Willie John Padilla | Scholars@Duke

Willie John Padilla
Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Current Research Interests

Theoretical and experimental investigation of electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces, and their application to imaging and sensing at microwave, terahertz, and infrared frequencies

Current Appointments & Affiliations

Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2015

Contact Information

90291, 130 Hudson Hall, Durham, NC 27708
willie.padilla@duke.edu
Padilla Lab Website

Background
Education, Training, & Certifications
- Ph.D., University of California - San Diego 2004
Previous Appointments & Affiliations
- Director of the Duke Engineering Research Institute, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University 2014 - 2015
- Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2014 - 2015
- Adjunct Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering 2014
Recognition
In the News
- NOV 19, 2019
  
  Global List of Highly Cited Puts Duke in Top Ten
- SEP 25, 2019 Pratt School of Engineering
  
  Machine Learning Finds New Metamaterial Designs for Energy Harvesting
- MAY 1, 2018 Pratt School of Engineering
  
  Dielectric Metamaterial is Dynamically Tuned by Light
- JAN 27, 2017 Pratt School of Engineering
  
  Absorbing Electromagnetic Energy While Avoiding the Heat
- AUG 12, 2014
  
  Willie Padilla: Exploring Technology’s “Terahertz Gap”
Awards & Honors
- Fellow. Optical Society of America. 2013
- Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists and Engineers. President of the United States of America. 2009
Expertise
Subject Headings
- Imaging
- Metamaterials
Global Scholarship
- Research
  - North Carolina (State or Province)
Research
Selected Grants
- Miniaturized Microwave Absolute Calibration (MiniMAC) for Sounders and Imagers on SmallSat and CubeSat Platforms awarded by Colorado State University 2021 - 2024
- Metamaterials as a platform for the development of novel materials for energy applications awarded by Department of Energy 2015 - 2024
- Diffuse Screens for Dynamic Infrared Scene Projection Systems awarded by Srico, Inc. 2021 - 2023
- Ultra-High Density Resilient Photonic Integrated Circuits awarded by Srico, Inc. 2023
- Mapping Strain in Composite Materials using Terahertz Metamaterials awarded by Srico, Inc. 2022 - 2023
- W-band RF Instrumentation awarded by Srico, Inc. 2021 - 2023
- Millimeter Wave Imaging with Metamaterials awarded by Srico, Inc. 2022
- Ultra-Compact Resilient Photonic Integrated Circuits awarded by Srico, Inc. 2021
- Narrowband Perfect Absorber for Infrared Sensing awarded by Srico, Inc. 2018 - 2020
- All-Dielectric Coherent Absorbers for detection of millimeter wave field strength awarded by Srico, Inc. 2019
- Multidimensional imaging techniques using Metasurface modulators awarded by National Science Foundation 2016 - 2019
- Multifunctional 3D MetaMaterial Design with Machine Learning (Jon Suen - Fellow) awarded by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education 2018 - 2019
- Infrared Imaging for Improved Metamaterial Characterization awarded by Office of Naval Research 2016 - 2017
- Exploration of Metameterials for THz Detection and Imaging, Spatial Light Modulation, and Compressive Sensing awarded by Office of Naval Research 2015 - 2017
- Terahertz Compressive Imaging with Tunable Metamaterial Absorbers awarded by National Science Foundation 2015 - 2016
- Hyperspectral Sparse Array Digital Imaging awarded by SKINfrared LLC 2015 - 2016
- Black Meta-Infrared Detectors Using Type II Superlattices awarded by University of New Mexico 2015
- Inegrated W-band Compressive Sensing Imager Using Dynamically Tunable Surfaces awarded by SensorMetrix 2014 - 2015
Publications & Artistic Works
Selected Publications
- Academic Articles
  - Leitenstorfer, A., A. S. Moskalenko, T. Kampfrath, J. Kono, E. Castro-Camus, K. Peng, N. Qureshi, et al. “The 2023 terahertz science and technology roadmap.” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56, no. 22 (June 1, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acbe4c.
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  - Huang, L., L. Xu, D. A. Powell, W. J. Padilla, and A. E. Miroshnichenko. “Resonant leaky modes in all-dielectric metasystems: Fundamentals and applications.” Physics Reports 1008 (April 5, 2023): 1–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2023.01.001.
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  - Deng, Y., S. Ren, J. Malof, and W. J. Padilla. “Deep inverse photonic design: A tutorial.” Photonics and Nanostructures Fundamentals and Applications 52 (December 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2022.101070.
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  - Staude, I., H. Chen, A. Miroshnichenko, J. Takahara, and W. J. Padilla. “Metasurfaces for photonic devices.” Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 19 (November 21, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0131810.
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  - Fan, K., R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Active and tunable nanophotonic metamaterials.” Nanophotonics 11, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 3769–3803. https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0188.
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  - Fan, K., V. Stenger, and W. J. Padilla. “Pyroelectric metamaterial millimeter-wave detector.” Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 2 (July 11, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0094201.
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  - Khatib, O., S. Ren, J. Malof, and W. J. Padilla. “Learning the Physics of All-Dielectric Metamaterials with Deep Lorentz Neural Networks.” Advanced Optical Materials 10, no. 13 (July 1, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202200097.
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  - Ren, Simiao, Ashwin Mahendra, Omar Khatib, Yang Deng, Willie J. Padilla, and Jordan M. Malof. “Inverse deep learning methods and benchmarks for artificial electromagnetic material design.” Nanoscale 14, no. 10 (March 2022): 3958–69. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1nr08346e.
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  - Padilla, W. J., and R. D. Averitt. “Imaging with metamaterials.” Nature Reviews Physics 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-021-00394-3.
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  - Yang, J. Q., Y. C. Xu, K. Fan, J. Wu, C. Zhang, D. C. Zhan, B. B. Jin, and W. J. Padilla. “Normalizing Flows for Efficient Inverse Design of Thermophotovoltaic Emitters.” Acs Photonics, January 1, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01803.
