiogenesis and plays a key role in heart development. 
  • Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94 subunit assembly is regulated through a defined oligomerization domain. 
  • Engraftment of gene-modified umbilical cord blood cells in neonates with adenosine deaminase deficiency. 
  • Enhancement of hypoxia-induced tumor cell death in vitro and radiation therapy in vivo by use of small interfering RNA targeted to hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. 
  • Enhancer analysis of the mouse HNF-3 beta gene: regulatory elements for node/notochord and floor plate are independent and consist of multiple sub-elements. 
  • Enhancer-dependent and -independent steps in the rearrangement of a human T cell receptor delta transgene. 
  • Enhancing RNA repair efficiency by combining trans-splicing ribozymes that recognize different accessible sites on a target RNA. 
  • Essential role of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 in cardiac development and function. 
  • Evaluation of microsatellite instability, hMLH1 expression and hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in defining the MSI phenotype of colorectal cancer. 
  • Evaluation of the accuracy and reproducibility of a practical PCR panel assay for rapid detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies. 
  • Evaluation of the alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptor gene in a heritable form of temporal lobe epilepsy. 
  • Evidence for independent recruitment of zeta-crystallin/quinone reductase (CRYZ) as a crystallin in camelids and hystricomorph rodents. 
  • Evidence for substantial effect modification by gender in a large-scale genetic association study of the metabolic syndrome among coronary heart disease patients. 
  • Evidence for the intertwined dimer of the cytochrome bc(1) complex in solution. 
  • Evidence from normal expression and targeted misexpression that bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp-4) plays a role in mouse embryonic lung morphogenesis. 
  • Evolution of envelope sequences from the genital tract and peripheral blood of women infected with clade A human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 
  • Evolution of sea urchin retroviral-like (SURL) elements: evidence from 40 echinoid species. 
  • Evolutionary analysis of the well characterized endo16 promoter reveals substantial variation within functional sites. 
  • Evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses. 
  • Exon junction complexes mediate the enhancing effect of splicing on mRNA expression. 
  • Expansion of somatically reverted memory CD8+ T cells in patients with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease caused by selective pressure from Epstein-Barr virus. 
  • Expression analysis of endoglin missense and truncation mutations: insights into protein structure and disease mechanisms. 
  • Expression analysis of four endoglin missense mutations suggests that haploinsufficiency is the predominant mechanism for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. 
  • Expression in normal human tissues of five nucleotide excision repair genes measured simultaneously by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 
  • Expression of CD44 and variant isoforms in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. 
  • Expression of E-selectin messenger RNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis. 
  • Expression of Sry, the mouse sex determining gene. 
  • Expression of TGF-beta isoforms by Thy-1+ and Thy-1- pulmonary fibroblast subsets: evidence for TGF-beta as a regulator of IL-1-dependent stimulation of IL-6. 
  • Expression of five selected human mismatch repair genes simultaneously detected in normal and cancer cell lines by a nonradioactive multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. 
  • Expression of osteocalcin and its transcriptional regulators core-binding factor alpha 1 and MSX2 in osteoid-forming tumours. 
  • Expression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene hSRBC is frequently lost in primary lung cancers with and without DNA methylation. 
  • Expression of the human poliovirus receptor/CD155 gene is activated by sonic hedgehog. 
  • Expression of the type III TGF-beta receptor is negatively regulated by TGF-beta. 
  • Expression, purification, and in vitro assays of mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein. 
  • Extensive chloroplast haplotype variation indicates Pleistocene hybridization and radiation of North American Arabis drummondii, A. x divaricarpa, and A. holboellii (Brassicaceae). 
  • Extrinsic coagulation blockade attenuates lung injury and proinflammatory cytokine release after intratracheal lipopolysaccharide. 
  • Factors affecting harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) strandings in the Northwest Atlantic. 
  • Familial antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: criteria for disease and evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance. 
  • Familial recurrence of SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome: phenotypically normal mother with two affected daughters. 
  • Fas on renal parenchymal cells does not promote autoimmune nephritis in MRL mice. 
  • Fine localization of the CMT4A locus using a PAC contig and haplotype analysis. 
  • Fine structure mapping of CIAS1: identification of an ancestral haplotype and a common FCAS mutation, L353P. 
  • Fine-structure mapping of meiosis-specific double-strand DNA breaks at a recombination hotspot associated with an insertion of telomeric sequences upstream of the HIS4 locus in yeast. 
  • Flt-1-dependent survival characterizes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colonic organoids. 
  • Fluorescence imaging of GABAA receptor-mediated intracellular [Cl-] in P19-N cells reveals unique pharmacological properties. 
  • Fragments of ATM which have dominant-negative or complementing activity. 
  • Frequent detection of bcl-2/JH translocations in human blood and organ samples by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. 
  • Functional analysis of intra-allelic variation at NACP-Rep1 in the alpha-synuclein gene. 
  • Functional and genetic studies of isolated cells from parathyroid tumors reveal the complex pathogenesis of parathyroid neoplasia. 
  • Functional and molecular adaptations in skeletal muscle of myoglobin-mutant mice. 
  • Functional significance of erythropoietin receptor expression in breast cancer. 
