Laser Therapy

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  Subject Areas on Research

  • A Fluorescence-Guided Laser Ablation System for Removal of Residual Cancer in a Mouse Model of Soft Tissue Sarcoma. 
  • A clinicopathologic study of dye laser photocoagulation on primate retina. 
  • A comparative study of retinal effects from continuous wave and femtosecond mode-locked lasers. 
  • A comparison of mechanical and laser transmyocardial revascularization for induction of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in chronically ischemic myocardium. 
  • A comparison of neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet and diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and cyclocryotherapy. 
  • A medical-toxicological view of tattooing. 
  • A model for thermal ablation of biological tissue using laser radiation. 
  • A new and improved vitreoretinal erbium:YAG laser scalpel: long-term morphologic characteristics of retinal-choroidal injury. 
  • A photopolymerized sealant for corneal lacerations. 
  • A prospective assessment of quality of life after endoscopic intubation and laser therapy for malignant dysphagia. 
  • A prospective comparison of laser therapy and intubation in endoscopic palliation for malignant dysphagia. 
  • A refractive and histopathologic study of excimer laser keratectomy in primates. 
  • Ab interno sclerostomy with a high-powered argon endolaser. 
  • Ab interno sclerostomy with a high-powered argon endolaser. Clinicopathologic correlation. 
  • Advantage of the Mark-III FEL for biophysical research and biomedical applications. 
  • Age as an independent risk factor for severity of experimental choroidal neovascularization. 
  • Alterations of aqueous humour outflow following argon laser trabeculoplasty in monkeys. 
  • Alternative methods for management of prostatic outflow obstruction. 
  • Ameroid constrictor versus hydraulic occluder: creation of hibernating myocardium. 
  • Angle-closure glaucoma in Asians: comparison of biometric and anterior segment parameters between Japanese and Chinese subjects. 
  • Antibody-conjugated gold-gold sulfide nanoparticles as multifunctional agents for imaging and therapy of breast cancer. 
  • Apraclonidine 0.5% versus 1% for controlling intraocular pressure elevation after argon laser trabeculoplasty. 
  • Argon laser iridoplasty in the treatment of plateau-like iris configuration as result of numerous ciliary body cysts. 
  • Argon laser treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. 
  • Argon laser with and without anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for extrafoveal polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. 
  • Argon vs diode laser trabeculoplasty. 
  • Association of k-ras, b-raf, and p53 status with the treatment effect of bevacizumab. 
  • Atypical Presentation of Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma in Maroteaux-Lamy Mucopolysaccharidosis with Patent Prophylactic Laser Peripheral Iridotomy: A Case Report. 
  • Automating neurosurgical tumor resection surgery: Volumetric laser ablation of cadaveric porcine brain with integrated surface mapping. 
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia. New concepts in the 1990s. 
  • Bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Biconcave contact lens for examination and laser treatment of the fundus in normal and gas-filled phakic eyes. 
  • Brain ablation in the rat cerebral cortex using a tunable-free electron laser. 
  • CO2 Laser Lash Tilt Technique for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Lash Ptosis and Augmentation of Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty Results. 
  • Cerebral embolization during transmyocardial laser revascularization. 
  • Characterization of novel microsphere chain fiber optic tips for potential use in ophthalmic laser surgery. 
  • Choroidal (subretinal) neovascularization secondary to choroidal nevus and successful treatment with argon laser photocoagulation. Case reports and review of literature. 
  • Chronic Inflammation After YAG Capsulotomy. 
  • Chronic venous leg ulcer treatment: future research needs. 
  • Combination therapy for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion. 
  • Combined TMR and mitral valve replacement via left thoracotomy. 
  • Combined antegrade and retrograde endoscopic approach for the management of urinary diversion-associated pathology. 
  • Comparative study of the efficacy of argon laser trabeculoplasty for exfoliation and primary open-angle glaucoma. 
