Dimerization

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • 14-3-3 proteins are part of an abscisic acid-VIVIPAROUS1 (VP1) response complex in the Em promoter and interact with VP1 and EmBP1. 
  • A benchmark comparison of σ/σ and π/π dispersion: the dimers of naphthalene and decalin, and coronene and perhydrocoronene. 
  • A crystal structure of a dimer of the antibiotic ramoplanin illustrates membrane positioning and a potential Lipid II docking interface. 
  • A dimerized coiled-coil domain and an adjoining part of geminin interact with two sites on Cdt1 for replication inhibition. 
  • A domain in TNF receptors that mediates ligand-independent receptor assembly and signaling. 
  • A mathematical model quantifying GnRH-induced LH secretion from gonadotropes. 
  • A rapid fluorescence assay for FtsZ assembly indicates cooperative assembly with a dimer nucleus. 
  • A solubility-enhancement tag (SET) for NMR studies of poorly behaving proteins. 
  • A stable dimer in the pH-induced equilibrium unfolding of the homo-hexameric enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT). 
  • Agonist/endogenous peptide-MHC heterodimers drive T cell activation and sensitivity. 
  • Allosteric regulation of type I hexokinase: A site-directed mutational study indicating location of the functional glucose 6-phosphate binding site in the N-terminal half of the enzyme. 
  • Altered Twist1 and Hand2 dimerization is associated with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and limb abnormalities. 
  • Alternative activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases in curcumin and arsenite-induced HSP70 gene expression in human colorectal carcinoma cells. 
  • Analysis of glycosaminoglycans in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with mucopolysaccharidoses by isotope-dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 
  • Analysis of the role of E2A-encoded proteins in insulin gene transcription. 
  • Apparent cooperative assembly of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ demonstrated by isothermal titration calorimetry. 
  • Assembly and molecular activities of the MutS tetramer. 
  • Atomic distance estimates from disulfides and high-affinity metal-binding sites in a K+ channel pore. 
  • B-cell-lineage immunogen design in vaccine development with HIV-1 as a case study. 
  • Binding of MetJ repressor to specific and nonspecific DNA and effect of S-adenosylmethionine on these interactions. 
  • BtubA-BtubB heterodimer is an essential intermediate in protofilament assembly. 
  • C-terminal opening mimics 'inside-out' activation of integrin alpha5beta1. 
  • CD19 amplification of B lymphocyte Ca2+ responses: a role for Lyn sequestration in extinguishing negative regulation. 
  • Ca2+/CaM controls Ca2+-dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors by dimerizing the NR1 C termini. 
  • Cdc37/Hsp90 protein-mediated regulation of IRE1α protein activity in endoplasmic reticulum stress response and insulin synthesis in INS-1 cells. 
  • Certain pairs of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) synthesize nondegradable forked ubiquitin chains containing all possible isopeptide linkages. 
  • Characterization of key residues in the subdomain encoded by exons 8 and 9 of human inducible nitric oxide synthase: a critical role for Asp-280 in substrate binding and subunit interactions. 
  • Characterization of the SarA virulence gene regulator of Staphylococcus aureus. 
  • Characterization of transcriptional activation and DNA-binding functions in the hinge region of the vitamin D receptor. 
  • Cleavage of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein by airway proteases enhances virus entry into human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. 
  • Combined bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -7 gene transfer enhances osteoblastic differentiation and spine fusion in a rodent model. 
  • Comparison of HIV Type 1 ADA gp120 monomers versus gp140 trimers as immunogens for the induction of neutralizing antibodies. 
  • Comparison of the interactions of transferrin receptor and transferrin receptor 2 with transferrin and the hereditary hemochromatosis protein HFE. 
  • Competition between monomeric and dimeric crystals in schematic models for globular proteins. 
  • Computational design of a biologically active enzyme. 
  • Conformation change of horseradish peroxidase in lipid membrane. 
  • Conformational changes of purine repressor DNA-binding domain upon complexation with DNA. 
  • Consensus and variant cAMP-regulated enhancers have distinct CREB-binding properties. 
  • Crystal Structures of the Plant Phospholipase A1 Proteins Reveal a Unique Dimerization Domain 
  • Crystal structure of HPr kinase/phosphatase from Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
  • Crystal structure of MtaN, a global multidrug transporter gene activator. 