  • GATA transcription factor required for immunity to bacterial and fungal pathogens. 
  • GRP94/gp96 elicits ERK activation in murine macrophages. A role for endotoxin contamination in NF-kappa B activation and nitric oxide production. 
  • Galphaq-dependent signaling cascades stimulate water-seeking behavior. 
  • Gene and protein expressions of nitric oxide synthases in ischemia-reperfused peripheral nerve of the rat. 
  • Gene disruption with PCR products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Gene expression in the rectus abdominus muscle of patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse. 
  • Generation of random mutant libraries with multiple primers in a single reaction. 
  • Genetic analysis of a morphological shape difference in the male genitalia of Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana. 
  • Genetic analysis of the beta-tubulin gene, TUBB, in non-small-cell lung cancer. 
  • Genetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase mu and theta, N-acetyltransferase, and CYP1A1 and risk of gliomas. 
  • Genetic subtyping of human immunodeficiency virus using a heteroduplex mobility assay. 
  • Genetic variability of Bacillus anthracis and related species. 
  • Genome-wide mutagenesis of influenza virus reveals unique plasticity of the hemagglutinin and NS1 proteins. 
  • Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the novel ETS factor, PE-2 (ERF). 
  • Genomics and expression profiles of the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways in sea urchin development. 
  • Gln368STOP myocilin mutation in families with late-onset primary open-angle glaucoma. 
  • Global mapping of meiotic recombination hotspots and coldspots in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) gene expression in the rat salivary gland. 
  • Glycosaminoglycan binding properties of natural venezuelan equine encephalitis virus isolates. 
  • Growth Arrest Specific 8 (Gas8) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) cooperate in the control of Smoothened signaling. 
  • HIV-1 Rev promotes the nuclear export of unspliced and singly spliced RNAs in a mammalian cell-free export system. 
  • Hemoglobin βCys93 is essential for cardiovascular function and integrated response to hypoxia. 
  • Hepatic and neuromuscular forms of glycogen storage disease type IV caused by mutations in the same glycogen-branching enzyme gene. 
  • High incidence of T-cell tumors in E2A-null mice and E2A/Id1 double-knockout mice. 
  • High rates of "unselected" aneuploidy and chromosome rearrangements in tel1 mec1 haploid yeast strains. 
  • High-level production of recombinant human lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase in Chinese hamster ovary cells which targets to heart muscle and corrects glycogen accumulation in fibroblasts from patients with Pompe disease. 
  • High-resolution comparative physical mapping of mouse chromosome 10 in the region of homology with human chromosome 21. 
  • High-throughput detection of glutathione s-transferase polymorphic alleles in a pediatric cancer population. 
  • Highly attenuated rabies virus-based vaccine vectors expressing simian-human immunodeficiency virus89.6P Env and simian immunodeficiency virusmac239 Gag are safe in rhesus macaques and protect from an AIDS-like disease. 
  • Highly coordinated gene regulation in mouse skeletal muscle regeneration. 
  • Histone modifications within the human X centromere region. 
  • Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. 
  • Homocysteine-mediated modulation of mitochondrial dynamics in retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Host-symbiont stability and fast evolutionary rates in an ant-bacterium association: cospeciation of camponotus species and their endosymbionts, candidatus blochmannia. 
  • Human mononuclear phagocyte inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS): analysis of iNOS mRNA, iNOS protein, biopterin, and nitric oxide production by blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages. 
  • Human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene is a transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. 
  • Human type 2 angiotensin II receptor gene: cloned, mapped to the X chromosome, and its mRNA is expressed in the human lung. 
  • Hybridization probes for conventional DNA fingerprinting used as single primers in the polymerase chain reaction to distinguish strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Hyperactivity, elevated dopaminergic transmission, and response to amphetamine in M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice. 
  • Hypoxia in the thymus: role of oxygen tension in thymocyte survival. 
  • IFN-gamma production in response to neuropathogenic Cas-Br-M murine leukemia virus infection. 
  • IL-10 stimulatory effects on human NK cells explored by gene profile analysis. 
  • Identification and characterization of a widely expressed form of adenylyl cyclase. 
  • Identification and characterization of genes involved in the carcinogenesis of human squamous cell cervical carcinoma. 
  • Identification of E2A target genes in B lymphocyte development by using a gene tagging-based chromatin immunoprecipitation system. 
  • Identification of IGFBP-6 as a significantly downregulated gene by beta-catenin in desmoid tumors. 
  • Identification of a new family of protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunits. 
  • Identification of a rat glomerular mesangial cell mitogenic 5-HT2A receptor. 
  • Identification of additional members of human G-protein-coupled receptor kinase multigene family. 
  • Identification of adenylyl cyclases by amplification using degenerate primers. 
  • Identification of amino acid residues involved in structural and ubiquinone-binding functions of subunit IV of the cytochrome bc1 complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. 
  • Identification of candidate genes in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease using cDNA array technology. 
  • Identification of clinical strains of Candida albicans by DNA fingerprinting with the polymerase chain reaction. 
  • Identification of molecular markers for the early detection of human squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. 
  • Identification, cloning, and expression of the Escherichia coli pyrazinamidase and nicotinamidase gene, pncA. 