  • Comparing the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty with topical medication as initial treatment (the Glaucoma Initial Treatment Study): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. 
  • Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography With Fundus Photographs, Fluorescein Angiography, and Histopathologic Analysis in Assessing Coats Disease. 
  • Comparison of morphologic features of clear corneal incisions created with a femtosecond laser or a keratome. 
  • Comparison of the ultrasonic scalpel to CO2 laser and electrosurgery in terms of tissue injury and adhesion formation in a rabbit model. 
  • Complete reversal of ischemic wall motion abnormalities by combined use of gene therapy with transmyocardial laser revascularization. 
  • Complications using intense ultrasound therapy to treat deep dermal facial skin and subcutaneous tissues. 
  • Contact focusing multimodal microprobes for ultraprecise laser tissue surgery. 
  • Contact lens filter for macular photocoagulation with monochromatic green argon laser. 
  • Contact transscleral continuous wave neodymium:YAG laser cyclophotocoagulation. 
  • Corneal trauma following keratoplasty. 
  • Cost of selective laser trabeculoplasty vs topical medications for glaucoma. 
  • Cost-comparison of two trabecular micro-bypass stents versus selective laser trabeculoplasty or medications only for intraocular pressure control for patients with open-angle glaucoma. 
  • Current and Emerging Surgical Therapies for Severe Pediatric Epilepsies. 
  • Current techniques to treat pathologic perforator veins. 
  • Customizing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in a patient with a traumatic corneal scar and cataract. 
  • Cutaneous lupus erythematosus of the eyelid as a mimic of squamous epithelial malignancies: a clinicopathologic study of 9 cases. 
  • Cyberknife targeting the pterygopalatine ganglion for the treatment of chronic cluster headaches. 
  • Defeating Cancers' Adaptive Defensive Strategies Using Thermal Therapies: Examining Cancer's Therapeutic Resistance, Ablative, and Computational Modeling Strategies as a means for Improving Therapeutic Outcome. 
  • Delayed response to argon laser trabeculoplasty in monkeys. Morphological and morphometric analysis. 
  • Detachable microsphere scalpel tips for potential use in ophthalmic surgery with the erbium:YAG laser. 
  • Diagnosis, incidence, and clinical significance of early postoperative ischemia after transmyocardial laser revascularization. 
  • Direct and indirect laser photocoagulation of central serous choroidopathy. 
  • Disposable devices for RIRS: where do we stand in 2013? What do we need in the future? 
  • Drug-induced transient myopia and angle-closure glaucoma associated with supraciliary choroidal effusion. 
  • Dye-laser treatment of children with port-wine stains. 
  • Early postoperative changes in regional systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after transmyocardial laser revascularization: a comparison of holmium:YAG and CO2 lasers. 
  • Effect of U74006F (Tirilazad Mesylate) in rabbit eyes after argon laser trabeculoplasty. 
  • Effects of 308 nanometer excimer laser energy on 316 L stainless-steel stents: implications for laser atherectomy of in-stent restenosis. 
  • Endophthalmitis following Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. 
  • Endoscopic Laser Management of a Leiomyoma of the Left Main Stem Bronchus. 
  • Endoscopic laser lithotripsy of large bile duct stones. 
  • Endoscopic management of urologic disease with the holmium laser. 
  • Endovascular treatment of varicose veins. 
  • Endovenous laser ablation: strategies for treating multilevel disease. 
  • Evaluation of choroidal neovascular membranes by Octopus perimetry. 
  • Evolving revascularization approaches for myocardial ischemia. 
  • Expanding the gestational age limits for laser treatment for twin-twin transfusion. 
  • Expanding the role of endovenous laser therapy: results in large diameter saphenous, small saphenous, and anterior accessory veins. 
  • Expectancy Reduces Symptoms but not Functional Impairment Following Exercise-induced Musculoskeletal Injury. 
  • Experimental Evidence Behind Clinical Trial Outcomes in Retinopathy of Prematurity. 