  • Crystal structure of protein farnesyltransferase at 2.25 angstrom resolution. 
  • Crystal structures of Toxoplasma gondii uracil phosphoribosyltransferase reveal the atomic basis of pyrimidine discrimination and prodrug binding. 
  • Crystal structures of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from Leishmania donovani. 
  • Crystal structures of apocalmodulin and an apocalmodulin/SK potassium channel gating domain complex. 
  • Cutting edge: trimolecular interaction of TCR with MHC class II and bacterial superantigen shows a similar affinity to MHC:peptide ligands. 
  • DNA chain length dependence of formation and dynamics of hMutSalpha.hMutLalpha.heteroduplex complexes. 
  • DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation. 
  • Determining stoichiometry in homomultimeric nucleic acid complexes using magnetic field induced residual dipolar couplings. 
  • Development of peptide antagonists that target estrogen receptor beta-coactivator interactions. 
  • Differential and simultaneous adenosine di- and triphosphate binding by MutS. 
  • Differential effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 and its proteolytic fragments on ligand binding, cell surface association, and IGF-I receptor signaling. 
  • Differential effects of nitric oxide-mediated S-nitrosylation on p50 and c-jun DNA binding. 
  • Differential osteopontin expression in phenotypically distinct subclones of murine breast cancer cells mediates metastatic behavior. 
  • Dimeric subunit stoichiometry of the human voltage-dependent proton channel Hv1. 
  • Dimerized Drosophila myosin VIIa: a processive motor. 
  • Direct measurement of peptide-specific CD8+ T cells using HLA-A2:Ig dimer for monitoring the in vivo immune response to a HER2/neu vaccine in breast and prostate cancer patients. 
  • Direct visualization of asymmetric adenine-nucleotide-induced conformational changes in MutL alpha. 
  • Discrete in vivo roles for the MutL homologs Mlh2p and Mlh3p in the removal of frameshift intermediates in budding yeast. 
  • Disulfide-mediated dimerization of L1 Ig domains. 
  • Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP94 subunit assembly is regulated through a defined oligomerization domain. 
  • Engineered chimeric streptavidin tetramers as novel tools for bioseparations and drug delivery. 
  • Engineering oxidative stability in human hemoglobin based on the Hb providence (βK82D) mutation and genetic cross-linking. 
  • Engineering, expression, purification, and characterization of stable clade A/B recombinant soluble heterotrimeric gp140 proteins. 
  • Eps15 is constitutively oligomerized due to homophilic interaction of its coiled-coil region. 
  • Evidence against formation of A23187 dimers and oligomers in solution: photo-induced degradation of Ionophore A23187. 
  • Evidence for the intertwined dimer of the cytochrome bc(1) complex in solution. 
  • Evolution of graded refractive index in squid lenses. 
  • Expression analysis of endoglin missense and truncation mutations: insights into protein structure and disease mechanisms. 
  • Fab-dimerized glycan-reactive antibodies are a structural category of natural antibodies. 
  • Femtosecond pulse train shaping improves two-photon excited fluorescence measurements 
  • Functional analysis of the lipoglycodepsipeptide antibiotic ramoplanin. 
  • Functional domains of the ubiquitous chromatin protein DEK. 
  • Functional interaction between trace amine-associated receptor 1 and dopamine D2 receptor. 
  • Functions of E2A-HEB heterodimers in T-cell development revealed by a dominant negative mutation of HEB. 
  • G protein-coupled receptor Gpr4 senses amino acids and activates the cAMP-PKA pathway in Cryptococcus neoformans. 
  • Guanidine-induced equilibrium unfolding of a homo-hexameric enzyme 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-OT). 
  • Hmo1p, a high mobility group 1/2 homolog, genetically and physically interacts with the yeast FKBP12 prolyl isomerase. 
  • How Gsalpha activates adenylyl cyclase. 
  • Human MafG is a functional partner for p45 NF-E2 in activating globin gene expression. 
  • Human MutLγ, the MLH1-MLH3 heterodimer, is an endonuclease that promotes DNA expansion. 
  • Human PXR forms a tryptophan zipper-mediated homodimer. 