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  - Khatib, O., T. Tyler, W. J. Padilla, N. M. Jokerst, and H. O. Everitt. “Mapping active strain using terahertz metamaterial laminates.” Apl Photonics 6, no. 11 (November 1, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0069723.
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  - Khatib, O., S. Ren, J. Malof, and W. J. Padilla. “Deep Learning the Electromagnetic Properties of Metamaterials—A Comprehensive Review.” Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 31 (August 1, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202101748.
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  - Fang, Haoming, Wanrong Xie, Xiuqiang Li, Kebin Fan, Yi-Ting Lai, Bowen Sun, Shulin Bai, Willie J. Padilla, and Po-Chun Hsu. “A Triple-Mode Midinfrared Modulator for Radiative Heat Management of Objects with Various Emissivity.” Nano Letters 21, no. 9 (May 2021): 4106–14. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01147.
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  - Fan, Kebin, Ilya V. Shadrivov, Andrey E. Miroshnichenko, and Willie J. Padilla. “Infrared all-dielectric Kerker metasurfaces.” Optics Express 29, no. 7 (March 2021): 10518–26. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.421187.
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  - Deng, Yang, Simiao Ren, Kebin Fan, Jordan M. Malof, and Willie J. Padilla. “Neural-adjoint method for the inverse design of all-dielectric metasurfaces.” Optics Express 29, no. 5 (March 2021): 7526–34. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.419138.
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  - Fan, K., J. Koulakis, K. Holczer, S. Putterman, and W. J. Padilla. “Correction to: Ultrathin Metasurface Wavelength-Selective Mirror for Millimeter/TerahertzWave Fabry-Perot Cavities (Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, (2020), 41, 4, (365-374), 10.1007/s10762-019-00657-2).” Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 41, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-020-00682-6.
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  - Fan, K., J. Koulakis, K. Holczer, S. Putterman, and W. J. Padilla. “Ultrathin Metasurface Wavelength-Selective Mirror for Millimeter/Terahertz Wave Fabry-Perot Cavities.” Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 41, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 365–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-019-00657-2.
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  - Wu, J., Z. Shen, S. Ge, B. Chen, T. Wang, C. Zhang, W. Hu, et al. “Liquid crystal programmable metasurface for terahertz beam steering.” Applied Physics Letters 116, no. 13 (March 30, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5144858.
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  - Cardin, Andrew E., Sinhara R. Silva, Shai R. Vardeny, Willie J. Padilla, Avadh Saxena, Antoinette J. Taylor, Wilton J. M. Kort-Kamp, Hou-Tong Chen, Diego A. R. Dalvit, and Abul K. Azad. “Surface-wave-assisted nonreciprocity in spatio-temporally modulated metasurfaces.” Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (March 2020): 1469. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15273-1.
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  - Nadell, Christian C., Bohao Huang, Jordan M. Malof, and Willie J. Padilla. “Deep learning for accelerated all-dielectric metasurface design.” Optics Express 27, no. 20 (September 2019): 27523–35. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.027523.
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  - Kelley, K. P., E. L. Runnerstrom, E. Sachet, C. T. Shelton, E. D. Grimley, A. Klump, J. M. Lebeau, et al. “Multiple Epsilon-Near-Zero Resonances in Multilayered Cadmium Oxide: Designing Metamaterial-Like Optical Properties in Monolithic Materials.” Acs Photonics 6, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 1139–45. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00367.
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  - Everitt, H. O., T. Tyler, B. D. Caraway, C. M. Bingham, A. Llopis, M. S. Heimbeck, W. J. Padilla, D. R. Smith, and N. M. Jokerst. “Strain Sensing with Metamaterial Composites.” Advanced Optical Materials 7, no. 9 (May 3, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801397.
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  - Suen, J. Y., K. Fan, and W. J. Padilla. “A Zero-Rank, Maximum Nullity Perfect Electromagnetic Wave Absorber.” Advanced Optical Materials 7, no. 8 (April 18, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801632.
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  - Fan, K., I. V. Shadrivov, and W. J. Padilla. “Dynamic bound states in the continuum.” Optica 6, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 169–73. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.000169.
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  - Cardin, Andrew, Kebin Fan, and Willie Padilla. “Role of loss in all-dielectric metasurfaces.” Optics Express 26, no. 13 (June 2018): 17669–79. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.017669.
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  - Atakaramians, S., M. Johnston, W. Padilla, and R. Mendis. “Preface to Special Topic: Frontiers on THz photonic devices.” Apl Photonics 3, no. 5 (May 1, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039879.
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  - Fan, Kebin, Jingdi Zhang, Xinyu Liu, Gu-Feng Zhang, Richard D. Averitt, and Willie J. Padilla. “Phototunable Dielectric Huygens' Metasurfaces.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 30, no. 22 (May 2018): e1800278. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201800278.
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  - Nadell, Christian, Kebin Fan, and Willie Padilla. “Resonance-domain diffractive lens for the terahertz region.” Optics Letters 43, no. 10 (May 2018): 2384–87. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.002384.
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  - Fan, Kebin, Jonathan Y. Suen, and Willie J. Padilla. “Graphene metamaterial spatial light modulator for infrared single pixel imaging.” Optics Express 25, no. 21 (October 2017): 25318–25. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.025318.
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  - Ming, Xianshun, Xinyu Liu, Liqun Sun, and Willie J. Padilla. “Degenerate critical coupling in all-dielectric metasurface absorbers.” Optics Express 25, no. 20 (October 2017): 24658–69. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.024658.
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  - Nadell, Christian C., Kebin Fan, Jonathan Y. Suen, and Willie J. Padilla. “Multiplexed coded time domain sampling with metamaterials.” Optics Express 25, no. 21 (October 2017): 25797–808. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.025797.
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  - Montoya, John A., Zhao-Bing Tian, Sanjay Krishna, and Willie J. Padilla. “Ultra-thin infrared metamaterial detector for multicolor imaging applications.” Optics Express 25, no. 19 (September 2017): 23343–55. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.023343.
