Mice, Knockout

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • "Model" behavior. 
  • "To learn, you must pay attention." Molecular insights into teachers' wisdom. 
  • 4D MRI of polycystic kidneys from rapamycin-treated Glis3-deficient mice. 
  • 5,6-EET is released upon neuronal activity and induces mechanical pain hypersensitivity via TRPA1 on central afferent terminals. 
  • 7, 8-Dihydroxyflavone induces synapse expression of AMPA GluA1 and ameliorates cognitive and spine abnormalities in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. 
  • A CD19-dependent signaling pathway regulates autoimmunity in Lyn-deficient mice. 
  • A CRISPR-Cas system enhances envelope integrity mediating antibiotic resistance and inflammasome evasion. 
  • A RIPK3-caspase 8 complex mediates atypical pro-IL-1β processing. 
  • A T cell intrinsic role of Id3 in a mouse model for primary Sjogren's syndrome. 
  • A WAVE-1 and WRP signaling complex regulates spine density, synaptic plasticity, and memory. 
  • A balance between B cell receptor and inhibitory receptor signaling controls plasma cell differentiation by maintaining optimal Ets1 levels. 
  • A barrier-type insulator forms a boundary between active and inactive chromatin at the murine TCRβ locus. 
  • A beta-arrestin 2 signaling complex mediates lithium action on behavior. 
  • A beta-arrestin-biased agonist of the parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) promotes bone formation independent of G protein activation. 
  • A beta-blocker, propranolol, decreases the efficacy from enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease. 
  • A c-Myc and surface CD19 signaling amplification loop promotes B cell lymphoma development and progression in mice. 
  • A cell-intrinsic role for Mst1 in regulating thymocyte egress. 
  • A cell-specific nuclear receptor is essential for adrenal and gonadal development and sexual differentiation. 
  • A cell-specific nuclear receptor plays essential roles in adrenal and gonadal development. 
  • A central role for S-nitrosylation in apoptosis. 
  • A common ankyrin-G-based mechanism retains KCNQ and NaV channels at electrically active domains of the axon. 
  • A conserved Pbx-Wnt-p63-Irf6 regulatory module controls face morphogenesis by promoting epithelial apoptosis. 
  • A critical role for ChREBP-mediated FGF21 secretion in hepatic fructose metabolism. 
  • A critical role for chloride channel-3 (CIC-3) in smooth muscle cell activation and neointima formation. 
  • A critical role for the autophagy gene Atg5 in T cell survival and proliferation. 
  • A crucial role of L-selectin in C protein-induced experimental polymyositis in mice. 
  • A cytokine cocktail directly modulates the phenotype of DC-enriched anti-tumor T cells to convey potent anti-tumor activities in a murine model. 
  • A dopamine D1 receptor-dependent β-arrestin signaling complex potentially regulates morphine-induced psychomotor activation but not reward in mice. 
  • A dynamic dual role of IL-2 signaling in the two-step differentiation process of adaptive regulatory T cells. 
  • A functional role for circulating mouse L-selectin in regulating leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions in vivo. 
  • A genome-wide association study for myopia and refractive error identifies a susceptibility locus at 15q25. 
  • A greater role for the norepinephrine transporter than the serotonin transporter in murine nociception. 
  • A hierarchy of ankyrin-spectrin complexes clusters sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier. 
  • A lymphotoxin-IFN-beta axis essential for lymphocyte survival revealed during cytomegalovirus infection. 
  • A major role for the EP4 receptor in regulation of renin. 
  • A mechanism-based antioxidant approach for the reduction of skin carcinogenesis. 
  • A membrane-associated progesterone-binding protein, 25-Dx, is regulated by progesterone in brain regions involved in female reproductive behaviors. 
  • A mouse model of adult-onset anaemia due to erythropoietin deficiency. 
  • A mouse model of familial porphyria cutanea tarda. 
  • A murine model of hyperdopaminergic state displays altered respiratory control. 
  • A new activating role for CO in cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis. 
  • A new kinetic framework for synaptic vesicle trafficking tested in synapsin knock-outs. 
  • A novel ChREBP isoform in adipose tissue regulates systemic glucose metabolism. 
  • A novel mouse model of cerebral cavernous malformations based on the two-hit mutation hypothesis recapitulates the human disease. 
  • A novel role for HEB downstream or parallel to the pre-TCR signaling pathway during alpha beta thymopoiesis. 
  • A novel role for type 1 angiotensin receptors on T lymphocytes to limit target organ damage in hypertension. 
  • A possible mechanism for exonuclease 1-independent eukaryotic mismatch repair. 
  • A role for AQP5 in activation of TRPV4 by hypotonicity: concerted involvement of AQP5 and TRPV4 in regulation of cell volume recovery. 
  • A role for CD21/CD35 and CD19 in responses to acute septic peritonitis: a potential mechanism for mast cell activation. 
  • A role for E2F activities in determining the fate of Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. 
  • A role for MAPK in feedback inhibition of Tcrb recombination. 
  • A role for P-glycoprotein in environmental toxicology. 
  • A role for TREK1 in generating the slow afterhyperpolarization in developing starburst amacrine cells. 
  • A role for angiotensin II type 1 receptors on bone marrow-derived cells in the pathogenesis of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. 
  • A role for c-FLIP(L) in the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis in T lymphocytes. 
  • A role for cFLIP in B cell proliferation and stress MAPK regulation. 
  • A role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 in the control of mitochondrial dynamics during postnatal cardiac growth. 
  • A role for transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 in tonicity-induced neurogenic inflammation. 
  • A role for tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 and receptor-interacting protein in programmed necrosis and antiviral responses. 
  • A role of matrix metalloproteinase-8 in atherosclerosis. 
  • A sensory neuronal ion channel essential for airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in asthma. 
  • A shared vision. 
  • A spatially and temporally restricted mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma. 
  • A tenascin knockout with a phenotype. 
  • A toll-like receptor 2 pathway regulates the Ppargc1a/b metabolic co-activators in mice with Staphylococcal aureus sepsis. 
  • A transition zone complex regulates mammalian ciliogenesis and ciliary membrane composition. 
  • A two-phase innate host response to alphavirus infection identified by mRNP-tagging in vivo. 
  • A validated regulatory network for Th17 cell specification. 
  • A20 protects mice from lethal liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha expression. 
  • AAV vector-mediated reversal of hypoglycemia in canine and murine glycogen storage disease type Ia. 
  • ABCB5 is a limbal stem cell gene required for corneal development and repair. 
  • ABI2-deficient mice exhibit defective cell migration, aberrant dendritic spine morphogenesis, and deficits in learning and memory. 
  • ACE and ACE2 activity in diabetic mice. 
  • ADAM10 is essential for proteolytic activation of Notch during thymocyte development. 
  • ADAMTS metalloproteases generate active versican fragments that regulate interdigital web regression. 
  • ALK5 phosphorylation of the endoglin cytoplasmic domain regulates Smad1/5/8 signaling and endothelial cell migration. 
  • AMH induces mesonephric cell migration in XX gonads. 
  • ANGPTL3 Deficiency and Protection Against Coronary Artery Disease. 
  • APOE genotype-specific differences in human and mouse macrophage nitric oxide production. 
  • APOE genotype-specific differences in the innate immune response. 
  • AT2 receptor and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in vascular development. 
  • ATM functions at the peroxisome to induce pexophagy in response to ROS. 
  • ATM-dependent suppression of stress signaling reduces vascular disease in metabolic syndrome. 
  • Aberrant production of IL-13 by T cells promotes exocrinopathy in Id3 knockout mice. 
  • Aberrant responses in social interaction of dopamine transporter knockout mice. 
  • Abi3bp is a multifunctional autocrine/paracrine factor that regulates mesenchymal stem cell biology. 
  • Abi3bp regulates cardiac progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. 
  • Abl family kinases regulate endothelial barrier function in vitro and in mice. 
  • Abl kinases regulate actin comet tail elongation via an N-WASP-dependent pathway. 
  • Abl tyrosine kinases are required for infection by Shigella flexneri. 
  • Abl-interactor-1 (Abi1) has a role in cardiovascular and placental development and is a binding partner of the alpha4 integrin. 
  • Ablation of Sirtuin5 in the postnatal mouse heart results in protein succinylation and normal survival in response to chronic pressure overload. 
  • Ablation of c-FLIP in hepatocytes enhances death-receptor mediated apoptosis and toxic liver injury in vivo. 
  • Abnormal cardiac Na(+) channel properties and QT heart rate adaptation in neonatal ankyrin(B) knockout mice. 
  • Abnormal degradation of the neuronal stress-protective transcription factor HSF1 in Huntington's disease. 
  • Abnormal joint and bone wound healing in hemophilia mice is improved by extending factor IX activity after hemarthrosis. 
  • Abnormal mouse lung alveolarization caused by Smad3 deficiency is a developmental antecedent of centrilobular emphysema. 
  • Abrogation of adenosine A1 receptor signalling improves metabolic regulation in mice by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. 
  • Absence of carboxypeptidase E leads to adult hippocampal neuronal degeneration and memory deficits. 
  • Absence of the RGS9.Gbeta5 GTPase-activating complex in photoreceptors of the R9AP knockout mouse. 
  • Absence of the SRC-2 coactivator results in a glycogenopathy resembling Von Gierke's disease. 
  • Absence of tubuloglomerular feedback responses in AT1A receptor-deficient mice. 
  • Accelerated neurodegeneration through chaperone-mediated oligomerization of tau. 
  • Accessory subunit KChIP2 modulates the cardiac L-type calcium current. 
  • Accumulation of Ubiquitin and Sequestosome-1 Implicate Protein Damage in Diacetyl-Induced Cytotoxicity. 
  • Acquisition of response thresholds for timed performance is regulated by a calcium-responsive transcription factor, CaRF. 
  • Activation of Cardiac Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Causes Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. 
  • Activation of NADPH oxidase 1 increases intracellular calcium and migration of smooth muscle cells. 
  • Activation of the murine EP3 receptor for PGE2 inhibits cAMP production and promotes platelet aggregation. 
  • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and activity in the absence of germinal centers: insights into hyper-IgM syndrome. 
  • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase mediates central tolerance in B cells. 
  • Activity-dependent expression of ELAV/Hu RBPs and neuronal mRNAs in seizure and cocaine brain. 
  • Acute morphine activates satellite glial cells and up-regulates IL-1β in dorsal root ganglia in mice via matrix metalloprotease-9. 
  • Adam10 is essential for early embryonic cardiovascular development. 
  • Adaptive Activation of a Stress Response Pathway Improves Learning and Memory Through Gs and β-Arrestin-1-Regulated Lactate Metabolism. 
  • Adaptive mechanisms that preserve cardiac function in mice without myoglobin. 
  • Adenoviral expression of NHERF-1 in NHERF-1 null mouse renal proximal tubule cells restores Npt2a regulation by low phosphate media and parathyroid hormone. 
  • Adenovirus capsid-display of the retro-oriented human complement inhibitor DAF reduces Ad vector-triggered immune responses in vitro and in vivo. 
  • Adenovirus infection triggers a rapid, MyD88-regulated transcriptome response critical to acute-phase and adaptive immune responses in vivo. 
  • Adenylate cyclase 7 is implicated in the biology of depression and modulation of affective neural circuitry. 
  • Adipose acyl-CoA synthetase-1 directs fatty acids toward beta-oxidation and is required for cold thermogenesis. 
  • Adipose tissue branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism modulates circulating BCAA levels. 
  • Adipose-specific deletion of TFAM increases mitochondrial oxidation and protects mice against obesity and insulin resistance. 
  • Adjunctive β2-agonist treatment reduces glycogen independently of receptor-mediated acid α-glucosidase uptake in the limb muscles of mice with Pompe disease. 
  • Adjunctive β2-agonists reverse neuromuscular involvement in murine Pompe disease. 
  • Adoptively transferred ex vivo expanded gammadelta-T cells mediate in vivo antitumor activity in preclinical mouse models of breast cancer. 
  • Adrenoceptors, uncoupling proteins, and energy expenditure. 
  • Advanced glycation end-product of low density lipoprotein activates the toll-like 4 receptor pathway implications for diabetic atherosclerosis. 
  • Age-dependent retinal iron accumulation and degeneration in hepcidin knockout mice. 
  • Age-related changes in the cellular composition and epithelial organization of the mouse trachea. 
  • Age-related declines in α-Klotho drive progenitor cell mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired muscle regeneration. 
  • Aging-related atherosclerosis is exacerbated by arterial expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-1: evidence from mouse models and human association studies. 
  • Airway smooth muscle relaxation is impaired in mice lacking the p47phox subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase. 
  • Akkermansia muciniphila mediates negative effects of IFNγ on glucose metabolism. 
  • Akt is required for Stat5 activation and mammary differentiation. 
  • Akt1 and Akt2 promote peripheral B-cell maturation and survival. 
  • Aldosterone, ion channels, and sudden death: another piece of the circle? 
  • Aldosterone-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Endothelial Dysfunction Require Functional Angiotensin Type 1a Receptors. 
  • Aldosterone-induced activation of signaling pathways requires activity of angiotensin type 1a receptors. 
  • Aligning animal models with clinical epilepsy: where to begin? 
  • Allele-specific regulation of TCR beta variable gene segment chromatin structure. 
  • Allelic exclusion of the TCR alpha-chain is an active process requiring TCR-mediated signaling and c-Cbl. 
  • Allergic lung responses are increased in prostaglandin H synthase-deficient mice. 
  • Allogeneic splenocyte transfer and lipopolysaccharide inhalations induce differential T cell expansion and lung injury: a novel model of pulmonary graft-versus-host disease. 
  • Alpha 2-macroglobulin binds CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and enhances their immunostimulatory properties by a receptor-dependent mechanism. 
  • Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone is a peripheral, integrative regulator of glucose and fat metabolism. 
  • Alterations in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling predisposes middle-aged mice to diet-induced insulin resistance. 
  • Altered T-dependent antigen responses and development of autoimmune symptoms in mice lacking E2A in T lymphocytes. 
  • Altered Twist1 and Hand2 dimerization is associated with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and limb abnormalities. 
  • Altered airway and cardiac responses in mice lacking G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3. 
  • Altered blood pressure responses and normal cardiac phenotype in ACE2-null mice. 
  • Altered immune responses in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. 
  • Altered inflammatory responses in leukotriene-deficient mice. 
  • Altered lung gene expression in CCSP-null mice suggests immunoregulatory roles for Clara cells. 
  • Altered mGluR5-Homer scaffolds and corticostriatal connectivity in a Shank3 complete knockout model of autism. 
  • Altered morphology of hippocampal dentate granule cell presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals following conditional deletion of TrkB. 
  • Altered regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in hippocampus following slice preparation. 
  • Altered trabecular bone structure and delayed cartilage degeneration in the knees of collagen VI null mice. 
  • Altered urinary bladder function in mice lacking the vanilloid receptor TRPV1. 
  • Altered wound healing in mice lacking a functional osteopontin gene (spp1). 
  • Alveolar proteinosis: a disease of mice and men. 
  • Amelioration of inflammatory arthritis by targeting the pre-ligand assembly domain of tumor necrosis factor receptors. 
  • Amyloid-β oligomers induce synaptic damage via Tau-dependent microtubule severing by TTLL6 and spastin. 
  • An Akt/beta-arrestin 2/PP2A signaling complex mediates dopaminergic neurotransmission and behavior. 
  • An Ectopic CTCF Binding Element Inhibits Tcrd Rearrangement by Limiting Contact between Vδ and Dδ Gene Segments. 
  • An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development. 
  • An HMGA2-IGF2BP2 axis regulates myoblast proliferation and myogenesis. 
  • An Hfe-dependent pathway mediates hyposideremia in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mice. 
  • An L-selectin ligand distinct from P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is expressed on endothelial cells and promotes neutrophil rolling in inflammation. 
  • An aberrant SREBP-dependent lipogenic program promotes metastatic prostate cancer. 
  • An alternative and effective HIV vaccination approach based on inhibition of antigen presentation attenuators in dendritic cells. 
  • An animal model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 
  • An anti-silencer- and SATB1-dependent chromatin hub regulates Rag1 and Rag2 gene expression during thymocyte development. 
  • An endogenous positively selecting peptide enhances mature T cell responses and becomes an autoantigen in the absence of microRNA miR-181a. 
  • An engineered vascular endothelial growth factor-activating transcription factor induces therapeutic angiogenesis in ApoE knockout mice with hindlimb ischemia. 
  • An essential function for the calcium-promoted Ras inactivator in Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. 
  • An essential role for Prox1 in the induction of the lymphatic endothelial cell phenotype. 
  • An essential role for RasGRP1 in mast cell function and IgE-mediated allergic response. 
  • An essential role for c-FLIP in the efficient development of mature T lymphocytes. 
  • An essential role for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in nitroglycerin bioactivation. 
  • An immunoglobulin C kappa-reactive single chain antibody fusion protein induces tolerance through receptor editing in a normal polyclonal immune system. 
  • An important role of phospholipase Cgamma1 in pre-B-cell development and allelic exclusion. 
  • An interaction between L-prostaglandin D synthase and arrestin increases PGD2 production. 
  • An interferon-β-resistant and NLRP3 inflammasome-independent subtype of EAE with neuronal damage. 
  • An intracellular role for ABCG1-mediated cholesterol transport in the regulated secretory pathway of mouse pancreatic beta cells. 
  • Analysis of human innate immune responses to PRINT fabricated nanoparticles with cross validation using a humanized mouse model. 
  • Analysis of the role of E2A-encoded proteins in insulin gene transcription. 
  • Angiopoietin receptor TEK mutations underlie primary congenital glaucoma with variable expressivity. 
  • Angiopoietin-1 is required for Schlemm's canal development in mice and humans. 
  • Angiopoietin-1 promotes atherosclerosis by increasing the proportion of circulating Gr1+ monocytes. 
  • Angiopoietin-2 confers Atheroprotection in apoE-/- mice by inhibiting LDL oxidation via nitric oxide. 
  • Angiotensin AT1B receptor mediates calcium signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells of AT1A receptor-deficient mice. 
  • Angiotensin II causes hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through its receptors in the kidney. 
  • Angiotensin II mobilizes spleen monocytes to promote the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm in Apoe-/- mice. 
  • Angiotensin II promotes development of the renal microcirculation through AT1 receptors. 
  • Angiotensin II responses in AT1A receptor-deficient mice: a role for AT1B receptors in blood pressure regulation. 
  • Angiotensin II stimulates canonical TGF-β signaling pathway through angiotensin type 1 receptor to induce granulation tissue contraction. 
  • Angiotensin II synergizes with BAFF to promote atheroprotective regulatory B cells. 
  • Angiotensin II: an immune costimulator? 
  • Angiotensin type 1A receptors in C1 neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla modulate the pressor response to aversive stress. 
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 decreases formation and severity of angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms. 
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency in whole body or bone marrow-derived cells increases atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-/- mice. 
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency is associated with impaired gestational weight gain and fetal growth restriction. 
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene targeting studies in mice: mixed messages. 
  • Angiotensinogen gene null-mutant mice lack homeostatic regulation of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. 
  • Animal models in the research of abdominal aortic aneurysms development. 
  • Animal models of depression in dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transporter knockout mice: prominent effects of dopamine transporter deletions. 
  • Animals lacking endothelin-converting enzyme-2 are deficient in learning and memory. 
  • Ank3-dependent SVZ niche assembly is required for the continued production of new neurons. 
  • Ankyrin-B directs membrane tethering of periaxin and is required for maintenance of lens fiber cell hexagonal shape and mechanics. 
  • Ankyrin-G coordinates assembly of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton, voltage-gated sodium channels, and L1 CAMs at Purkinje neuron initial segments. 
  • Ankyrin-G regulated epithelial phenotype is required for mouse lens morphogenesis and growth. 
  • AnkyrinG is required for clustering of voltage-gated Na channels at axon initial segments and for normal action potential firing. 
  • AnkyrinG is required to maintain axo-dendritic polarity in vivo. 
  • Ankyrins. 
  • Antagonism of AT2 receptors augments angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms and atherosclerosis. 
  • Antagonism of SET using OP449 enhances the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and overcomes drug resistance in myeloid leukemia. 
  • Anti-amyloid therapy protects against retinal pigmented epithelium damage and vision loss in a model of age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Antibody formation and mannose-6-phosphate receptor expression impact the efficacy of muscle-specific transgene expression in murine Pompe disease. 
  • Antibody is critical for the clearance of murine norovirus infection. 
  • Antibody-mediated enzyme replacement therapy targeting both lysosomal and cytoplasmic glycogen in Pompe disease. 
  • Anxiety-like behaviors in mice lacking GIT2. 
  • ApoB-48 and apoB-100 differentially influence the expression of type-III hyperlipoproteinemia in APOE*2 mice. 
  • ApoE isoform-specific effects on LTP: blockade by oligomeric amyloid-beta1-42. 
  • ApoE4 markedly exacerbates tau-mediated neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy. 
  • ApoER2 function in the establishment and maintenance of retinal synaptic connectivity. 
  • Apolipoprotein E COG 133 mimetic peptide improves 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis. 
  • Apolipoprotein E and Reelin ligands modulate tau phosphorylation through an apolipoprotein E receptor/disabled-1/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta cascade. 
  • Apolipoprotein E deficiency worsens outcome from global cerebral ischemia in the mouse. 
  • Apolipoprotein E expression and behavioral toxicity of high charge, high energy (HZE) particle radiation. 
  • Apolipoprotein E isoform mediated regulation of nitric oxide release. 
  • Apolipoprotein E modifies the CNS response to injury via a histamine-mediated pathway. 
  • Apolipoprotein E plays a key role against cryptosporidial infection in transgenic undernourished mice. 
  • Apolipoprotein E-low density lipoprotein receptor interaction affects spatial memory retention and brain ApoE levels in an isoform-dependent manner. 
  • Apolipoprotein E4 Impairs Neuronal Insulin Signaling by Trapping Insulin Receptor in the Endosomes. 
  • Apolipoproteins and apolipoprotein mimetic peptides modulate phagocyte trafficking through chemotactic activity. 
  • Apoptotic Debris Accumulates on Hematopoietic Cells and Promotes Disease in Murine and Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. 
  • Aquaporin 9 is the major pathway for glycerol uptake by mouse erythrocytes, with implications for malarial virulence. 
  • Aquaporin-4-dependent glymphatic solute transport in the rodent brain. 
  • Arginase1 Deficiency in Monocytes/Macrophages Upregulates Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase To Promote Cutaneous Contact Hypersensitivity. 
  • Arrestin translocation is induced at a critical threshold of visual signaling and is superstoichiometric to bleached rhodopsin. 
  • Arrestin-biased AT1R agonism induces acute catecholamine secretion through TRPC3 coupling. 
  • Arterial response to shear stress critically depends on endothelial TRPV4 expression. 
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency causes dysregulated cellular matrix metabolism and age-related macular degeneration-like pathology. 
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor knock-out exacerbates choroidal neovascularization via multiple pathogenic pathways. 
  • Assembling the pieces. 
  • Astrocyte glutamate transporters regulate metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated excitation of hippocampal interneurons. 
  • Astrocytes Assemble Thalamocortical Synapses by Bridging NRX1α and NL1 via Hevin. 
  • Astrocytic CX43 hemichannels and gap junctions play a crucial role in development of chronic neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. 
  • Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and p53 are potential mediators of chloroquine-induced resistance to mammary carcinogenesis. 
  • Atomic description of the immune complex involved in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 
  • Attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin type 1a receptor deficient mice. 
  • Attenuation of acid induced oesophagitis in VR-1 deficient mice. 
  • Attenuation of store-operated Ca2+ current impairs salivary gland fluid secretion in TRPC1(-/-) mice. 
  • Atypical antipsychotics clozapine and quetiapine attenuate prepulse inhibition deficits in dopamine transporter knockout mice. 
  • Augmented Responses to Ozone in Obese Mice Require IL-17A and Gastrin-Releasing Peptide. 
  • Autocrine Complement Inhibits IL10-Dependent T-cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity to Promote Tumor Progression. 
  • Autophagy enhances NFκB activity in specific tissue macrophages by sequestering A20 to boost antifungal immunity. 
  • Autophagy is redundant for the host defense against systemic Candida albicans infections. 
  • Autophagy links inflammasomes to atherosclerotic progression. 
  • Autophagy regulates endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and calcium mobilization in T lymphocytes. 
  • Autophosphorylation of CaMKK2 generates autonomous activity that is disrupted by a T85S mutation linked to anxiety and bipolar disorder. 