  • Identification, purification, and characterization of GRK5, a member of the family of G protein-coupled receptor kinases. 
  • Immunity to MHC class I antigen after direct DNA transfer into skeletal muscle. 
  • Impaired immune responses and B-cell proliferation in mice lacking the Id3 gene. 
  • Improvements to the differential display method for gene analysis. 
  • Increased skin carcinogenesis in caspase-activated DNase knockout mice. 
  • Independent beta-arrestin 2 and G protein-mediated pathways for angiotensin II activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2. 
  • Induction by leptin of uncoupling protein-2 and enzymes of fatty acid oxidation. 
  • Induction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to the human stromal antigen, fibroblast activation protein: implication for cancer immunotherapy. 
  • Induction of ductal and stromal hyperplasia by basic fibroblast growth factor produced by human pancreatic carcinoma. 
  • Induction of ferritin and heme oxygenase-1 by endotoxin in the lung. 
  • Informing Antibiotic Treatment Decisions: Evaluating Rapid Molecular Diagnostics To Identify Susceptibility and Resistance to Carbapenems against Acinetobacter spp. in PRIMERS III. 
  • Inhibition of a yeast LTR retrotransposon by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases. 
  • Inhibition of rat corneal angiogenesis by a nuclease-resistant RNA aptamer specific for angiopoietin-2. 
  • Interaction of plasminogen with dipeptidyl peptidase IV initiates a signal transduction mechanism which regulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by prostate cancer cells. 
  • Interactions of TLC1 (which encodes the RNA subunit of telomerase), TEL1, and MEC1 in regulating telomere length in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Interferon regulatory factor-1 up-regulates angiotensin II type 2 receptor and induces apoptosis. 
  • Intervertebral disc cells exhibit differences in gene expression in alginate and monolayer culture. 
  • Intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevents metabolic syndrome in mice. 
  • Intestinal transcription and synthesis of apolipoprotein AI is regulated by five natural polymorphisms upstream of the apolipoprotein CIII gene. 
  • Intracerebral cytokine mRNA expression during fatal and nonfatal alphavirus encephalitis suggests a predominant type 2 T cell response. 
  • Investigation of the basis of virulence in serotype A strains of Cryptococcus neoformans from apparently immunocompetent individuals. 
  • Involvement of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in mouse embryonic lung growth and morphogenesis. 
  • Involvement of p72syk kinase, p53/56lyn kinase and phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase in signal transduction via the human B lymphocyte antigen CD22. 
  • Isolation and characterization of a mouse homolog of the Drosophila segment polarity gene dishevelled. 
  • Isolation and characterization of human casein kinase I epsilon (CKI), a novel member of the CKI gene family. 
  • Isolation and initial characterization of the 5' flanking region of the human and murine cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase beta-subunit genes. 
  • Knock-in mutation of the distal four tyrosines of linker for activation of T cells blocks murine T cell development. 
  • Knockdown of mouse VCAM-1 by vector-based siRNA. 
  • Knockout of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene results in neonatal death and supersensitivity to cocaine and amphetamine. 
  • LOC387715/HTRA1 and complement factor H variants in patients with age-related macular degeneration seen at the mayo clinic. 
  • Lack of evidence for an association between alpha-adducin and blood pressure regulation in Asian populations. 
  • Linkage analysis of candidate myelin genes in familial multiple sclerosis. 
  • Linkage mapping of the angiotensin AT2 receptor gene (Agtr2) to the mouse X chromosome. 
  • Lipid levels are associated with a regulatory polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter (MAOA-uVNTR). 
  • Localization of heparin cofactor II in injured human skin: a potential role in wound healing. 
  • Long-term exposure of chemokine CXCL10 causes bronchiolitis-like inflammation. 
  • Loss of cftr function leads to pancreatic destruction in larval zebrafish. 
  • Loss of hPot1 function leads to telomere instability and a cut-like phenotype. 
  • Lung EC-SOD overexpression attenuates hypoxic induction of Egr-1 and chronic hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling. 
  • M6P/IGF2 receptor: a candidate breast tumor suppressor gene. 
  • MYB36 regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the Arabidopsis root. 
  • Maintenance of G2 arrest in the Xenopus oocyte: a role for 14-3-3-mediated inhibition of Cdc25 nuclear import. 
  • Mechanism of inactivation of CDKN2 and MTS2 in non-small cell lung cancer and association with advanced stage. 
  • Mechanisms regulating SHORT-ROOT intercellular movement. 
  • Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 is critical for invariant natural killer T-cell development and effector function. 
  • Metabolites from apoptotic thymocytes inhibit thymopoiesis in adenosine deaminase-deficient fetal thymic organ cultures. 
  • Methylation-specific PCR. 
  • Mice with a deletion in the gene for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta are protected against diet-induced obesity. 
  • Mice with duplications and deletions at the Tme locus have altered MnSOD activity. 
  • Micro-RNA-181a regulates osteopontin-dependent metastatic function in hepatocellular cancer cell lines. 
  • Minimal phenotype of mice homozygous for a null mutation in the forkhead/winged helix gene, Mf2. 
  • Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism A4917G is independently associated with age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Modulation of oncogene and tumor suppressor gene expression in a hamster model of chronic lung injury with varying degrees of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. 