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  - Padilla, W. J., and R. D. Averitt. “Properties of dynamical electromagnetic metamaterials.” Journal of Optics (United Kingdom) 19, no. 8 (August 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aa728d.
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  - Cole, M. A., W. C. Chen, M. Liu, S. S. Kruk, W. J. Padilla, I. V. Shadrivov, and D. A. Powell. “Strong Broadband Terahertz Optical Activity through Control of the Blaschke Phase with Chiral Metasurfaces.” Physical Review Applied 8, no. 1 (July 21, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.8.014019.
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  - Fan, K., J. Y. Suen, X. Liu, and W. J. Padilla. “All-dielectric metasurface absorbers for uncooled terahertz imaging.” Optica 4, no. 6 (June 20, 2017): 601–4. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.4.000601.
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  - Liu, X., and W. J. Padilla. “Reconfigurable room temperature metamaterial infrared emitter.” Optica 4, no. 4 (April 20, 2017): 430–33. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.4.000430.
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  - Suen, J. Y., K. Fan, J. Montoya, C. Bingham, V. Stenger, S. Sriram, and W. J. Padilla. “Multifunctional metamaterial pyroelectric infrared detectors.” Optica 4, no. 2 (February 20, 2017): 276–79. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.4.000276.
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  - Liu, Mingkai, Mohamad Susli, Dilusha Silva, Gino Putrino, Hemendra Kala, Shuting Fan, Michael Cole, et al. “Ultrathin tunable terahertz absorber based on MEMS-driven metamaterial.” Microsystems & Nanoengineering 3 (January 2017): 17033. https://doi.org/10.1038/micronano.2017.33.
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  - Liu, Xinyu, Kebin Fan, Ilya V. Shadrivov, and Willie J. Padilla. “Experimental realization of a terahertz all-dielectric metasurface absorber.” Optics Express 25, no. 1 (January 2017): 191–201. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.000191.
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  - Fan, Kebin, Jonathan Suen, Xueyuan Wu, and Willie J. Padilla. “Graphene metamaterial modulator for free-space thermal radiation.” Optics Express 24, no. 22 (October 2016): 25189–201. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.025189.
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  - Suen, J. Y., and W. J. Padilla. “Superiority of terahertz over infrared transmission through bandages and burn wound ointments.” Applied Physics Letters 108, no. 23 (June 6, 2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953265.
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  - Chen, Wen-Chen, Andrew Cardin, Machhindra Koirala, Xianliang Liu, Talmage Tyler, Kevin G. West, Christopher M. Bingham, et al. “Role of surface electromagnetic waves in metamaterial absorbers.” Optics Express 24, no. 6 (March 2016): 6783–92. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.006783.
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  - Watts, C. M., C. C. Nadell, J. Montoya, S. Krishna, and W. J. Padilla. “Frequency-division-multiplexed single-pixel imaging with metamaterials.” Optica 3, no. 2 (February 20, 2016): 133–38. https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.3.000133.
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  - Liu, Mingkai, Kebin Fan, Willie Padilla, David A. Powell, Xin Zhang, and Ilya V. Shadrivov. “Tunable Meta-Liquid Crystals.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 28, no. 8 (February 2016): 1553–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201504924.
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  - Liu, Xinyu, and Willie J. Padilla. “Thermochromic Infrared Metamaterials.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 28, no. 5 (February 2016): 871–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201504525.
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  - Nadell, C. C., C. M. Watts, J. A. Montoya, S. Krishna, and W. J. Padilla. “Single Pixel Quadrature Imaging with Metamaterials.” Advanced Optical Materials 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 66–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201500435.
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  - Bae, Kyuyoung, Gumin Kang, Suehyun K. Cho, Wounjhang Park, Kyoungsik Kim, and Willie J. Padilla. “Flexible thin-film black gold membranes with ultrabroadband plasmonic nanofocusing for efficient solar vapour generation.” Nature Communications 6 (December 2015): 10103. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10103.
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  - Kang, G., K. Bae, M. Nam, D. H. Ko, K. Kim, and W. J. Padilla. “Broadband and ultrahigh optical haze thin films with self-aggregated alumina nanowire bundles for photovoltaic applications.” Energy and Environmental Science 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 2650–56. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ee01757b.
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  - Adomanis, B. M., C. M. Watts, M. Koirala, X. Liu, T. Tyler, K. G. West, T. Starr, et al. “Bi-layer metamaterials as fully functional near-perfect infrared absorbers.” Applied Physics Letters 107, no. 2 (July 13, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4926416.
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  - Liu, L., W. C. Chen, D. A. Powell, W. J. Padilla, F. Karouta, H. T. Hattori, D. N. Neshev, and I. V. Shadrivov. “Mechanically tunable bi-layer terahertz metamaterials.” Cleo: Science and Innovations, Cleo Si 2015, May 4, 2015, 2267. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_SI.2015.STu1H.8.
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  - Fan, K., and W. J. Padilla. “Dynamic electromagnetic metamaterials.” Materials Today 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.07.010.
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  - Liu, L., W. C. Chen, D. A. Powell, W. J. Padilla, F. Karouta, H. T. Hattori, D. N. Neshev, and I. V. Shadrivov. “Post-processing approach for tuning multi-layered metamaterials.” Applied Physics Letters 105, no. 15 (October 13, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4897949.
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  - Withayachumnankul, W., C. M. Shah, C. Fumeaux, B. S. Y. Ung, W. J. Padilla, M. Bhaskaran, D. Abbott, and S. Sriram. “Plasmonic Resonance toward Terahertz Perfect Absorbers.” Acs Photonics 1, no. 7 (July 16, 2014): 625–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/ph500110t.
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  - Shemelya, C., D. Demeo, N. P. Latham, X. Wu, C. Bingham, W. Padilla, and T. E. Vandervelde. “Stable high temperature metamaterial emitters for thermophotovoltaic applications.” Applied Physics Letters 104, no. 20 (May 19, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4878849.