  • Axin2 regulates chondrocyte maturation and axial skeletal development. 
  • Axonal regrowth after spinal cord injury via chondroitinase and the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasmin system. 
  • B cell antigen receptor and CD40 differentially regulate CD22 tyrosine phosphorylation. 
  • B cell antigen receptor endocytosis and antigen presentation to T cells require Vav and dynamin. 
  • B cell depletion reduces the development of atherosclerosis in mice. 
  • B cell maintenance of subcapsular sinus macrophages protects against a fatal viral infection independent of adaptive immunity. 
  • B cells promote insulin resistance through modulation of T cells and production of pathogenic IgG antibodies. 
  • B lymphocyte depletion by CD20 monoclonal antibody prevents diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice despite isotype-specific differences in Fc gamma R effector functions. 
  • B-lymphocyte depletion ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome in Id3 knockout mice. 
  • B-lymphocyte depletion reduces skin fibrosis and autoimmunity in the tight-skin mouse model for systemic sclerosis. 
  • B-lymphocyte development is regulated by the combined dosage of three basic helix-loop-helix genes, E2A, E2-2, and HEB. 
  • BCL2 inhibits cell adhesion, spreading, and motility by enhancing actin polymerization. 
  • BDNF-mediated cerebellar granule cell development is impaired in mice null for CaMKK2 or CaMKIV. 
  • BMP receptor IA is required in mammalian neural crest cells for development of the cardiac outflow tract and ventricular myocardium. 
  • BMP2, but not BMP4, is crucial for chondrocyte proliferation and maturation during endochondral bone development. 
  • Balance of Irgm protein activities determines IFN-gamma-induced host defense. 
  • Basal B cell receptor-directed phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling turns off RAGs and promotes B cell-positive selection. 
  • Bcl-xL is an oncogenic driver in colorectal cancer. 
  • Behavioral characterization of P311 knockout mice. 
  • Behavioral responses to social stress in noradrenaline transporter knockout mice: effects on social behavior and depression. 
  • Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice. 
  • Beta-adrenergic axis and heart disease. 
  • Beta-arrestin 2 mediates endocytosis of type III TGF-beta receptor and down-regulation of its signaling. 
  • Beta-arrestin1 mediates insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and anti-apoptosis. 
  • Beta-arrestins regulate atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia by controlling smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. 
  • Beta-arrestins specifically constrain beta2-adrenergic receptor signaling and function in airway smooth muscle. 
  • Beta-catenin regulates wound size and mediates the effect of TGF-beta in cutaneous healing. 
  • Beta1-adrenergic receptors maintain fetal heart rate and survival. 
  • Beta1-adrenergic receptors stimulate cardiac contractility and CaMKII activation in vivo and enhance cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction. 
  • Bezafibrate induces autophagy and improves hepatic lipid metabolism in glycogen storage disease type Ia. 
  • Biochemical and immunological abnormalities in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficient mice. 
  • Biological and biochemical consequences of global deletion of exon 3 from the ER alpha gene. 
  • Blocking CCR7 at the ocular surface impairs the pathogenic contribution of dendritic cells in allergic conjunctivitis. 
  • Blocking the interaction between apolipoprotein E and Aβ reduces intraneuronal accumulation of Aβ and inhibits synaptic degeneration. 
  • Blood pressure homeostasis is maintained by a P311-TGF-β axis. 
  • Blood-derived inflammatory dendritic cells in lymph nodes stimulate acute T helper type 1 immune responses. 
  • Bmp4 is essential for the formation of the vestibular apparatus that detects angular head movements. 
  • Bmp4 is required for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. 
  • Bmp6 regulates retinal iron homeostasis and has altered expression in age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Body weight and fat deposition in prolactin receptor-deficient mice. 
  • Bombesin inhibits alveolarization and promotes pulmonary fibrosis in newborn mice. 
  • Bone histomorphometric and biomechanical abnormalities in mice homozygous for deletion of the dopamine transporter gene. 
  • Bone marrow chimeras and c-fms conditional ablation (Mafia) mice reveal an essential role for resident myeloid cells in lipopolysaccharide/TLR4-induced corneal inflammation. 
  • Bone marrow dendritic cell-mediated regulation of TLR and B cell receptor signaling in B cells. 
  • Bone marrow transplantation augments the effect of brain- and spinal cord-directed adeno-associated virus 2/5 gene therapy by altering inflammation in the murine model of globoid-cell leukodystrophy. 
  • Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates the budding site and elongation of the mouse ureter. 
  • Bone morphogenetic protein 8A plays a role in the maintenance of spermatogenesis and the integrity of the epididymis. 
  • Both NK cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic STAT1 signaling are required for NK cell response against vaccinia virus. 
  • Both hematopoietic-derived and non-hematopoietic-derived {beta}-arrestin-2 regulates murine allergic airway disease. 
  • Bradykinin produces pain hypersensitivity by potentiating spinal cord glutamatergic synaptic transmission. 
  • Brain region-specific disruption of Shank3 in mice reveals a dissociation for cortical and striatal circuits in autism-related behaviors. 
  • Brain-specific carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1c: role in CNS fatty acid metabolism, food intake, and body weight. 
  • C-C Motif Chemokine 5 Attenuates Angiotensin II-Dependent Kidney Injury by Limiting Renal Macrophage Infiltration. 
  • C-myc-induced apoptosis in polycystic kidney disease is Bcl-2 and p53 independent. 
  • CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta deletion reduces adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and diabetes in Lepr(db/db) mice. 
  • CCR2 deficiency, dysregulation of Notch signaling, and spontaneous pulmonary arterial hypertension. 
  • CCR2+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells and exudate macrophages produce influenza-induced pulmonary immune pathology and mortality. 
  • CD11c(+)B220(+)Gr-1(+) cells in mouse lymph nodes and spleen display characteristics of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. 
  • CD19 can regulate B lymphocyte signal transduction independent of complement activation. 
  • CD19 expression in B cells is important for suppression of contact hypersensitivity. 
  • CD19 expression in B cells regulates atopic dermatitis in a mouse model. 
  • CD19 expression levels regulate B lymphocyte development: human CD19 restores normal function in mice lacking endogenous CD19. 
  • CD19 regulates innate immunity by the toll-like receptor RP105 signaling in B lymphocytes. 
  • CD19 regulates skin and lung fibrosis via Toll-like receptor signaling in a model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. 
  • CD19, CD21, and CD22: multifaceted response regulators of B lymphocyte signal transduction. 
  • CD21/35 promotes protective immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae through a complement-independent but CD19-dependent pathway that regulates PD-1 expression. 
  • CD22 expression mediates the regulatory functions of peritoneal B-1a cells during the remission phase of contact hypersensitivity reactions. 
  • CD22 forms a quaternary complex with SHIP, Grb2, and Shc. A pathway for regulation of B lymphocyte antigen receptor-induced calcium flux. 
  • CD22 serves as a receptor for soluble IgM. 
  • CD28 is required for germinal center formation. 
  • CD36-dependent signaling mediates fatty acid-induced gut release of secretin and cholecystokinin. 
  • CD7 and CD28 are required for murine CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell homeostasis and prevention of thyroiditis. 
  • CD83 expression influences CD4+ T cell development in the thymus. 
  • CD83 expression is a sensitive marker of activation required for B cell and CD4+ T cell longevity in vivo. 
  • CD86 (B7-2) can function to drive MHC-restricted antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo. 
  • CHD7 targets active gene enhancer elements to modulate ES cell-specific gene expression. 
  • CHMP5 is essential for late endosome function and down-regulation of receptor signaling during mouse embryogenesis. 
  • CLN3p impacts galactosylceramide transport, raft morphology, and lipid content. 
  • CNS myelin wrapping is driven by actin disassembly. 
  • CX3CR1 deficiency accelerates the development of retinopathy in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes. 
  • CX3CR1 deficiency impairs dendritic cell accumulation in arterial intima and reduces atherosclerotic burden. 
  • CXCL13 drives spinal astrocyte activation and neuropathic pain via CXCR5. 
  • CYP2E1-dependent and leptin-mediated hepatic CD57 expression on CD8+ T cells aid progression of environment-linked nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Ca2+ entry via alpha1G and TRPV4 channels differentially regulates surface expression of P-selectin and barrier integrity in pulmonary capillary endothelium. 
  • CaMKK2 in myeloid cells is a key regulator of the immune-suppressive microenvironment in breast cancer. 
  • Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell regeneration. 
  • Calmodulin-dependent kinase IV links Toll-like receptor 4 signaling with survival pathway of activated dendritic cells. 
  • Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV regulates hematopoietic stem cell maintenance. 
  • Calorie restriction reduces oxidative stress by SIRT3-mediated SOD2 activation. 
  • Carbonic anhydrase-8 regulates inflammatory pain by inhibiting the ITPR1-cytosolic free calcium pathway. 
  • Carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis is accelerated in Smad3 heterozygous mice compared to Smad3 wild type mice. 
  • Cardiac copper deficiency activates a systemic signaling mechanism that communicates with the copper acquisition and storage organs. 
  • Cardiac function in genetically engineered mice with altered adrenergic receptor signaling. 
  • Cardiac micro-computed tomography for morphological and functional phenotyping of muscle LIM protein null mice. 
  • Cardiac phenotype and angiotensin II levels in AT1a, AT1b, and AT2 receptor single, double, and triple knockouts. 
  • Cardiac-specific LIM protein FHL2 modifies the hypertrophic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. 
  • Cardiovascular phenotype of mice lacking all three subtypes of angiotensin II receptors. 
  • Cartilage-Specific Knockout of the Mechanosensory Ion Channel TRPV4 Decreases Age-Related Osteoarthritis. 
  • Caspase-2 promotes obesity, the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 
  • Caspase-8 and RIP kinases regulate bacteria-induced innate immune responses and cell death. 
  • Caspase-cleavage of tau is an early event in Alzheimer disease tangle pathology. 
  • Caspase-cleavage of tau is an early event in Alzheimer disease tangle pathology. 
  • Catabolic Defect of Branched-Chain Amino Acids Promotes Heart Failure. 
  • Catecholamine release and uptake in the mouse prefrontal cortex. 
  • Catecholamine synthesis is mediated by tyrosinase in the absence of tyrosine hydroxylase. 
  • Catecholamines act via a beta-adrenergic receptor to maintain fetal heart rate and survival. 
  • Cathepsin Protease Controls Copper and Cisplatin Accumulation via Cleavage of the Ctr1 Metal-binding Ectodomain. 
  • Cathepsin S causes inflammatory pain via biased agonism of PAR2 and TRPV4. 
  • Caveolin-1 modulates intraocular pressure: implications for caveolae mechanoprotection in glaucoma. 
  • Cell adhesion molecules regulate fibrotic process via Th1/Th2/Th17 cell balance in a bleomycin-induced scleroderma model. 
  • Cell therapy in murine atherosclerosis: in vivo imaging with high-resolution helical SPECT. 
  • Cell-autonomous adiposity through increased cell surface GLUT4 due to ankyrin-B deficiency. 
  • Cellular FLIP Inhibits Myeloid Cell Activation by Suppressing Selective Innate Signaling. 
  • Cellular and functional defects in a mouse model of heart failure. 
  • Central memory self/tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells confer superior antitumor immunity compared with effector memory T cells. 
  • Central nervous system imprinting of the G protein G(s)alpha and its role in metabolic regulation. 
  • Central tolerance regulates B cells reactive with Goodpasture antigen alpha3(IV)NC1 collagen. 
  • Cerebellar defects in Ca2+/calmodulin kinase IV-deficient mice. 
  • Ceruloplasmin/hephaestin knockout mice model morphologic and molecular features of AMD. 
  • ChREBP regulates fructose-induced glucose production independently of insulin signaling. 
  • Changes in Hepatic TRβ Protein Expression, Lipogenic Gene Expression, and Long-Chain Acylcarnitine Levels During Chronic Hyperthyroidism and Triiodothyronine Withdrawal in a Mouse Model. 
  • Characterization of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 7 (FABP7) in the Murine Retina. 
  • Characterization of NO and cytokine production in immune-activated microglia and peritoneal macrophages derived from a mouse model expressing the human NOS2 gene on a mouse NOS2 knockout background. 
  • Characterization of and osteoarthritis susceptibility in ADAMTS-4-knockout mice. 
  • Characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ectodomain shedding from mouse proximal tubular cells. 
  • Characterization of antiestrogenic activity of the Chinese herb, prunella vulgaris, using in vitro and in vivo (Mouse Xenograft) models. 
  • Characterization of conditioned place preference to cocaine in congenic dopamine transporter knockout female mice. 
  • Characterization of elongation factor-1A (eEF1A-1) and eEF1A-2/S1 protein expression in normal and wasted mice. 
  • Characterization of the mouse transforming growth factor alpha gene: its expression during eyelid development and in waved 1 tissues. 
  • Chemerin-activated functions of CMKLR1 are regulated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) and β-arrestin 2 in inflammatory macrophages. 
  • Chemical knockout of pantothenate kinase reveals the metabolic and genetic program responsible for hepatic coenzyme A homeostasis. 
  • Chemiluminescence and the Nox1-Nox2-Nox4 Triple Knockout. 
  • Chlamydia muridarum evades growth restriction by the IFN-gamma-inducible host resistance factor Irgb10. 
  • Chordin and noggin promote organizing centers of forebrain development in the mouse. 
  • Chordin is a modifier of tbx1 for the craniofacial malformations of 22q11 deletion syndrome phenotypes in mouse. 
  • Chromium(VI) induces p53-dependent apoptosis in diploid human lung and mouse dermal fibroblasts. 
  • Chronic hepcidin induction causes hyposideremia and alters the pattern of cellular iron accumulation in hemochromatotic mice. 
  • Chronic loss of noradrenergic tone produces β-arrestin2-mediated cocaine hypersensitivity and alters cellular D2 responses in the nucleus accumbens. 
  • Chronic treatment in vivo with β-adrenoceptor agonists induces dysfunction of airway β(2) -adrenoceptors and exacerbates lung inflammation in mice. 
  • Cic Loss Promotes Gliomagenesis via Aberrant Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. 
  • Circadian clock NAD+ cycle drives mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in mice. 
  • Circadian rhythms of activity and drinking in mice lacking angiotensin II 1A receptors. 
  • Circuit-selective striatal synaptic dysfunction in the Sapap3 knockout mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
  • Circulating Exosomes Induced by Cardiac Pressure Overload Contain Functional Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors. 
  • Circulating and binding characteristics of wild-type factor IX and certain Gla domain mutants in vivo. 
  • Cis-acting human ApoE tissue expression element is associated with human pattern of intraneuronal ApoE in transgenic mice. 
  • Clara cell secretory protein and phospholipase A2 activity modulate acute ventilator-induced lung injury in mice. 
  • Clara cell secretory protein deficiency alters clara cell secretory apparatus and the protein composition of airway lining fluid. 
  • Clara cell secretory protein deficiency increases oxidant stress response in conducting airways. 
  • Clara cell secretory protein-deficient mice differ from wild-type mice in inflammatory chemokine expression to oxygen and ozone, but not to endotoxin. 
  • Clara cell secretory protein: a determinant of PCB bioaccumulation in mammals. 
  • Clara cells attenuate the inflammatory response through regulation of macrophage behavior. 
  • Class IIb HDAC6 regulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by deacetylation of cortactin. 
  • Clinical and serologic manifestations of autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice lacking nitric oxide synthase type 2. 
  • Clipping of arginine-methylated histone tails by JMJD5 and JMJD7. 
  • Clozapine-, but not haloperidol-, induced increases in deltaFosB-like immunoreactivity are completely blocked in the striatum of mice lacking D3 dopamine receptors. 
  • Coagulation defects and altered hemodynamic responses in mice lacking receptors for thromboxane A2. 
  • Cocaine increases dopamine release by mobilization of a synapsin-dependent reserve pool. 
  • Cocaine mechanisms: enhanced cocaine, fluoxetine and nisoxetine place preferences following monoamine transporter deletions. 
  • Cocaine self-administration in dopamine-transporter knockout mice. 
  • Cocaine-conditioned locomotion in dopamine transporter, norepinephrine transporter and 5-HT transporter knockout mice. 
  • Cognitive neuroscience of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder. 
  • Collapsing glomerulopathy: an inflammatory podocytopathy? 
  • Comments on Point:Counterpoint: The dominant contributor to systemic hypertension: Chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system vs. Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. AT1 receptors in the kidney mediate the chronic hypertensive response to angiotensin II. 
  • Common tolerance mechanisms, but distinct cross-reactivities associated with gp41 and lipids, limit production of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10. 
  • Comparative and functional evaluation of in vitro generated to ex vivo CD8 T cells. 
  • Comparison of interval timing behaviour in mice following dorsal or ventral hippocampal lesions with mice having δ-opioid receptor gene deletion. 
  • Comparison of thymocyte development and cytokine production in CD7-deficient, CD28-deficient and CD7/CD28 double-deficient mice. 
  • Compartmentalized acyl-CoA metabolism in skeletal muscle regulates systemic glucose homeostasis. 
  • Compensatory T cell responses in IRG-deficient mice prevent sustained Chlamydia trachomatis infections. 
  • Competitive displacement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase from beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 improves postinfarction adverse myocardial remodeling. 
  • Complement C4 inhibits systemic autoimmunity through a mechanism independent of complement receptors CR1 and CR2. 
  • Complement Factor H Inhibits CD47-Mediated Resolution of Inflammation. 
  • Complement component C3d-antigen complexes can either augment or inhibit B lymphocyte activation and humoral immunity in mice depending on the degree of CD21/CD19 complex engagement. 
  • Complexity of CNC transcription factors as revealed by gene targeting of the Nrf3 locus. 
  • Compounds from Sichuan and Melegueta peppers activate, covalently and non-covalently, TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels. 
  • Comprehensive characterization and optimization of anti-LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) monoclonal antibodies. 
  • Concerted regulation of skeletal muscle contractility by oxygen tension and endogenous nitric oxide. 
  • Concomitant BRAF and PI3K/mTOR blockade is required for effective treatment of BRAF(V600E) colorectal cancer. 
  • Conditional calcineurin knockout mice exhibit multiple abnormal behaviors related to schizophrenia. 
  • Conditional deletion of TrkB but not BDNF prevents epileptogenesis in the kindling model. 
  • Conditional deletion of TrkC does not modify limbic epileptogenesis. 
  • Conditional expression in corticothalamic efferents reveals a developmental role for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in modulation of passive avoidance behavior. 
  • Conditional knockout of Fgf13 in murine hearts increases arrhythmia susceptibility and reveals novel ion channel modulatory roles. 
  • Connexin 36 and rod bipolar cell independent rod pathways drive retinal ganglion cells and optokinetic reflexes. 
  • Constitutive hepcidin expression prevents iron overload in a mouse model of hemochromatosis. 
  • Context-dependent functions of angiopoietin 2 are determined by the endothelial phosphatase VEPTP. 
  • Contribution of IL-13 to early exocrinopathy in Id3-/- mice. 
  • Contribution of mast cells to bacterial clearance and their proliferation during experimental cystitis induced by type 1 fimbriated E. coli. 
  • Contributions of beta2-microglobulin-dependent molecules and lymphocytes to iron regulation: insights from HfeRag1(-/-) and beta2mRag1(-/-) double knock-out mice. 
  • Contributions of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases to cerebrovascular responses to hyperoxia. 
  • Control of IFN-alphaA by CD73: implications for mucosal inflammation. 
  • Control of IFN-gamma-mediated host resistance to intracellular pathogens by immunity-related GTPases (p47 GTPases). 
  • Control of Intestinal Inflammation, Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis, and Macrophage Polarization by Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2. 
  • Control of hepatic gluconeogenesis through the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1. 
  • Control of the differentiation of regulatory T cells and T(H)17 cells by the DNA-binding inhibitor Id3. 
  • Convergence of G protein-coupled receptor and S-nitrosylation signaling determines the outcome to cardiac ischemic injury. 
  • Convergence of Parkin, PINK1, and α-Synuclein on Stress-induced Mitochondrial Morphological Remodeling. 
  • Convergence of presenilin- and tau-mediated pathways on axonal trafficking and neuronal function. 
  • Convergent effects of mouse Pet-1 deletion and human PET-1 variation on amygdala fear and threat processing. 
  • Cooperative transcriptional regulation of the essential pancreatic islet gene NeuroD1 (beta2) by Nkx2.2 and neurogenin 3. 
  • Copper Chelation Inhibits BRAFV600E-Driven Melanomagenesis and Counters Resistance to BRAFV600E and MEK1/2 Inhibitors. 
  • Correction of glycogen storage disease type II by an adeno-associated virus vector containing a muscle-specific promoter. 
  • Correction of multiple striated muscles in murine Pompe disease through adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy. 
  • Counteracting signaling activities in lipid rafts associated with the invasion of lung epithelial cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
  • Coupling of COX-1 to mPGES1 for prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in the murine mammary gland. 
  • Critical role for mouse marginal zone B cells in PF4/heparin antibody production. 
  • Critical role for the alpha-1B adrenergic receptor at the sympathetic neuroeffector junction. 
  • Critical role for the chemokine receptor CXCR6 in NK cell-mediated antigen-specific memory of haptens and viruses. 
  • Critical roles of RasGRP1 for invariant NKT cell development. 
  • Cross-talk Between Nitrate-Nitrite-NO and NO Synthase Pathways in Control of Vascular NO Homeostasis. 
  • Cryptococcus neoformans is resistant to surfactant protein A mediated host defense mechanisms. 
  • Ctr1 drives intestinal copper absorption and is essential for growth, iron metabolism, and neonatal cardiac function. 
  • Ctr1 is an apical copper transporter in mammalian intestinal epithelial cells in vivo that is controlled at the level of protein stability. 
  • Ctr2 Regulates Mast Cell Maturation by Affecting the Storage and Expression of Tryptase and Proteoglycans. 
  • Ctr2 regulates biogenesis of a cleaved form of mammalian Ctr1 metal transporter lacking the copper- and cisplatin-binding ecto-domain. 
  • Cutting edge: C3d functions as a molecular adjuvant in the absence of CD21/35 expression. 
  • Cutting edge: Role of osteopontin and integrin αv in T cell-mediated anti-inflammatory responses in endotoxemia. 
  • Cutting edge: critical role of intracellular osteopontin in antifungal innate immune responses. 
  • Cybrd1 (duodenal cytochrome b) is not necessary for dietary iron absorption in mice. 
  • Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 knockout mice demonstrate increased cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury but are protected by acute preconditioning. 
  • Cyclooxygenase-two (COX-2) modulates proliferation in aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumor). 
  • Cytokine activation of nuclear factor kappa B in vascular smooth muscle cells requires signaling endosomes containing Nox1 and ClC-3. 
  • Cytokine expression by invariant natural killer T cells is tightly regulated throughout development and settings of type-2 inflammation. 
  • Cytokine-dependent and cytokine-independent roles for Mcl-1: genetic evidence for multiple mechanisms by which Mcl-1 promotes survival in primary T lymphocytes. 
  • Cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha-deficient mice are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) blockade accelerates the acute rejection of cardiac allografts in CD28-deficient mice: CTLA4 can function independently of CD28. 
  • DDD mice, a novel acute mouse model of Parkinson's disease. 
  • DVT: a new era in anticoagulant therapy. 
  • Decreased ethanol preference and consumption in dopamine transporter female knock-out mice. 
  • Decreased expression levels of CD22 and L-selectin on peripheral blood B lymphocytes from patients with bullous pemphigoid. 
  • Decreased physical function and increased pain sensitivity in mice deficient for type IX collagen. 
  • Defective PTH regulation of sodium-dependent phosphate transport in NHERF-1-/- renal proximal tubule cells and wild-type cells adapted to low-phosphate media. 
  • Defective T cell development and function in the absence of Abelson kinases. 
  • Defective antitumor responses in CX3CR1-deficient mice. 
  • Defective coupling of apical PTH receptors to phospholipase C prevents internalization of the Na+-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa in Nherf1-deficient mice. 
  • Defective lymphocyte chemotaxis in beta-arrestin2- and GRK6-deficient mice. 
  • Defective parathyroid hormone regulation of NHE3 activity and phosphate adaptation in cultured NHERF-1-/- renal proximal tubule cells. 
  • Defective prolactin signaling impairs pancreatic β-cell development during the perinatal period. 
  • Defective signaling in a subpopulation of CD4(+) T cells in the absence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV. 
  • Defects of prostate development and reproductive system in the estrogen receptor-alpha null male mice. 