  • Molecular and biochemical characterization of two plant inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-/5-kinases. 
  • Molecular basis for the enterocyte tropism exhibited by Salmonella typhimurium type 1 fimbriae. 
  • Molecular characterization of the human delta opioid receptor in lung cancer. 
  • Molecular cloning and expression of two small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) genes, dspg3l and optcl, in zebrafish. 
  • Molecular cloning of a novel gene encoding a membrane-associated adaptor protein (LAX) in lymphocyte signaling. 
  • Molecular cloning of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. 
  • Molecular defects underlying the Kell null phenotype. 
  • Molecular determinants in the second intracellular loop of the 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A receptor for G-protein coupling. 
  • Molecular genetic analysis of two human sperm fibrous sheath proteins, AKAP4 and AKAP3, in men with dysplasia of the fibrous sheath. 
  • Molecular mapping of the Cromer blood group Cra and Tca epitopes of decay accelerating factor: toward the use of recombinant antigens in immunohematology. 
  • Molecular markers reveal that population structure of the human pathogen Candida albicans exhibits both clonality and recombination. 
  • Molecular mechanism of fibronectin gene activation by cyclic stretch in vascular smooth muscle cells. 
  • Molecular mycology: DNA probes and applications of PCR technology. 
  • Molecular pathologic substaging in 244 stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients: clinical implications. 
  • Mouse embryonic germ (EG) cell lines: transmission through the germline and differences in the methylation imprint of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r) gene compared with embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. 
  • Mouse keratin 4 is necessary for internal epithelial integrity. 
  • Multiple domains of MCIP1 contribute to inhibition of calcineurin activity. 
  • Multiple interactions within the AKAP220 signaling complex contribute to protein phosphatase 1 regulation. 
  • Multiple transcription start sites and 5' alternate splicing of murine IL-3 receptor beta-chain transcripts. 
  • Multiplexed short tandem repeat polymorphisms of the Weber 8A set of markers using tailed primers and infrared fluorescence detection. 
  • Murine forkhead/winged helix genes Foxc1 (Mf1) and Foxc2 (Mfh1) are required for the early organogenesis of the kidney and urinary tract. 
  • Mutagenic analysis of functional domains of the mos proto-oncogene and identification of the sites important for MAPK activation and DNA binding. 
  • Mutation analysis in nephronophthisis using a combined approach of homozygosity mapping, CEL I endonuclease cleavage, and direct sequencing. 
  • Mutation analysis of the THRA1 gene in breast cancer: deletion/fusion of the gene to a novel sequence on 17q in the BT474 cell line. 
  • Mutation and expression analysis of the endoglin gene in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia reveals null alleles. 
  • Mutation exposed: a neutral explanation for extreme base composition of an endosymbiont genome. 
  • Mutation screening of patients with Leber Congenital Amaurosis or the enhanced S-Cone Syndrome reveals a lack of sequence variations in the NRL gene. 
  • Mutations in SLC19A2 cause thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia associated with diabetes mellitus and deafness. 
  • Mutations in the MSH3 gene preferentially lead to deletions within tracts of simple repetitive DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • Mutations of the forkhead/winged-helix gene, FKHL7, in patients with Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly. 
  • Myocardial NF-κB activation is essential for zebrafish heart regeneration. 
  • Myosin I contributes to the generation of resting cortical tension. 
  • N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide cross-linking suggests a central core of helices II in oligomers of URF13, the pore-forming T-toxin receptor of cms-T maize mitochondria. 
  • N7-cyanoborane-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate is a good substrate for DNA polymerase. 
  • NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) via the ERK pathway after hyperthermia treatment. 
  • NF-kappaB cis-acting motifs of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat regulate HIV transcription in human macrophages. 
  • NMDA and nitric oxide act through the cGMP signal transduction pathway to repress hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. 
  • Nanoscale laminin coating modulates cortical scarring response around implanted silicon microelectrode arrays. 
  • Natural variation in HIV-1 protease, Gag p7 and p6, and protease cleavage sites within gag/pol polyproteins: amino acid substitutions in the absence of protease inhibitors in mothers and children infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 
  • Neurabins recruit protein phosphatase-1 and inhibitor-2 to the actin cytoskeleton. 
  • Neutralization-sensitive R5-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIV-2873Nip, which carries env isolated from an infant with a recent HIV clade C infection. 
  • Neutralizing antibodies as a potential secondary protective mechanism during chronic SHIV infection in CD8+ T-cell-depleted macaques. 
  • Normal luminal bacteria, especially Bacteroides species, mediate chronic colitis, gastritis, and arthritis in HLA-B27/human beta2 microglobulin transgenic rats. 
  • Novel congenital myopathy locus identified in Native American Indians at 12q13.13-14.1. 
  • Novel insulinoma cell lines produced by iterative engineering of GLUT2, glucokinase, and human insulin expression. 
  • Novel role for Netrins in regulating epithelial behavior during lung branching morphogenesis. 
  • Novel splicing, missense, and deletion mutations in seven adenosine deaminase-deficient patients with late/delayed onset of combined immunodeficiency disease. Contribution of genotype to phenotype. 
  • Nuclear localization of NPR1 is required for activation of PR gene expression. 