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  - Savo, S., D. Shrekenhamer, and W. J. Padilla. “Liquid crystal metamaterial absorber spatial light modulator for THz applications.” Advanced Optical Materials 2, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 275–79. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201300384.
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  - Padilla, W. J. “Sparse imaging with metamaterials at terahertz frequencies.” Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics Europe Technical Digest 2014-January (January 1, 2014).
  - Padilla, W. J. “Sparse imaging with metamaterials at terahertz frequencies.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2014.
  - Tanaka, Y., K. Takano, Y. Okui, A. Chahadih, A. Ghaddar, X. L. Han, F. Vaurette, et al. “Terahertz properties of metallic checkerboard patterns and related structures.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 9275 (January 1, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2073672.
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  - Watts, C. M., D. Shrekenhamer, J. Montoya, G. Lipworth, J. Hunt, T. Sleasman, S. Krishna, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla. “Coded and compressive THz imaging with metamaterials.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 8985 (January 1, 2014). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2058082.
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  - Watts, C. M., D. Shrekenhamer, J. Montoya, G. Lipworth, J. Hunt, T. Sleasman, S. Krishna, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla. “Terahertz compressive imaging with metamaterial spatial light modulators.” Nature Photonics, 2014.
  - Watts, C. M., D. Shrekenhamer, J. Montoya, G. Lipworth, J. Hunt, T. Sleasman, S. Krishna, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla. “Terahertz compressive imaging with metamaterial spatial light modulators.” Nature Photonics 8, no. 8 (January 1, 2014): 605–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.139.
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  - Venkatesh, S., D. Shrekenhamer, W. Xu, S. Sonkusale, W. Padilla, and D. Schurig. “Interferometric direction finding with a metamaterial detector.” Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 25 (December 16, 2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4851936.
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  - Shrekenhamer, D., J. Montoya, S. Krishna, and W. J. Padilla. “Four-color metamaterial absorber THz spatial light modulator.” Advanced Optical Materials 1, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 905–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201300265.
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  - Siegel, P. H., T. Akalin, R. Beigang, W. Padilla, and M. Rahm. “Introduction to the special issue.” Ieee Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 3, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 689–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2285790.
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  - Pilon, D. V., C. H. Lui, T. -. H. Han, D. Shrekenhamer, A. J. Frenzel, W. J. Padilla, Y. S. Lee, and N. Gedik. “Spin-induced optical conductivity in the spin-liquid candidate herbertsmithite.” Physical Review Letters 111, no. 12 (September 2013): 127401. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.111.127401.
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  - Liu, X., and W. J. Padilla. “Dynamic Manipulation of Infrared Radiation with MEMS Metamaterials.” Advanced Optical Materials 1, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 559–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201300163.
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  - Kang, Gumin, Haesung Park, Dongheok Shin, Seunghwa Baek, Minjung Choi, Dai-Hyuk Yu, Kyoungsik Kim, and Willie J. Padilla. “Broadband light-trapping enhancement in an ultrathin film a-Si absorber using whispering gallery modes and guided wave modes with dielectric surface-textured structures.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 25, no. 18 (May 2013): 2617–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201204596.
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  - Shrekenhamer, David, Claire M. Watts, and Willie J. Padilla. “Terahertz single pixel imaging with an optically controlled dynamic spatial light modulator.” Optics Express 21, no. 10 (May 2013): 12507–18. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.012507.
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  - Shrekenhamer, David, Wen-Chen Chen, and Willie J. Padilla. “Liquid crystal tunable metamaterial absorber.” Physical Review Letters 110, no. 17 (April 2013): 177403. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.110.177403.
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  - Chen, W. C., N. I. Landy, K. Kempa, and W. J. Padilla. “A Subwavelength Extraordinary-Optical-Transmission Channel in Babinet Metamaterials.” Advanced Optical Materials 1, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 221–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201200016.
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  - Chen, W. C., N. I. Landy, K. Kempa, and W. J. Padilla. “Optical Transmission: A Subwavelength Extraordinary-Optical-Transmission Channel in Babinet Metamaterials (Advanced Optical Materials 3/2013).” Advanced Optical Materials 1, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 195–195. https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201370017.
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  - Rahm, M., J. S. Li, and W. J. Padilla. “THz wave modulators: A brief review on different modulation techniques.” Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-012-9946-2.
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  - Padilla, W. J. “Taming the blackbody with metamaterials for energy harvesting applications.” Laser Science, Ls 2012, December 1, 2012.
  - Shrekenhamer, David, Wangren Xu, Suresh Venkatesh, David Schurig, Sameer Sonkusale, and Willie J. Padilla. “Experimental realization of a metamaterial detector focal plane array.” Physical Review Letters 109, no. 17 (October 2012): 177401. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.109.177401.
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  - Xu, Wangren, Willie J. Padilla, and Sameer Sonkusale. “Loss compensation in metamaterials through embedding of active transistor based negative differential resistance circuits.” Optics Express 20, no. 20 (September 2012): 22406–11. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.022406.
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  - Watts, Claire M., Xianliang Liu, and Willie J. Padilla. “Metamaterial electromagnetic wave absorbers.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 24, no. 23 (June 2012): OP98–181. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201200674.
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  - Chen, W. C., C. M. Bingham, K. M. Mak, N. W. Caira, and W. J. Padilla. “Extremely subwavelength planar magnetic metamaterials.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 85, no. 20 (May 16, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.201104.
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  - Urzhumov, Y., W. Chen, C. Bingham, W. Padilla, and D. R. Smith. “Magnetic levitation of metamaterial bodies enhanced with magnetostatic surface resonances.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 85, no. 5 (February 27, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.054430.
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  - Chen, W. C., A. Totachawattana, K. Fan, J. L. Ponsetto, A. C. Strikwerda, X. Zhang, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Single-layer terahertz metamaterials with bulk optical constants.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 85, no. 3 (January 17, 2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.85.035112.
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  - Tao, H., E. A. Kadlec, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, E. A. Shaner, and X. Zhang. “Mems and metamaterial-based terahertz detector.” Technical Digest Solid State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop, January 1, 2012, 320–23. https://doi.org/10.31438/trf.hh2012.85.