  • Human mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma exhibits potential for bypass and mutagenesis at UV-induced cyclobutane thymine dimers 
  • Hydrolytically deficient MutS E694A is defective in the MutL-dependent activation of MutH and in the mismatch-dependent assembly of the MutS.MutL.heteroduplex complex. 
  • Identification of a novel trimeric autotransporter adhesin in the cryptic genospecies of Haemophilus. 
  • Identification of novel quaternary domain interactions in the Hsp90 chaperone, GRP94. 
  • Implications for proteasome nuclear localization revealed by the structure of the nuclear proteasome tether protein Cut8. 
  • Inverted DNA repeats channel repair of distant double-strand breaks into chromatid fusions and chromosomal rearrangements. 
  • Investigating the SecY plug movement at the SecYEG translocation channel. 
  • Isolation and initial characterization of the BRCA2 promoter. 
  • K channel subconductance levels result from heteromeric pore conformations. 
  • Kar3 interaction with Cik1 alters motor structure and function. 
  • L-selectin dimerization enhances tether formation to properly spaced ligand. 
  • Leukocyte rolling velocities and migration are optimized by cooperative L-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 functions. 
  • Lineage-specific signaling in melanocytes. C-kit stimulation recruits p300/CBP to microphthalmia. 
  • Liquid water simulations with the density fragment interaction approach. 
  • Localization of a cryptic binding site for tenascin on fibronectin. 
  • MYC Disrupts the Circadian Clock and Metabolism in Cancer Cells. 
  • Mammalian septins regulate microtubule stability through interaction with the microtubule-binding protein MAP4. 
  • Mapping Tertiary Interactions in Protein Folding Reactions: A Novel Mass Spectrometry- and Chemical Synthesis-Based Approach 
  • Mechanically interlocked calix[4]arene dimers display reversible bond breakage under force. 
  • Mechanism and function of synaptotagmin-mediated membrane apposition. 
  • Mechanisms of cellular protrusions branch out. 
  • Microtubule cross-linking triggers the directional motility of kinesin-5. 
  • Minimal determinants for binding activated G alpha from the structure of a G alpha(i1)-peptide dimer. 
  • Modulation of MutS ATP hydrolysis by DNA cofactors. 
  • Molecular basis of sulfite oxidase deficiency from the structure of sulfite oxidase. 
  • Molecular encapsulation. 
  • Molecular mechanisms of HipA-mediated multidrug tolerance and its neutralization by HipB. 
  • Molecular structure of a 9-MDa icosahedral pyruvate dehydrogenase subcomplex containing the E2 and E3 enzymes using cryoelectron microscopy. 
  • MutS mediates heteroduplex loop formation by a translocation mechanism. 
  • N-terminal PDZ domain is required for NHERF dimerization. 
  • Neurabin/protein phosphatase-1 complex regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis and maturation. 
  • Oligomerization of expanded-polyglutamine domain fluorescent fusion proteins in cultured mammalian cells. 
  • Optical rotation of noncovalent aggregates. 
  • P1 partition complex assembly involves several modes of protein-DNA recognition. 
  • PKA, PKC, and the protein phosphatase 2A influence HAND factor function: a mechanism for tissue-specific transcriptional regulation. 
  • Pervasive conformational fluctuations on microsecond time scales in a fibronectin type III domain. 
  • Pharmacological manipulation of the RAR/RXR signaling pathway maintains the repopulating capacity of hematopoietic stem cells in culture. 
  • Phosphorylation of PDZ1 domain attenuates NHERF-1 binding to cellular targets. 
  • Phosphorylation of the group A Streptococcal CovR response regulator causes dimerization and promoter-specific recruitment by RNA polymerase. 
  • Photoselected electron transfer pathways in DNA photolyase. 
  • Physical exosome:exosome interactions. 
  • Picornavirus genome replication. Identification of the surface of the poliovirus (PV) 3C dimer that interacts with PV 3Dpol during VPg uridylylation and construction of a structural model for the PV 3C2-3Dpol complex. 
  • Polarization mapping of nanoparticle plasmonic coupling. 
  • Protein farnesyltransferase. 
  • Protein kinase A regulates ATP hydrolysis and dimerization by a CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) domain. 
  • Protein-Protein Docking Benchmark 2.0: an update. 