  • Deficiency in Bak and Bax perturbs thymic selection and lymphoid homeostasis. 
  • Deficiency of 5-lipoxygenase abolishes sex-related survival differences in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. 
  • Deficiency of 5-lipoxygenase accelerates renal allograft rejection in mice. 
  • Deficiency of the lipid synthesis enzyme, DGAT1, extends longevity in mice. 
  • Deficiency of α-actinin-3 is associated with increased susceptibility to contraction-induced damage and skeletal muscle remodeling. 
  • Defining a link with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease in mice with congenitally low expression of Pkd1. 
  • Definition of a novel cellular constituent of the bone marrow that regulates the response of immature B cells to B cell antigen receptor engagement. 
  • Deletion of CaMKK2 from the liver lowers blood glucose and improves whole-body glucose tolerance in the mouse. 
  • Deletion of GSK3β in D2R-expressing neurons reveals distinct roles for β-arrestin signaling in antipsychotic and lithium action. 
  • Deletion of Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor-1 disrupts overeating in the presence of food cues. 
  • Deletion of PIK3C3/Vps34 in sensory neurons causes rapid neurodegeneration by disrupting the endosomal but not the autophagic pathway. 
  • Deletion of Trpm7 disrupts embryonic development and thymopoiesis without altering Mg2+ homeostasis. 
  • Deletion of a conserved cis-element in the Ifng locus highlights the role of acute histone acetylation in modulating inducible gene transcription. 
  • Deletion of angiotensin II type 2 receptor accelerates adipogenesis in murine mesenchymal stem cells via Wnt10b/beta-catenin signaling. 
  • Deletion of p47phox attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. 
  • Deletion of presenilin 1 hydrophilic loop sequence leads to impaired gamma-secretase activity and exacerbated amyloid pathology. 
  • Deletion of the glutamate carboxypeptidase II gene in mice reveals a second enzyme activity that hydrolyzes N-acetylaspartylglutamate. 
  • Deletion of the transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV4 impairs murine bladder voiding. 
  • Delineating muscarinic receptor functions. 
  • Dendritic cell immunoreceptor regulates Chikungunya virus pathogenesis in mice. 
  • Dendritic epidermal T cells regulate skin antimicrobial barrier function. 
  • Dependence of serotonergic and other nonadrenergic enteric neurons on norepinephrine transporter expression. 
  • Derepression of BDNF transcription involves calcium-dependent phosphorylation of MeCP2. 
  • Desacyl Ghrelin Decreases Anxiety-like Behavior in Male Mice. 
  • Desmoplakin controls microvilli length but not cell adhesion or keratin organization in the intestinal epithelium. 
  • Desmoplakin: an unexpected regulator of microtubule organization in the epidermis. 
  • Detailed analysis of gene expression during development of T cell lineages in the thymus. 
  • Detection of chromatin-associated single-stranded DNA in regions targeted for somatic hypermutation. 
  • Determination of an angiotensin II-regulated proteome in primary human kidney cells by stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). 
  • Developmental History Provides a Roadmap for the Emergence of Tumor Plasticity. 
  • Developmental defects in mouse embryos lacking N-cadherin. 
  • Developmental renin expression in mice with a defective renin-angiotensin system. 
  • Diabetes insipidus in uricase-deficient mice: a model for evaluating therapy with poly(ethylene glycol)-modified uricase. 
  • Diabetic liver injury from streptozotocin is regulated through the caspase-8 homolog cFLIP involving activation of JNK2 and intrahepatic immunocompetent cells. 
  • Diacylglycerol kinase zeta regulates microbial recognition and host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. 
  • Diacylglycerol kinase ζ limits B cell antigen receptor-dependent activation of ERK signaling to inhibit early antibody responses. 
  • Diet-induced obese mice retain endogenous leptin action. 
  • Dietary supplementation with fresh pineapple juice decreases inflammation and colonic neoplasia in IL-10-deficient mice with colitis. 
  • Different presynaptic roles of synapsins at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. 
  • Differential Immune Microenvironments and Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade among Molecular Subtypes of Murine Medulloblastoma. 
  • Differential LRRK2 expression in the cortex, striatum, and substantia nigra in transgenic and nontransgenic rodents. 
  • Differential Requirements of TCR Signaling in Homeostatic Maintenance and Function of Dendritic Epidermal T Cells. 
  • Differential Roles of Phospholipase D Proteins in FcεRI-Mediated Signaling and Mast Cell Function. 
  • Differential effects of unfolded protein response pathways on axon injury-induced death of retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Differential expression of p63 isoforms in female reproductive organs. 
  • Differential mechanisms of morphine antinociceptive tolerance revealed in (beta)arrestin-2 knock-out mice. 
  • Differential psychostimulant-induced activation of neural circuits in dopamine transporter knockout and wild type mice. 
  • Differential quantal release of histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine from mast cells of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 knockout mice. 
  • Differential regulation of MeCP2 phosphorylation in the CNS by dopamine and serotonin. 
  • Differential regulation of primary and memory CD8 T cell immune responses by diacylglycerol kinases. 
  • Differential regulation of the PGC family of genes in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. 
  • Differential regulation of the dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptor gene expression and changes in the phenotype of the striatal neurons in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. 
  • Differential regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the basal ganglia of mice lacking the dopamine transporter. 
  • Differential requirement for the SAP-Fyn interaction during NK T cell development and function. 
  • Differential requirement of RasGRP1 for γδ T cell development and activation. 
  • Differential roles of Aβ processing in hypoxia-induced axonal damage. 
  • Dimerization deficiency of enigmatic retinitis pigmentosa-linked rhodopsin mutants. 
  • Discovery of biomarker candidates for coronary artery disease from an APOE-knock out mouse model using iTRAQ-based multiplex quantitative proteomics. 
  • Display of cell surface sites for fibronectin assembly is modulated by cell adherence to (1)F3 and C-terminal modules of fibronectin. 
  • Disrupted gonadogenesis and male-to-female sex reversal in Pod1 knockout mice. 
  • Disrupted iron homeostasis causes dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice. 
  • Disrupted junctional membrane complexes and hyperactive ryanodine receptors after acute junctophilin knockdown in mice. 
  • Disrupted motor learning and long-term synaptic plasticity in mice lacking NMDAR1 in the striatum. 
  • Disruption of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling in Sim1 Neurons Reduces Physiological and Behavioral Reactivity to Acute and Chronic Stress. 
  • Disruption of Mekk2 in mice reveals an unexpected role for MEKK2 in modulating T-cell receptor signal transduction. 
  • Disruption of diacylglycerol metabolism impairs the induction of T cell anergy. 
  • Disruption of mindin exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. 
  • Disruption of the Ang II type 1 receptor promotes longevity in mice. 
  • Disruption of the expression of the proprotein convertase PC7 reduces BDNF production and affects learning and memory in mice. 
  • Disruption of the mouse Rce1 gene results in defective Ras processing and mislocalization of Ras within cells. 
  • Disruption of the mouse oestrogen receptor gene: resulting phenotypes and experimental findings. 
  • Disruption of the uncoupling protein-2 gene in mice reveals a role in immunity and reactive oxygen species production. 
  • Disruption of wave-associated Rac GTPase-activating protein (Wrp) leads to abnormal adult neural progenitor migration associated with hydrocephalus. 
  • Dissociation of frontotemporal dementia-related deficits and neuroinflammation in progranulin haploinsufficient mice. 
  • Distinct Nav1.7-dependent pain sensations require different sets of sensory and sympathetic neurons. 
  • Distinct cortical and striatal actions of a β-arrestin-biased dopamine D2 receptor ligand reveal unique antipsychotic-like properties. 
  • Distinct function of estrogen receptor α in smooth muscle and fibroblast cells in prostate development. 
  • Distinct gene expression phenotypes of cells lacking Rb and Rb family members. 
  • Distinct mesodermal signals, including BMPs from the septum transversum mesenchyme, are required in combination for hepatogenesis from the endoderm. 
  • Distinct roles for the kidney and systemic tissues in blood pressure regulation by the renin-angiotensin system. 
  • Distribution of, and immune response to, chicken anti-alpha Gal immunoglobulin Y antibodies in wild-type and alpha Gal knockout mice. 
  • Divalent metal transporter 1 regulates iron-mediated ROS and pancreatic β cell fate in response to cytokines. 
  • Diverse gap junctions modulate distinct mechanisms for fiber cell formation during lens development and cataractogenesis. 
  • Diverse genetic-driven immune landscapes dictate tumor progression through distinct mechanisms. 
  • Dopamine D2 receptor relies upon PPM/PP2C protein phosphatases to dephosphorylate huntingtin protein. 
  • Dopamine and α-synuclein dysfunction in Smad3 null mice. 
  • Dopamine autoreceptor regulation of release and uptake in mouse brain slices in the absence of D(3) receptors. 
  • Dopamine levels modulate the updating of tastant values. 
  • Dopamine tone regulates D1 receptor trafficking and delivery in striatal neurons in dopamine transporter-deficient mice. 
  • Dopamine transporter is required for in vivo MPTP neurotoxicity: evidence from mice lacking the transporter. 
  • Dopamine transporter mutant mice in experimental neuropharmacology. 
  • Dopamine transporter-dependent and -independent actions of trace amine beta-phenylethylamine. 
  • Dopamine: from pharmacology to molecular biology and back. 
  • Dopaminergic abnormalities in Hdac6-deficient mice. 
  • Dopaminergic control of corticostriatal long-term synaptic depression in medium spiny neurons is mediated by cholinergic interneurons. 
  • Dopaminergic control of sleep-wake states. 
  • Dopaminergic supersensitivity in G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6-deficient mice. 
  • Down-regulation of Bmp/Smad signaling by Tmprss6 is required for maintenance of systemic iron homeostasis. 
  • Downregulation of adipose glutathione S-transferase A4 leads to increased protein carbonylation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. 
  • Downregulation of hepatic betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) expression in taurine-deficient mice is reversed by taurine supplementation in vivo. 
  • Downregulation of microglial activation by apolipoprotein E and apoE-mimetic peptides. 
  • Dual modulation of cell survival and cell death by beta(2)-adrenergic signaling in adult mouse cardiac myocytes. 
  • Dual roles of modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein 1 in cardiac hypertrophy. 
  • Dual-energy computed tomography imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in a mouse model using a liposomal-iodine nanoparticle contrast agent. 
  • Dynamic and redundant regulation of LRRK2 and LRRK1 expression. 
  • Dysautonomia due to reduced cholinergic neurotransmission causes cardiac remodeling and heart failure. 
  • Dysregulated Inflammatory Signaling upon Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 1C Mutation of SIMPLE Protein. 
  • E protein transcription factors are required for the development of CD4(+) lineage T cells. 
  • E-cadherin polarity is determined by a multifunction motif mediating lateral membrane retention through ankyrin-G and apical-lateral transcytosis through clathrin. 
  • E2-induced degradation of uterine insulin receptor substrate-2: requirement for an IGF-I-stimulated, proteasome-dependent pathway. 
  • E2A and HEB are required to block thymocyte proliferation prior to pre-TCR expression. 
  • E2A promotes the survival of precursor and mature B lymphocytes. 
  • E6AP is required for replicative and oncogene-induced senescence in mouse embryo fibroblasts. 
  • E6AP promotes the degradation of the PML tumor suppressor. 
  • EGFRvIII and c-Met pathway inhibitors synergize against PTEN-null/EGFRvIII+ glioblastoma xenografts. 
  • EXT1 regulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation during endochondral bone development. 
  • Early B-cell activation after West Nile virus infection requires alpha/beta interferon but not antigen receptor signaling. 
  • Early retinal neurodegeneration and impaired Ran-mediated nuclear import of TDP-43 in progranulin-deficient FTLD. 
  • Early, sustained efficacy of adeno-associated virus vector-mediated gene therapy in glycogen storage disease type Ia. 
  • Early-onset degeneration of the intervertebral disc and vertebral end plate in mice deficient in type IX collagen. 
  • Editing out five Serpina1 paralogs to create a mouse model of genetic emphysema. 
  • Effect of antidepressant drugs in mice lacking the norepinephrine transporter. 
  • Effect of bimatoprost on intraocular pressure in prostaglandin FP receptor knockout mice. 
  • Effects of HSP70.1/3 gene knockout on acute respiratory distress syndrome and the inflammatory response following sepsis. 
  • Effects of a block in cysteine catabolism on energy balance and fat metabolism in mice. 
  • Effects of candesartan on angiotensin II-induced renal vasoconstriction in rats and mice. 
  • Effects of castration and chronic steroid treatments on hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone content and pituitary gonadotropins in male wild-type and estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mice. 
  • Effects of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (NG2/CSPG4) on soft-tissue sarcoma growth depend on tumor developmental stage. 
  • Effects of iron depletion on CALM-AF10 leukemias. 
  • Effects of lactogen resistance and GH deficiency on mouse metabolism: pancreatic hormones, adipocytokines, and expression of adiponectin and insulin receptors. 
  • Effects of ligand and thyroid hormone receptor isoforms on hepatic gene expression profiles of thyroid hormone receptor knockout mice. 
  • Effects of neuronal PIK3C3/Vps34 deletion on autophagy and beyond. 
  • Effects of β-Arrestin-Biased Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligands on Schizophrenia-Like Behavior in Hypoglutamatergic Mice. 
  • Efficacy of an adeno-associated virus 8-pseudotyped vector in glycogen storage disease type II. 
  • Efficacy of helper-dependent adenovirus vector-mediated gene therapy in murine glycogen storage disease type Ia. 
  • Efficient dendritic cell priming of T lymphocytes depends on the extracellular matrix protein mindin. 
  • Efficient lymphocyte migration across high endothelial venules of mouse Peyer's patches requires overlapping expression of L-selectin and beta7 integrin. 
  • Ejaculatory abnormalities in mice with targeted disruption of the gene for heme oxygenase-2. 
  • Elevation of susceptibility to ozone-induced acute tracheobronchial injury in transgenic mice deficient in Clara cell secretory protein. 
  • Elovl4 5-bp-deletion knock-in mice develop progressive photoreceptor degeneration. 
  • EndoU is a novel regulator of AICD during peripheral B cell selection. 
  • Endogenous S-nitrosothiols protect against myocardial injury. 
  • Endogenous apolipoprotein E suppresses LPS-stimulated microglial nitric oxide production. 
  • Endogenous bone morphogenetic protein antagonists regulate mammalian neural crest generation and survival. 
  • Endoglin deficiency impairs stroke recovery. 
  • Endoglin, an ancillary TGFbeta receptor, is required for extraembryonic angiogenesis and plays a key role in heart development. 
  • Endothelial antigen assembly leads to thrombotic complications in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 
  • Endothelial selectins regulate skin wound healing in cooperation with L-selectin and ICAM-1. 
  • Energy metabolism in uncoupling protein 3 gene knockout mice. 
  • Engagement of Toll-like receptor-2 on cytotoxic T-lymphocytes occurs in vivo and augments antitumor activity. 
  • Engineered D2R Variants Reveal the Balanced and Biased Contributions of G-Protein and β-Arrestin to Dopamine-Dependent Functions. 
  • Engineering human pluripotent stem cells into a functional skeletal muscle tissue. 
  • Enhanced Glucose Control Following Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy Does Not Require a β-Cell Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor. 
  • Enhanced T cell responses due to diacylglycerol kinase zeta deficiency. 
  • Enhanced Uterine Contractility and Stillbirth in Mice Lacking G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 6 (GRK6): Implications for Oxytocin Receptor Desensitization. 
  • Enhanced angiotensin II-induced cardiac and aortic remodeling in ACE2 knockout mice. 
  • Enhanced antibody responses to an HIV-1 membrane-proximal external region antigen in mice reconstituted with cultured lymphocytes. 
  • Enhanced central response to dehydration in mice lacking angiotensin AT(1a) receptors. 
  • Enhanced efficacy from gene therapy in Pompe disease using coreceptor blockade. 
  • Enhanced efficacy of an AAV vector encoding chimeric, highly secreted acid alpha-glucosidase in glycogen storage disease type II. 
  • Enhanced efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease through mannose-6-phosphate receptor expression in skeletal muscle. 
  • Enhanced gene expression of systemically administered plasmid DNA in the liver with therapeutic ultrasound and microbubbles. 
  • Enhanced inflow and outflow rates despite lower IOP in bestrophin-2-deficient mice. 
  • Enhanced morphine analgesia in mice lacking beta-arrestin 2. 
  • Enhanced rewarding properties of morphine, but not cocaine, in beta(arrestin)-2 knock-out mice. 
  • Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma subtypes are characterized by loss of function of SETD2. 
  • Environmental factors regulate Paneth cell phenotype and host susceptibility to intestinal inflammation in Irgm1-deficient mice. 
  • Environmental toxin-linked nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic metabolic reprogramming in obese mice. 
  • Eosinophils alter colonic epithelial barrier function: role for major basic protein. 
  • Epidermal growth factor regulates hematopoietic regeneration after radiation injury. 
  • Epigenetic propagation of CD4 expression is established by the Cd4 proximal enhancer in helper T cells. 
  • Epstein-Barr Viruses (EBVs) Deficient in EBV-Encoded RNAs Have Higher Levels of Latent Membrane Protein 2 RNA Expression in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines and Efficiently Establish Persistent Infections in Humanized Mice. 
  • Erythropoietin activates mitochondrial biogenesis and couples red cell mass to mitochondrial mass in the heart. 
  • Essential Role of mTORC1 in Self-Renewal of Murine Alveolar Macrophages. 
  • Essential role for Smad3 in regulating MCP-1 expression and vascular inflammation. 
  • Essential role of AT1A receptor in the development of 2K1C hypertension. 
  • Essential role of D1R in the regulation of mTOR complex1 signaling induced by cocaine. 
  • Essential role of LAT in T cell development. 
  • Essential role of PR-domain protein MDS1-EVI1 in MLL-AF9 leukemia. 
  • Essential role of Smad3 in infarct healing and in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. 
  • Essential roles of S-nitrosothiols in vascular homeostasis and endotoxic shock. 
  • Estradiol replacement enhances cocaine-stimulated locomotion in female C57BL/6 mice through estrogen receptor alpha. 
  • Estrogen metabolism within the lung and its modulation by tobacco smoke. 
  • Estrogen receptor beta protects against in vivo injury in RPE cells. 
  • Estrogen receptor-beta mediates male-female differences in the development of pressure overload hypertrophy. 
  • Ethanol augments GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala via CRF1 receptors. 
  • Ethanol contributes to neurogenic pancreatitis by activation of TRPV1. 
  • Ethanol metabolism modifies hepatic protein acylation in mice. 
  • Ethylenecarbodiimide-fixed donor splenocyte infusions differentially target direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition for induction of transplant tolerance. 
  • Etomoxir-induced PPARalpha-modulated enzymes protect during acute renal failure. 
  • EuroPhenome: a repository for high-throughput mouse phenotyping data. 
  • Evasion of immune responses to introduced human acid alpha-glucosidase by liver-restricted expression in glycogen storage disease type II. 
  • Evidence for a role of Met-HGF/SF during Ras-mediated tumorigenesis/metastasis. 
  • Evolution of the tenascin family--implications for function of the C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. 
  • Examination of Msh6- and Msh3-deficient mice in class switching reveals overlapping and distinct roles of MutS homologues in antibody diversification. 
  • Exhausted CD8 T cells downregulate the IL-18 receptor and become unresponsive to inflammatory cytokines and bacterial co-infections. 
  • Exposure of mice to topical bovine thrombin induces systemic autoimmunity. 
  • Expression and modulation of RPE cell membrane complement regulatory proteins. 
  • Expression of human complement factor H prevents age-related macular degeneration-like retina damage and kidney abnormalities in aged Cfh knockout mice. 
  • Expression of stimulator of Fe transport is not enhanced in Hfe knockout mice. 
  • Expression of the AT2 receptor developmentally programs extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity and influences fetal vascular growth. 
  • Expression of the DMT1 (NRAMP2/DCT1) iron transporter in mice with genetic iron overload disorders. 
  • Expression of the apolipoprotein E gene does not affect motor recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury in the mouse. 
  • Extracellular caspase-6 drives murine inflammatory pain via microglial TNF-α secretion. 
  • Extracellular glutathione peroxidase (Gpx3) binds specifically to basement membranes of mouse renal cortex tubule cells. 
  • Extracellular microRNAs activate nociceptor neurons to elicit pain via TLR7 and TRPA1. 
  • Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) mediates prolactin-stimulated adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and olfactory bulb. 
  • Extracellular superoxide dismutase deficiency worsens outcome from focal cerebral ischemia in the mouse. 
  • Extracellular superoxide dismutase regulates cardiac function and fibrosis. 
  • Extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1-dependent metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-induced long-term depression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is disrupted by cocaine administration. 
  • Extreme obesity due to impaired leptin signaling in mice does not cause knee osteoarthritis. 
  • FGF21-FGFR1 Coordinates Phospholipid Homeostasis, Lipid Droplet Function, and ER Stress in Obesity. 
  • FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy. 
  • FGF23/FGFR4-mediated left ventricular hypertrophy is reversible. 
  • FGF9 promotes survival of germ cells in the fetal testis. 
  • FKBP12 is not required for the modulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor I signaling activity in embryonic fibroblasts and thymocytes. 
  • FKBP12 is the only FK506 binding protein mediating T-cell inhibition by the immunosuppressant FK506. 
  • Failure of red blood cell maturation in mice with defects in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI. 
  • Failure of terminal erythroid differentiation in EKLF-deficient mice is associated with cell cycle perturbation and reduced expression of E2F2. 
  • Far Upstream Element Binding Protein Plays a Crucial Role in Embryonic Development, Hematopoiesis, and Stabilizing Myc Expression Levels. 
  • Fasudil decreases lesion burden in a murine model of cerebral cavernous malformation disease. 
  • Fatty acid homeostasis and induction of lipid regulatory genes in skeletal muscles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha knock-out mice. Evidence for compensatory regulation by PPAR delta. 
  • Ferroxidase hephaestin's cell-autonomous role in the retinal pigment epithelium. 
  • Fgf8 is required for anterior heart field development. 
  • Fgf9 induces proliferation and nuclear localization of FGFR2 in Sertoli precursors during male sex determination. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor 21 and thyroid hormone show mutual regulatory dependency but have independent actions in vivo. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor 21 mediates specific glucagon actions. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor-23-mediated inhibition of renal phosphate transport in mice requires sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF-1) and synergizes with parathyroid hormone. 
  • Fibronectin and beta-catenin act in a regulatory loop in dermal fibroblasts to modulate cutaneous healing. 
  • Flavopiridol induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells via activation of caspase-3 without evidence of bcl-2 modulation or dependence on functional p53. 
  • Flt3 does not play a critical role in murine myeloid leukemias induced by MLL fusion genes. 
  • Follistatin operates downstream of Wnt4 in mammalian ovary organogenesis. 
  • Food reward in the absence of taste receptor signaling. 
  • Formation of Rathke's pouch requires dual induction from the diencephalon. 
  • FoxO1 deacetylation regulates thyroid hormone-induced transcription of key hepatic gluconeogenic genes. 
  • Frontline Science: Multiple cathepsins promote inflammasome-independent, particle-induced cell death during NLRP3-dependent IL-1β activation. 
  • Fructose and glucose can regulate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and lipogenic gene expression via distinct pathways. 
  • Fucosylation Deficiency in Mice Leads to Colitis and Adenocarcinoma. 
  • Fully deleted adenovirus persistently expressing GAA accomplishes long-term skeletal muscle glycogen correction in tolerant and nontolerant GSD-II mice. 
  • Function of tau protein in adult newborn neurons. 
  • Functional and molecular adaptations in skeletal muscle of myoglobin-mutant mice. 
  • Functional characteristics and survival requirements of memory CD4+ T lymphocytes in vivo. 
  • Functional complementation between FADD and RIP1 in embryos and lymphocytes. 
  • Functional hyperdopaminergia in dopamine transporter knock-out mice. 
  • G Protein-coupled receptor kinases phosphorylate LRP6 in the Wnt pathway. 
  • G protein G(alpha)o is essential for vomeronasal function and aggressive behavior in mice. 
  • G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 promotes flaviviridae entry and replication. 
  • G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) gene disruption leads to loss of odorant receptor desensitization. 
  • G protein-coupled receptor kinase-3-deficient mice exhibit WHIM syndrome features and attenuated inflammatory responses. 
  • G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5 attenuates atherosclerosis by regulating receptor tyrosine kinases and 7-transmembrane receptors. 