  • Organization of the human zeta-crystallin/quinone reductase gene (CRYZ). 
  • Osteopontin is up-regulated in chronic hepatitis C and is associated with cellular permissiveness for hepatitis C virus replication. 
  • Overexpression of leptin receptors in pancreatic islets of Zucker diabetic fatty rats restores GLUT-2, glucokinase, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. 
  • Overexpression of protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) in rat hepatocytes causes profound activation of glycogen synthesis independent of normal hormone- and substrate-mediated regulatory mechanisms. 
  • PCR identification of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. 
  • PCR-Based Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, Mitochondrial DNA Damage, and Nuclear DNA Damage. 
  • Parallel evolution at multiple levels in the origin of hummingbird pollinated flowers in Ipomoea. 
  • Parallel evolution of drug resistance in HIV: failure of nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio to detect selection. 
  • Parkin mutations and susceptibility alleles in late-onset Parkinson's disease. 
  • Partial inhibition of gp130-Jak-Stat3 signaling prevents Wnt-β-catenin-mediated intestinal tumor growth and regeneration. 
  • Partitioned pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-PCR (PPF-PCR): a new method for pulsed-field mapping for STS and microsatellites. 
  • Passive transfer of modest titers of potent and broadly neutralizing anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies block SHIV infection in macaques. 
  • Pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with quantitative differences in multiple virulence factors. 
  • Patterns of HIV-1 mRNA expression in transgenic mice are tissue-dependent. 
  • Persistence of attenuated rev genes in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected asymptomatic individual. 
  • Pervasive genomic recombination of HIV-1 in vivo. 
  • Pharmacologic manipulation of ob expression in a dietary model of obesity. 
  • Phosphorylation and desensitization of the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor. Involvement of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. 
  • Phosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta and epidermal growth factor receptor by G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2. Mechanisms for selectivity of desensitization. 
  • Phosphorylation of the type 1A angiotensin II receptor by G protein-coupled receptor kinases and protein kinase C. 
  • Phosphorylation of tristetraprolin, a potential zinc finger transcription factor, by mitogen stimulation in intact cells and by mitogen-activated protein kinase in vitro. 
  • Phosphorylation-independent inhibition of Cdc28p by the tyrosine kinase Swe1p in the morphogenesis checkpoint. 
  • Phylogeny of twenty Thermus isolates constructed from 16S rRNA gene sequence data. 
  • Phytochrome regulation and differential expression of gibberellin 3beta-hydroxylase genes in germinating Arabidopsis seeds. 
  • Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) modifies the formation of aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumor). 
  • Polycystic kidney disease as a result of loss of the tuberous sclerosis 2 tumor suppressor gene during development. 
  • Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting in fungi using single primers specific to minisatellites and simple repetitive DNA sequences: strain variation in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and moderators of prolactin response to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in African-American cocaine abusers and controls. 
  • Polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XRCC1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 
  • Polymorphisms of methionine synthase and methionine synthase reductase and risk of lung cancer: a case-control analysis. 
  • Polymorphisms of p21 and p27 jointly contribute to an earlier age at diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. 
  • Population genetics of tandem trypsin inhibitor genes in Arabidopsis species with contrasting ecology and life history. 
  • Positive selection on MMP3 regulation has shaped heart disease risk. 
  • Potent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication by inducible expression of HIV-1 PR multimers. 
  • Potential To Streamline Heterologous DNA Prime and NYVAC/Protein Boost HIV Vaccine Regimens in Rhesus Macaques by Employing Improved Antigens. 
  • Poxvirus genomes encode a secreted, soluble protein that preferentially inhibits beta chemokine activity yet lacks sequence homology to known chemokine receptors. 
  • Predicting the pathogenicity of RPE65 mutations. 
  • Preparation and screening of an arrayed human genomic library generated with the P1 cloning system. 
  • Presence of human papillomavirus predicts recurrence of inverted papilloma. 
  • Presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase-like intramembrane cleavage of ErbB4. 
  • Prevalence of germ-line mutations in p16, p19ARF, and CDK4 in familial melanoma: analysis of a clinic-based population. 
  • Primer-BLAST: a tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction. 
  • Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers. 
  • Primer3--new capabilities and interfaces. 
  • Priming with plasmid DNAs expressing interleukin-12 and simian immunodeficiency virus gag enhances the immunogenicity and efficacy of an experimental AIDS vaccine based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus. 
  • Processive DNA synthesis observed in a polymerase crystal suggests a mechanism for the prevention of frameshift mutations. 
  • Prolactin receptor gene expression in the fetal rat. 
  • Prostaglandin F2 alpha receptors in the human trabecular meshwork. 
  • Protection against lipoapoptosis of beta cells through leptin-dependent maintenance of Bcl-2 expression. 
  • Protein aggregation can inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis by chaperone competition. 
  • Protein kinase C and Ca2+ activation of mucin secretion in airway goblet cells. 
  • Protein kinase C zeta transactivates hypoxia-inducible factor alpha by promoting its association with p300 in renal cancer. 
  • Protein kinase activity of Tel1p and Mec1p, two Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins related to the human ATM protein kinase. 
  • Protein phosphatase 1 regulates assembly and function of the beta-catenin degradation complex. 