  • Experimental ab interno sclerotomies using a pulsed-dye laser. 
  • Experimental and clinical use of the YAG laser in the management of pulmonary neoplasms. 
  • Eyelid healing after carbon dioxide laser skin resurfacing: histological analysis. 
  • Factors that influence perforator vein closure rates using radiofrequency ablation, laser ablation, or foam sclerotherapy. 
  • Feasibility of laser trabeculoplasty in angle closure glaucoma: a review of favourable histopathological findings in narrow angles. 
  • Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in a subluxated traumatic cataract. 
  • Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in pre-existing posterior capsule rupture following closed globe injury. 
  • Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery--current status and future directions. 
  • Fenofibrate and diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Focal Laser Ablation of Prostate Cancer: Phase I Clinical Trial. 
  • Focal laser ablation as clinical treatment of prostate cancer: report from a Delphi consensus project. 
  • Focal therapy for prostate cancer. 
  • Focal therapy of prostate cancer: evidence-based analysis for modern selection criteria. 
  • Follow-up of argon laser trabeculoplasty: is a day-one postoperative IOP check necessary? 
  • From controlled trials to clinical practice: monitoring transmyocardial revascularization use and outcomes. 
  • From controlled trials to clinical practice: monitoring transmyocardial revascularization use and outcomes. 
  • Fundus photographic, fluorescein angiographic, and indocyanine green angiographic signs in successful laser chorioretinal venous anastomosis for central retinal vein occlusion. 
  • Future applications of lasers in surgery and medicine: a review. 
  • Gastroenterology. Lasers come of age. 
  • Glaucoma filtration surgery in nonhuman primates using taxol and etoposide in polyanhydride carriers. 
  • Gold nanoshell-localized photothermal ablation of prostate tumors in a clinical pilot device study. 
  • Hepatic Resection or Ablation for Isolated Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis: A Case-control Study With Comparison to Medically Treated Patients. 
  • High failure rate associated with 180 degrees selective laser trabeculoplasty. 
  • High-speed optical coherence tomography of laser iridotomy. 
  • Histologic evaluation of laser lipolysis comparing continuous wave vs pulsed lasers in an in vivo pig model. 
  • Holmium laser for stone management. 
  • Holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser endoureterotomy for the treatment of transplant kidney ureteral strictures. 
  • Image of the month. 
  • Impact of holmium laser settings and fiber diameter on stone fragmentation and endoscope deflection. 
  • Impact of the Learning Curve on Intraoperative Surgical Time in Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery. 
  • Improved perfusion and contractile reserve after transmyocardial laser revascularization in a model of hibernating myocardium. 
  • Improvement in inducible ischemia during dobutamine stress echocardiography after transmyocardial laser revascularization in patients with refractory angina pectoris. 
  • In-vivo response to free electron laser incision of the rabbit cornea. 
  • Incomplete capsulotomy using femtosecond laser with a pupil expansion device. 
  • Incomplete femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy and lens fragmentation due to emulsified silicone oil in the anterior chamber. 
  • Increased retinal oxygen supply following pan-retinal photocoagulation and vitrectomy and lensectomy. 
  • Induced corneal vascularization remission with argon laser therapy. 
  • Induction of angiogenesis after TMR: a comparison of holmium: YAG, CO2, and excimer lasers. 
  • Infrared laser diode irradiation has no behavioral or biochemical effect on pain in the sciatic nerve ligation-induced mononeuropathy in rat. 
  • Initial studies of holmium:YAG laser creation of spinal defects in fetal rabbits: model for urologic effects of myelomeningocele. 
  • Intermediate-term clinical outcome following transmyocardial laser revascularization in patients with refractory angina pectoris. 
  • Internal sclerostomy with a mechanical trephine versus the neodymium:YAG laser in dogs. 
  • Internal trans-pars plana filtering procedure in humans. 
  • Intestinal crypts recover rapidly from focal damage with coordinated motion of stem cells that is impaired by aging. 