  • G protein-coupled receptor kinase/beta-arrestin systems and drugs of abuse: psychostimulant and opiate studies in knockout mice. 
  • G(s)alpha deficiency in skeletal muscle leads to reduced muscle mass, fiber-type switching, and glucose intolerance without insulin resistance or deficiency. 
  • G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) influences opioid analgesic tolerance but not opioid withdrawal. 
  • G-protein-coupled receptor function in heart failure. 
  • GATA2 regulates body water homeostasis through maintaining aquaporin 2 expression in renal collecting ducts. 
  • GATA6 levels modulate primitive endoderm cell fate choice and timing in the mouse blastocyst. 
  • GFAP is necessary for the integrity of CNS white matter architecture and long-term maintenance of myelination. 
  • GLP-1 receptor activation indirectly reduces hepatic lipid accumulation but does not attenuate development of atherosclerosis in diabetic male ApoE(-/-) mice. 
  • GMab-1, a high-affinity anti-3'-isoLM1/3',6'-isoLD1 IgG monoclonal antibody, raised in lacto-series ganglioside-defective knockout mice. 
  • GNA13 loss in germinal center B cells leads to impaired apoptosis and promotes lymphoma in vivo. 
  • Galphaz negatively regulates insulin secretion and glucose clearance. 
  • Gender-specific patterns of left ventricular and myocyte remodeling following myocardial infarction in mice deficient in the angiotensin II type 1a receptor. 
  • Gene Expression Profiling of Cutaneous Injured and Non-Injured Nociceptors in SNI Animal Model of Neuropathic Pain. 
  • Gene dosage-dependent embryonic development and proliferation defects in mice lacking the transcriptional integrator p300. 
  • Gene dose-dependent control of hematopoiesis and hematologic tumor suppression by CBP. 
  • Gene duplication and neo-functionalization in the evolutionary and functional divergence of the metazoan copper transporters Ctr1 and Ctr2. 
  • Gene expression profiles linked to AT1 angiotensin receptors in the kidney. 
  • Gene expression profiling of familial and sporadic interstitial pneumonia. 
  • Gene targeting in mice reveals a requirement for angiotensin in the development and maintenance of kidney morphology and growth factor regulation. 
  • Gene-dose dependent effects of methamphetamine on interval timing in dopamine-transporter knockout mice. 
  • Gene-targeting studies of the renin-angiotensin system: mechanisms of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. 
  • Generation and characterization of Tmeff2 mutant mice. 
  • Generation and characterization of a complete null estrogen receptor alpha mouse using Cre/LoxP technology. 
  • Generation and phenotypic analysis of mice lacking all urea transporters. 
  • Generation of a Magoh conditional allele in mice. 
  • Genes that modify the hemochromatosis phenotype in mice. 
  • Genetic Abrogation of Adenosine A3 Receptor Prevents Uninephrectomy and High Salt-Induced Hypertension. 
  • Genetic Deletion of β-Arrestin-2 and the Mitigation of Established Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a Murine Asthma Model. 
  • Genetic ablation of the steroid receptor coactivator-ubiquitin ligase, E6-AP, results in tissue-selective steroid hormone resistance and defects in reproduction. 
  • Genetic alterations that inhibit in vivo pressure-overload hypertrophy prevent cardiac dysfunction despite increased wall stress. 
  • Genetic and pharmacologic analyses of the role of Icmt in Ras membrane association and function. 
  • Genetic approaches to studying norepinephrine function: knockout of the mouse norepinephrine transporter gene. 
  • Genetic deficiency of Irgm1 (LRG-47) suppresses induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by promoting apoptosis of activated CD4+ T cells. 
  • Genetic deletion of receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (Rhamm) attenuates the formation of aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumor). 
  • Genetic dissection of rod and cone pathways in the dark-adapted mouse retina. 
  • Genetic engineering of murine CD8+ and CD4+ T cells for preclinical adoptive immunotherapy studies. 
  • Genetic inactivation of ANGPTL4 improves glucose homeostasis and is associated with reduced risk of diabetes. 
  • Genetic models in pharmacology: present status and future. 
  • Genetic modifiers of the Kv beta2-null phenotype in mice. 
  • Genetic mosaics reveal both cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous function of murine p27Kip1. 
  • Genetic variation in SP-A2 leads to differential binding to Mycoplasma pneumoniae membranes and regulation of host responses. 
  • Genetically induced microtubule disruption in the mouse intestine impairs intracellular organization and transport. 
  • Genetics of childhood disorders: XXIV. ADHD, part 8: hyperdopaminergic mice as an animal model of ADHD. 
  • Genome-wide association reveals contribution of MRAS to painful temporomandibular disorder in males. 
  • Genome-wide identification of calcium-response factor (CaRF) binding sites predicts a role in regulation of neuronal signaling pathways. 
  • Genomic abnormalities of the murine model of Fabry disease after disease-related perturbation, a systems biology approach. 
  • Germinal center formation, immunoglobulin class switching, and autoantibody production driven by "non alpha/beta" T cells. 
  • Gestational, pathologic and biochemical differences between very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in the mouse. 
  • Ghrelin enhances olfactory sensitivity and exploratory sniffing in rodents and humans. 
  • Ghrelin receptor antagonism of hyperlocomotion in cocaine-sensitized mice requires βarrestin-2. 
  • Giant ankyrin-G: a critical innovation in vertebrate evolution of fast and integrated neuronal signaling. 
  • Gipr is essential for adrenocortical steroidogenesis; however, corticosterone deficiency does not mediate the favorable metabolic phenotype of Gipr(-/-) mice. 
  • Glial ankyrins facilitate paranodal axoglial junction assembly. 
  • Glomerular type 1 angiotensin receptors augment kidney injury and inflammation in murine autoimmune nephritis. 
  • Glutamatergic modulation of hyperactivity in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. 
  • Glutamine attenuation of cell death and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression following inflammatory cytokine-induced injury is dependent on heat shock factor-1 expression. 
  • Glutamine's protection against cellular injury is dependent on heat shock factor-1. 
  • Glutamine's protection against sepsis and lung injury is dependent on heat shock protein 70 expression. 
  • Glutamine-mediated attenuation of cellular metabolic dysfunction and cell death after injury is dependent on heat shock factor-1 expression. 
  • Glutamine-mediated dual regulation of heat shock transcription factor-1 activation and expression. 
  • Glutathione peroxidase-deficient smooth muscle cells cause paracrine activation of normal smooth muscle cells via cyclophilin A. 
  • Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)-1, but not GPAT4, incorporates newly synthesized fatty acids into triacylglycerol and diminishes fatty acid oxidation. 
  • Glymphatic fluid transport controls paravascular clearance of AAV vectors from the brain. 
  • Gonadectomy prevents the increase in blood pressure and glomerular injury in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 knockout diabetic male mice. Effects on renin-angiotensin system. 
  • Gp91phox contributes to NADPH oxidase activity in aortic fibroblasts but not smooth muscle cells. 
  • Gradated assembly of multiple proteins into supramolecular nanomaterials. 
  • Granulocyte chemotaxis and disease expression are differentially regulated by GRK subtype in an acute inflammatory arthritis model (K/BxN). 
  • Growth factor receptor-bound protein 14 undergoes light-dependent intracellular translocation in rod photoreceptors: functional role in retinal insulin receptor activation. 
  • Guanylate binding proteins enable rapid activation of canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes in Chlamydia-infected macrophages. 
  • Guanylate cyclase 1 relies on rhodopsin for intracellular stability and ciliary trafficking. 
  • Gαi is required for carvedilol-induced β1 adrenergic receptor β-arrestin biased signaling. 
  • H(2)O(2)-induced O(2) production by a non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase causes oxidant injury. 
  • H2-DMalpha(-/-) mice show the importance of major histocompatibility complex-bound peptide in cardiac allograft rejection. 
  • HDAC6 regulates cellular viral RNA sensing by deacetylation of RIG-I. 
  • HDAC6 regulates the dynamics of lytic granules in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 
  • HIV-1 Envelope Mimicry of Host Enzyme Kynureninase Does Not Disrupt Tryptophan Metabolism. 
  • Haem oxygenase-1 prevents cell death by regulating cellular iron. 
  • Haploinsufficient phenotypes in Bmp4 heterozygous null mice and modification by mutations in Gli3 and Alx4. 
  • Have gene knockouts caused evolutionary reversals in the mammalian first arch? 
  • Hedgehog inhibits β-catenin activity in synovial joint development and osteoarthritis. 
  • Hedgehog signaling activates a positive feedback mechanism involving insulin-like growth factors to induce osteoblast differentiation. 
  • Hedgehog-YAP Signaling Pathway Regulates Glutaminolysis to Control Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells. 
  • Helicobacter infection decreases reproductive performance of IL10-deficient mice. 
  • Helicobacter typhlonius and Helicobacter rodentium differentially affect the severity of colon inflammation and inflammation-associated neoplasia in IL10-deficient mice. 
  • Hematopoietic-specific Stat5-null mice display microcytic hypochromic anemia associated with reduced transferrin receptor gene expression. 
  • Heme induces programmed necrosis on macrophages through autocrine TNF and ROS production. 
  • Heme oxygenase-1 couples activation of mitochondrial biogenesis to anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. 
  • Heme oxygenase-1 gene ablation or expression modulates cisplatin-induced renal tubular apoptosis. 
  • Heme oxygenase-1 regulates cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis via Nrf2-mediated transcriptional control of nuclear respiratory factor-1. 
  • Heparin binding EGF is necessary for vasospastic response to endothelin. 
  • Hepatic SRC-1 activity orchestrates transcriptional circuitries of amino acid pathways with potential relevance for human metabolic pathogenesis. 
  • Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (GSDIa). 
  • Hepatic nuclear corepressor 1 regulates cholesterol absorption through a TRβ1-governed pathway. 
  • Hepatic stellate cells undermine the allostimulatory function of liver myeloid dendritic cells via STAT3-dependent induction of IDO. 
  • Hepatic β-arrestin 2 is essential for maintaining euglycemia. 
  • Hepatocyte-targeted HFE and TFR2 control hepcidin expression in mice. 
  • Hepatorenal correction in murine glycogen storage disease type I with a double-stranded adeno-associated virus vector. 
  • Hepcidin, a candidate modifier of the hemochromatosis phenotype in mice. 
  • High circulatory leptin mediated NOX-2-peroxynitrite-miR21 axis activate mesangial cells and promotes renal inflammatory pathology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 
  • High incidence of T-cell tumors in E2A-null mice and E2A/Id1 double-knockout mice. 
  • High-density lipoprotein maintains skeletal muscle function by modulating cellular respiration in mice. 
  • Histone deacetylase 6 regulates growth factor-induced actin remodeling and endocytosis. 
  • Homer modulates NFAT-dependent signaling during muscle differentiation. 
  • Homo- and hetero-oligomerization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor subtypes. Differential regulation of beta-arrestins 1 and 2. 
  • Hormone signaling and fatty liver in females: analysis of estrogen receptor α mutant mice. 
  • How vinculin regulates force transmission. 
  • Human apoE targeted replacement mouse lines: h-apoE4 and h-apoE3 mice differ on spatial memory performance and avoidance behavior. 
  • Humoral autoimmunity in mice overexpressing B cell surface CD19: vital role for MHC class II. 
  • Humoral immune responses in Cr2-/- mice: enhanced affinity maturation but impaired antibody persistence. 
  • Humoral immune responses in L-selectin-deficient mice. 
  • Hyaluronan contributes to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and stimulates lung allograft rejection through activation of innate immunity. 
  • Hydrostatic isolated limb perfusion with adeno-associated virus vectors enhances correction of skeletal muscle in Pompe disease. 
  • Hyperactivity, elevated dopaminergic transmission, and response to amphetamine in M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-deficient mice. 
  • Hypercholesterolemia induces oxidant stress that accelerates the ageing of hematopoietic stem cells. 
  • Hyperdopaminergia and NMDA receptor hypofunction disrupt neural phase signaling. 
  • Hyperexpression of Foxp3 and IDO during acute rejection of islet allografts. 
  • Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. 
  • Hypertension and impaired glycine handling in mice lacking the orphan transporter XT2. 
  • Hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and sudden death in mice lacking natriuretic peptide receptor A. 
  • Hypertonicity sensing in organum vasculosum lamina terminalis neurons: a mechanical process involving TRPV1 but not TRPV4. 
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cardiac myosin binding protein-C knockout mice. 
  • Hypothalamic CaMKK2 contributes to the regulation of energy balance. 
  • Hypoxia Signaling Cascade for Erythropoietin Production in Hepatocytes. 
  • Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated repression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the intestinal epithelium. 
  • Hypoxia-independent activation of HIF-1 by enterobacteriaceae and their siderophores. 
  • IFN-gamma dictates allograft fate via opposing effects on the graft and on recipient CD8 T cell responses. 
  • IFT46 plays an essential role in cilia development. 
  • IKKα negatively regulates ASC-dependent inflammasome activation. 
  • IL-13 and IL-1beta promote lung fibroblast growth through coordinated up-regulation of PDGF-AA and PDGF-Ralpha. 
  • IL-15 regulates homeostasis and terminal maturation of NKT cells. 
  • IL-17 Production of Neutrophils Enhances Antibacteria Ability but Promotes Arthritis Development During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. 
  • IL-18-dependent NKG2D ligand upregulation on accessory cells is mediated by the PI3K/GSK-3 pathway. 
  • IL-1R type I-dependent hemopoietic stem cell proliferation is necessary for inflammatory granulopoiesis and reactive neutrophilia. 
  • IL-1β-dependent activation of dendritic epidermal T cells in contact hypersensitivity. 
  • IL-21 is required for CD4 memory formation in response to viral infection. 
  • IL-27 Facilitates Skin Wound Healing through Induction of Epidermal Proliferation and Host Defense. 
  • IL-4-STAT6 signal transduction-dependent induction of the clinical phase of Sjögren's syndrome-like disease of the nonobese diabetic mouse. 
  • IL-7 promotes Glut1 trafficking and glucose uptake via STAT5-mediated activation of Akt to support T-cell survival. 
  • IRE1α is an endogenous substrate of endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation. 
  • IRG and GBP host resistance factors target aberrant, "non-self" vacuoles characterized by the missing of "self" IRGM proteins. 
  • IRGM3 contributes to immunopathology and is required for differentiation of antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells in experimental cerebral malaria. 
  • Id Proteins Suppress E2A-Driven Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Development prior to TCR Selection. 
  • Id1 and Id3 are required for neurogenesis, angiogenesis and vascularization of tumour xenografts. 
  • Id2 Collaborates with Id3 To Suppress Invariant NKT and Innate-like Tumors. 
  • Id3 Restricts γδ NKT Cell Expansion by Controlling Egr2 and c-Myc Activity. 
  • Id3 and Id2 act as a dual safety mechanism in regulating the development and population size of innate-like γδ T cells. 
  • Id3 restricts the developmental potential of gamma delta lineage during thymopoiesis. 
  • Identification of CD146 as a marker enriched for tumor-propagating capacity reveals targetable pathways in primary human sarcoma. 
  • Identification of E2A target genes in B lymphocyte development by using a gene tagging-based chromatin immunoprecipitation system. 
  • Identification of PSD-95 as a regulator of dopamine-mediated synaptic and behavioral plasticity. 
  • Identification of a new transmembrane adaptor protein that constitutively binds Grb2 in B cells. 
  • Identification of a tissue-specific, C/EBPβ-dependent pathway of differentiation for murine peritoneal macrophages. 
  • Identification of potential cytokine pathways for therapeutic intervention in murine primary biliary cirrhosis. 
  • Identification of specific EP receptors responsible for the hemodynamic effects of PGE2. 
  • IgG-Immune Complexes Promote B Cell Memory by Inducing BAFF. 
  • Images in neuroscience. A mouse knockout. 
  • Images in neuroscience. Molecular biology, II. A dopamine transporter mouse knockout. 
  • Immunodominant liver-specific expression suppresses transgene-directed immune responses in murine pompe disease. 
  • Immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 1 mediates fat-stimulated cholecystokinin secretion. 
  • Immunological disruption of antiangiogenic signals by recruited allospecific T cells leads to corneal allograft rejection. 
  • Impaired cytoskeletal organization and membrane integrity in lens fibers of a Rho GTPase functional knockout transgenic mouse. 
  • Impaired degranulation but enhanced cytokine production after Fc epsilonRI stimulation of diacylglycerol kinase zeta-deficient mast cells. 
  • Impaired fear response in mice lacking GIT1. 
  • Impaired immune responses and B-cell proliferation in mice lacking the Id3 gene. 
  • Impaired insulin secretion and enhanced insulin sensitivity in cholecystokinin-deficient mice. 
  • Impaired liver regeneration in inducible nitric oxide synthasedeficient mice. 
  • Impaired macrophage function underscores susceptibility to Salmonella in mice lacking Irgm1 (LRG-47). 
  • Impaired photoreceptor protein transport and synaptic transmission in a mouse model of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. 
  • Impaired social recognition memory in recombination activating gene 1-deficient mice. 
  • Impairment of the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers in apolipoprotein e knockout mice. 
  • Importance of the intracellular domain of NR2 subunits for NMDA receptor function in vivo. 
  • Important role of endogenous norepinephrine and epinephrine in the development of in vivo pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. 
  • Improved efficacy of gene therapy approaches for Pompe disease using a new, immune-deficient GSD-II mouse model. 
  • Improved survival and reduced phenotypic severity following AAV9/MECP2 gene transfer to neonatal and juvenile male Mecp2 knockout mice. 
  • Improving feature detection and analysis of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectra. 
  • In the absence of aminopeptidase ERAAP, MHC class I molecules present many unstable and highly immunogenic peptides. 
  • In vivo expansion, persistence, and function of peptide vaccine-induced CD8 T cells occur independently of CD4 T cells. 
  • Inactivation of LRG-47 and IRG-47 reveals a family of interferon gamma-inducible genes with essential, pathogen-specific roles in resistance to infection. 
  • Inactivation of the dopamine transporter reveals essential roles of dopamine in the control of locomotion, psychostimulant response, and pituitary function. 
  • Inactivation of the tumour suppressor, PTEN, in smooth muscle promotes a pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhances neointima formation. 
  • Increased Ca2+ signaling through CaV1.2 promotes bone formation and prevents estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. 
  • Increased MPTP neurotoxicity in vesicular monoamine transporter 2 heterozygote knockout mice. 
  • Increased Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling Underlies Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder-like Behavioral and Striatal Circuit Abnormalities in Mice. 
  • Increased T follicular helper cells and germinal center B cells are required for cGVHD and bronchiolitis obliterans. 
  • Increased acute inflammation, leukotriene B4-induced chemotaxis, and signaling in mice deficient for G protein-coupled receptor kinase 6. 
  • Increased hepatic fibrosis and JNK2-dependent liver injury in mice exhibiting hepatocyte-specific deletion of cFLIP. 
  • Increased immunogenicity of a DNA-launched Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based replicon DNA vaccine. 
  • Increased methamphetamine neurotoxicity in heterozygous vesicular monoamine transporter 2 knock-out mice. 
  • Increased proteasomal activity supports photoreceptor survival in inherited retinal degeneration. 
  • Increased rewarding properties of morphine in dopamine-transporter knockout mice. 
  • Increased skin carcinogenesis in caspase-activated DNase knockout mice. 
  • Increased susceptibility of Trpv4-deficient mice to obesity and obesity-induced osteoarthritis with very high-fat diet. 
  • Increased tissue perfusion promotes capillary dysplasia in the ALK1-deficient mouse brain following VEGF stimulation. 
  • Increased vasoconstrictor response of the mouse lacking angiotensin II type 2 receptor. 
  • Independent requirements for Hedgehog signaling by both the anterior heart field and neural crest cells for outflow tract development. 
  • Induced sensitization of tumor stroma leads to eradication of established cancer by T cells. 
  • Inducible Fgf13 ablation enhances caveolae-mediated cardioprotection during cardiac pressure overload. 
  • Inducible and conditional deletion of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 disrupts adult hippocampal neurogenesis. 
  • Induction of HIV-1 broad neutralizing antibodies in 2F5 knock-in mice: selection against membrane proximal external region-associated autoreactivity limits T-dependent responses. 
  • Inferior Olivary TMEM16B Mediates Cerebellar Motor Learning. 
  • Inflammation and functional iron deficiency regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 production. 
  • Inflammation controls B lymphopoiesis by regulating chemokine CXCL12 expression. 
  • Inflammation influences vascular remodeling through AT2 receptor expression and signaling. 
  • Inflammation-Dependent IL18 Signaling Restricts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth by Enhancing the Accumulation and Activity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. 
  • Inflammation-associated repression of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) reduces alveolar-capillary barrier function during acute lung injury. 
  • Influence of CD4 T cells and the source of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted peptides on cytotoxic T-cell priming by dendritic cells. 
  • Inhibition of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 stimulates osteoblast formation and inhibits osteoclast differentiation. 
  • Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Impairs Ventricular Function and Promotes Cardiac Fibrosis in High Fat-Fed Diabetic Mice. 
  • Inhibition of NADPH oxidase by apocynin attenuates progression of atherosclerosis. 
  • Inhibition of Pten deficient Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer by Targeting of the SET - PP2A Signaling axis. 
  • Inhibition of adenosine-1 receptor-mediated preglomerular vasoconstriction in AT1A receptor-deficient mice. 
  • Inhibition of adult neurogenesis by inducible and targeted deletion of ERK5 mitogen-activated protein kinase specifically in adult neurogenic regions impairs contextual fear extinction and remote fear memory. 
  • Inhibition of iNOS attenuates skeletal muscle reperfusion injury in extracellular superoxide dismutase knockout mice. 
  • Inhibition of mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain by TLR5-mediated A-fiber blockade. 
  • Inhibition of neuronal maturation in primary hippocampal neurons from tau deficient mice. 
  • Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Enhances the Apoptosis Induced by Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. 
  • Inhibition of receptor-localized PI3K preserves cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor function and ameliorates pressure overload heart failure. 
  • Inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2 downregulates the expression of c-Myc and Mcl-1 and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma. 
  • Inhibition of the dopamine D1 receptor signaling by PSD-95. 
  • Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. 
  • Innate Immune Cell Recovery Is Positively Regulated by NLRP12 during Emergency Hematopoiesis. 
  • Innate immune activation potentiates alloimmune lung disease independent of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3. 
  • Innate immune response to adenoviral vectors is mediated by both Toll-like receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. 
  • Innate immunity against vaccinia virus is mediated by TLR2 and requires TLR-independent production of IFN-beta. 
  • Inner ear abnormalities in a Kcnq1 (Kvlqt1) knockout mouse: a model of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome. 
  • Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase a functions as a scaffold for synaptic Rac signaling. 
  • Insulin resistance and altered systemic glucose metabolism in mice lacking Nur77. 
  • Insulin-stimulated cardiac glucose oxidation is increased in high-fat diet-induced obese mice lacking malonyl CoA decarboxylase. 
  • Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic profiling of mouse lung development and Nmyc target genes. 
  • Integrin beta 1 regulates phagosome maturation in macrophages through Rac expression. 
  • Integrin-linked kinase regulates p38 MAPK-dependent cell cycle arrest in ureteric bud development. 
  • Interaction of CRF and kappa opioid systems on GABAergic neurotransmission in the mouse central amygdala. 
  • Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and L-selectin regulate bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. 
  • Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 deficiency attenuates the development of skin fibrosis in tight-skin mice. 
  • Intercellular growth factor signaling and the development of mouse tracheal submucosal glands. 
  • Interferon-β therapy against EAE is effective only when development of the disease depends on the NLRP3 inflammasome. 
  • Interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R1) activation exacerbates toxin-induced acute kidney injury. 
  • Interleukin-1 Receptor Activation Potentiates Salt Reabsorption in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension via the NKCC2 Co-transporter in the Nephron. 
  • Interleukin-6 as a photoreceptor neuroprotectant in an experimental model of retinal detachment. 
  • Interleukin-6 protects liver against warm ischemia/reperfusion injury and promotes hepatocyte proliferation in the rodent. 
  • Interleukin-7 receptor alpha is essential for the development of gamma delta + T cells, but not natural killer cells. 
  • Interrupted Glucagon Signaling Reveals Hepatic α Cell Axis and Role for L-Glutamine in α Cell Proliferation. 
  • Intestinal DMT1 is critical for iron absorption in the mouse but is not required for the absorption of copper or manganese. 
  • Intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevents metabolic syndrome in mice. 