  • Protein-interaction modules that organize nuclear function: FF domains of CA150 bind the phosphoCTD of RNA polymerase II. 
  • Pyrimethamine and proguanil resistance-conferring mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase: polymerase chain reaction methods for surveillance in Africa. 
  • Quality of DNA extracted from mouthwashes. 
  • Quantification of alternatively spliced FGFR2 RNAs using the RNA invasive cleavage assay. 
  • Quantitative PCR-based measurement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair in mammalian cells. 
  • RGS2-deficient mice exhibit decreased intraocular pressure and increased retinal ganglion cell survival. 
  • RalA regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) synthesis in prostate cancer cells during androgen ablation. 
  • Rapamycin and less immunosuppressive analogs are toxic to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans via FKBP12-dependent inhibition of TOR. 
  • Rapid identification of pathogenic fungi directly from cultures by using multiplex PCR. 
  • Rapid, comprehensive analysis of human cytokine mRNA and its application to the study of acute renal allograft rejection. 
  • Receptors for prostaglandin E(2) that regulate cellular immune responses in the mouse. 
  • Reciprocal uniparental disomy in yeast. 
  • Recombinant polyclonal antibody libraries. 
  • Recombinant single-chain variable fragment antibodies against extracellular epitopes of human multidrug resistance protein MRP3 for targeting malignant gliomas. 
  • Recombination and gene conversion in a 170-kb genomic region of Arabidopsis thaliana. 
  • Reduced expression of brain-enriched microRNAs in glioblastomas permits targeted regulation of a cell death gene. 
  • Refined localization of the cerebral cavernous malformation gene (CCM1) to a 4-cM interval of chromosome 7q contained in a well-defined YAC contig. 
  • Refined mapping and YAC contig construction of the X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia locus (CPX) including the proximal X-Y homology breakpoint within Xq21.3. 
  • Regulated heat shock protein 27 expression in human retinal pigment epithelium. 
  • Regulation and function of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV/protein serine/threonine phosphatase 2A signaling complex. 
  • Regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase occurs through modulation of Mnk1-eIF4G interaction. 
  • Regulation of membrane targeting of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 by protein kinase A and its anchoring protein AKAP79. 
  • Regulation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta by G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5 in vascular smooth muscle cells involves the phosphatase Shp2. 
  • Regulation of the uncoupling protein gene (Ucp) by beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3-adrenergic receptor subtypes in immortalized brown adipose cell lines. 
  • Regulation of zipper-interacting protein kinase activity in vitro and in vivo by multisite phosphorylation. 
  • Regulatory interactions between the Reg1-Glc7 protein phosphatase and the Snf1 protein kinase. 
  • Repair of topoisomerase-mediated DNA damage in bacteriophage T4. 
  • Replication and compartmentalization of HIV-1 in kidney epithelium of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. 
  • Repurposing an endogenous degradation system for rapid and targeted depletion of C. elegans proteins. 
  • Requirement of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor for TGF-beta-induced proliferation and growth inhibition. 
  • Residues within a conserved amino acid motif of domains 1 and 4 of VCAM-1 are required for binding to VLA-4. 
  • Resistance to infection, early and persistent suppression of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 viremia, and significant reduction of tissue viral burden after mucosal vaccination in female rhesus macaques. 
  • Response of neurons to an irreversible inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase: relationship between global protein synthesis and expression and translation of individual genes. 
  • Retina- and ventral forebrain-specific Cre recombinase activity in transgenic mice. 
  • Reversion and T cell escape mutations compensate the fitness loss of a CD8+ T cell escape mutant in their cognate transmitted/founder virus. 
  • Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in disease of pancreatic beta cells. 
  • Role of subunit-9 of mitochondrial ATP synthase in Batten disease. 
  • Roles for inositol-phosphoryl ceramide synthase 1 (IPC1) in pathogenesis of C. neoformans. 
  • S-allele diversity in a natural population of Physalis crassifolia (Solanaceae) (ground cherry) assessed by RT-PCR. 
  • S-allele sequence diversity in natural populations of Solanum carolinense (Horsenettle). 
  • S-nitrosylation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B regulates osteopontin transcription in endotoxin-stimulated murine macrophages. 
  • Saturation mutagenesis of His114 of EcoRI reveals relaxed-specificity mutants. 
  • Scaffold-mediated lentiviral transduction for functional tissue engineering of cartilage. 
  • Scar/WAVE-1, a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, assembles an actin-associated multi-kinase scaffold. 
  • Selective mutations in cloned and expressed alpha-macroglobulin receptor binding fragment alter binding to either the alpha2-macroglobulin signaling receptor or the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha2-macroglobulin receptor. 
  • Signal sequence- and translation-independent mRNA localization to the endoplasmic reticulum. 
  • Single-nucleotide polymorphism alleles in the insulin receptor gene are associated with typical migraine. 
  • Smad3-dependent nuclear translocation of beta-catenin is required for TGF-beta1-induced proliferation of bone marrow-derived adult human mesenchymal stem cells. 
  • Sour taste responses in mice lacking PKD channels. 
  • SpA: web-accessible spectratype analysis: data management, statistical analysis and visualization. 