  • Qualitative and quantitative differences in T cell receptor binding of agonist and antagonist ligands. 
  • Quantum confined peptide assemblies with tunable visible to near-infrared spectral range. 
  • Rapid chiral assembly of rigid DNA building blocks for molecular nanofabrication. 
  • Rapid double 8-nm steps by a kinesin mutant. 
  • Receptor dimerization is not a factor in the signalling activity of a transforming variant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII). 
  • Recognition of synthetic glycopeptides by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies and their unmutated ancestors. 
  • Recombinant Rhodobacter capsulatus xanthine dehydrogenase, a useful model system for the characterization of protein variants leading to xanthinuria I in humans. 
  • Redox properties of human hemoglobin in complex with fractionated dimeric and polymeric human haptoglobin. 
  • Regulation of Kv1 subunit expression in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and their role in G1/S phase progression of the cell cycle. 
  • Regulation of L-selectin-mediated rolling through receptor dimerization. 
  • Reinterpretation of GCN4-p1 folding kinetics: partial helix formation precedes dimerization in coiled coil folding. 
  • Removal of the pro-domain does not affect the conformation of the procaspase-3 dimer. 
  • Resolving fast and slow motions in the internal loop containing stem-loop 1 of HIV-1 that are modulated by Mg2+ binding: role in the kissing-duplex structural transition. 
  • Revised structure of the AbrB N-terminal domain unifies a diverse superfamily of putative DNA-binding proteins. 
  • Rotation of the stalk/neck and one head in a new crystal structure of the kinesin motor protein, Ncd. 
  • Selective inhibition of heterotrimeric Gs signaling. Targeting the receptor-G protein interface using a peptide minigene encoding the Galpha(s) carboxyl terminus. 
  • Seven-transmembrane receptors. 
  • Structural and mechanical study of a self-assembling protein nanotube. 
  • Structural and thermodynamic characterization of a cytoplasmic dynein light chain-intermediate chain complex. 
  • Structural basis for cooperative DNA binding by two dimers of the multidrug-binding protein QacR. 
  • Structural basis for the remarkable stability of Bacillus subtilis lipase (Lip A) at low pH. 
  • Structural basis of multidrug recognition by BmrR, a transcription activator of a multidrug transporter. 
  • Structural basis of multifunctional bovine mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex. 
  • Structural mechanisms of QacR induction and multidrug recognition. 
  • Structural requirements for association of neurofascin with ankyrin. 
  • Structural studies of molybdopterin synthase provide insights into its catalytic mechanism. 
  • Structure of a four-way bridged ParB-DNA complex provides insight into P1 segrosome assembly. 
  • Structure of the N-terminal domain of GRP94. Basis for ligand specificity and regulation. 
  • Structure of the Rad50 x Mre11 DNA repair complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by electron microscopy. 
  • Structure-guided reprogramming of serine recombinase DNA sequence specificity. 
  • Structures of ParB bound to DNA reveal mechanism of partition complex formation. 
  • Structures of maintenance of carboxysome distribution Walker-box McdA and McdB adaptor homologs. 
  • Structures of regulatory machinery reveal novel molecular mechanisms controlling B. subtilis nitrogen homeostasis. 
  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering plasmonic enhancement using DNA origami-based complex metallic nanostructures. 
  • Synthesis of Hsp90 dimerization modulators. 
  • Systemic administration of an HIV-1 broadly neutralizing dimeric IgA yields mucosal secretory IgA and virus neutralization. 
  • Targeting protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to the actin cytoskeleton: the neurabin I/PP1 complex regulates cell morphology. 
  • Tetrameric c-di-GMP mediates effective transcription factor dimerization to control Streptomyces development. 
  • The 9-1-1 checkpoint clamp physically interacts with polzeta and is partially required for spontaneous polzeta-dependent mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 
  • The APC/C E3 Ligase Complex Activator FZR1 Restricts BRAF Oncogenic Function. 
  • The E5 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 perturbs MHC class II antigen maturation in human foreskin keratinocytes treated with interferon-gamma. 
  • The Haemophilus influenzae Hia autotransporter contains an unusually short trimeric translocator domain. 
  • The MotA transcriptional activator of bacteriophage T4 binds to its specific DNA site as a monomer. 
  • The MutSalpha-proliferating cell nuclear antigen interaction in human DNA mismatch repair. 
  • The N-terminal region of RTP1S plays important roles in dimer formation and odorant receptor-trafficking. 
  • The RGD motif in fibronectin is essential for development but dispensable for fibril assembly. 
  • The activation domain of the MotA transcription factor from bacteriophage T4. 
  • The betagamma subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins interacts with RACK1 and two other WD repeat proteins. 
  • The compact conformation of fibronectin is determined by intramolecular ionic interactions. 
  • The crystal structure of Escherichia coli MoeA and its relationship to the multifunctional protein gephyrin. 
  • The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of a eukaryotic guanylate cyclase. 
  • The disulfide bonding pattern in ficolin multimers. 
  • The double-stranded RNA binding protein 76:NF45 heterodimer inhibits translation initiation at the rhinovirus type 2 internal ribosome entry site. 
  • The estrogen receptor beta-isoform (ERbeta) of the human estrogen receptor modulates ERalpha transcriptional activity and is a key regulator of the cellular response to estrogens and antiestrogens. 
  • The human T-cell leukemia virus-1 transcriptional activator Tax enhances cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) binding activity through interactions with the DNA minor groove. 
  • The mismatch DNA repair heterodimer, hMSH2/6, regulates BLM helicase. 
  • The performance of ZDOCK and ZRANK in rounds 6-11 of CAPRI. 
  • The role of the porcine von Willebrand factor: baboon platelet interactions in pulmonary xenotransplantation. 
  • The role of the specificity-determining loop of the integrin beta subunit I-like domain in autonomous expression, association with the alpha subunit, and ligand binding. 
  • The role of the supernumerary subunit of Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome bc1 complex. 
  • The staphylococcal QacR multidrug regulator binds a correctly spaced operator as a pair of dimers. 
  • The stoichiometry of trimeric SIV glycoprotein interaction with CD4 differs from that of anti-envelope antibody Fab fragments. 
  • The structural mechanism of GTP stabilized oligomerization and catalytic activation of the Toxoplasma gondii uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. 
  • The structure of a CREB bZIP.somatostatin CRE complex reveals the basis for selective dimerization and divalent cation-enhanced DNA binding. 
  • The telomeric protein TRF2 binds the ATM kinase and can inhibit the ATM-dependent DNA damage response. 
  • Thermodynamic analysis of subunit interactions in Escherichia coli molybdopterin synthase. 
  • Transcriptional control of intestinal cytochrome P-4503A by 1alpha,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. 
  • Two oligomeric forms of plasma ficolin have differential lectin activity. 
  • Two-dimensional crystallization and projection structure of KcsA potassium channel. 
  • Ubiquitylation of the transducin betagamma subunit complex. Regulation by phosducin. 
  • Ultrastructure and function of dimeric, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). 
  • Unreported Missense Mutation in the Dimerization Domain of ADA2 Leads to ADA2 Deficiency Associated with Severe Oral Ulcers and Neutropenia in a Female Somalian Patient-Addendum to the Genotype-Phenotype Puzzle. 
  • Unusual mode of dimerization of retinitis pigmentosa-associated F220C rhodopsin. 
  • Utilization of a soluble integrin-alkaline phosphatase chimera to characterize integrin alpha 8 beta 1 receptor interactions with tenascin: murine alpha 8 beta 1 binds to the RGD site in tenascin-C fragments, but not to native tenascin-C. 
  • Viral and bacterial infections induce expression of multiple NK cell receptors in responding CD8(+) T cells. 
  • X-ray crystallographic analysis of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) modified with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. 
  • XMAP215 is a long thin molecule that does not increase microtubule stiffness. 
  • ZDOCK and RDOCK performance in CAPRI rounds 3, 4, and 5. 
  • beta-Arrestin 1 and Galphaq/11 coordinately activate RhoA and stress fiber formation following receptor stimulation. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bennett, Vann, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Duke Cancer Institute
  • Erickson, Harold Paul, James B. Duke Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Cell Biology
  • Fischer, Martin, Research Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Chemistry
  • Soderling, Scott Haydn, George Barth Geller Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology
  • Sullivan, Daniel Carl, Professor Emeritus of Radiology, Radiology