  • Intraocular cyclophotocoagulation. Histopathologic evaluation in primates. 
  • Intraoperative ECoG During MRI-Guided Laser-Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Intractable Epilepsy. 
  • Intraoperative modifications required during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery for lamellar cataracts. 
  • Intraoperative reverse pupillary block during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in a patient with phacomorphic angle closure. 
  • Intraoperative techniques to prevent air leaks. 
  • Intraoperative vertical gas breakthrough during clear corneal incision creation with the femtosecond cataract laser. 
  • Laser Light Therapy in Inflammatory, Musculoskeletal, and Autoimmune Disease. 
  • Laser Therapy for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause. 
  • Laser ablative therapy of sessile hypothalamic hamartomas in children using interventional MRI: report of 5 cases. 
  • Laser arytenoidectomy in children with bilateral vocal fold immobility. 
  • Laser capture microdissection in 2-D co-culture models as a tool to study tumor-stroma interactions. 
  • Laser chorioretinal venous anastomosis for nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion. 
  • Laser lead extraction in congenital heart disease: a case-controlled study. 
  • Laser lipolysis used to treat localized adiposis: a preliminary report on experience with Asian patients. 
  • Laser medicine. 
  • Laser suture lysis after mitomycin C trabeculectomy. 
  • Laser therapy for diseases of the eye. 
  • Laser trabeculoplasty: how little is enough? 
  • Laser treatment in patients with bilateral large drusen: the complications of age-related macular degeneration prevention trial. 
  • Laser treatment of large cavernous hemangiomas of the penis. 
  • Lasers in the office. 
  • Late growth of infantile hemangiomas in children >3 years of age: A retrospective study. 
  • Let's Get to the Point: Comparing Insertion Characteristics and Scope Damage of Flat-Tip and Ball-Tip Holmium Laser Fibers. 
  • Lichen sclerosus: review of the literature and current recommendations for management. 
  • Lymphatic angiogenesis induced by transmyocardial laser revascularization. 
  • MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy in an infant with tuberous sclerosis: technical case report. 
  • Management of Menopausal Symptoms for Women Who Are at High Risk of Thrombosis. 
  • Management of benign and malignant lesions of the trachea and bronchi with the neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. 
  • Management of glaucoma in pregnancy and lactation. 
  • Management of uterine leiomyomata: what do we really know? 
  • Mechanisms of action and efficacy of argon laser trabeculoplasty and selective laser trabeculoplasty. 
  • Mechanisms of healing in the injured lung treated with the Nd-YAG laser. 
  • Meta-analysis of survival and relief of angina pectoris after transmyocardial revascularization. 
  • Minimally Invasive Fetal Surgery. 
  • Minimally invasive operation for breast cancer. 
  • Minimally invasive treatment of urinary tract calculi in children. 
  • Mitomycin C-augumented trabeculectomy with postoperative wound modulation in pediatric glaucoma. 
  • Multi-institutional assessment of ureteroscopic laser papillotomy for chronic flank pain associated with papillary calcifications. 
  • Near infrared laser-tissue welding using nanoshells as an exogenous absorber. 
  • Need for Evidence and Consensus on Laser Treatment for Management of Select Primary Penile Tumors. 
  • Neodymium-YAG laser therapy to the anterior hyaloid in aphakic malignant (ciliovitreal block) glaucoma. 
  • Neodymium: YAG laser trabeculopuncture in open-angle glaucoma. 
  • Neodymium:YAG laser iridotomy as a possible contribution to lens dislocation. 
  • Neodymium:YAG laser trabeculopuncture in juvenile open-angle glaucoma. 
  • Neovascularization after transmyocardial laser revascularization in a model of chronic ischemia. 
  • New and Established Technology in Focal Ablation of the Prostate: A Systematic Review. 
  • Non-invasive laser microsurgery selectively damages populations of labeled mouse neurons: dependence on incident laser dose and absorption. 