  • Specificity of human bactericidal antibodies against PorA P1.7,16 induced with a hexavalent meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine. 
  • Spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing as a tool for gene therapy. 
  • Spreading depression activates unfolded protein response. 
  • Stimulation of human and rat islet beta-cell proliferation with retention of function by the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6.1. 
  • Stimulation of slow skeletal muscle fiber gene expression by calcineurin in vivo. 
  • Stress affects uterine receptivity through an ovarian-independent pathway. 
  • Structure-based engineering of environmentally sensitive fluorophores for monitoring protein-protein interactions. 
  • Subglutinol A, an immunosuppressive α-pyrone diterpenoid from Fusarium subglutinans, acts as an estrogen receptor antagonist. 
  • Subsets of murine lung fibroblasts express membrane-bound and soluble IL-4 receptors. Role of IL-4 in enhancing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. 
  • Subspecific differentiation of Mycobacterium avium complex strains by automated sequencing of a region of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kilodalton heat shock protein. 
  • Successful herbivore attack due to metabolic diversion of a plant chemical defense. 
  • Suppression of NF-kappaB-dependent proinflammatory gene expression in human RPE cells by a proteasome inhibitor. 
  • Surface-enhanced Raman gene probe for HIV detection. 
  • Swe1p responds to cytoskeletal perturbation, not bud size, in S. cerevisiae. 
  • Synergistic derepression of gibberellin signaling by removing RGA and GAI function in Arabidopsis thaliana. 
  • Synthesis of 5-(1-propynyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-(alpha-P-borano)triphosphate and kinetic characterization as a substrate for mmlv reverse transcriptase. 
  • Synthesis of 5-substituted 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-(alpha-P-borano)triphosphates, their incorporationinto DNA and effects on exonuclease. 
  • Systemic administration of HVJ viral coat-liposome complex containing human insulin vector decreases glucose level in diabetic mouse: A model of gene therapy. 
  • T-Cell receptor Vbeta repertoire CDR3 length diversity differs within CD45RA and CD45RO T-cell subsets in healthy and human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. 
  • TBX5 is required for embryonic cardiac cell cycle progression. 
  • TERC is not a major gene in human neural tube defects. 
  • TOR mutations confer rapamycin resistance by preventing interaction with FKBP12-rapamycin. 
  • TP53 and RAS mutations in metachronous tumors from patients with cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. 
  • Targeted disruption of the mouse NHERF-1 gene promotes internalization of proximal tubule sodium-phosphate cotransporter type IIa and renal phosphate wasting. 
  • Targeted gene replacement demonstrates that myristoyl-CoA: protein N-myristoyltransferase is essential for viability of Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Targeting proximal tubule mitochondrial dysfunction attenuates the renal disease of methylmalonic acidemia. 
  • TbetaRIII suppresses non-small cell lung cancer invasiveness and tumorigenicity. 
  • Tcra gene recombination is supported by a Tcra enhancer- and CTCF-dependent chromatin hub. 
  • Telomere shortening in formerly abused and never abused women. 
  • Temporal and lineage-specific control of T cell receptor alpha/delta gene rearrangement by T cell receptor alpha and delta enhancers. 
  • Testis development requires the repression of Wnt4 by Fgf signaling. 
  • The 5'-untranslated region of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR2A subunit controls efficiency of translation. 
  • The G protein-coupled receptor GPR4 suppresses ERK activation in a ligand-independent manner. 
  • The GroES antigens of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. 
  • The H+-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1/SLC16A1): a potential therapeutic target for high-risk neuroblastoma. 
  • The Nkx6.1 homeodomain transcription factor suppresses glucagon expression and regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islet beta cells. 
  • The QPCR assay for analysis of mitochondrial DNA damage, repair, and relative copy number. 
  • The STE12alpha homolog is required for haploid filamentation but largely dispensable for mating and virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • The Saccharomyces cerevisiae suppressor of choline sensitivity (SCS2) gene is a multicopy Suppressor of mec1 telomeric silencing defects. 
  • The antigen for Hep Par 1 antibody is the urea cycle enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1. 
  • The bZIP transcription factor LCR-F1 is essential for mesoderm formation in mouse development. 
  • The betaretrovirus Mason-Pfizer monkey virus selectively excludes simian APOBEC3G from virion particles. 
  • The clinical significance of tenascin-C splice variant expression in chondrosarcoma. 
  • The estrogen receptor-alpha A908G (K303R) mutation occurs at a low frequency in invasive breast tumors: results from a population-based study. 
  • The gene encoding alsin, a protein with three guanine-nucleotide exchange factor domains, is mutated in a form of recessive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
  • The gene encoding the p60 subunit of chromatin assembly factor I (CAF1P60) maps to human chromosome 21q22.2, a region associated with some of the major features of Down syndrome. 
  • The genomic analysis of erythrocyte microRNA expression in sickle cell diseases. 
  • The histone methylase Set2p and the histone deacetylase Rpd3p repress meiotic recombination at the HIS4 meiotic recombination hotspot in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • The homophilic adhesion molecule sidekick-1 contributes to augmented podocyte aggregation in HIV-associated nephropathy. 
  • The impact of bcl-2 expression and bax deficiency on prostate homeostasis in vivo. 