  • Intestinal alkaline phosphatase promotes gut bacterial growth by reducing the concentration of luminal nucleotide triphosphates. 
  • Intestinal, but not hepatic, ChREBP is required for fructose tolerance. 
  • Intracellular biosynthesis of lipids and cholesterol by Scap and Insig in mesenchymal cells regulates long bone growth and chondrocyte homeostasis. 
  • Intracerebral adeno-associated virus gene delivery of apolipoprotein E2 markedly reduces brain amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. 
  • Intrinsic IL-21 signaling is critical for CD8 T cell survival and memory formation in response to vaccinia viral infection. 
  • Intrinsic Xenobiotic Resistance of the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche. 
  • Involvement of P311 in the affective, but not in the sensory component of pain. 
  • Involvement of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Member A1 activation in the irritation and pain response elicited by skin-lightening reagent hydroquinone. 
  • Irgm1 (LRG-47), a regulator of cell-autonomous immunity, does not localize to mycobacterial or listerial phagosomes in IFN-γ-induced mouse cells. 
  • Irgm1 protects hematopoietic stem cells by negative regulation of IFN signaling. 
  • Irgm1-deficient mice exhibit Paneth cell abnormalities and increased susceptibility to acute intestinal inflammation. 
  • Iron importers Zip8 and Zip14 are expressed in retina and regulated by retinal iron levels. 
  • Iron metabolism in mice with partial frataxin deficiency. 
  • Isoform-Specific Effects of Wild-Type Ras Genes on Carcinogen-Induced Lung Tumorigenesis in Mice. 
  • Isoform-specific requirement for Akt1 in the developmental regulation of cellular metabolism during lactation. 
  • Isolation of oligodendrocyte-like cells from human umbilical cord blood. 
  • Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase deficiency in mice. 
  • JNK-induced MCP-1 production in spinal cord astrocytes contributes to central sensitization and neuropathic pain. 
  • JNK1 is required to preserve cardiac function in the early response to pressure overload. 
  • JunB promotes Th17 cell identity and restrains alternative CD4+ T-cell programs during inflammation. 
  • KASH protein Syne-2/Nesprin-2 and SUN proteins SUN1/2 mediate nuclear migration during mammalian retinal development. 
  • Kalirin promotes neointimal hyperplasia by activating Rac in smooth muscle cells. 
  • Keratocan and lumican regulate neutrophil infiltration and corneal clarity in lipopolysaccharide-induced keratitis by direct interaction with CXCL1. 
  • Kindling and associated mossy fibre sprouting are not affected in mice deficient of NGFI-A/NGFI-B genes. 
  • Knock-in mutation of the distal four tyrosines of linker for activation of T cells blocks murine T cell development. 
  • Knockout mice as experimental models of virulence. 
  • Knockout of the norepinephrine transporter and pharmacologically diverse antidepressants prevent behavioral and brain neurotrophin alterations in two chronic stress models of depression. 
  • Knockout of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 gene results in neonatal death and supersensitivity to cocaine and amphetamine. 
  • Kruppel-like factor 15 is critical for vascular inflammation. 
  • Kruppel-like factor 15 is required for the cardiac adaptive response to fasting. 
  • Kruppel-like factor 4 is critical for transcriptional control of cardiac mitochondrial homeostasis. 
  • L-selectin and beta7 integrin synergistically mediate lymphocyte migration to mesenteric lymph nodes. 
  • L-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 regulate the development of Concanavalin A-induced liver injury. 
  • L-selectin is involved in lymphocyte migration to sites of inflammation in the skin: delayed rejection of allografts in L-selectin-deficient mice. 
  • L-selectin is not required for T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes. 
  • L-selectin or ICAM-1 deficiency reduces an immediate-type hypersensitivity response by preventing mast cell recruitment in repeated elicitation of contact hypersensitivity. 
  • L-selectin shedding does not regulate constitutive T cell trafficking but controls the migration pathways of antigen-activated T lymphocytes. 
  • LAB/NTAL facilitates fungal/PAMP-induced IL-12 and IFN-γ production by repressing β-catenin activation in dendritic cells. 
  • LAB: a new membrane-associated adaptor molecule in B cell activation. 
  • LKB1 reduces ROS-mediated cell damage via activation of p38. 
  • LRRK2 inhibition attenuates microglial inflammatory responses. 
  • LRRK2 secretion in exosomes is regulated by 14-3-3. 
  • Lack of annexin 1 results in an increase in corticotroph number in male but not female mice. 
  • Lack of galectin-1 or galectin-3 alters B cell deletion and anergy in an autoantibody transgene model. 
  • Lack of requirement of osteopontin for inflammation, bone erosion, and cartilage damage in the K/BxN model of autoantibody-mediated arthritis. 
  • Lack of the P2X7 receptor protects against AMD-like defects and microparticle accumulation in a chronic oxidative stress-induced mouse model of AMD. 
  • Leptin directly promotes T-cell glycolytic metabolism to drive effector T-cell differentiation in a mouse model of autoimmunity. 
  • Leptin metabolically licenses T cells for activation to link nutrition and immunity. 
  • Leukocyte entry into sites of inflammation requires overlapping interactions between the L-selectin and ICAM-1 pathways. 
  • Leukocyte iNOS is required for inflammation and pathological remodeling in ischemic heart failure. 
  • Leukocyte rolling velocities and migration are optimized by cooperative L-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 functions. 
  • Leukocyte-derived IL-10 reduces subepithelial fibrosis associated with chronically inhaled endotoxin. 
  • Life without myoglobin. 
  • Lineage-specific compaction of Tcrb requires a chromatin barrier to protect the function of a long-range tethering element. 
  • Linking prostate cancer cell AR heterogeneity to distinct castration and enzalutamide responses. 
  • Lis1 is essential for cortical microtubule organization and desmosome stability in the epidermis. 
  • Lithium antagonizes dopamine-dependent behaviors mediated by an AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling cascade. 
  • Lithium treatment of APPSwDI/NOS2-/- mice leads to reduced hyperphosphorylated tau, increased amyloid deposition and altered inflammatory phenotype. 
  • Liver X receptors alpha and beta regulate renin expression in vivo. 
  • Liver receptor homolog-1 is a critical determinant of methyl-pool metabolism. 
  • Liver-specific deletion of augmenter of liver regeneration accelerates development of steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. 
  • Liver-specific loss of beta-catenin blocks glutamine synthesis pathway activity and cytochrome p450 expression in mice. 
  • Liver-specific loss of beta-catenin results in delayed hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy. 
  • Liver-specific loss of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1 decreases triacylglycerol synthesis and beta-oxidation and alters phospholipid fatty acid composition. 
  • Local knockdown of genes in the brain using small interfering RNA: a phenotypic comparison with knockout animals. 
  • Long-chain Acylcarnitines Reduce Lung Function by Inhibiting Pulmonary Surfactant. 
  • Long-range function of secreted small nucleolar RNAs that direct 2'-O-methylation. 
  • Long-term correction of glycogen storage disease type II with a hybrid Ad-AAV vector. 
  • Long-term efficacy after [E1-, polymerase-] adenovirus-mediated transfer of human acid-alpha-glucosidase gene into glycogen storage disease type II knockout mice. 
  • Long-term type 1 diabetes influences haematopoietic stem cells by reducing vascular repair potential and increasing inflammatory monocyte generation in a murine model. 
  • Longitudinal study of differential protein expression in an Alzheimer's mouse model lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. 
  • Longitudinal study of urinary excretion of phosphate, calcium, and uric acid in mutant NHERF-1 null mice. 
  • Loss of Arf4 causes severe degeneration of the exocrine pancreas but not cystic kidney disease or retinal degeneration. 
  • Loss of Bardet-Biedl syndrome protein-8 (BBS8) perturbs olfactory function, protein localization, and axon targeting. 
  • Loss of Bladder Epithelium Induced by Cytolytic Mast Cell Granules. 
  • Loss of Cdc42 leads to defects in synaptic plasticity and remote memory recall. 
  • Loss of LDAH associated with prostate cancer and hearing loss. 
  • Loss of MPZL3 function causes seborrhoeic dermatitis-like phenotype in mice. 
  • Loss of NR1 subunit of NMDARs in primary sensory neurons leads to hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity: involvement of Ca(2+)-activated small conductance potassium channels. 
  • Loss of Smad3-mediated negative regulation of Runx2 activity leads to an alteration in cell fate determination. 
  • Loss of WAVE-1 causes sensorimotor retardation and reduced learning and memory in mice. 
  • Loss of Wnt5a disrupts second heart field cell deployment and may contribute to OFT malformations in DiGeorge syndrome. 
  • Loss of autoreceptor functions in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. 
  • Loss of cartilage structure, stiffness, and frictional properties in mice lacking PRG4. 
  • Loss of deacetylation activity of Hdac6 affects emotional behavior in mice. 
  • Loss of epithelial oestrogen receptor α inhibits oestrogen-stimulated prostate proliferation and squamous metaplasia via in vivo tissue selective knockout models. 
  • Loss of sirtuin 4 leads to elevated glucose- and leucine-stimulated insulin levels and accelerated age-induced insulin resistance in multiple murine genetic backgrounds. 
  • Loss of tau elicits axonal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Loss of the Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme UBE2W Results in Susceptibility to Early Postnatal Lethality and Defects in Skin, Immune, and Male Reproductive Systems. 
  • Loss of the perforin cytotoxic pathway predisposes mice to experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis. 
  • Lrp4 regulates initiation of ureteric budding and is crucial for kidney formation--a mouse model for Cenani-Lenz syndrome. 
  • Lung effector memory and activated CD4+ T cells display enhanced proliferation in surfactant protein A-deficient mice during allergen-mediated inflammation. 
  • Lung inflammation stalls Th17-cell migration en route to the central nervous system during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • Lupus-specific antiribonucleoprotein B cell tolerance in nonautoimmune mice is maintained by differentiation to B-1 and governed by B cell receptor signaling thresholds. 
  • Lymphocyte accumulation in the spleen of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma-deficient mice. 
  • Lymphotoxin alpha/beta and tumor necrosis factor are required for stromal cell expression of homing chemokines in B and T cell areas of the spleen. 
  • MDM2-HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of p53 is required for its degradation. 
  • MDMA "ecstasy" alters hyperactive and perseverative behaviors in dopamine transporter knockout mice. 
  • MEKK3 is essential for lymphopenia-induced T cell proliferation and survival. 
  • ML314: A Biased Neurotensin Receptor Ligand for Methamphetamine Abuse. 
  • Macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts are the main producers of eotaxins and regulate eosinophil trafficking to the heart. 
  • Magnetic resonance imaging at microscopic resolution reveals subtle morphological changes in a mouse model of dopaminergic hyperfunction. 
  • Male germ cells and photoreceptors, both dependent on close cell-cell interactions, degenerate upon ClC-2 Cl(-) channel disruption. 
  • Male mice deficient in microsomal epoxide hydrolase are not susceptible to benzene-induced toxicity. 
  • Male-to-female sex reversal in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor 9. 
  • Manganese superoxide dismutase is a mitochondrial fidelity protein that protects Polγ against UV-induced inactivation. 
  • Manganese superoxide dismutase-mediated inside-out signaling in HaCaT human keratinocytes and SKH-1 mouse skin. 
  • Marked induction of the helix-loop-helix protein Id3 promotes the gammadelta T cell fate and renders their functional maturation Notch independent. 
  • Mast cell TNF receptors regulate responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in surfactant protein A (SP-A)-/- mice. 
  • Mast cells are critical for protection against peptic ulcers induced by the NSAID piroxicam. 
  • Mast cells in tumor microenvironment promotes the in vivo growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. 
  • Maximal adjuvant activity of nasally delivered IL-1α requires adjuvant-responsive CD11c(+) cells and does not correlate with adjuvant-induced in vivo cytokine production. 
  • Mcl-1 promotes survival of thymocytes by inhibition of Bak in a pathway separate from Bcl-2. 
  • MeCP2 reinforces STAT3 signaling and the generation of effector CD4+ T cells by promoting miR-124-mediated suppression of SOCS5. 
  • Mechanisms of amphetamine action revealed in mice lacking the dopamine transporter. 
  • Mechanistic basis for the failure of cone transducin to translocate: why cones are never blinded by light. 
  • Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 is critical for invariant natural killer T-cell development and effector function. 
  • Mekk3 is essential for early embryonic cardiovascular development. 
  • Melanocortin-4 receptor is required for acute homeostatic responses to increased dietary fat. 
  • Menthol attenuates respiratory irritation responses to multiple cigarette smoke irritants. 
  • Menthol decreases oral nicotine aversion in C57BL/6 mice through a TRPM8-dependent mechanism. 
  • MerTK Cleavage on Resident Cardiac Macrophages Compromises Repair After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. 
  • Mercury-induced cognitive impairment in metallothionein-1/2 null mice. 
  • Mesenchymal Tumors Can Derive from Ng2/Cspg4-Expressing Pericytes with β-Catenin Modulating the Neoplastic Phenotype. 
  • Mesenchymal high-grade glioma is maintained by the ID-RAP1 axis. 
  • Metabolic Catastrophe in Mice Lacking Transferrin Receptor in Muscle. 
  • Metabolic dysfunction in lymphocytes promotes postoperative morbidity. 
  • Metabolic profiling of PPARalpha-/- mice reveals defects in carnitine and amino acid homeostasis that are partially reversed by oral carnitine supplementation. 
  • Metabolism and vascular fatty acid transport. 
  • Metabolism of chloroform by cytochrome P450 2E1 is required for induction of toxicity in the liver, kidney, and nose of male mice. 
  • Metabolites from apoptotic thymocytes inhibit thymopoiesis in adenosine deaminase-deficient fetal thymic organ cultures. 
  • Metabolomics-assisted proteomics identifies succinylation and SIRT5 as important regulators of cardiac function. 
  • Metallothionein expression and neurocognitive function in mice. 
  • Metallothionein in the central nervous system: Roles in protection, regeneration and cognition. 
  • Methionine metabolism is essential for SIRT1-regulated mouse embryonic stem cell maintenance and embryonic development. 
  • Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. 
  • Mice deficient for the secreted glycoprotein SPARC/osteonectin/BM40 develop normally but show severe age-onset cataract formation and disruption of the lens. 
  • Mice deficient in LRG-47 display enhanced susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi infection associated with defective hemopoiesis and intracellular control of parasite growth. 
  • Mice deficient in LRG-47 display increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infection associated with the induction of lymphopenia. 
  • Mice deficient in endothelin-converting enzyme-2 exhibit abnormal responses to morphine and altered peptide levels in the spinal cord. 
  • Mice lacking Homer 1 exhibit a skeletal myopathy characterized by abnormal transient receptor potential channel activity. 
  • Mice lacking synapsin III show abnormalities in explicit memory and conditioned fear. 
  • Mice lacking the dopamine transporter display altered regulation of distal colonic motility. 
  • Mice lacking the norepinephrine transporter are supersensitive to psychostimulants. 
  • Mice lacking the p53-effector gene Gadd45a develop a lupus-like syndrome. 
  • Mice mutant for Egfr and Shp2 have defective cardiac semilunar valvulogenesis. 
  • Mice with a deletion in the gene for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta are protected against diet-induced obesity. 
  • Mice with reduced NMDA receptor expression display behaviors related to schizophrenia. 
  • Mice without myoglobin. 
  • Micro-RNA 21 inhibition of SMAD7 enhances fibrogenesis via leptin-mediated NADPH oxidase in experimental and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • MicroRNA-17-92 controls T-cell responses in graft-versus-host disease and leukemia relapse in mice. 
  • MicroRNA-31 negatively regulates peripherally derived regulatory T-cell generation by repressing retinoic acid-inducible protein 3. 
  • Microarray analysis of knockout mice identifies cyclin D2 as a possible mediator for the action of thyroid hormone during the postnatal development of the cerebellum. 
  • Microarray identification of FMRP-associated brain mRNAs and altered mRNA translational profiles in fragile X syndrome. 
  • Middle-aged human apoE4 targeted-replacement mice show retention deficits on a wide range of spatial memory tasks. 
  • Minimal phenotype of mice homozygous for a null mutation in the forkhead/winged helix gene, Mf2. 
  • Minimal requirement of tyrosine residues of linker for activation of T cells in TCR signaling and thymocyte development. 
  • Mitochondrial acetylome analysis in a mouse model of alcohol-induced liver injury utilizing SIRT3 knockout mice. 
  • Mitochondrial basis for immune deficiency. Evidence from purine nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient mice. 
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in CA1 hippocampal neurons of the UBE3A deficient mouse model for Angelman syndrome. 
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in ataxia-telangiectasia. 
  • Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-1 is essential in liver for the metabolism of excess acyl-CoAs. 
  • Mitochondrial overload and incomplete fatty acid oxidation contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. 
  • Mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1 is essential for cardiolipin biosynthesis. 
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 promotes neovascularization and angiogenic gene expression. 
  • Mitral cells in the olfactory bulb are mainly excited through a multistep signaling path. 
  • Mixed messages: modulation of inflammation and immune responses by prostaglandins and thromboxanes. 
  • Mnk1 and 2 are dispensable for T cell development and activation but important for the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • Model peptides provide new insights into the role of histidine residues as potential ligands in human cellular copper acquisition via Ctr1. 
  • Models of dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling. 
  • Modifier locus on mouse chromosome 3 for renal vascular pathology in AT1A receptor-deficiency. 
  • Modular utilization of distal cis-regulatory elements controls Ifng gene expression in T cells activated by distinct stimuli. 
  • Modulation of intestinal sulfur assimilation metabolism regulates iron homeostasis. 
  • Modulation of taste responsiveness by the satiation hormone peptide YY. 
  • Molecular dissection of the miR-17-92 cluster's critical dual roles in promoting Th1 responses and preventing inducible Treg differentiation. 
  • Molecular manipulations of extracellular superoxide dismutase: functional importance for learning. 
  • Molecular recognition of S-nitrosothiol substrate by its cognate protein denitrosylase. 
  • Monoamine transporter pharmacology and mutant mice. 
  • Monoamine transporters: from genes to behavior. 
  • Morphine side effects in beta-arrestin 2 knockout mice. 
  • Morphogenesis and Compartmentalization of the Intestinal Crypt. 
  • Morphogenesis in skin is governed by discrete sets of differentially expressed microRNAs. 
  • Morphologic phenotyping with MR microscopy: the visible mouse. 
  • Morphological, biochemical, and genetic support for an apolipoprotein E effect on microtubular metabolism. 
  • Mouse keratin 4 is necessary for internal epithelial integrity. 
  • Mouse model of Timothy syndrome recapitulates triad of autistic traits. 
  • Mouse model of glycogen storage disease type III. 
  • Mouse models for studying genetic influences on factors determining smoking cessation success in humans. 
  • Mouse models of diabetic nephropathy. 
  • Mouse retinal pigmented epithelial cell lines retain their phenotypic characteristics after transfection with human papilloma virus: a new tool to further the study of RPE biology. 
  • Msh6 protects mature B cells from lymphoma by preserving genomic stability. 
  • Mst1/Mst2 regulate development and function of regulatory T cells through modulation of Foxo1/Foxo3 stability in autoimmune disease. 
  • Mu-opioid receptor desensitization by beta-arrestin-2 determines morphine tolerance but not dependence. 
  • Mu-opioid receptors selectively regulate basal inhibitory transmission in the central amygdala: lack of ethanol interactions. 
  • MuRF2 regulates PPARγ1 activity to protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy and enhance weight gain induced by a high fat diet. 
  • Mucosal adjuvant effect of cholera toxin in mice results from induction of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and IL-4. 
  • Multiple constraints at the level of TCRalpha rearrangement impact Valpha14i NKT cell development. 
  • Multiple gamma c-dependent cytokines regulate T-cell development. 
  • Multiple innate inflammatory responses induced after systemic adenovirus vector delivery depend on a functional complement system. 
  • Multiple phenotypic changes in mice after knockout of the B3gnt5 gene, encoding Lc3 synthase--a key enzyme in lacto-neolacto ganglioside synthesis. 
  • Multiple roles for the active zone protein RIM1alpha in late stages of neurotransmitter release. 
  • Multiple, conserved cryptic recombination signals in VH gene segments: detection of cleavage products only in pro B cells. 
  • Multiscale imaging characterization of dopamine transporter knockout mice reveals regional alterations in spine density of medium spiny neurons. 
  • Multistrain genetic comparisons reveal CCR5 as a receptor involved in airway hyperresponsiveness. 
  • Munc13-1 is required for presynaptic long-term potentiation. 
  • Murine cytomegalovirus retinitis during retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency (MAIDS) in mice: interleukin-2 immunotherapy correlates with increased intraocular levels of perforin mRNA. 
  • Murine forkhead/winged helix genes Foxc1 (Mf1) and Foxc2 (Mfh1) are required for the early organogenesis of the kidney and urinary tract. 
  • Murine low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP) is required for phagocytosis of targets bearing LRP ligands but is not required for C1q-triggered enhancement of phagocytosis. 
  • Murine natural killer immunoreceptors use distinct proximal signaling complexes to direct cell function. 
  • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 modulates odorant receptor activity via inhibition of β-arrestin-2 recruitment. 
  • Muscarinic supersensitivity and impaired receptor desensitization in G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5-deficient mice. 
  • Muscle ring finger-3 protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy induced by a high fat diet. 
  • Muscle-specific deletion of carnitine acetyltransferase compromises glucose tolerance and metabolic flexibility. 
  • Mutation E169K in junctophilin-2 causes atrial fibrillation due to impaired RyR2 stabilization. 
  • Mutation of the E6-AP ubiquitin ligase reduces nuclear inclusion frequency while accelerating polyglutamine-induced pathology in SCA1 mice. 
  • Mutations of HNF-1beta inhibit epithelial morphogenesis through dysregulation of SOCS-3. 
  • Myc requires distinct E2F activities to induce S phase and apoptosis. 
  • Myeloid Krüppel-like factor 4 deficiency augments atherogenesis in ApoE-/- mice--brief report. 
  • Myogenic stem cell function is impaired in mice lacking the forkhead/winged helix protein MNF. 
  • N-aryl piperazine metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 positive allosteric modulators possess efficacy in preclinical models of NMDA hypofunction and cognitive enhancement. 
  • N-desalkylquetiapine, a potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and partial 5-HT1A agonist, as a putative mediator of quetiapine's antidepressant activity. 
  • N-formyl peptide receptors internalize but do not recycle in the absence of arrestins. 
  • N-linked glycosylation of protease-activated receptor-1 at extracellular loop 2 regulates G-protein signaling bias. 
  • NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 is essential for ozone-induced oxidative stress in mice and humans. 
  • NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 regulates neutrophil elastase-induced mucous cell metaplasia. 
  • NAD+ modulates p53 DNA binding specificity and function. 
  • NCoR1-independent mechanism plays a role in the action of the unliganded thyroid hormone receptor. 
  • NF-kappaB and AP-1 connection: mechanism of NF-kappaB-dependent regulation of AP-1 activity. 
  • NHERF-1 uniquely transduces the cAMP signals that inhibit sodium-hydrogen exchange in mouse renal apical membranes. 
  • NK cell-extrinsic IL-18 signaling is required for efficient NK-cell activation by vaccinia virus. 
  • NKG2D is required for NK cell activation and function in response to E1-deleted adenovirus. 
  • NLRC3 negatively regulates CD4+ T cells and impacts protective immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. 
  • NLRP3 inflammasome induces chemotactic immune cell migration to the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • NLRX1 Sequesters STING to Negatively Regulate the Interferon Response, Thereby Facilitating the Replication of HIV-1 and DNA Viruses. 
  • NO and superoxide: opposite ends of the seesaw in cardiac contractility. 
  • NO synthase 2 (NOS2) deletion promotes multiple pathologies in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. 
  • NOS2 regulation of NF-kappaB by S-nitrosylation of p65. 
  • NOX2 protects against prolonged inflammation, lung injury, and mortality following systemic insults. 
  • NPAS3 is a trachealess homolog critical for lung development and homeostasis. 
  • Nasal vaccination with troponin reduces troponin specific T-cell responses and improves heart function in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. 
  • Natural IgM Switches the Function of Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells to a Regulatory Dendritic Cell That Suppresses Innate Inflammation. 
  • Natural allelic variation of the IL-21 receptor modulates ischemic stroke infarct volume. 
  • Natural and inducible TH17 cells are regulated differently by Akt and mTOR pathways. 
  • Natural antibody and complement mediate neutralization of influenza virus in the absence of prior immunity. 
  • Near-infrared spectrometry of abdominal aortic aneurysm in the ApoE-/- mouse. 
  • Necroptosis-independent signaling by the RIP kinases in inflammation. 
  • Negative control of mast cell degranulation and the anaphylactic response by the phosphatase lipin1. 
  • Negative regulation of lymphocyte activation by the adaptor protein LAX. 
  • Neonatal co-infection with helicobacter species markedly accelerates the development of inflammation-associated colonic neoplasia in IL-10(-/-) mice. 
  • Neonates support lymphopenia-induced proliferation. 
  • Neprilysin is a Mediator of Alternative Renin-Angiotensin-System Activation in the Murine and Human Kidney. 
  • Nervous system defects of AnkyrinB (-/-) mice suggest functional overlap between the cell adhesion molecule L1 and 440-kD AnkyrinB in premyelinated axons. 
  • Neural crest and cardiovascular development: a 20-year perspective. 
  • Neuroactive steroids, mood stabilizers, and neuroplasticity: alterations following lithium and changes in Bcl-2 knockout mice. 
  • Neuroendocrine effects of dehydration in mice lacking the angiotensin AT1a receptor. 
  • Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor is required in antigen-induced cystitis. 
  • Neuron-specific SUMO knockdown suppresses global gene expression response and worsens functional outcome after transient forebrain ischemia in mice. 
  • Neuronal GLP1R mediates liraglutide's anorectic but not glucose-lowering effect. 
  • Neuronal IL-4Rα modulates neuronal apoptosis and cell viability during the acute phases of cerebral ischemia. 
  • Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: a common pathway? 
  • Neuropathic pain activates the endogenous kappa opioid system in mouse spinal cord and induces opioid receptor tolerance. 
  • Neuropathology in respiratory-related motoneurons in young Pompe (Gaa(-/-)) mice. 
  • Neurotrophin-3 signaling maintains maturational homeostasis between neuronal populations in the olfactory epithelium. 
  • New insights into adenosine-receptor-mediated immunosuppression and the role of adenosine in causing the immunodeficiency associated with adenosine deaminase deficiency. 
  • New mass spectrometric assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity. 
  • Newborn, carrier, and early childhood screening recommendations for fragile X. 
  • Nicotine activates TRPM5-dependent and independent taste pathways. 
  • Nicotinic alpha7- or beta2-containing receptor knockout: effects on radial-arm maze learning and long-term nicotine consumption in mice. 
  • Nitric oxide as an inflammatory mediator in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice. 
  • Nitric oxide mediates relative airway hyporesponsiveness to lipopolysaccharide in surfactant protein A-deficient mice. 
  • Nitric oxide regulation of myocardial contractility and calcium cycling: independent impact of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthases. 
  • Nitric oxide synthase-2 induction optimizes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis after endotoxemia. 
  • Nitric oxide synthase-2 regulates mitochondrial Hsp60 chaperone function during bacterial peritonitis in mice. 
  • Nitric oxide-mediated intracellular growth restriction of pathogenic Rhodococcus equi can be prevented by iron. 
  • Nkx6.1 regulates islet β-cell proliferation via Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 nuclear receptors. 
  • Nociceptive neurons regulate innate and adaptive immunity and neuropathic pain through MyD88 adapter. 
  • Nogo receptor 1 is expressed by nearly all retinal ganglion cells. 
  • Noncanonical role of transferrin receptor 1 is essential for intestinal homeostasis. 
  • Noradrenergic control of cortico-striato-thalamic and mesolimbic cross-structural synchrony. 
  • Norepinephrine induces hepatic fibrogenesis in leptin deficient ob/ob mice. 
  • Norepinephrine regulates hepatic innate immune system in leptin-deficient mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Norepinephrine transport-mediated gene expression in noradrenergic neurogenesis. 
  • Norepinephrine transporter knockout-induced up-regulation of brain alpha2A/C-adrenergic receptors. 
  • Norepinephrine transporter-deficient mice exhibit excessive tachycardia and elevated blood pressure with wakefulness and activity. 
  • Norepinephrine transporter-deficient mice respond to anxiety producing and fearful environments with bradycardia and hypotension. 
  • Notch promotes survival of pre-T cells at the beta-selection checkpoint by regulating cellular metabolism. 
  • Novel role for surfactant protein A in gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. 
  • Novel small leucine-rich repeat protein podocan is a negative regulator of migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, modulates neointima formation, and is expressed in human atheroma. 
  • Novelty seeking and stereotypic activation of behavior in mice with disruption of the Dat1 gene. 
  • Nox1 transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor promotes N-cadherin shedding and smooth muscle cell migration. 
  • Nox4 NADPH oxidase contributes to smooth muscle cell phenotypes associated with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. 
  • Nrf2-mediated protection against 6-hydroxydopamine. 
  • Nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 regulates transcription of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β during adipogenesis. 
  • Nuclear receptors as potential therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Obligatory role for cooperative signaling by pre-TCR and Notch during thymocyte differentiation. 
  • Odorant receptors govern the formation of a precise topographic map. 
  • Oestrogen receptors enhance dopamine neurone survival in rat midbrain. 
  • Of cardiovascular illness and diversity of biological response. 
  • Of mice, birds, and men: the mouse ultrasonic song system has some features similar to humans and song-learning birds. 
  • Olfactory receptor accessory proteins play crucial roles in receptor function and gene choice. 
  • On the physiological importance of endoproteolysis of CAAX proteins: heart-specific RCE1 knockout mice develop a lethal cardiomyopathy. 
  • Oncogenic Ras-induced secretion of IL6 is required for tumorigenesis. 
  • One tissue, two fates: molecular genetic events that underlie testis versus ovary development. 
  • Opposing actions of Stat1 and Stat6 on IL-13-induced up-regulation of early growth response-1 and platelet-derived growth factor ligands in pulmonary fibroblasts. 
  • Opposite function of dopamine D1 and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in striatal cannabinoid-mediated signaling. 
  • Optimal processing of photoreceptor signals is required to maximize behavioural sensitivity. 
  • Oral L-arginine stimulates GLP-1 secretion to improve glucose tolerance in male mice. 
  • Oral feeding with pig peripheral lymphocytes decreases the xenogeneic delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in galactosyltransferase knockout mice. 
  • Oral immunogenicity of the plant proteinase bromelain. 
  • Orphan Gpr182 suppresses ERK-mediated intestinal proliferation during regeneration and adenoma formation. 
  • Orphan nuclear receptors in T lymphocyte development. 
  • Orphan transporter SLC6A18 is renal neutral amino acid transporter B0AT3. 
  • Osteoclast differentiation and function in aquaglyceroporin AQP9-null mice. 
  • Osteopontin and protein kinase C regulate PDLIM2 activation and STAT1 ubiquitination in LPS-treated murine macrophages. 
  • Osteopontin expression is essential for interferon-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. 
  • Osteopontin mediates Stat1 degradation to inhibit iNOS transcription in a cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. 
  • Overload-induced skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodelling and myofibre growth in mice lacking IL-6. 
  • Oxidative stress induces itch via activation of transient receptor potential subtype ankyrin 1 in mice. 
  • Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells by inactivating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. 
  • Oxygen radical inhibition of nitric oxide-dependent vascular function in sickle cell disease. 
  • Oxygen seizure latency and peroxynitrite formation in mice lacking neuronal or endothelial nitric oxide synthases. 
  • Oxygen toxicity and iron accumulation in the lungs of mice lacking heme oxygenase-2. 
  • Ozone inhalation promotes CX3CR1-dependent maturation of resident lung macrophages that limit oxidative stress and inflammation. 
  • PD-1-dependent mechanisms maintain peripheral tolerance of donor-reactive CD8+ T cells to transplanted tissue. 
  • PD-1/PD-L1, but not PD-1/PD-L2, interactions regulate the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. 
  • PD-L1 inhibits acute and chronic pain by suppressing nociceptive neuron activity via PD-1. 
  • PDGFRα + pericryptal stromal cells are the critical source of Wnts and RSPO3 for murine intestinal stem cells in vivo. 
  • PDX-1 is required for pancreatic outgrowth and differentiation of the rostral duodenum. 
  • PECAM-1 dampens cytokine levels during LPS-induced endotoxemia by regulating leukocyte trafficking. 
  • PGC-1α provides a transcriptional framework for synchronous neurotransmitter release from parvalbumin-positive interneurons. 
  • PLEKHG5 deficiency leads to an intermediate form of autosomal-recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. 
  • PMS2 endonuclease activity has distinct biological functions and is essential for genome maintenance. 
  • PPAR alpha ligand protects during cisplatin-induced acute renal failure by preventing inhibition of renal FAO and PDC activity. 
  • PSD-95 is essential for hallucinogen and atypical antipsychotic drug actions at serotonin receptors. 
  • PTH receptor signaling in osteoblasts regulates endochondral vascularization in maintenance of postnatal growth plate. 
  • PTH/PTHrP Receptor Mediates Cachexia in Models of Kidney Failure and Cancer. 
  • PTHrP regulates growth plate chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation in a Gli3 dependent manner utilizing hedgehog ligand dependent and independent mechanisms. 
  • Packaging of an AAV vector encoding human acid alpha-glucosidase for gene therapy in glycogen storage disease type II with a modified hybrid adenovirus-AAV vector. 
  • Palmitoylation of the immunity related GTPase, Irgm1: impact on membrane localization and ability to promote mitochondrial fission. 
  • Paracrine Hedgehog signaling drives metabolic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma. 
  • Paradoxical striatal cellular signaling responses to psychostimulants in hyperactive mice. 
  • Parathyroid hormone inhibits renal phosphate transport by phosphorylation of serine 77 of sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1. 
  • Parental origin impairment of synaptic functions and behaviors in cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 1 (Cyfip1) deficient mice. 
  • Pathogen-specific loss of host resistance in mice lacking the IFN-gamma-inducible gene IGTP. 
  • Pathogenesis of growth failure and partial reversal with gene therapy in murine and canine Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia. 
  • Pathophysiology of SPINK mutations in pancreatic development and disease. 
  • Pattern recognition molecule mindin promotes intranasal clearance of influenza viruses. 
  • Perforin knockout mice, but not mice with MAIDS, show protection against experimental cytomegalovirus retinitis after adoptive transfer of immune cells with a functional perforin cytotoxic pathway. 
  • Periaxin is required for hexagonal geometry and membrane organization of mature lens fibers. 
  • Peripheral nerve and neuromuscular junction pathology in Pompe disease. 
  • Peripheral sensory nerve defects in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. 
  • Peripheral subnuclear positioning suppresses Tcrb recombination and segregates Tcrb alleles from RAG2. 
  • Peritoneal cavity regulatory B cells (B10 cells) modulate IFN-γ+CD4+ T cell numbers during colitis development in mice. 
  • Perivascular tissue factor is down-regulated following cutaneous wounding: implications for bleeding in hemophilia. 
  • Peroxynitrite formation and decreased catalase activity in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice. 
  • Persistent expression of MNF identifies myogenic stem cells in postnatal muscles. 
  • Persistent hyperdopaminergia decreases the peak frequency of hippocampal theta oscillations during quiet waking and REM sleep. 
  • Persisting neurobehavioral effects of developmental copper exposure in wildtype and metallothionein 1 and 2 knockout mice. 
  • Pharmacogenetic Discovery in CALGB (Alliance) 90401 and Mechanistic Validation of a VAC14 Polymorphism that Increases Risk of Docetaxel-Induced Neuropathy. 
  • Pharmacological blockade of a β(2)AR-β-arrestin-1 signaling cascade prevents the accumulation of DNA damage in a behavioral stress model. 
  • Pharmacometabolomic signature of ataxia SCA1 mouse model and lithium effects. 
  • Phenotype correction of hemophilia A mice by spliceosome-mediated RNA trans-splicing. 
  • Phosducin facilitates light-driven transducin translocation in rod photoreceptors. Evidence from the phosducin knockout mouse. 
  • Phosducin regulates the expression of transducin betagamma subunits in rod photoreceptors and does not contribute to phototransduction adaptation. 
  • Phosducin regulates transmission at the photoreceptor-to-ON-bipolar cell synapse. 
  • Phosphatase WIP1 regulates adult neurogenesis and WNT signaling during aging. 
  • Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) regulates hepatic lipogenesis, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, and the secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. 
  • Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors Attenuate the Asthma Phenotype Produced by β2-Adrenoceptor Agonists in Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase-Knockout Mice. 
  • Phospholipase D in TCR-Mediated Signaling and T Cell Activation. 
  • Phosphorylation at tyrosine 262 promotes GADD34 protein turnover. 
  • Phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 (GRK1) is regulated by light but independent of phototransduction in rod photoreceptors. 
  • Phosphorylation-driven assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 complex regulates programmed necrosis and virus-induced inflammation. 
  • Photoacoustic imaging for in vivo quantification of placental oxygenation in mice. 
  • Photoreceptor discs form through peripherin-dependent suppression of ciliary ectosome release. 
  • Piezo1 is a mechanically activated ion channel and mediates pressure induced pancreatitis. 
  • Pik3c3 deletion in pyramidal neurons results in loss of synapses, extensive gliosis and progressive neurodegeneration. 
  • Plasma fibronectin supports neuronal survival and reduces brain injury following transient focal cerebral ischemia but is not essential for skin-wound healing and hemostasis. 
  • Plasma membrane transporters of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine mediate serotonin accumulation in atypical locations in the developing brain of monoamine oxidase A knock-outs. 
  • Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) modifies the formation of aggressive fibromatosis (desmoid tumor). 
  • Plasminogen alleles influence susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis. 
  • Plasticity and behavior: new genetic techniques to address multiple forms and functions. 
  • Plasticity of renal erythropoietin-producing cells governs fibrosis. 
  • Platelet-derived or soluble CD154 induces vascularized allograft rejection independent of cell-bound CD154. 
  • Pleiotrophin regulates the ductular reaction by controlling the migration of cells in liver progenitor niches. 
  • Pleiotrophin regulates the retention and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow vascular niche. 
  • Plexin-B2 negatively regulates macrophage motility, Rac, and Cdc42 activation. 
  • Podocyte-specific knockout of cyclooxygenase 2 exacerbates diabetic kidney disease. 
  • Postnatal TrkB ablation in corticolimbic interneurons induces social dominance in male mice. 
  • Posttranslational regulation of TCR Valpha allelic exclusion during T cell differentiation. 
  • Potential role of Hedgehog signaling and microRNA-29 in liver fibrosis of IKKβ-deficient mouse. 
  • Potentiated opioid analgesia in norepinephrine transporter knock-out mice. 
  • Precise regulation of porcupine activity is required for physiological Wnt signaling. 
  • Pregnenolone rescues schizophrenia-like behavior in dopamine transporter knockout mice. 
  • Pregnenolone sulfate normalizes schizophrenia-like behaviors in dopamine transporter knockout mice through the AKT/GSK3β pathway. 
  • Prenylcysteine lyase deficiency in mice results in the accumulation of farnesylcysteine and geranylgeranylcysteine in brain and liver. 
  • Prepulse inhibition deficits and perseverative motor patterns in dopamine transporter knock-out mice: differential effects of D1 and D2 receptor antagonists. 
  • Preservation of motor function by inhibition of CD8+ virus peptide-specific T cells in Theiler's virus infection. 
  • Pressure-independent enhancement of cardiac hypertrophy in natriuretic peptide receptor A-deficient mice. 
  • Pressure-overload hypertrophy is unabated in mice devoid of AT1A receptors. 
  • Presynaptic homeostasis at CNS nerve terminals compensates for lack of a key Ca2+ entry pathway. 
  • Prevention of the polycystic ovarian phenotype and characterization of ovulatory capacity in the estrogen receptor-alpha knockout mouse. 
  • Pro- and antiatherogenic effects of a dominant-negative P465L mutation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in apolipoprotein E-Null mice. 
  • ProSAAS-derived peptides are regulated by cocaine and are required for sensitization to the locomotor effects of cocaine. 
  • Probucol prevents early coronary heart disease and death in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI/apolipoprotein E double knockout mouse. 
  • Progenitor cell dose determines the pace and completeness of engraftment in a xenograft model for cord blood transplantation. 
  • Progressive improvement in wound healing with increased therapy in haemophilia B mice. 
  • Proinflammatory actions of thromboxane receptors to enhance cellular immune responses. 
  • Prolactin receptor signal transduction pathways and actions determined in prolactin receptor knockout mice. 
  • Prolactin receptor signaling is essential for perinatal brown adipocyte function: a role for insulin-like growth factor-2. 
  • Prolonged kappa opioid receptor phosphorylation mediated by G-protein receptor kinase underlies sustained analgesic tolerance. 
  • Prolonged survival of class II transactivator-deficient cardiac allografts. 
  • Promoters, enhancers, and transcription target RAG1 binding during V(D)J recombination. 
  • Prostacyclin protects against elevated blood pressure and cardiac fibrosis. 
  • Protease-activated receptor 2 sensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 ion channel to cause mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. 
  • Protease-activated receptor-2 signaling triggers dendritic cell development. 
  • Proteasome overload is a common stress factor in multiple forms of inherited retinal degeneration. 
  • Protection from experimental asthma by an endogenous bronchodilator. 
  • Protective astrogenesis from the SVZ niche after injury is controlled by Notch modulator Thbs4. 
  • Protective immunity in recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infection reflects localized immune signatures and macrophage-conferred memory. 
  • Protein farnesyltransferase in embryogenesis, adult homeostasis, and tumor development. 
  • Proteomic and Biochemical Studies of Lysine Malonylation Suggest Its Malonic Aciduria-associated Regulatory Role in Mitochondrial Function and Fatty Acid Oxidation. 
  • Proteomic identification and functional characterization of MYH9, Hsc70, and DNAJA1 as novel substrates of HDAC6 deacetylase activity. 
  • Proteomic identification of specific oxidized proteins in ApoE-knockout mice: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. 
  • Prothymosin-alpha inhibits HIV-1 via Toll-like receptor 4-mediated type I interferon induction. 
  • Pulmonary phenotype of CCSP/UG deficient mice: a consequence of CCSP deficiency or altered Clara cell function? 
  • Quantification of beta adrenergic receptor subtypes in beta-arrestin knockout mouse airways. 
  • Quantitative trait locus and computational mapping identifies Kcnj9 (GIRK3) as a candidate gene affecting analgesia from multiple drug classes. 
  • R-spondin1 tips the balance in sex determination. 
  • R9AP targeting to rod outer segments is independent of rhodopsin and is guided by the SNARE homology domain. 
  • RGS2-deficient mice exhibit decreased intraocular pressure and increased retinal ganglion cell survival. 
  • RGS2: a "turn-off" in hypertension. 
  • RGS9 knockout causes a short delay in light responses of ON-bipolar cells. 
  • RNA-binding protein FXR2 regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis by reducing Noggin expression. 
  • ROBO4 variants predispose individuals to bicuspid aortic valve and thoracic aortic aneurysm. 
  • Rac1 GTPase-deficient mouse lens exhibits defects in shape, suture formation, fiber cell migration and survival. 
  • Rad18 confers hematopoietic progenitor cell DNA damage tolerance independently of the Fanconi Anemia pathway in vivo. 
  • Ranbp2 haploinsufficiency mediates distinct cellular and biochemical phenotypes in brain and retinal dopaminergic and glia cells elicited by the Parkinsonian neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). 
  • Rapamycin delays disease onset and prevents PrP plaque deposition in a mouse model of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. 
  • Rapamycin does not control hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in LCMV-infected perforin-deficient mice. 
  • Rapid alterations in corticostriatal ensemble coordination during acute dopamine-dependent motor dysfunction. 
  • Re-evaluation of the role of the dopamine transporter in dopamine system homeostasis. 
  • Receptors and signaling mechanisms required for prostaglandin E2-mediated regulation of mast cell degranulation and IL-6 production. 
  • Receptors for prostaglandin E(2) that regulate cellular immune responses in the mouse. 
  • Recipient Myd88 Deficiency Promotes Spontaneous Resolution of Kidney Allograft Rejection. 
  • Reciprocal stabilization of ABL and TAZ regulates osteoblastogenesis through transcription factor RUNX2. 
  • Recruited exudative macrophages selectively produce CXCL10 after noninfectious lung injury. 
  • Reduced D2-mediated signaling activity and trans-synaptic upregulation of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in mice overexpressing the dopamine transporter. 
  • Reduced GRK2 level in T cells potentiates chemotaxis and signaling in response to CCL4. 
  • Reduced arsenic clearance and increased toxicity in aquaglyceroporin-9-null mice. 
  • Reduced cortical BDNF expression and aberrant memory in Carf knock-out mice. 
  • Reduced growth, abnormal kidney structure, and type 2 (AT2) angiotensin receptor-mediated blood pressure regulation in mice lacking both AT1A and AT1B receptors for angiotensin II. 
  • Reduced lipoapoptosis, hedgehog pathway activation and fibrosis in caspase-2 deficient mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Reduced prostate branching morphogenesis in stromal fibroblast, but not in epithelial, estrogen receptor α knockout mice. 
  • Reducing cerebral microvascular amyloid-beta protein deposition diminishes regional neuroinflammation in vasculotropic mutant amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. 
  • Redundancy renders the glycoprotein 96 receptor scavenger receptor A dispensable for cross priming in vivo. 
  • Regional absence of mitochondria causing energy depletion in the myocardium of muscle LIM protein knockout mice. 
  • Regulation of Akt signaling by D2 and D3 dopamine receptors in vivo. 
  • Regulation of B-cell development by BCAP and CD19 through their binding to phosphoinositide 3-kinase. 
  • Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis by Hedgehog Signaling in Osteoarthritic Cartilage. 
  • Regulation of RasGRP1 function in T cell development and activation by its unique tail domain. 
  • Regulation of T cell receptor beta allelic exclusion at a level beyond accessibility. 
  • Regulation of T-cell survival and mitochondrial homeostasis by TSC1. 
  • Regulation of TCR delta and alpha repertoires by local and long-distance control of variable gene segment chromatin structure. 
  • Regulation of TCRβ allelic exclusion by gene segment proximity and accessibility. 
  • Regulation of blood pressure by the type 1A angiotensin II receptor gene. 
  • Regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase occurs through modulation of Mnk1-eIF4G interaction. 
  • Regulation of humoral immune responses by CD21/CD35. 
  • Regulation of inflammation by β-arrestins: Not just receptor tales. 
  • Regulation of iron absorption in Hfe mutant mice. 
  • Regulation of mammalian autophagy by class II and III PI 3-kinases through PI3P synthesis. 
  • Regulation of mammalian horizontal gene transfer by apoptotic DNA fragmentation. 
  • Regulation of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and insulin signaling by the mitochondrial rhomboid protease PARL. 
  • Regulation of sodium balance and blood pressure by the AT(1A) receptor for angiotensin II. 
  • Regulation of steady-state neutrophil homeostasis by macrophages. 
  • Regulation of the germinal center gene program by interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 8/IFN consensus sequence-binding protein. 
  • Regulation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta by G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5 in vascular smooth muscle cells involves the phosphatase Shp2. 
  • Regulator of G protein signaling 5 is highly expressed in parathyroid tumors and inhibits signaling by the calcium-sensing receptor. 
  • Regulatory B cell production of IL-10 inhibits lymphoma depletion during CD20 immunotherapy in mice. 
  • Regulatory B cells (B10 cells) and regulatory T cells have independent roles in controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis initiation and late-phase immunopathogenesis. 
  • Regulatory B cells (B10 cells) have a suppressive role in murine lupus: CD19 and B10 cell deficiency exacerbates systemic autoimmunity. 
  • Regulatory defects in liver and intestine implicate abnormal hepcidin and Cybrd1 expression in mouse hemochromatosis. 
  • Relation of addiction genes to hypothalamic gene changes subserving genesis and gratification of a classic instinct, sodium appetite. 
  • Relative contributions of rod and cone bipolar cell inputs to AII amacrine cell light responses in the mouse retina. 
  • Relative contributions of selectins and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to tissue injury induced by immune complex deposition. 
  • Relative opioid efficacy is determined by the complements of the G protein-coupled receptor desensitization machinery. 
  • Renal actions of RGS2 control blood pressure. 
  • Renal function in the AT1A receptor knockout mouse during normal and volume-expanded conditions. 
  • Renal growth and development in mice lacking AT1A receptors for angiotensin II. 
  • Renal segmental microvascular responses to ANG II in AT1A receptor null mice. 
  • Renal tubular ACE-mediated tubular injury is the major contributor to microalbuminuria in early diabetic nephropathy. 
  • Renal vascular reactivity in mice: AngII-induced vasoconstriction in AT1A receptor null mice. 
  • Reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle is reduced in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice. 
  • Reproductive failure and reduced blood pressure in mice lacking the EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor. 
  • Requirement for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase type IV/Gr in setting the thymocyte selection threshold. 
  • Requirements for T lymphocyte migration in explanted lymph nodes. 
  • Rescue of Pompe disease in mice by AAV-mediated liver delivery of secretable acid α-glucosidase. 
  • Research resource: tissue- and pathway-specific metabolomic profiles of the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family. 
  • Resistance to cerebral ischemic injury in UCP2 knockout mice: evidence for a role of UCP2 as a regulator of mitochondrial glutathione levels. 
  • Resistance to hypertension mediated by intercalated cells of the collecting duct. 
  • Resolving TRPV1- and TNF-α-mediated spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain with neuroprotectin D1. 
  • Resolvins RvE1 and RvD1 attenuate inflammatory pain via central and peripheral actions. 
  • Restoring hemostatic thrombin generation at the time of cutaneous wounding does not normalize healing in hemophilia B. 
  • Restoring neuronal progranulin reverses deficits in a mouse model of frontotemporal dementia. 
  • Restoring striatal WAVE-1 improves maze exploration performance of GluN1 knockdown mice. 
  • Restriction of Legionella pneumophila growth in macrophages requires the concerted action of cytokine and Naip5/Ipaf signalling pathways. 
  • Retinal pigment epithelial cells induce foxp3(+) regulatory T cells via membrane-bound TGF-β. 
  • Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORgamma) is essential for lymphoid organogenesis and controls apoptosis during thymopoiesis. 
  • Retrovirus-elicited interleukin-12 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha as inducers of interferon-gamma-mediated pathology in mouse AIDS. 
  • Review: Collectins link innate and adaptive immunity in allergic airway disease. 
  • Role for the target enzyme in deactivation of photoreceptor G protein in vivo. 
  • Role for thromboxane receptors in angiotensin-II-induced hypertension. 
  • Role of E-cadherin in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. 
  • Role of EP(2) and EP(3) PGE(2) receptors in control of murine renal hemodynamics. 
  • Role of Fn14 in acute alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. 
  • Role of LAT in the granule-mediated cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells. 
  • Role of TRPV ion channels in sensory transduction of osmotic stimuli in mammals. 
  • Role of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 in Neutrophil Activation and Acute Lung Injury. 
  • Role of co-regulators in metabolic and transcriptional actions of thyroid hormone. 
  • Role of complement receptors 1 and 2 (CD35 and CD21), C3, C4, and C5 in survival by mice of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. 
  • Role of dopamine transporter in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity: evidence from mice lacking the transporter. 
  • Role of interleukin-1beta in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. 
  • Role of metabolic activation and the TRPA1 receptor in the sensory irritation response to styrene and naphthalene. 
  • Role of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 in the kidney. 
  • Role of prostacyclin in the cardiovascular response to thromboxane A2. 
  • Role of serotonin in the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants on hyperactivity. 
  • Role of the angiotensin type 2 receptor gene in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, CAKUT, of mice and men. 
  • Role of the endocannabinoid system in management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors. 
  • Role of thin descending limb urea transport in renal urea handling and the urine concentrating mechanism. 
  • Role of tumor suppressor TSC1 in regulating antigen-specific primary and memory CD8 T cell responses to bacterial infection. 
  • Roles of organizer factors and BMP antagonism in mammalian forebrain establishment. 
  • Roles of the lactogens and somatogens in perinatal and postnatal metabolism and growth: studies of a novel mouse model combining lactogen resistance and growth hormone deficiency. 
  • Rpl13a small nucleolar RNAs regulate systemic glucose metabolism. 
  • Ryk controls remapping of motor cortex during functional recovery after spinal cord injury. 
  • S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Deficiency Confers Improved Survival and Neurological Outcome in Experimental Cerebral Malaria. 
  • S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Dysfunction Contributes to Obesity-Associated Hepatic Insulin Resistance via Regulating Autophagy. 
  • S-Nitrosylation of Calcium-Handling Proteins in Cardiac Adrenergic Signaling and Hypertrophy. 
  • S1P-Dependent trafficking of intracellular yersinia pestis through lymph nodes establishes Buboes and systemic infection. 
  • SHANK3 Deficiency Impairs Heat Hyperalgesia and TRPV1 Signaling in Primary Sensory Neurons. 
  • SIRT3 deacetylates mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase 2 and regulates ketone body production. 
  • SIRT3 deficiency and mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation accelerate the development of the metabolic syndrome. 
  • SIRT4 Is a Lysine Deacylase that Controls Leucine Metabolism and Insulin Secretion. 
  • SIRT4 coordinates the balance between lipid synthesis and catabolism by repressing malonyl CoA decarboxylase. 
  • SIRT5 regulates the mitochondrial lysine succinylome and metabolic networks. 
  • SLIT2-mediated ROBO2 signaling restricts kidney induction to a single site. 
  • SMAD3 deficiency promotes vessel wall remodeling, collagen fiber reorganization and leukocyte infiltration in an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm mouse model. 
  • SMPDL3b modulates insulin receptor signaling in diabetic kidney disease. 
  • SP-A preserves airway homeostasis during Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in mice. 
  • SRC-2 coactivator deficiency decreases functional reserve in response to pressure overload of mouse heart. 
  • STAT1 is essential for antimicrobial effector function but dispensable for gamma interferon production during Toxoplasma gondii infection. 
  • STAT1 signaling in CD8 T cells is required for their clonal expansion and memory formation following viral infection in vivo. 
  • STAT3 Regulates Self-Renewal of Adult Muscle Satellite Cells during Injury-Induced Muscle Regeneration. 
  • STAT3-mediated attenuation of CCl4-induced mouse liver fibrosis by the protein kinase inhibitor sorafenib. 
  • STIM1-Ca(2+) signaling is required for the hypertrophic growth of skeletal muscle in mice. 
  • STIM1-Ca2+ signaling modulates automaticity of the mouse sinoatrial node. 
  • SUMO2 is essential while SUMO3 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development. 
  • SUN1 and SUN2 play critical but partially redundant roles in anchoring nuclei in skeletal muscle cells in mice. 
  • SUN1 is required for telomere attachment to nuclear envelope and gametogenesis in mice. 
  • Salmeterol enhances the cardiac response to gene therapy in Pompe disease. 
  • Salmonella disrupts lymph node architecture by TLR4-mediated suppression of homeostatic chemokines. 
  • Sapap3 deletion anomalously activates short-term endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity. 
  • Scara5 is a ferritin receptor mediating non-transferrin iron delivery. 
  • Sec63 and Xbp1 regulate IRE1α activity and polycystic disease severity. 
  • Secondary allergic T cell responses are regulated by dendritic cell-derived thrombospondin-1 in the setting of allergic eye disease. 
  • Sel1L is indispensable for mammalian endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and survival. 
  • Selective deletion of GRK2 alters psychostimulant-induced behaviors and dopamine neurotransmission. 
  • Selective role for TRPV4 ion channels in visceral sensory pathways. 
  • Self-assembled peptide nanofibers raising durable antibody responses against a malaria epitope. 
  • Sensing of extracellular cations in CasR-deficient osteoblasts. Evidence for a novel cation-sensing mechanism. 
  • Sensory attributes of complex tasting divalent salts are mediated by TRPM5 and TRPV1 channels. 
  • Serine/threonine phosphorylation regulates HNF-4alpha-dependent redox-mediated iNOS expression in hepatocytes. 
  • Serum cholesterol levels and tumor growth in a PTEN-null transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer. 
  • Setting clock speed in mammals: the CK1 epsilon tau mutation in mice accelerates circadian pacemakers by selectively destabilizing PERIOD proteins. 
  • Severe lung fibrosis requires an invasive fibroblast phenotype regulated by hyaluronan and CD44. 
  • Severely impaired B lymphocyte proliferation, survival, and induction of the c-Myc:Cullin 1 ubiquitin ligase pathway resulting from CD22 deficiency on the C57BL/6 genetic background. 
  • Signals from dying hepatocytes trigger growth of liver progenitors. 
  • Sirt3 regulates metabolic flexibility of skeletal muscle through reversible enzymatic deacetylation. 
  • Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) protein regulates long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by deacetylating conserved lysines near the active site. 
  • Sirtuin 5 is required for mouse survival in response to cardiac pressure overload. 
  • Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) regulates skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin signaling via altered mitochondrial oxidation and reactive oxygen species production. 
  • Skeletal muscle hemojuvelin is dispensable for systemic iron homeostasis. 
  • Skeletal muscle mass recovery from atrophy in IL-6 knockout mice. 
  • Skewing of the population balance of lymphoid and myeloid cells by secreted and intracellular osteopontin. 
  • Skin-resident T cells sense ultraviolet radiation-induced injury and contribute to DNA repair. 
  • Smad3 Signaling Promotes Fibrosis While Preserving Cardiac and Aortic Geometry in Obese Diabetic Mice. 
  • Smad3 deficiency attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. 
  • Smad3 signaling critically regulates fibroblast phenotype and function in healing myocardial infarction. 
  • Small molecule dual-inhibitors of TRPV4 and TRPA1 for attenuation of inflammation and pain. 
  • Smoothened signaling in vertebrates is facilitated by a G protein-coupled receptor kinase. 
  • Sodium channels and mammalian sensory mechanotransduction. 
  • Sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF-1) transduces signals that mediate dopamine inhibition of sodium-phosphate co-transport in mouse kidney. 
  • Sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1 interacts with mouse urate transporter 1 to regulate renal proximal tubule uric acid transport. 
  • Somatic single hits inactivate the X-linked tumor suppressor FOXP3 in the prostate. 
  • Somatodendritic Expression of JAM2 Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Myelination. 
  • Sonic hedgehog is required for cardiac outflow tract and neural crest cell development. 
  • Sour taste responses in mice lacking PKD channels. 
  • Sox2 regulates cholinergic amacrine cell positioning and dendritic stratification in the retina. 
  • Spatial organization of bacterial flora in normal and inflamed intestine: a fluorescence in situ hybridization study in mice. 
  • Specificity of arrestin subtypes in regulating airway smooth muscle G protein-coupled receptor signaling and function. 
  • Spermatogenesis and the regulation of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV localization are not dependent on calspermin. 
  • Spermiogenesis and exchange of basic nuclear proteins are impaired in male germ cells lacking Camk4. 
  • Spinal cord stimulation restores locomotion in animal models of Parkinson's disease. 
  • Spinal injection of TNF-α-activated astrocytes produces persistent pain symptom mechanical allodynia by releasing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. 
  • Spine pruning drives antipsychotic-sensitive locomotion via circuit control of striatal dopamine. 
  • Spinophilin blocks arrestin actions in vitro and in vivo at G protein-coupled receptors. 
  • Splenectomy and partial splenectomy improve hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in hypersplenic mice. 
  • Stanniocalcin-1 Is an Ocular Hypotensive Agent and a Downstream Effector Molecule That Is Necessary for the Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effects of Latanoprost. 
  • Starch Binding Domain-containing Protein 1 Plays a Dominant Role in Glycogen Transport to Lysosomes in Liver. 
  • Stathmin-deficient mice develop an age-dependent axonopathy of the central and peripheral nervous systems. 
  • Stbd1 is highly elevated in skeletal muscle of Pompe disease mice but suppression of its expression does not affect lysosomal glycogen accumulation. 
  • Steroid hormones drive cancer development. 
  • Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is essential for endocrine development and function. 
  • Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is essential for ovarian development and function. 
  • Steroidogenic factor 1 is the essential transcript of the mouse Ftz-F1 gene. 
  • Steroidogenic factor 1 plays multiple roles in endocrine development and function. 
  • Steroidogenic factor 1: an essential mediator of endocrine development. 
  • Stimulation of Respiratory Motor Output and Ventilation in a Murine Model of Pompe Disease by Ampakines. 
  • Stimulation of lymphocyte responses by angiotensin II promotes kidney injury in hypertension. 
  • Stroma provides an intestinal stem cell niche in the absence of epithelial Wnts. 
  • Stromal cell independent B cell development in vitro: generation and recovery of autoreactive clones. 
  • Stromal complement receptor CD21/35 facilitates lymphoid prion colonization and pathogenesis. 
  • Structure based design of a series of potent and selective non peptidic PTP-1B inhibitors. 
  • Structure-functional selectivity relationship studies of β-arrestin-biased dopamine D₂ receptor agonists. 
  • Studies on the adapter molecule LAT. 
  • Studies on the interaction between TWEAK and the death receptor WSL-1/TRAMP (DR3). 
  • Subtype specific estrogen receptor action protects against changes in MMP-2 activation in mouse retinal pigmented epithelial cells. 
  • Superoxide dismutase-3 promotes full expression of the EPO response to hypoxia. 
  • Suppression of CHK1 by ETS Family Members Promotes DNA Damage Response Bypass and Tumorigenesis. 
  • Suppression of CXCL12 production by bone marrow osteoblasts is a common and critical pathway for cytokine-induced mobilization. 
  • Suppression of aberrant choroidal neovascularization through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. 
  • Surfactant protein A integrates activation signal strength to differentially modulate T cell proliferation. 
  • Surfactant protein A modulates induction of regulatory T cells via TGF-β. 
  • Surfactant protein D facilitates Cryptococcus neoformans infection. 
  • Surfactant protein D increases phagocytosis of hypocapsular Cryptococcus neoformans by murine macrophages and enhances fungal survival. 
  • Susceptibility of cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice to pulmonary fibrogenesis. 
  • Susceptibility of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1-deficient mice to pulmonary fibrogenesis. 
  • Susceptibility to vascular neoplasms but no increased susceptibility to renal carcinogenesis in Vhl knockout mice. 
  • Sustained activation of mTORC1 in macrophages increases AMPKα-dependent autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis. 
  • Sustained elevation of extracellular dopamine causes motor dysfunction and selective degeneration of striatal GABAergic neurons. 
  • Synapsins differentially control dopamine and serotonin release. 
  • Synaptic removal of diacylglycerol by DGKzeta and PSD-95 regulates dendritic spine maintenance. 
  • Syne-1 and Syne-2 play crucial roles in myonuclear anchorage and motor neuron innervation. 
  • Synergistic Efficacy from Gene Therapy with Coreceptor Blockade and a β2-Agonist in Murine Pompe Disease. 
  • Synergistic control of T cell development and tumor suppression by diacylglycerol kinase alpha and zeta. 
  • Synergy of adoptive T-cell therapy and intratumoral suicide gene therapy is mediated by host NK cells. 
  • Syntaxin 4 Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells Promotes Islet Function and Protects Functional β-Cell Mass. 
  • Systemic correction of the muscle disorder glycogen storage disease type II after hepatic targeting of a modified adenovirus vector encoding human acid-alpha-glucosidase. 
  • Systems biology of vaccination for seasonal influenza in humans. 
  • T-bet-dependent expression of osteopontin contributes to T cell polarization. 
  • T-independent activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression, class-switch recombination, and antibody production by immature/transitional 1 B cells. 
  • TERC is not a major gene in human neural tube defects. 
  • TGFβ/Smad3 signal pathway is not required for epidermal Langerhans cell development. 
  • TLR adaptor MyD88 is essential for pathogen control during oral toxoplasma gondii infection but not adaptive immunity induced by a vaccine strain of the parasite. 
  • TLR agonists regulate PDGF-B production and cell proliferation through TGF-beta/type I IFN crosstalk. 
  • TLR signaling adaptor protein MyD88 in primary sensory neurons contributes to persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation. 
  • TLR3 deficiency impairs spinal cord synaptic transmission, central sensitization, and pruritus in mice. 
  • TLR4 signaling attenuates ongoing allergic inflammation. 
  • TMEM16F forms a Ca2+-activated cation channel required for lipid scrambling in platelets during blood coagulation. 
  • TNF is required for the induction but not the maintenance of compression-induced BME signals in murine tail vertebrae: limitations of anti-TNF therapy for degenerative disc disease. 
  • TNF-α contributes to spinal cord synaptic plasticity and inflammatory pain: distinct role of TNF receptor subtypes 1 and 2. 
  • TRP channel regulates EGFR signaling in hair morphogenesis and skin barrier formation. 
  • TRPA1 controls inflammation and pruritogen responses in allergic contact dermatitis. 
  • TRPA1 is a major oxidant sensor in murine airway sensory neurons. 
  • TRPA1 mediates the inflammatory actions of environmental irritants and proalgesic agents. 
  • TRPA1 mediates the noxious effects of natural sesquiterpene deterrents. 
  • TRPC1 channels are critical for hypertrophic signaling in the heart. 
  • TRPC6 enhances angiotensin II-induced albuminuria. 
  • TRPM8 is the principal mediator of menthol-induced analgesia of acute and inflammatory pain. 
  • TRPV1 receptors mediate particulate matter-induced apoptosis. 
  • TRPV4 Is Required for Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction. 
  • TRPV4 channel contributes to serotonin-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and the enhanced vascular reactivity in chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. 
  • TRPV4 channel participates in receptor-operated calcium entry and ciliary beat frequency regulation in mouse airway epithelial cells. 
  • TRPV4 channels augment macrophage activation and ventilator-induced lung injury. 
  • TRPV4 channels stimulate Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release in astrocytic endfeet and amplify neurovascular coupling responses. 
  • TRPV4 initiates the acute calcium-dependent permeability increase during ventilator-induced lung injury in isolated mouse lungs. 
  • TRPV4-dependent dilation of peripheral resistance arteries influences arterial pressure. 
  • TSC1 Promotes B Cell Maturation but Is Dispensable for Germinal Center Formation. 
  • TWEAK/Fn14 signaling is required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. 
  • Targeted HAS2 Expression Lessens Airway Responsiveness in Chronic Murine Allergic Airway Disease. 
  • Targeted deletion of the PRL receptor: effects on islet development, insulin production, and glucose tolerance. 
  • Targeted disruption of mouse long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene reveals crucial roles for fatty acid oxidation. 
  • Targeted disruption of the Kvlqt1 gene causes deafness and gastric hyperplasia in mice. 
  • Targeted disruption of the estrogen receptor-alpha gene in female mice: characterization of ovarian responses and phenotype in the adult. 
  • Targeted disruption of the leukotriene B(4) receptor in mice reveals its role in inflammation and platelet-activating factor-induced anaphylaxis. 
  • Targeted disruption of the mouse NHERF-1 gene promotes internalization of proximal tubule sodium-phosphate cotransporter type IIa and renal phosphate wasting. 
  • Targeted disruption of the mouse gene encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein provides insights into congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. 
  • Targeted gene disruption in endocrine research--the case of glucagon-like peptide-1 and neuroendocrine function. 
  • Targeted inactivation of synaptic HRG4 (UNC119) causes dysfunction in the distal photoreceptor and slow retinal degeneration, revealing a new function. 
  • Targeted inactivation of the EGF and amphiregulin genes reveals distinct roles for EGF receptor ligands in mouse mammary gland development. 
  • Targeted inactivation of the isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase gene causes mislocalization of K-Ras in mammalian cells. 
  • Targeted metabolomics connects thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) to mitochondrial fuel selection and regulation of specific oxidoreductase enzymes in skeletal muscle. 
  • Targeted proteomic profiling of renal Na(+) transporter and channel abundances in angiotensin II type 1a receptor knockout mice. 
  • Targeting CXCR4-dependent immunosuppressive Ly6Clow monocytes improves antiangiogenic therapy in colorectal cancer. 
  • Targeting phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2α to treat human disease. 
  • Targeting proximal tubule mitochondrial dysfunction attenuates the renal disease of methylmalonic acidemia. 
  • Targeting β-arrestin2 in the treatment of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. 
  • Taste perception: how to make a gourmet mouse. 
  • Tau deficiency leads to the upregulation of BAF-57, a protein involved in neuron-specific gene repression. 
  • Tau is essential to beta -amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. 
  • Tau protein is required for amyloid {beta}-induced impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation. 
  • Tau--an inhibitor of deacetylase HDAC6 function. 
  • Tau-knockout mice show reduced GSK3-induced hippocampal degeneration and learning deficits. 
  • Tcra gene recombination is supported by a Tcra enhancer- and CTCF-dependent chromatin hub. 
  • Tcrd Rearrangement Redirects a Processive Tcra Recombination Program to Expand the Tcra Repertoire. 
  • Temporal Profiling of Astrocyte Precursors Reveals Parallel Roles for Asef during Development and after Injury. 
  • Temporal regulation of intracellular organelle homeostasis in T lymphocytes by autophagy. 
  • Tenascin knockout mice: barrels, boundary molecules, and glial scars. 
  • Tenascin-C knockout mouse has no detectable tenascin-C protein. 
  • Tetraspanin 3 Is Required for the Development and Propagation of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. 
  • Th1 inflammatory response with altered expression of profibrotic and vasoactive mediators in AT1A and AT1B double-knockout mice. 
  • Thalamic relay of spontaneous retinal activity prior to vision. 
  • The Actin-Binding Protein Drebrin Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia. 
  • The Arp2/3 Complex Is Essential for Distinct Stages of Spine Synapse Maturation, Including Synapse Unsilencing. 
  • The BMP antagonists Chordin and Noggin have essential but redundant roles in mouse mandibular outgrowth. 
  • The CD19-CD21 signal transduction complex of B lymphocytes regulates the balance between health and autoimmune disease: systemic sclerosis as a model system. 
  • The Crohn's Disease Risk Factor IRGM Limits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Impeding Its Assembly and by Mediating Its Selective Autophagy. 
  • The DM domain protein DMRT1 is a dose-sensitive regulator of fetal germ cell proliferation and pluripotency. 
  • The GS Protein-coupled A2a Adenosine Receptor Controls T Cell Help in the Germinal Center. 
  • The IFN-inducible GTPase LRG47 (Irgm1) negatively regulates TLR4-triggered proinflammatory cytokine production and prevents endotoxemia. 
  • The Immune Signaling Adaptor LAT Contributes to the Neuroanatomical Phenotype of 16p11.2 BP2-BP3 CNVs. 
  • The Impact of Surfactant Protein D, Interleukin-5, and Eosinophilia on Cryptococcosis. 
  • The Importance of IL-6 in the Development of LAT-Mediated Autoimmunity. 
  • The Innate Immune Receptor NLRX1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Reducing Colon Tumorigenesis and Key Tumor-Promoting Signals. 
  • The LKLF transcription factor is required for normal tunica media formation and blood vessel stabilization during murine embryogenesis. 
  • The Mitochondrial Phosphatase PGAM5 Is Dispensable for Necroptosis but Promotes Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages. 
  • The NLRP3 inflammasome functions as a negative regulator of tumorigenesis during colitis-associated cancer. 
  • The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates in vivo innate immunity to influenza A virus through recognition of viral RNA. 
  • The NLRP3 inflammasome protects against loss of epithelial integrity and mortality during experimental colitis. 
  • The Nucleotide Sensor ZBP1 and Kinase RIPK3 Induce the Enzyme IRG1 to Promote an Antiviral Metabolic State in Neurons. 
  • The Prohormone VGF Regulates β Cell Function via Insulin Secretory Granule Biogenesis. 
  • The RIG-I-like helicase receptor MDA5 (IFIH1) is involved in the host defense against Candida infections. 
  • The Rad50S allele promotes ATM-dependent DNA damage responses and suppresses ATM deficiency: implications for the Mre11 complex as a DNA damage sensor. 
  • The Yersinia pestis Effector YopM Inhibits Pyrin Inflammasome Activation. 
  • The adaptor protein beta-arrestin2 enhances endocytosis of the low density lipoprotein receptor. 
  • The alpha(2a)-adrenergic receptor plays a protective role in mouse behavioral models of depression and anxiety. 
  • The anorectic effect of GLP-1 in rats is nutrient dependent. 
  • The anti-migraine component of butterbur extracts, isopetasin, desensitizes peptidergic nociceptors by acting on TRPA1 cation channel. 
  • The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL is dispensable for the development of effector and memory T lymphocytes. 
  • The antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 is essential for the survival of neutrophils but not macrophages. 
  • The autophagy gene ATG5 plays an essential role in B lymphocyte development. 
  • The bZIP transcription factor LCR-F1 is essential for mesoderm formation in mouse development. 
  • The bi-modal effects of estradiol on gonadotropin synthesis and secretion in female mice are dependent on estrogen receptor-alpha. 
  • The bone morphogenetic protein antagonist noggin regulates mammalian cardiac morphogenesis. 
  • The c-Abl tyrosine kinase is regulated downstream of the B cell antigen receptor and interacts with CD19. 
  • The c-FLIPL cleavage product p43FLIP promotes activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and caspase-8 and T cell survival. 
  • The c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) in spinal astrocytes is required for the maintenance of bilateral mechanical allodynia under a persistent inflammatory pain condition. 
  • The calcium-activated chloride channel anoctamin 1 acts as a heat sensor in nociceptive neurons. 
  • The capsaicin receptor participates in artificial sweetener aversion. 
  • The carboxypeptidase E knockout mouse exhibits endocrinological and behavioral deficits. 
  • The central effectors of cell death in the immune system. 
  • The class III kinase Vps34 promotes T lymphocyte survival through regulating IL-7Rα surface expression. 
  • The combined functions of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members bak and bax are essential for normal development of multiple tissues. 
  • The contribution of type I interferon signaling to immunity induced by alphavirus replicon vaccines. 
  • The cutaneous reverse Arthus reaction requires intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and L-selectin expression. 
  • The cytoskeletal regulatory scaffold protein GIT2 modulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and osteoblastogenesis. 
  • The deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 20 is a positive modulator of myocardial β1-adrenergic receptor expression and signaling. 
  • The development and function of regulatory B cells expressing IL-10 (B10 cells) requires antigen receptor diversity and TLR signals. 
  • The differential role of L-selectin and ICAM-1 in Th1-type and Th2-type contact hypersensitivity. 
  • The dopamine D2, but not D3 or D4, receptor subtype is essential for the disruption of prepulse inhibition produced by amphetamine in mice. 
  • The dopamine metabolite 3-methoxytyramine is a neuromodulator. 
  • The dopamine transporter: a crucial component regulating dopamine transmission. 
  • The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase mediates viral-induced encephalitis. 
  • The dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 induces tumor regression in a genetically engineered mouse model of PIK3CA wild-type colorectal cancer. 
  • The effect of inflammatory cell-derived MCP-1 loss on neuronal survival during chronic neuroinflammation. 
  • The endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator 27-hydroxycholesterol is a negative regulator of bone homeostasis. 
  • The essential role of LAT in thymocyte development during transition from the double-positive to single-positive stage. 
  • The extracellular matrix protein mindin is a pattern-recognition molecule for microbial pathogens. 
  • The fat mass and obesity associated gene (Fto) regulates activity of the dopaminergic midbrain circuitry. 
  • The forkhead/winged helix gene Mf1 is disrupted in the pleiotropic mouse mutation congenital hydrocephalus. 
  • The function of heme-regulated eIF2alpha kinase in murine iron homeostasis and macrophage maturation. 
  • The glucose transporter Glut1 is selectively essential for CD4 T cell activation and effector function. 
  • The helix-loop-helix gene E2A is required for B cell formation. 
  • The host defense peptide cathelicidin is required for NK cell-mediated suppression of tumor growth. 
  • The impact of microsomal prostaglandin e synthase 1 on blood pressure is determined by genetic background. 
  • The importance of LAT in the activation, homeostasis, and regulatory function of T cells. 
  • The importance of the Erk pathway in the development of linker for activation of T cells-mediated autoimmunity. 
  • The importance of three membrane-distal tyrosines in the adaptor protein NTAL/LAB. 
  • The inducible deletion of Drosha and microRNAs in mature podocytes results in a collapsing glomerulopathy. 
  • The innate immune sensor NLRC3 attenuates Toll-like receptor signaling via modification of the signaling adaptor TRAF6 and transcription factor NF-κB. 
  • The innate mononuclear phagocyte network depletes B lymphocytes through Fc receptor-dependent mechanisms during anti-CD20 antibody immunotherapy. 
  • The iron exporter ferroportin/Slc40a1 is essential for iron homeostasis. 
  • The liver kinase B1 is a central regulator of T cell development, activation, and metabolism. 
  • The long isoform of cellular FLIP is essential for T lymphocyte proliferation through an NF-kappaB-independent pathway. 
  • The loss of Smad3 results in a lower rate of bone formation and osteopenia through dysregulation of osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis. 
  • The low density lipoprotein receptor regulates the level of central nervous system human and murine apolipoprotein E but does not modify amyloid plaque pathology in PDAPP mice. 
  • The lung is protected from spontaneous inflammation by autophagy in myeloid cells. 
  • The mammalian class 3 PI3K (PIK3C3) is required for early embryogenesis and cell proliferation. 
  • The mammalian twisted gastrulation gene functions in foregut and craniofacial development. 
  • The naturally occurring luteinizing hormone surge is diminished in mice lacking estrogen receptor Beta in the ovary. 
  • The necroptosis adaptor RIPK3 promotes injury-induced cytokine expression and tissue repair. 
  • The nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor 1 is essential for the formation of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. 
  • The oral iron chelator deferiprone protects against iron overload-induced retinal degeneration. 
  • The oral iron chelator deferiprone protects against systemic iron overload-induced retinal degeneration in hepcidin knockout mice. 
  • The p47 GTPase Lrg-47 (Irgm1) links host defense and hematopoietic stem cell proliferation. 
  • The peritoneal cavity provides a protective niche for B1 and conventional B lymphocytes during anti-CD20 immunotherapy in mice. 
  • The physiology of urinary concentration: an update. 
  • The polymorphic pseudokinase ROP5 controls virulence in Toxoplasma gondii by regulating the active kinase ROP18. 
  • The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is spared from MuRF1-mediated muscle atrophy in mice with acute lung injury. 
  • The prolyl isomerase Pin1 modulates development of CD8+ cDC in mice. 
  • The prosurvival protein BAG3: a new participant in vascular homeostasis. 
  • The relationship between slow photoresponse recovery rate and temporal resolution of vision. 
  • The requirement of linker for activation of T cells in the primary and memory responses of CD8 T cells. 
  • The role of GRK6 in animal models of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA treatment. 
  • The role of LAT-PLCγ1 interaction in γδ T cell development and homeostasis. 
  • The role of Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein 4 in Fc epsilonRI-mediated signaling, mast cell function, and T cell development. 
  • The role of Smad3 in mediating mouse hepatic stellate cell activation. 
  • The role of central glucagon-like peptide-1 in mediating the effects of visceral illness: differential effects in rats and mice. 
  • The role of complement dysregulation in AMD mouse models. 
  • The role of diacylglycerol kinase ζ and phosphatidic acid in the mechanical activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. 
  • The role of hyaluronan degradation products as innate alloimmune agonists. 
  • The role of the LAT-PLC-gamma1 interaction in T regulatory cell function. 
  • The role of the forkhead transcription factor, Foxc1, in the development of the mouse lacrimal gland. 
  • The role of the macrophage scavenger receptor in immune stimulation by bacterial DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides. 
  • The role of the transcription factor ETV5 in insulin exocytosis. 
  • The role of voltage-gated potassium channels Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 in the regulation of insulin and somatostatin release from pancreatic islets. 
  • The role of β cell glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling in glucose regulation and response to diabetes drugs. 
  • The role of β-arrestin2-dependent signaling in thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in a murine model of Marfan syndrome. 
  • The roles of L-selectin, beta 7 integrins, and P-selectin in leukocyte rolling and adhesion in high endothelial venules of Peyer's patches. 
  • The roles of steroidogenic factor-1 in reproductive function. 
  • The selective serotonin-2A receptor antagonist M100907 reverses behavioral deficits in dopamine transporter knockout mice. 
  • The tetraspanin CD81 regulates the expression of CD19 during B cell development in a postendoplasmic reticulum compartment. 
  • The thyroid axis is regulated by NCoR1 via its actions in the pituitary. 
  • The transcription factor c-Maf is essential for the commitment of IL-17-producing γδ T cells. 
  • The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-1 mediates liver damage during ischemia-reperfusion injury. 
  • The transcriptional repressor Bcl-6 directs T follicular helper cell lineage commitment. 
  • The transferrin receptor modulates Hfe-dependent regulation of hepcidin expression. 
  • The tyrosine receptor kinase B ligand, neurotrophin-4, is not required for either epileptogenesis or tyrosine receptor kinase B activation in the kindling model. 
  • The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Ube2W regulates solubility of the Huntington's disease protein, huntingtin. 
  • The ubiquitin ligase MuRF1 regulates PPARα activity in the heart by enhancing nuclear export via monoubiquitination. 
  • The upstream enhancer elements of the G6PC promoter are critical for optimal G6PC expression in murine glycogen storage disease type Ia. 
  • The vascular NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox is involved in redox-mediated gene expression. 
  • The vesicular acetylcholine transporter is required for neuromuscular development and function. 
  • Therapeutic Benefit of Autophagy Modulation in Pompe Disease. 
  • Thrittene, homologous with somatostatin-28((1-13)), is a novel peptide in mammalian gut and circulation. 
  • Thrombospondin 1 inhibits inflammatory lymphangiogenesis by CD36 ligation on monocytes. 
  • Thrombospondin-1 is required for normal murine pulmonary homeostasis and its absence causes pneumonia. 
  • Thrombospondins 1 and 2 are necessary for synaptic plasticity and functional recovery after stroke. 
  • Thromboxane A2 induces airway constriction through an M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent mechanism. 
  • Thromboxane A2 is a key regulator of pathogenesis during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. 
  • Thromboxane receptor signalling in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. 
  • Thromboxane receptors in smooth muscle promote hypertension, vascular remodeling, and sudden death. 
  • Thyroid hormone action at the cellular, genomic and target gene levels. 
  • Thyroid hormone regulates hepatic expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in a PPARalpha-dependent manner. 
  • Tight regulation of diacylglycerol-mediated signaling is critical for proper invariant NKT cell development. 
  • Tissue plasminogen activator contributes to morphine tolerance and induces mechanical allodynia via astrocytic IL-1β and ERK signaling in the spinal cord of mice. 
  • Tissue-specific inactivation of murine M6P/IGF2R. 
  • Toll-like receptor 2-dependent and -independent activation of macrophages by group B streptococci. 
  • Toll-like receptor 3 and geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to chronic itch, alloknesis, and spinal astrocyte activation in male mice. 
  • Toll-like receptor 7 mediates pruritus. 
  • Toll-like receptor 8-mediated activation of murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells by vaccinia viral DNA. 
  • Topographic specificity within membranes of a single muscle detected in vitro. 
  • Toward a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy: is endothelial nitric oxide synthase the missing link? 
  • Trace amine associated receptor 1 and movement control. 
  • Trace amine-associated receptors as emerging therapeutic targets. 
  • Transcription factor Nrf2 hyperactivation in early-phase renal ischemia-reperfusion injury prevents tubular damage progression. 
  • Transcription factor p53 influences microglial activation phenotype. 
  • Transcription factor short stature homeobox 2 is required for proper development of tropomyosin-related kinase B-expressing mechanosensory neurons. 
  • Transcriptional control of glyoxalase 1 by Nrf2 provides a stress-responsive defence against dicarbonyl glycation. 
  • Transcriptional regulation of the mouse presenilin-1 gene. 
  • Transducin gamma-subunit sets expression levels of alpha- and beta-subunits and is crucial for rod viability. 
  • Transducin translocation in rods is triggered by saturation of the GTPase-activating complex. 
  • Transducin β-Subunit Can Interact with Multiple G-Protein γ-Subunits to Enable Light Detection by Rod Photoreceptors. 
  • Transforming growth factor beta-mediated transcriptional repression of c-myc is dependent on direct binding of Smad3 to a novel repressive Smad binding element. 
  • Transgenic animals in integrative biology: approaches and interpretations of outcome. 
  • Transgenic expression of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor-1 rescues SPINK3-deficient mice and restores a normal pancreatic phenotype. 
  • Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 8 channels mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of eucalyptol. 
  • Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Ion Channel Functions as a Pruriceptor in Epidermal Keratinocytes to Evoke Histaminergic Itch. 
  • Transient hypoxia stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis in brain subcortex by a neuronal nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism. 
  • Transient receptor potential ion channels V4 and A1 contribute to pancreatitis pain in mice. 
  • Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 inhibits mouse colonic motility by activating NO-dependent enteric neurotransmission. 
  • Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 mediates protease activated receptor 2-induced sensitization of colonic afferent nerves and visceral hyperalgesia. 
  • Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4-mediated disruption of the alveolar septal barrier: a novel mechanism of acute lung injury. 
  • Transient receptor potential vanilloid channels functioning in transduction of osmotic stimuli. 
  • Transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 has a major role in visceral hypersensitivity symptoms. 
  • Treatment with a laminin-derived peptide suppresses lupus nephritis. 
  • Treatment with oral bromelain decreases colonic inflammation in the IL-10-deficient murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. 
  • Troponin T3 expression in skeletal and smooth muscle is required for growth and postnatal survival: characterization of Tnnt3(tm2a(KOMP)Wtsi) mice. 
  • Tuberous sclerosis 1 promotes invariant NKT cell anergy and inhibits invariant NKT cell-mediated antitumor immunity. 
  • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline. 
  • Tumor necrosis factor-α produced in the kidney contributes to angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. 
  • Tumor suppressor TSC1 is critical for T-cell anergy. 
  • Tumor-targeted T cells modified to secrete IL-12 eradicate systemic tumors without need for prior conditioning. 
  • Type 1 angiotensin receptors on macrophages ameliorate IL-1 receptor-mediated kidney fibrosis. 
  • Type I IFN signaling on both B and CD4 T cells is required for protective antibody response to adenovirus. 
  • Type VI Collagen Regulates Pericellular Matrix Properties, Chondrocyte Swelling, and Mechanotransduction in Mouse Articular Cartilage. 
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation-independent regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated response by the transmembrane adaptor protein LAB. 
  • U19/Eaf2 knockout causes lung adenocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. 
  • UV radiation is a transcriptional inducer of p21(Cip1/Waf1) cyclin-kinase inhibitor in a p53-independent manner. 
  • Ubc9 overexpression and SUMO1 deficiency blunt inflammation after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. 
  • Ubiquitin systems mark pathogen-containing vacuoles as targets for host defense by guanylate binding proteins. 
  • Ubiquitin-specific Protease 20 Regulates the Reciprocal Functions of β-Arrestin2 in Toll-like Receptor 4-promoted Nuclear Factor κB (NFκB) Activation. 
  • Ubiquitination of Innate Immune Regulator TRAF3 Orchestrates Expulsion of Intracellular Bacteria by Exocyst Complex. 
  • Ultrastructural abnormalities in CA1 hippocampus caused by deletion of the actin regulator WAVE-1. 
  • Ultraviolet light exposure suppresses contact hypersensitivity by abrogating endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation at the elicitation site. 
  • Uncoupling phototoxicity-elicited neural dysmorphology and death by insidious function and selective impairment of Ran-binding protein 2 (Ranbp2). 
  • Uncovering inherent cellular plasticity of multiciliated ependyma leading to ventricular wall transformation and hydrocephalus. 
  • Unexpected anti-alpha GalNAc antibodies in alpha-galactosyl transferase-deficient mice: complex relationship between genotype and the natural antibody repertoire. 
  • Unexpected positive control of NFκB and miR-155 by DGKα and ζ ensures effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. 
  • Unexpected role of clathrin adaptor AP-1 in MHC-dependent positive selection of T cells. 
  • Unmasking Proteolytic Activity for Adult Visual Cortex Plasticity by the Removal of Lynx1. 
  • Upregulation of osmo-mechanosensitive TRPV4 channel facilitates chronic hypoxia-induced myogenic tone and pulmonary hypertension. 
  • Upregulation of the voltage-gated sodium channel beta2 subunit in neuropathic pain models: characterization of expression in injured and non-injured primary sensory neurons. 
  • Uptake and release of norepinephrine by serotonergic terminals in norepinephrine transporter knock-out mice: implications for the action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 
  • Urease expression by Cryptococcus neoformans promotes microvascular sequestration, thereby enhancing central nervous system invasion. 
  • Urine electrolyte, mineral, and protein excretion in NHERF-2 and NHERF-1 null mice. 
  • Use of genetically modified mouse models for evaluation of carcinogenic risk: considerations for the laboratory animal scientist. 
  • Uterine artery dysfunction in pregnant ACE2 knockout mice is associated with placental hypoxia and reduced umbilical blood flow velocity. 
  • VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. 
  • VGLUT2-dependent glutamate release from nociceptors is required to sense pain and suppress itch. 
  • Vacuolar and plasma membrane stripping and autophagic elimination of Toxoplasma gondii in primed effector macrophages. 
  • Variable Extent of Lineage-Specificity and Developmental Stage-Specificity of Cohesin and CCCTC-Binding Factor Binding Within the Immunoglobulin and T Cell Receptor Loci. 
  • Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus. 
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling is necessary for expansion of medullary microvessels during postnatal kidney development. 
  • Vascular morphogenesis: tales of two syndromes. 
  • Vasoconstrictor responses in thromboxane receptor knockout mice: tubuloglomerular feedback and ureteral obstruction. 
  • Vav and Rac activation in B cell antigen receptor endocytosis involves Vav recruitment to the adapter protein LAB. 
  • Vesicular zinc promotes presynaptic and inhibits postsynaptic long-term potentiation of mossy fiber-CA3 synapse. 
  • WRP/srGAP3 facilitates the initiation of spine development by an inverse F-BAR domain, and its loss impairs long-term memory. 
  • What can knockout mice contribute to an understanding of hypertension? 
  • Whole-exome sequencing implicates UBE3D in age-related macular degeneration in East Asian populations. 
  • Wnt4 is essential to normal mammalian lung development. 
  • Wnt5a is necessary for normal kidney development in zebrafish and mice. 
  • Wnts are dispensable for differentiation and self-renewal of adult murine hematopoietic stem cells. 
  • Wound healing in haemophilia--breaking the vicious cycle. 
  • Yin Yang 1 Promotes Thymocyte Survival by Downregulating p53. 
  • Yolk-sac-derived macrophages regulate fetal testis vascularization and morphogenesis. 
  • Zebrafish knockout of Down syndrome gene, DYRK1A, shows social impairments relevant to autism. 
  • Zinc-mediated transactivation of TrkB potentiates the hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 pyramid synapse. 
  • [Behavioral, cellular and molecular consequences of the dopamine transporter gene inactivation]. 
  • [Degeneration of growth cones in a culture of embryonic neurons of mouse with presenilin 1 gene knockout]. 
  • [Potential role of presenilin 1 in regulation of synaptic function]. 
  • beta -Arrestins regulate protease-activated receptor-1 desensitization but not internalization or Down-regulation. 
  • beta-Arrestin 1 and 2 differentially regulate heptahelical receptor signaling and trafficking. 
  • beta-Arrestin 2 expression determines the transcriptional response to lysophosphatidic acid stimulation in murine embryo fibroblasts. 
  • beta-Arrestin1 mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing, but not its antilipolytic effect, in mice. 
  • beta-Catenin protects the epidermis from mechanical stresses. 
  • beta-arrestin-dependent, G protein-independent ERK1/2 activation by the beta2 adrenergic receptor. 
  • beta2-adrenergic receptor signaling and desensitization elucidated by quantitative modeling of real time cAMP dynamics. 
  • c-FLIP protects T lymphocytes from apoptosis in the intrinsic pathway. 
  • cFLIP regulates skin homeostasis and protects against TNF-induced keratinocyte apoptosis. 
  • gammadelta T cells are a component of early immunity against preerythrocytic malaria parasites. 
  • iNKT cells require TSC1 for terminal maturation and effector lineage fate decisions. 
  • mTOR coordinates transcriptional programs and mitochondrial metabolism of activated Treg subsets to protect tissue homeostasis. 
  • mTOR is critical for intestinal T-cell homeostasis and resistance to Citrobacter rodentium. 
  • mTORC1 inhibition restricts inflammation-associated gastrointestinal tumorigenesis in mice. 
  • mTORC2 in Thymic Epithelial Cells Controls Thymopoiesis and T Cell Development. 
  • meaRtools: An R package for the analysis of neuronal networks recorded on microelectrode arrays. 
  • miR-17-92 cluster targets phosphatase and tensin homology and Ikaros Family Zinc Finger 4 to promote TH17-mediated inflammation. 
  • miR-34a is a microRNA safeguard for Citrobacter-induced inflammatory colon oncogenesis. 
  • p38 MAPK activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons after inflammation increases TRPV1 levels and maintains heat hyperalgesia. 
  • p53-dependent control of transactivation of the Pen2 promoter by presenilins. 
  • p63, a p53 homolog at 3q27-29, encodes multiple products with transactivating, death-inducing, and dominant-negative activities. 
  • ΔN-TRPV1: A Molecular Co-detector of Body Temperature and Osmotic Stress. 
  • α4β7 Integrin is essential for contact hypersensitivity by regulating migration of T cells to skin. 
  • α7-Nicotinic receptors and cognition. 
  • α7-Nicotinic receptors and cognition. 
  • αB-crystallin: a novel regulator of breast cancer metastasis to the brain. 
  • β-Arrestin mediates the Frank-Starling mechanism of cardiac contractility. 
  • β-Arrestin-2 desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel. 
  • β-Arrestin-2 mediates the proinflammatory effects of proteinase-activated receptor-2 in the airway. 
  • β-Arrestin-biased AT1R stimulation promotes cell survival during acute cardiac injury. 
  • β-Arrestin2 mediates progression of murine primary myelofibrosis. 
  • β-Arrestin2 mediates the initiation and progression of myeloid leukemia. 
  • β-Catenin modulation in neurofibromatosis type 1 bone repair: therapeutic implications. 
  • β-Catenin-regulated myeloid cell adhesion and migration determine wound healing. 
  • β-Cell Inactivation of Gpr119 Unmasks Incretin Dependence of GPR119-Mediated Glucoregulation. 
  • β-Secretase (BACE1) inhibition causes retinal pathology by vascular dysregulation and accumulation of age pigment. 
  • β-arrestin deficiency protects against pulmonary fibrosis in mice and prevents fibroblast invasion of extracellular matrix. 
  • β-arrestin-2 is an essential regulator of pancreatic β-cell function under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. 
  • β-arrestin-2 regulates NMDA receptor function in spinal lamina II neurons and duration of persistent pain. 
  • β-arrestin1-biased β1-adrenergic receptor signaling regulates microRNA processing. 
  • β2-Adrenoceptor agonists are required for development of the asthma phenotype in a murine model. 
  • κ-Opioid receptors in the central amygdala regulate ethanol actions at presynaptic GABAergic sites. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bennett, Vann, George B. Geller Professor for Research in Molecular Biology in the School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Bowes Rickman, Catherine, Professor of Ophthalmology, Cell Biology
  • Calakos, Nicole, Professor in Neurology, Duke Science & Society
  • Chen, Jun, Associate Professor of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Choi, Steven Sok, Associate Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology
  • Cianciolo, George James, Associate Professor in Pathology, Pathology
  • Ciofani, Maria, Assistant Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Professor of Cell Biology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Farsiu, Sina, Paul Ruffin Scarborough Associate Professor of Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering
  • Freemark, Michael Scott, Robert C. Atkins, M.D. and Veronica Atkins Professor of Pediatrics, in the School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Endocrinology
  • Gunn, Michael Dee, Professor of Medicine, Immunology
  • Hirschey, Matthew, Associate Professor, Pharmacology & Cancer Biology
  • Hogan, Brigid L. M., George Barth Geller Professor, Cell Biology
  • Johnson, G. Allan, Charles E. Putman University Professor of Radiology, Physics
  • Kelsoe, Garnett H., James B. Duke Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Krangel, Michael S., Mary Bernheim Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Laskowitz, Daniel Todd, Professor of Neurology, Duke Innovation & Entrepreneurship
  • McDonnell, Donald Patrick, Chair, Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke Innovation & Entrepreneurship
  • McLendon, Roger Edwin, Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Nicolelis, Miguel Angelo L., Duke School of Medicine Professor in Neuroscience, Psychology and Neuroscience
  • Pitt, Geoffrey Stuart, Adjunct Professor in the Department of Medicine, Medicine, Cardiology
  • Schmehl, Meredith, Student, Neurobiology
  • Shinohara, Mari L., Associate Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Soderling, Scott Haydn, Professor in Cell Biology, Cell Biology
  • Sparks, Matthew A., Assistant Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Nephrology
  • Sunday, Mary Elizabeth Anne, Professor of Pathology, Cell Biology
  • Taylor, Gregory Alan, Associate Professor in Medicine, Immunology
  • Warner, David Samuel, Distinguished Professor of Anesthesiology, in the School of Medicine, Neurobiology
  • Yang, Yiping, Professor of Medicine, Immunology
  • Zhong, Xiaoping, Professor of Pediatrics, Immunology