  • One-month histologic response of transmyocardial laser channels with molecular intervention. 
  • Optimal laser power to rupture Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein in the pig. 
  • Options in the management of varicose veins, 2008. 
  • Osteonecrosis of the knee after laser or radiofrequency-assisted arthroscopy: treatment with minimally invasive knee arthroplasty. 
  • Oxygenation and vasodilatation in relation to diabetic and other proliferative retinopathies. 
  • Panretinal photocoagulation and retinal oxygenation in normal and diabetic cats. 
  • Panretinal photocoagulation and retinal oxygenation. 
  • Patterns of Clinical Use of Stereotactic Laser Ablation: Analysis of a Multicenter Prospective Registry. 
  • Pediatric surgical pearls: minimizing complications. 
  • Percutaneous transluminal myocardial revascularization with a holmium laser system: procedural results and early clinical outcome. 
  • Perioperative morbidity and mortality after transmyocardial laser revascularization: incidence and risk factors for adverse events. 
  • Phenotypic heterogeneity in families with age-related macular degeneration. 
  • Photoablation of ocular melanoma with a high-powered argon endolaser. 
  • Photodisruption of dense preretinal hemorrhage with Nd:YAG in a child with Terson's syndrome. 
  • Plaque modification with tetracycline: enhanced tissue ablation with the excimer laser. 
  • Plasmonic gold nanostar-mediated photothermal immunotherapy for brain tumor ablation and immunologic memory. 
  • Potential pitfalls from variable optical coherence tomograph displays in managing diabetic macular edema. 
  • Prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in treated cytomegalovirus retinitis. 
  • Prognostic significance of surgical margins after transoral laser microsurgery for early-stage glottic squamous cell carcinoma. 
  • Prognostic significance of vascular dilation and tortuosity insufficient for plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity. 
  • Progression of myopia and high myopia in the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity study: findings at 4 to 6 years of age. 
  • Pseudophakic malignant glaucoma--is it really pseudo-malignant? 
  • Q-switched neodymium-YAG laser trabeculopuncture in monkeys. 
  • Regional cardiac sympathetic innervation early and late after transmyocardial laser revascularization. 
  • Rejuvenation of the Upper Face and Periocular Region: Combining Neuromodulator, Facial Filler, Laser, Light, and Energy-Based Therapies for Optimal Results. 
  • Removal of a UroLume prostatic stent using the holmium laser. 
  • Renal surgery in the new millennium. 
  • Resident-performed Ex-PRESS shunt implantation versus trabeculectomy. 
  • Results of a survey on current surgical smoke control practices. 
  • Retinal oxygenation and laser treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy. 
  • Risk factors for delayed hematuria following photoselective vaporization of the prostate. 
  • Role of immersion refractometry for investigating laser-induced effects in cells. 
  • Routine placement of ureteral stents is unnecessary after ureteroscopy for urinary calculi. 
  • Safety and efficacy of combining microfocused ultrasound with fractional CO2 laser resurfacing for lifting and tightening the face and neck. 
  • Scheimpflug imaging in late Capsular Bag Distention syndrome after phacoemulsification. 
  • Short-term effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty in monkeys. 
  • Staged laser interstitial thermal therapy and topectomy for complete obliteration of complex focal cortical dysplasias. 
  • Stepped-dose protocol of cidofovir therapy in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children. 
  • Stromal duplication of the iris. 
  • Subsequent Receipt of Interventions for Glaucoma Among a Nationwide Sample of Patients Who Underwent Laser Peripheral Iridotomy. 
  • Successful management of lower-pole moiety ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a partially duplicated collecting system using minimally invasive retrograde endoscopic techniques. 
  • Surveillance after prostate focal therapy. 
  • Sustained angina relief 5 years after transmyocardial laser revascularization with a CO(2) laser. 
  • Telescopic laryngeal and pharyngeal surgery. 
  • The Early Treatment for Retinopathy Of Prematurity Study: structural findings at age 2 years. 
  • The Lancer Ethnicity Scale. 
  • The current status of laser usage in ophthalmology. 
  • The importance of fluorescein angiography in planning laser treatment of diabetic macular edema. 
  • The more things change, the more they stay the same. 
  • The rationale of photocoagulation therapy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a review and a model. 
  • The role of focal therapy in the management of localised prostate cancer: a systematic review. 
  • The role of lasers in the management of carcinoma of the lung and the esophagus. 
  • The use of electrocautery as the primary ablation modality for malignant and benign airway obstruction. 
  • Three rear ends on the beach. Debating the ethics of medical advertising. 
  • Time parameters for glaucoma procedures. 
  • Tissue ablation by a free-electron laser tuned to the amide II band. 
  • Topical indomethacin therapy before argon laser trabeculoplasty. 
  • Transconjunctival sinusotomy using the 193-nm excimer laser. 
  • Transmyocardial laser revascularization for inoperable coronary artery disease. 
  • Transmyocardial laser revascularization in the patient with unmanageable unstable angina. 
  • Transmyocardial laser revascularization limits in vivo adenoviral-mediated gene transfer in porcine myocardium. 
  • Transmyocardial laser revascularization: an anesthetic perspective. 
  • Transmyocardial laser revascularization: experimental and clinical results. 
  • Transoral robotic surgery using a carbon dioxide flexible laser for tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. 
  • Treatment of glaucoma. 
  • Treatment of lymphangioma circumscriptum with tunable dye laser. 
  • Treatment of pediatric urethral stricture disease with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. 
  • Treatment of primary varicose veins has changed with the introduction of new techniques. 
  • Ultrafast mid-IR laser scalpel: protein signals of the fundamental limits to minimally invasive surgery. 
  • Unfolding the mystery of olfactory receptor gene expression. 
  • Upfront Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Stereotactic Laser-Ablation in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Multicenter Review of Survival Outcomes Compared to a Matched Cohort of Biopsy-Only Patients. 
  • Ureteroscopic management of lower-pole renal calculi: technique of calculus displacement. 
  • Urodynamic predictors of outcomes with photoselective laser vaporization prostatectomy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and preoperative retention. 
  • Usage and cost of laser trabeculoplasty in the United States. 
  • Use of ureteroscopy and holmium:YAG laser in patients with bleeding diatheses. 
  • Utilization of multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice and focal therapy: report from a Delphi consensus project. 
  • Vascular applications of laser. 
  • Vitreous Hemorrhage complicating laser-induced chorioretinal anastomosis for central retinal vein occlusion. 
  • Voice-related quality of life in T1 glottic cancer: irradiation versus endoscopic excision. 
  • Wavelength dependence of pulsed laser ablation of calcified tissue. 
  • Wet versus dry enamel ablation by Er:YAG laser. 
  • p53 Immunostaining guided laser capture microdissection (p53-LCM) defines the presence of p53 gene mutations in focal regions of primary prostate cancer positive for p53 protein. 
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  Keywords of People

  • Bellet, Jane Sanders, Professor of Dermatology, Dermatology
  • Charles, Hal Cecil, Associate Professor of Radiology, Radiology
  • Cohen, Seth Morris, Associate Professor of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences
  • Fekrat, Sharon, Professor of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery
  • Jowell, Paul Simon, Professor of Medicine, Medicine, Gastroenterology
  • Lee, Walter T, Associate Professor of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Radiation Oncology
  • Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology, Vitreoretinal Diseases & Surgery
  • Preminger, Glenn Michael, James F. Glenn, M.D. Distinguished Professor of Urology, Surgery
  • Stinnett, Sandra Sue, Associate Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
  • Swaminathan, Madhav, Professor of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Cardiothoracic
  • Toth, Cynthia Ann, Joseph A.C. Wadsworth Distinguished Professor of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering
  • Zhong, Pei, Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science