  • The importance of Src homology 2 domain-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons sterile-alpha motif domain in thymic selection and T-cell activation. 
  • The inducibly expressed GTPase localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, independently of GTP binding. 
  • The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes. 
  • The mammalian twisted gastrulation gene functions in foregut and craniofacial development. 
  • The murine winged helix transcription factors, Foxc1 and Foxc2, are both required for cardiovascular development and somitogenesis. 
  • The nucleolar localization domain of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase. 
  • The protein expression landscape of the Arabidopsis root. 
  • The role of CCR5 and CCR2 polymorphisms in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. 
  • The winged helix transcription factor Foxc1a is essential for somitogenesis in zebrafish. 
  • The yeast HSM3 gene is not involved in DNA mismatch repair in rapidly dividing cells. 
  • The zebrafish down syndrome cell adhesion molecule is involved in cell movement during embryogenesis. 
  • Thymic model for examining BRCA2 expression and function. 
  • Tissue storage and primer selection influence pyrosequencing-based inferences of diversity and community composition of endolichenic and endophytic fungi. 
  • Transcriptional network of multiple capsule and melanin genes governed by the Cryptococcus neoformans cyclic AMP cascade. 
  • Transcriptional regulation of chitin synthases by calcineurin controls paradoxical growth of Aspergillus fumigatus in response to caspofungin. 
  • Transcriptional regulation of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene by the orphan nuclear hormone receptor apolipoprotein AI regulatory protein-1. 
  • Transfer of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes to an AIDS patient leads to selection for mutant HIV variants and subsequent disease progression. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta 1 can induce CIP1/WAF1 expression independent of the p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta activates the promoter of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B through an Sp1 consensus site. 
  • Transglutaminase 2 protects against ischemic insult, interacts with HIF1beta, and attenuates HIF1 signaling. 
  • Translational profiling of cardiomyocytes identifies an early Jak1/Stat3 injury response required for zebrafish heart regeneration. 
  • Transrectal gene therapy of the prostate in the canine model. 
  • Tree ferns: monophyletic groups and their relationships as revealed by four protein-coding plastid loci. 
  • Tumor suppressor Smad4 is a transforming growth factor beta-inducible DNA binding protein. 
  • Two amino acid residues determine 2-APB sensitivity of the ion channels TRPV3 and TRPV4. 
  • Uncoupling protein-2: a novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia. 
  • Unique oligonucleotide primers in PCR for identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Use of bioinformatic tools in primer validation. 
  • Use of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. 
  • UvsW protein regulates bacteriophage T4 origin-dependent replication by unwinding R-loops. 
  • Variant genotypes of CDKN1A and CDKN1B are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Chinese women. 
  • Variation in efficiency of DNA mismatch repair at different sites in the yeast genome. 
  • Variation in the miRNA-433 binding site of FGF20 confers risk for Parkinson disease by overexpression of alpha-synuclein. 
  • Vascular-mesenchymal cross-talk through Vegf and Pdgf drives organ patterning. 
  • Ventricular expression of a MLC-2v-ras fusion gene induces cardiac hypertrophy and selective diastolic dysfunction in transgenic mice. 
  • Whole genome analysis: experimental access to all genome sequenced segments through larger-scale efficient oligonucleotide synthesis and PCR. 
  • Wnt4 is essential to normal mammalian lung development. 
  • XPA polymorphism associated with reduced lung cancer risk and a modulating effect on nucleotide excision repair capacity. 
  • Y+ and y+ L arginine transporters in neuronal cells expressing tyrosine hydroxylase. 
  • Yantar, a conserved arginine-rich protein is involved in Drosophila hemocyte development. 
  • Yeast RSP5 and its human homolog hRPF1 potentiate hormone-dependent activation of transcription by human progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors. 
  • Yeast microarrays for genome wide parallel genetic and gene expression analysis. 
  • Zebrafish sparse corresponds to an orthologue of c-kit and is required for the morphogenesis of a subpopulation of melanocytes, but is not essential for hematopoiesis or primordial germ cell development. 
  • c-Myc creates an activation loop by transcriptionally repressing its own functional inhibitor, hMad4, in young fibroblasts, a loop lost in replicatively senescent fibroblasts. 
  • p135tyk2, an interferon-alpha-activated tyrosine kinase, is physically associated with an interferon-alpha receptor. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Bennett, Vann, George B. Geller Professor for Research in Molecular Biology in the School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Berchuck, Andrew, James M. Ingram Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology
  • Buckley, Rebecca Hatcher, James Buren Sidbury Professor of Pediatrics, in the School of Medicine, Immunology
  • Halabi, Susan, Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., George Barth Geller Professor, Cell Biology
  • McDonnell, Donald Patrick, Chair, Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
  • Shinohara, Mari L., Associate Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Taylor, Gregory Alan, Associate Professor in Medicine, Immunology
  • Weinhold, Kent James, Joseph W. and Dorothy W. Beard Professor of Experimental Surgery, in the School of Medicine, Immunology
  • Wray, Gregory Allan, Professor of Biology, Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Yan, Hai, Henry S. Friedman Professor of Neuro-Oncology in the School of Medicine, Pathology
  • Zhang, Zhiquan, Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology