Hepatocytes

• 

  Subject Areas on Research

  • A CRISPR Screen Identifies the Cell Polarity Determinant Crumbs 3 as an Adeno-associated Virus Restriction Factor in Hepatocytes. 
  • A critical role for ChREBP-mediated FGF21 secretion in hepatic fructose metabolism. 
  • A family of hierarchically self-assembling linear-dendritic hybrid polymers for highly efficient targeted gene delivery. 
  • A genetic view of iron homeostasis. 
  • A laboratory-adapted HCV JFH-1 strain is sensitive to neutralization and can gradually escape under the selection pressure of neutralizing human plasma. 
  • A20 modulates lipid metabolism and energy production to promote liver regeneration. 
  • A20 protects mice from D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide acute toxic lethal hepatitis. 
  • A20 protects mice from lethal liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha expression. 
  • A20 protects mice from lethal radical hepatectomy by promoting hepatocyte proliferation via a p21waf1-dependent mechanism. 
  • Ablation of c-FLIP in hepatocytes enhances death-receptor mediated apoptosis and toxic liver injury in vivo. 
  • Absence of the SRC-2 coactivator results in a glycogenopathy resembling Von Gierke's disease. 
  • Accumulation of duct cells with activated YAP parallels fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 
  • Accumulation of hedgehog-responsive progenitors parallels alcoholic liver disease severity in mice and humans. 
  • Activin induces hepatocyte cell growth arrest through induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p15INK4B and Sp1. 
  • Acute organ failure following the loss of anti-apoptotic cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein involves activation of innate immune receptors. 
  • Acute pancreatitis induces FasL gene expression and apoptosis in the liver. 
  • Acyl-CoAs are functionally channeled in liver: potential role of acyl-CoA synthetase. 
  • Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to nonparenchymal cells in normal and injured liver. 
  • Akt1 and Akt2 are required for alphabeta thymocyte survival and differentiation. 
  • An endogenous TNF-alpha antagonist induced by splice-switching oligonucleotides reduces inflammation in hepatitis and arthritis mouse models. 
  • An in vivo look at vertebrate liver architecture: three-dimensional reconstructions from medaka (Oryzias latipes). 
  • Anemia of inflammation: the cytokine-hepcidin link. 
  • Apoptosis and cytokines in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Aquaglyceroporin AQP9: solute permeation and metabolic control of expression in liver. 
  • Balancing acts: molecular control of mammalian iron metabolism. 
  • Benzyl alcohol protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes but causes mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death at higher doses. 
  • Bicarbonate alters cellular responses in respiration assays. 
  • Carcinogen induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in mouse hepatocytes. 
  • Cardioprotective proteins upregulated in the liver in response to experimental myocardial ischemia. 
  • Cell surface F1Fo ATP synthase: a new paradigm? 
  • Characterization of a canine model of glycogen storage disease type IIIa. 
  • Chronic ethanol intoxication enhances the production of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 by hepatocytes after human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein 120 vaccination. 
  • Circulating Levels of Soluble Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Are Dissociated from Inflammation and Induced by Enzymatic DPP4 Inhibition. 
  • Coevolution of Adeno-associated Virus Capsid Antigenicity and Tropism through a Structure-Guided Approach. 
  • Contrast enhanced liver MRI in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: inverse appearance of focal confluent fibrosis on delayed phase MR images with hepatocyte specific versus extracellular gadolinium based contrast agents. 
  • Costaining for keratins 8/18 plus ubiquitin improves detection of hepatocyte injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 
  • Critical role of FoxO3a in alcohol-induced autophagy and hepatotoxicity. 
  • Culture of hepatocytes on fructose-modified chitosan scaffolds. 
  • Culture of primary rat hepatocytes within porous chitosan scaffolds. 
  • Cytokines in alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Decreased autophagy and fuel switching occur in a senescent hepatic cell model system. 
  • Deletion of CaMKK2 from the liver lowers blood glucose and improves whole-body glucose tolerance in the mouse. 
  • Dengue virus and autophagy. 
  • Dengue virus-induced autophagy regulates lipid metabolism. 
  • Determination of glucuronide conjugates of hydroxyl triphenyl phosphate (OH-TPHP) metabolites in human urine and its use as a biomarker of TPHP exposure. 
  • Developmental Morphogens & Recovery from Alcoholic Liver Disease. 
  • Diabetic liver injury from streptozotocin is regulated through the caspase-8 homolog cFLIP involving activation of JNK2 and intrahepatic immunocompetent cells. 
  • Differential AMPK phosphorylation by glucagon and metformin regulates insulin signaling in human hepatic cells. 
  • Differential susceptibility of fish and rat liver cells to oxidative stress and cytotoxicity upon exposure to prooxidants. 
  • Discovery of Druggable Host Factors Critical to Plasmodium Liver-Stage Infection. 
  • Disruption of the expression of the proprotein convertase PC7 reduces BDNF production and affects learning and memory in mice. 
  • Down-regulation of Bmp/Smad signaling by Tmprss6 is required for maintenance of systemic iron homeostasis. 
  • Downregulation of hepatic betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) expression in taurine-deficient mice is reversed by taurine supplementation in vivo. 
  • Dual Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Liver Injury and Regeneration after Acetaminophen Overdose in Mice. 
  • Dynamic MR imaging of the biliary system using hepatocyte-specific contrast agents. 
  • Dysregulated activation of fetal liver programme in acute liver failure. 
  • Editor's Highlight: Metformin Protects Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity by Attenuation of Mitochondrial Oxidant Stress and Dysfunction. 
  • Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on the hepatic glucose metabolism. 
  • Effects of liver growth factors on hepadnavirus replication in chronically infected duck hepatocytes. 
  • Elaboration of tubules with active hedgehog drives parenchymal fibrogenesis in gestational alloimmune liver disease. 
  • Elevated hepatocyte levels of the Forkhead box A2 (HNF-3beta) transcription factor cause postnatal steatosis and mitochondrial damage. 
  • Endoplasmic reticulum stress, hepatocyte CD1d and NKT cell abnormalities in murine fatty livers. 
  • Endotoxin-stimulated Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells Induce Autophagy in Hepatocytes as a Survival Mechanism. 
  • Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells by coculture with hepatic cells. 
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor expression and gene copy number in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. 
  • Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, stimulates hepatic autophagy and lipid clearance. 
  • Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2-mediated alternative splicing reprograms hepatocytes in severe alcoholic hepatitis. 
  • Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions in the liver. 
  • Evidence for and against epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the liver. 
  • Expression of mitochondrial membrane-linked SAB determines severity of sex-dependent acute liver injury. 
  • Fabrication of 3D hepatic tissues by additive photopatterning of cellular hydrogels. 
  • Fas/FasL play a central role in pancreatitis-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. 
  • Fasting-induced hepatic production of DHEA is regulated by PGC-1alpha, ERRalpha, and HNF4alpha. 
  • Fate-mapping evidence that hepatic stellate cells are epithelial progenitors in adult mouse livers. 
  • Fatty acid elongase-5 (Elovl5) regulates hepatic triglyceride catabolism in obese C57BL/6J mice. 
  • Fatty liver vulnerability to endotoxin-induced damage despite NF-kappaB induction and inhibited caspase 3 activation. 
  • Feeding diversified protein sources exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance via increased gut microbial branched-chain fatty acids and mTORC1 signaling in obese mice. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor 21 mediates specific glucagon actions. 
  • Fibroblast growth factor 23 directly targets hepatocytes to promote inflammation in chronic kidney disease. 
  • Fibronectin-mediated hepatocyte shape change reprograms cytochrome P450 2C11 gene expression via an integrin-signaled induction of ribonuclease activity. 
  • Focal gene induction in the liver of rats by a heat-inducible promoter using focused ultrasound hyperthermia: preliminary results. 
  • Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 
  • GLP-1 receptor activation indirectly reduces hepatic lipid accumulation but does not attenuate development of atherosclerosis in diabetic male ApoE(-/-) mice. 
  • Gangliosides are essential endosomal receptors for quasi-enveloped and naked hepatitis A virus. 
  • Genetic networks of liver metabolism revealed by integration of metabolic and transcriptional profiling. 
  • Genome-wide mapping of DNase hypersensitive sites using massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS). 
  • Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease: A Case Study. 
  • Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)-1, but not GPAT4, incorporates newly synthesized fatty acids into triacylglycerol and diminishes fatty acid oxidation. 
  • Glycogen-targeting subunits and glucokinase differentially affect pathways of glycogen metabolism and their regulation in hepatocytes. 
  • Hedgehog regulates yes-associated protein 1 in regenerating mouse liver. 
  • Hedgehog signaling maintains resident hepatic progenitors throughout life. 
  • Hematopoietic stem cells convert into liver cells within days without fusion. 
  • Hematopoietic-specific Stat5-null mice display microcytic hypochromic anemia associated with reduced transferrin receptor gene expression. 
  • Hepatic FTO expression is increased in NASH and its silencing attenuates palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity. 
  • Hepatic HKDC1 Expression Contributes to Liver Metabolism. 
  • Hepatic Lipid Catabolism via PPARα-Lysosomal Crosstalk. 
  • Hepatic accumulation of Hedgehog-reactive progenitors increases with severity of fatty liver damage in mice. 
  • Hepatic angiomyolipoma and hepatic stellate cells share a similar gene expression profile. 
  • Hepatic expression of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase reverses muscle, liver and whole-animal insulin resistance. 
  • Hepatic insulin signaling is required for obesity-dependent expression of SREBP-1c mRNA but not for feeding-dependent expression. 
  • Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (GSDIa). 
  • Hepatic β-arrestin 2 is essential for maintaining euglycemia. 
  • Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Inhibited by a Noncanonical Antiviral Signaling Pathway Targeted by NS3-NS4A. 
  • Hepatitis-C-virus-induced microRNAs dampen interferon-mediated antiviral signaling. 
  • Hepatocyte Notch activation induces liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha mediates redox sensitivity of inducible nitric-oxide synthase gene transcription. 
  • Hepatocyte-specific IL11 cis-signaling drives lipotoxicity and underlies the transition from NAFLD to NASH. 
  • Hepatocyte-targeted HFE and TFR2 control hepcidin expression in mice. 
  • Hepatocytic expression of human sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide enables hepatitis B virus infection of macaques. 
  • Human FcRn expression and Type I Interferon signaling control Echovirus 11 pathogenesis in mice. 
  • Hypoxia Signaling Cascade for Erythropoietin Production in Hepatocytes. 
  • Identification of Proteins Bound to Dengue Viral RNA In Vivo Reveals New Host Proteins Important for Virus Replication. 
  • Immunohistochemical characterization of the hepatic progenitor cell compartment in medaka (Oryzias latipes) following hepatic injury. 
  • Improved liver lesion conspicuity by increasing the flip angle during hepatocyte phase MR imaging. 
  • In vitro investigation of the hepatobiliary disposition mechanisms of the antifungal agent micafungin in humans and rats. 
  • In vitro sensitivity testing of minimally passaged and uncultured gliomas with TRAIL and/or chemotherapy drugs. 
  • Increased hepatic fibrosis and JNK2-dependent liver injury in mice exhibiting hepatocyte-specific deletion of cFLIP. 
  • Increased production of sonic hedgehog by ballooned hepatocytes. 
  • Induction of an Inflammatory Response in Primary Hepatocyte Cultures from Mice. 
  • Induction of autophagy improves hepatic lipid metabolism in glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. 
  • Influence of HIV antiretrovirals on methadone N-demethylation and transport. 
  • Inhibiting Interleukin 11 Signaling Reduces Hepatocyte Death and Liver Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Steatosis in Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. 
  • Inhibiting triglyceride synthesis improves hepatic steatosis but exacerbates liver damage and fibrosis in obese mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Inhibiting xCT/SLC7A11 induces ferroptosis of myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cells but exacerbates chronic liver injury. 
  • Initial amplification of duck hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA after in vitro infection of embryonic duck hepatocytes is increased by cell cycle progression. 
  • Integrated Regulation of Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism by Adipose Triacylglycerol Lipase and FoxO Proteins. 
  • Interleukin-15 increases hepatic regenerative activity. 
  • Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Attenuates Alcohol-Induced Hepatosteatosis in Mice. 
  • Is There a Space-Based Technology Solution to Problems with Preclinical Drug Toxicity Testing? 
  • Kupffer cell-derived Fas ligand plays a role in liver injury and hepatocyte death. 
  • Lesion detection and assessment of extrahepatic findings in abdominal MRI using hepatocyte specific contrast agents--comparison of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA. 
  • Liver MRI in the hepatocyte phase with gadolinium-EOB-DTPA: does increasing the flip angle improve conspicuity and detection rate of hypointense lesions? 
  • Liver cell-derived microparticles activate hedgehog signaling and alter gene expression in hepatic endothelial cells. 
  • Liver injury-on-a-chip: microfluidic co-cultures with integrated biosensors for monitoring liver cell signaling during injury. 
  • Liver regeneration requires Yap1-TGFβ-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes. 
  • Liver transplantation for pediatric metabolic disease. 
  • Liver-specific loss of beta-catenin blocks glutamine synthesis pathway activity and cytochrome p450 expression in mice. 
  • Liver-specific loss of beta-catenin results in delayed hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy. 
  • Liver-specific loss of long chain acyl-CoA synthetase-1 decreases triacylglycerol synthesis and beta-oxidation and alters phospholipid fatty acid composition. 
  • Loss of ULK1 increases RPS6KB1-NCOR1 repression of NR1H/LXR-mediated Scd1 transcription and augments lipotoxicity in hepatic cells. 
  • Macroporous Dual-compartment Hydrogels for Minimally Invasive Transplantation of Primary Human Hepatocytes. 
  • Mathematical model insights into arsenic detoxification. 
  • Mechanism of autoinduction of methadone N-demethylation in human hepatocytes. 
  • Mechanism of efavirenz influence on methadone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. 
  • Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 
  • Mechanistic insights of rapid liver regeneration after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for stage hepatectomy. 
  • Metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by human hepatocytes in vitro. 
  • Metabolomic profiling reveals a role for caspase-2 in lipoapoptosis. 
  • Mitigation of autophagy ameliorates hepatocellular damage following ischemia-reperfusion injury in murine steatotic liver. 
  • Mito-tempo protects against acute liver injury but induces limited secondary apoptosis during the late phase of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. 
  • Mitochondrial biogenesis restores oxidative metabolism during Staphylococcus aureus sepsis. 
  • Mitochondrial protein adduct and superoxide generation are prerequisites for early activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase within the cytosol after an acetaminophen overdose in mice. 
  • Mitochondrial protein adducts formation and mitochondrial dysfunction during N-acetyl-m-aminophenol (AMAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in primary human hepatocytes. 
  • Multiple innate inflammatory responses induced after systemic adenovirus vector delivery depend on a functional complement system. 
  • Myofibroblastic cells function as progenitors to regenerate murine livers after partial hepatectomy. 
  • Nitric oxide and redox regulation in the liver: Part I. General considerations and redox biology in hepatitis. 
  • Nitric oxide and redox regulation in the liver: part II. Redox biology in pathologic hepatocytes and implications for intervention. 
  • Nitric oxide synthase-2 regulates mitochondrial Hsp60 chaperone function during bacterial peritonitis in mice. 
  • No detectable DNA excision repair in UV-exposed hepatocytes from two catfish species. 
  • Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis: role of repair in regulating the disease progression. 
  • Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. 
  • Norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y promote proliferation and collagen gene expression of hepatic myofibroblastic stellate cells. 
  • Oncogenic role of the frizzled-7/beta-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. 
  • Optimal timing and diagnostic adequacy of hepatocyte phase imaging with gadoxetate-enhanced liver MRI. 
  • Osteopontin is a proximal effector of leptin-mediated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fibrosis. 
  • Oval cells compensate for damage and replicative senescence of mature hepatocytes in mice with fatty liver disease. 
  • Over-expression of cyclin D1 regulates Cdk4 protein synthesis. 
  • Overexpression of rat long chain acyl-coa synthetase 1 alters fatty acid metabolism in rat primary hepatocytes. 
  • Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. 
  • Pathophysiological significance of c-jun N-terminal kinase in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. 
  • Peroxide-mediated chromatin remodelling of a nuclear factor kappa B site in the mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase promoter. 
  • Phenotypic characterization of transgenic Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) that express a red fluorescent protein in hepatocytes. 
  • Plasmodium PK9 Inhibitors Promote Growth of Liver-Stage Parasites. 
  • Plasmodium parasite exploits host aquaporin-3 during liver stage malaria infection. 
  • Prometheus revisited. 
  • Race and comorbid factors predict nonalcoholic fatty liver disease histopathology in severely obese patients. 
  • Rapid Disruption of Genes Specifically in Livers of Mice Using Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 Editing. 
  • Receptor-selective coactivators as tools to define the biology of specific receptor-coactivator pairs. 
  • Redefining IL11 as a regeneration-limiting hepatotoxin and therapeutic target in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. 
  • Redox-mediated upregulation of hepatocyte iNOS transcription requires coactivator PC4. 
  • Reduced lipoapoptosis, hedgehog pathway activation and fibrosis in caspase-2 deficient mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Regulation of intrahepatic biliary duct morphogenesis by Claudin 15-like b. 
  • Removal of acetaminophen protein adducts by autophagy protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. 
  • Resveratrol prevents protein nitration and release of endonucleases from mitochondria during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. 
  • Role for cytoplasmic nucleotide hydrolysis in hepatic function and protein synthesis. 
  • Role for hedgehog signaling in hepatic stellate cell activation and viability. 
  • Role of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in binding and entry of hepatitis C virus structural proteins in cultured human hepatocytes. 
  • SENP3-mediated host defense response contains HBV replication and restores protein synthesis. 
  • STAT-3 overexpression and p21 up-regulation accompany impaired regeneration of fatty livers. 
  • STAT3-mediated attenuation of CCl4-induced mouse liver fibrosis by the protein kinase inhibitor sorafenib. 
  • Serine/threonine phosphorylation regulates HNF-4alpha-dependent redox-mediated iNOS expression in hepatocytes. 
  • Short chain fatty acids induce UCP2-mediated autophagy in hepatic cells. 
  • Signals from dying hepatocytes trigger growth of liver progenitors. 
  • Similarities and differences in the pathogenesis of alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. 
  • Single-cell omics analysis reveals functional diversification of hepatocytes during liver regeneration. 
  • Somatic Liver Knockout (SLiK): A Quick and Efficient Way to Generate Liver-Specific Knockout Mice Using Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing. 
  • Sonic hedgehog is an autocrine viability factor for myofibroblastic hepatic stellate cells. 
  • Stage-specific and differential notch dependency at the alphabeta and gammadelta T lineage bifurcation. 
  • Studies on the preparation of chitosan microcarriers cross-linked by oxidized lactose and culture of primary hepatocytes. 
  • Sustained activation of Rac1 in hepatic stellate cells promotes liver injury and fibrosis in mice. 
  • Sympathetic nervous system inhibition increases hepatic progenitors and reduces liver injury. 
  • TRPV4 activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase resists nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by blocking CYP2E1-mediated redox toxicity. 
  • TWEAK/Fn14 signaling is required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. 
  • The Golgi Calcium ATPase Pump Plays an Essential Role in Adeno-associated Virus Trafficking and Transduction. 
  • The discovery of MK-0674, an orally bioavailable cathepsin K inhibitor. 
  • The diversity and plasticity of adult hepatic progenitor cells and their niche. 
  • The gap junction inhibitor 2-aminoethoxy-diphenyl-borate protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes and c-jun N-terminal kinase activation. 
  • The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Exendin 4 has a protective role in ischemic injury of lean and steatotic liver by inhibiting cell death and stimulating lipolysis. 
  • The iron exporter ferroportin/Slc40a1 is essential for iron homeostasis. 
  • The nuclear corepressor, NCoR, regulates thyroid hormone action in vivo. 
  • The role of Smad3 in mediating mouse hepatic stellate cell activation. 
  • The role of death effector domain-containing proteins in acute oxidative cell injury in hepatocytes. 
  • The role of hepatocyte hemojuvelin in the regulation of bone morphogenic protein-6 and hepcidin expression in vivo. 
  • The subcellular localization of syntaxin 17 varies among different cell types and is altered in some malignant cells. 
  • Thyroid hormone stimulates hepatic lipid catabolism via activation of autophagy. 
  • Tight junction proteins claudin-1 and occludin control hepatitis C virus entry and are downregulated during infection to prevent superinfection. 
  • Treatment response in the PIVENS trial is associated with decreased Hedgehog pathway activity. 
  • Type 2 Diabetes Variants Disrupt Function of SLC16A11 through Two Distinct Mechanisms. 
  • Underlying potential: cellular and molecular determinants of adult liver repair. 
  • Use of bulleyaconitine A as an adjuvant for prolonged cutaneous analgesia in the rat. 
  • Viral factors induce Hedgehog pathway activation in humans with viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 
  • [Localization of matrix-associated elements in the 5'-region of the rat estrogen sulfotransferase gene]. 
  • c-FLIP maintains tissue homeostasis by preventing apoptosis and programmed necrosis. 
  • p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase plays a stimulatory role in hepatic gluconeogenesis. 
  • β-Adrenergic agonist and antagonist regulation of autophagy in HepG2 cells, primary mouse hepatocytes, and mouse liver. 
• 

  Keywords of People

  • Buckley, Anne Frances, Assistant Professor of Pathology, Pathology
  • Ciofani, Maria, Associate Professor of Immunology, Immunology
  • Hirschey, Matthew, Associate Professor of Medicine, Pharmacology & Cancer Biology