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  - Chen, W. C., J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, D. R. Akalin, and W. J. Padilla. “Controlling Gigahertz and Terahertz Surface ElectromagneticWaves with Metamaterial Resonators.” Physical Review X 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.1.021016.
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  - Park, Haesung, Dongheok Shin, Gumin Kang, Seunghwa Baek, Kyoungsik Kim, and Willie J. Padilla. “Broadband optical antireflection enhancement by integrating antireflective nanoislands with silicon nanoconical-frustum arrays.” Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) 23, no. 48 (December 2011): 5796–5800. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201103399.
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  - Strikwerda, A. C., H. Tao, E. A. Kadlec, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, E. A. Shaner, and X. Zhang. “Metamaterial based terahertz detector.” Irmmw Thz 2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, December 1, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-THz.2011.6104818.
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  - Strikwerda, A. C., H. Tao, E. A. Kadlec, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, E. A. Shaner, and R. D. Averitt. “Metamaterial based terahertz detector.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, December 1, 2011.
  - Tao, Hu, Emil A. Kadlec, Andrew C. Strikwerda, Kebin Fan, Willie J. Padilla, Richard D. Averitt, Eric A. Shaner, and X. Zhang. “Microwave and terahertz wave sensing with metamaterials.” Optics Express 19, no. 22 (October 2011): 21620–26. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.021620.
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  - Kolb, P. W., T. S. Salter, J. A. McGee, H. D. Drew, and W. J. Padilla. “Extreme subwavelength electric GHz metamaterials.” Journal of Applied Physics 110, no. 5 (September 1, 2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3633213.
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  - Liu, Xianliang, Talmage Tyler, Tatiana Starr, Anthony F. Starr, Nan Marie Jokerst, and Willie J. Padilla. “Taming the blackbody with infrared metamaterials as selective thermal emitters.” Physical Review Letters 107, no. 4 (July 2011): 045901. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.107.045901.
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  - Shrekenhamer, David, Saroj Rout, Andrew C. Strikwerda, Chris Bingham, Richard D. Averitt, Sameer Sonkusale, and Willie J. Padilla. “High speed terahertz modulation from metamaterials with embedded high electron mobility transistors.” Optics Express 19, no. 10 (May 2011): 9968–75. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.009968.
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  - Tao, H., A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “MEMS based structurally tunable metamaterials at terahertz frequencies.” Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves 32, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 580–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-010-9646-8.
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  - Strikwerda, A. C., H. Tao, E. A. Kadlec, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, E. A. Shaner, and R. D. Averitt. “Metamaterial based terahertz detector.” 2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics: Laser Science to Photonic Applications, Cleo 2011, January 1, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1364/qels.2011.qtud6.
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  - Tao, H., W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Recent progress in electromagnetic metamaterial devices for Terahertz applications.” Ieee Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2047847.
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  - Tao, H., A. C. Strikwerda, M. Liu, J. P. Mondia, E. Ekmekci, K. Fan, D. L. Kaplan, et al. “Performance enhancement of terahertz metamaterials on ultrathin substrates for sensing applications.” Applied Physics Letters 97, no. 26 (December 27, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3533367.
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  - Rout, S., D. Shrekenhamer, S. Sonkusale, and W. Padilla. “Embedded HEMT/metamaterial composite devices for active terahertz modulation.” 2010 23rd Annual Meeting of the Ieee Photonics Society, Photinics 2010, December 1, 2010, 437–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/PHOTONICS.2010.5698947.
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  - Tao, H., A. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Structurally reconfigurable metamaterials at terahertz frequencies.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, December 1, 2010.
  - Peralta, X. G., I. Brener, W. J. Padilla, E. W. Young, A. J. Hoffman, M. J. Cich, R. D. Averitt, et al. “External modulators for TeraHertz Quantum Cascade Lasers based on electrically-driven active metamaterials.” Metamaterials 4, no. 2–3 (August 1, 2010): 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metmat.2010.04.005.
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  - Peng, Y., T. Paudel, W. C. Chen, W. J. Padilla, Z. F. Ren, and K. Kempa. “Percolation and polaritonic effects in periodic planar nanostructures evolving from holes to islands.” Applied Physics Letters 97, no. 4 (July 26, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3462935.
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  - Hao, J., J. Wang, X. Liu, W. J. Padilla, L. Zhou, and M. Qiu. “High performance optical absorber based on a plasmonic metamaterial.” Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 25 (June 21, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3442904.
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  - Tao, H., C. M. Bingham, D. Pilon, K. Fan, A. C. Strikwerda, D. Shrekenhamer, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “A dual band terahertz metamaterial absorber.” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 43, no. 22 (June 3, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/43/22/225102.
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  - Lee, Kwangchil, Youngjean Jung, Willie J. Padilla, and Kyoungsik Kim. “Elimination of phase singularity to achieve superresolution in lossy metamaterials.” Optics Express 18, no. 12 (June 2010): 12269–76. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.012269.
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  - Liu, Xianliang, Tatiana Starr, Anthony F. Starr, and Willie J. Padilla. “Infrared spatial and frequency selective metamaterial with near-unity absorbance.” Physical Review Letters 104, no. 20 (May 2010): 207403. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.104.207403.
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  - Akalin, T., and W. Padilla. “THz plasmonic waves launchers for metamaterials studies.” 2010 Ieee Photonics Society Winter Topicals Meeting Series, Wtm 2010, April 28, 2010, 36–37. https://doi.org/10.1109/PHOTWTM.2010.5421975.
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  - Schafgans, A. A., A. D. LaForge, S. V. Dordevic, M. M. Qazilbash, W. J. Padilla, K. S. Burch, Z. Q. Li, Seiki Komiya, Yoichi Ando, and D. N. Basov. “Towards a two-dimensional superconducting state of La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 in a moderate external magnetic field.” Physical Review Letters 104, no. 15 (April 2010): 157002. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.104.157002.
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  - LaForge, A. D., A. A. Schafgans, S. V. Dordevic, W. J. Padilla, K. S. Burch, Z. Q. Li, K. Segawa, et al. “Possibility of magnetic-field-induced reconstruction of the Fermi surface in underdoped cuprates: Constraints from infrared magneto-optics.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 81, no. 6 (February 19, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.064510.
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  - Liu, X., S. MacNaughton, D. B. Shrekenhamer, H. Tao, S. Selvarasah, A. Totachawattana, R. D. Averitt, M. R. Dokmeci, S. Sonkusale, and W. J. Padilla. “Metamaterials on parylene thin film substrates: Design, fabrication, and characterization at terahertz frequency.” Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 1 (February 8, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3275015.
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  - Tao, H., A. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Structurally reconfigurable metamaterials at terahertz frequencies.” Lasers and Electro Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference: 2010 Laser Science to Photonic Applications, Cleo/Qels 2010, January 1, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2010.ctuf3.
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  - Akalin, T., and W. Padilla. “Plasmonic waveguides and metamaterial components at terahertz frequencies.” Apmc 2009 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference 2009, December 1, 2009, 2444–46. https://doi.org/10.1109/APMC.2009.5385481.
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  - Tao, H., A. Strikwerda, K. Fan, C. M. Bingham, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Flexible terahertz metamaterials on polyimide substrates.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, December 1, 2009.
  - Tao, H., C. M. Bingham, A. Strikwerda, D. Pilon, D. Shrekenhamer, N. I. Landy, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Flexible wide angle terahertz resonant absorber based on perfectly impedance matched metamaterials.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, December 1, 2009.
  - Tao, H., A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, C. Bingham, N. I. Landy, D. Shrekenhamer, D. Pilon, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Flexible and reconfigurable terahertz metamaterials.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 7394 (November 18, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.826249.
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  - Tao, H., A. Strikwerda, K. Fan, C. M. Bingham, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Flexible terahertz metamaterials on polyimide substrates.” 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Cleo/Qels 2009, November 18, 2009.
  - Peralta, X. G., I. Brener, W. J. Padilla, E. W. Young, A. J. Hoffman, M. J. Cich, R. D. Averitt, et al. “External modulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using electrically-driven active metamaterials.” 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Cleo/Qels 2009, November 16, 2009.
  - Tao, Hu, A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Reconfigurable terahertz metamaterials.” Physical Review Letters 103, no. 14 (October 2009): 147401. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.103.147401.
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  - Landy, Nathan I., and Willie J. Padilla. “Guiding light with conformal transformations.” Optics Express 17, no. 17 (August 2009): 14872–79. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.014872.
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  - Tao, H., A. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, and X. Zhang. “Thrahertz metamaterials with simultaneously negative electric and magnetic resonance based on bimaterial pop up structures.” Proceedings of the Ieee International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (Mems), June 1, 2009, 108–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMSYS.2009.4805331.
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  - Peralta, X. G., M. C. Wanke, C. L. Arrington, J. D. Williams, I. Brener, A. Strikwerda, R. D. Averitt, et al. “Large-area metamaterials on thin membranes for multilayer and curved applications at terahertz and higher frequencies.” Applied Physics Letters 94, no. 16 (May 6, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3114416.
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  - Laforge, A. D., W. J. Padilla, K. S. Burch, Z. Q. Li, A. A. Schafgans, K. Segawa, Y. Ando, and D. N. Basov. “Magnetic field induced modification of superfluid density and interplane spectral weight in YBa2 Cu3 Oy.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 79, no. 10 (March 3, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.104516.
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  - Landy, N. I., C. M. Bingham, T. Tyler, N. Jokerst, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla. “Design, theory, and measurement of a polarization-insensitive absorber for terahertz imaging.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 79, no. 12 (March 3, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.125104.
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  - Chen, H. T., W. J. Padilla, M. J. Cich, A. K. Azad, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor. “A metamaterial solid-state terahertz phase modulator.” Nature Photonics 3, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 148–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2009.3.
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  - Li, Z. Q., S. W. Tsai, W. J. Padilla, S. V. Dordevic, K. S. Burch, Y. J. Wang, and D. N. Basov. “Erratum: Infrared probe of the anomalous magnetotransport of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in the extreme quantum limit (Physical Review B (2006) 74 (195404)).” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 79, no. 7 (February 12, 2009). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.079902.
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  - Chen, H. T., W. J. Padilla, M. J. Cich, A. K. Azad, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor. “A broadband terahertz metamaterial electrical modulator.” 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Cleo/Qels 2009, January 1, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2009.cthx1.
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  - Peralta, X. G., I. Brener, W. J. Padilla, E. W. Young, A. J. Hoffman, M. J. Cich, R. D. Averitt, et al. “External modulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using electrically-driven active metamaterials.” 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Cleo/Qels 2009, 2009.
  - Tao, H., C. M. Bingham, A. Strikwerda, D. Pilon, D. Shrekenhamer, N. I. Landy, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Flexible wide angle terahertz resonant absorber based on perfectly impedance matched metamaterials.” 2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics and 2009 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Cleo/Qels 2009, January 1, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2009.cthff2.
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  - Tao, H., A. C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, C. M. Bingham, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Terahertz metamaterials on free-standing highly-flexible polyimide substrates.” Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 41, no. 23 (December 1, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/41/23/232004.
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  - Tao, H., C. M. Bingham, A. C. Strikwerda, D. Pilon, D. Shrekenhamer, N. I. Landy, K. Fan, X. Zhang, W. J. Padilla, and R. D. Averitt. “Highly flexible wide angle of incidence terahertz metamaterial absorber: Design, fabrication, and characterization.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 78, no. 24 (December 1, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.241103.
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  - Tao, H., N. I. Landy, K. Fan, A. C. Strikwerda, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, and X. Zhang. “Flexible terahertz metamaterials: Towards a terahertz metamaterial invisible cloak.” Technical Digest International Electron Devices Meeting, Iedm, December 1, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM.2008.4796673.
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  - Yuan, Y., C. Bingham, T. Tyler, S. Palit, T. H. Hand, W. J. Padilla, N. M. Jokerst, and S. A. Cummer. “A dual-resonant terahertz metamaterial based on single-particle electric-field-coupled resonators.” Applied Physics Letters 93, no. 19 (November 21, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3026171.
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  - Bingham, Christopher M., Hu Tao, Xianliang Liu, Richard D. Averitt, Xin Zhang, and Willie J. Padilla. “Planar wallpaper group metamaterials for novel terahertz applications.” Optics Express 16, no. 23 (November 2008): 18565–75. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.018565.
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  - Chen, H. T., S. Palit, T. Tyler, C. M. Bingham, J. M. O. Zide, J. F. O’Hara, D. R. Smith, et al. “Hybrid metamaterials enable fast electrical modulation of freely propagating terahertz waves.” Applied Physics Letters 93, no. 9 (September 15, 2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2978071.
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  - Hand, T. H., Y. Yu, S. Palit, C. Bingham, M. Rahm, D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, N. Jokerst, and S. A. Cummer. “Dual-band planar electric THz metamaterial with resonator yield analysis.” 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, Cleo/Qels, September 15, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO.2008.4552339.
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  - Hand, T. H., Y. Yuan, S. Palit, C. Bingham, M. Rahm, D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, N. Jokerst, and S. A. Cummer. “Dual-band planar electric THz metamaterial with resonator yield analysis.” Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science (Qels) Technical Digest Series, September 15, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/QELS.2008.4552848.
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  - Peralta, X. G., C. L. Arrington, M. C. Wanke, I. Brener, J. D. Williams, E. Smirnova, A. J. Taylor, et al. “Flexible, large-area metamaterials fabricated on thin silicon nitride membranes.” 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, Cleo/Qels, September 15, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO.2008.4551092.
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  - LaForge, A. D., W. J. Padilla, K. S. Burch, Z. Q. Li, A. A. Schafgans, Kouji Segawa, Yoichi Ando, and D. N. Basov. “Sum rules and interlayer infrared response of the high temperature YBa2Cu3Oy superconductor in an external magnetic field.” Physical Review Letters 101, no. 9 (August 2008): 097008. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.101.097008.
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  - Yuan, Yu, Christopher Bingham, Talmage Tyler, Sabarni Palit, Thomas H. Hand, Willie J. Padilla, David R. Smith, Nan Marie Jokerst, and Steven A. Cummer. “Dual-band planar electric metamaterial in the terahertz regime.” Optics Express 16, no. 13 (June 2008): 9746–52. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.009746.
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  - Chen, H. T., J. F. O’Hara, A. K. Azad, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, D. B. Shrekenhamer, and W. J. Padilla. “Experimental demonstration of frequency-agile terahertz metamaterials.” Nature Photonics 2, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 295–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2008.52.
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  - Tao, Hu, Nathan I. Landy, Christopher M. Bingham, Xin Zhang, Richard D. Averitt, and Willie J. Padilla. “A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: design, fabrication and characterization.” Optics Express 16, no. 10 (May 2008): 7181–88. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.007181.
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  - Landy, N. I., S. Sajuyigbe, J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and W. J. Padilla. “Perfect metamaterial absorber.” Physical Review Letters 100, no. 20 (May 2008): 207402. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.100.207402.
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  - Brener, I., X. G. Peralta, W. J. Padilla, E. W. Young, A. J. Hoffman, M. J. Cich, R. D. Averitt, et al. “External modulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using metamaterials.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2008.
  - Hand, T. H., Y. Yuan, S. Palit, C. Bingham, M. Rahm, D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, N. Jokerst, and S. A. Cummer. “Dual-band planar electric THz metamaterial with resonator yield analysis.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2008.
  - Hand, T. H., Y. Yuan, S. Palit, C. Bingham, M. Rahm, D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, N. Jokerst, and S. A. Cummer. “Dual-band planar electric THz metamaterial with resonator yield analysis.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2008.
  - Peralta, X. G., C. L. Arlington, J. D. Williams, A. Strikwerda, R. D. Averitt, W. J. Padilla, J. F. O’Hara, and I. Brener. “Terahertz metamaterials on thin silicon nitride membranes.” Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings 1077 (January 1, 2008): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1557/proc-1077-l07-18.
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  - Peralta, X. G., C. L. Arrington, M. C. Wanke, I. Brener, J. D. Williams, E. Smirnova, A. J. Taylor, et al. “Flexible, large-area metamaterials fabricated on thin silicon nitride membranes.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2008.
  - Tao, H., A. Strikwerda, C. Bingham, W. J. Padilla, X. Zhang, and R. D. Averitt. “Dynamical control of terahertz metamaterial resonance response using bimaterial cantilevers.” Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, January 1, 2008, 856–59.
  - Averitt, R. D., W. J. Padilla, H. T. Chen, J. F. O’Hara, A. J. Taylor, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, J. M. O. Zide, S. R. Bank, and A. C. Gossard. “Terahertz metamaterial devices.” Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering 6772 (December 1, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.751613.
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  - Chen, H. T., W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, S. R. Bank, A. C. Gossard, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, J. F. O’Hara, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Active metamaterials: A novel approach to manipulate terahertz waves: Invited paper.” Irmmw Thz2007 Conference Digest of the Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimetre Waves, and 15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, December 1, 2007, 337–39.
  - Landy, N. I., H. T. Chen, J. F. OHara, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Metamaterials for novel terahertz and millimeter wave devices.” Conference Proceedings of the International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics, December 1, 2007, 151–56. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSE.2007.4294436.
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  - O’Hara, J. F., E. Smirnova, H. T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and W. J. Padilla. “Properties of planar electric metamaterials for novel terahertz applications.” Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2007.008.
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  - Padilla, Willie J. “Semiconductors: a new class of metamaterials.” Nature Materials 6, no. 12 (December 2007): 922–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2065.
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  - LaForge, A. D., W. J. Padilla, K. S. Burch, Z. Q. Li, S. V. Dordevic, K. Segawa, Y. Ando, and D. N. Basov. “Interlayer electrodynamics and unconventional vortex state in Y Ba2 Cu3 Oy.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 76, no. 5 (August 31, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054524.
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  - Chen, Hou-Tong, Willie J. Padilla, Joshua M. O. Zide, Seth R. Bank, Arthur C. Gossard, Antoinette J. Taylor, and Richard D. Averitt. “Ultrafast optical switching of terahertz metamaterials fabricated on ErAs/GaAs nanoisland superlattices.” Optics Letters 32, no. 12 (June 2007): 1620–22. https://doi.org/10.1364/ol.32.001620.
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  - Driscoll, T., D. N. Basov, W. J. Padilla, J. J. Mock, and D. R. Smith. “Electromagnetic characterization of planar metamaterials by oblique angle spectroscopic measurements.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 75, no. 11 (March 13, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.115114.
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  - Nemat-Nasser, Syrus C., Alireza V. Amirkhizi, Willie J. Padilla, Dimitri N. Basov, Sia Nemat-Nasser, Derek Bruzewicz, and George Whitesides. “Terahertz plasmonic composites.” Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics 75, no. 3 Pt 2 (March 2007): 036614. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.75.036614.
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  - Chen, Hou-Tong, John F. O’Hara, Antoinette J. Taylor, Richard D. Averitt, Clark Highstrete, Mark Lee, and Willie J. Padilla. “Complementary planar terahertz metamaterials.” Optics Express 15, no. 3 (February 2007): 1084–95. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.001084.
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  - Padilla, Willie J. “Group theoretical description of artificial electromagnetic metamaterials.” Optics Express 15, no. 4 (February 2007): 1639–46. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.15.001639.
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  - Padilla, W. J., M. T. Aronsson, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Electrically resonant terahertz metamaterials: Theoretical and experimental investigations.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 75, no. 4 (January 25, 2007). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.041102.
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  - Chen, H. -. T., W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Terahertz switch/modulator based on metamaterials.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2007.
  - Chen, H. T., J. F. O’Hara, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and W. J. Padilla. “Novel terahertz electric metamaterials.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2007.
  - Chen, H. T., W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Electrical control of terahertz metamaterials.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2007.
  - O’Hara, J. F., E. Smirnova, H. -. T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and W. J. Padilla. “Properties of novel terahertz electric metamaterials.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2007.
  - O’Hara, J. F., H. T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Dynamically frequency tunable terahertz metamaterials.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2007.
  - O’Hara, J. F., H. T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Split-ring resonator enhanced terahertz antenna.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2007.
  - Padilla, W. J., A. J. Taylor, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and R. D. Averitt. “Dynamical electric and magnetic metamaterial response at terahertz frequencies.” Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Cleo/Qels 2006, December 1, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO.2006.4627768.
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  - Li, Z. Q., S. W. Tsai, W. J. Padilla, S. V. Dordevic, K. S. Burch, Y. J. Wang, and D. N. Basov. “Infrared probe of the anomalous magnetotransport of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite in the extreme quantum limit.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 74, no. 19 (November 10, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.74.195404.
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  - Chen, Hou-Tong, Willie J. Padilla, Joshua M. O. Zide, Arthur C. Gossard, Antoinette J. Taylor, and Richard D. Averitt. “Active terahertz metamaterial devices.” Nature 444, no. 7119 (November 2006): 597–600. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05343.
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  - Smith, D. R., J. Gollub, J. J. Mock, W. J. Padilla, and D. Schurig. “Calculation and measurement of bianisotropy in a split ring resonator metamaterial.” Journal of Applied Physics 100, no. 2 (August 11, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2218033.
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  - Padilla, W. J., D. N. Basov, and D. R. Smith. “Negative refractive index metamaterials.” Materials Today 9, no. 7–8 (July 1, 2006): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71573-5.
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  - Padilla, W. J., A. J. Taylor, C. Highstrete, Mark Lee, and R. D. Averitt. “Dynamical electric and magnetic metamaterial response at terahertz frequencies.” Physical Review Letters 96, no. 10 (March 2006): 107401. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.107401.
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  - Padilla, W. J., A. J. Taylor, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and R. D. Averitt. “Dynamical electric metamaterial response at terahertz frequencies.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1364/meta.2006.wd8.
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  - Padilla, W. J., A. J. Taylor, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and R. D. Averitt. “Dynamical electric metamaterial response at Terahertz frequencies.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1364/up.2006.tud5.
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  - Padilla, W. J., D. R. Smith, and D. N. Basov. “Spectroscopy of metamaterials from infrared top optical frequencies.” Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics 23, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 404–14. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.23.000404.
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  - Padilla, W. J., M. T. Aronsson, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Novel electrically resonant terahertz metamaterials.” Optics Infobase Conference Papers, January 1, 2006.
  - Martin, M. C., H. Zhao, A. Liddle, E. H. Anderson, W. J. Padilla, D. Schurig, and D. R. Smith. “Fabrication and optical measurements of nanoscale meta-materials: Terahertz and beyond.” The Joint 30th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 13th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, 2005. Irmmw Thz 2005 1 (December 1, 2005): 34–35.
  - Padilla, W. J., M. Dumm, S. Komiya, Y. Ando, and D. N. Basov. “Infrared signatures of hole and spin stripes in La2-xSrxCuO4.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 72, no. 20 (November 15, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.205101.
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  - Lee, Y. S., Z. Q. Li, W. J. Padilla, S. V. Dordevic, C. C. Homes, K. Segawa, Y. Ando, and D. N. Basov. “Strong-coupling effects in cuprate high-Tc superconductors by magneto-optical studies.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 72, no. 17 (November 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.172511.
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  - Lee, Y. S., K. Segawa, Z. Q. Li, W. J. Padilla, M. Dumm, S. V. Dordevic, C. C. Homes, Y. Ando, and D. N. Basov. “Electrodynamics of the nodal metal state in weakly doped high- Tc cuprates.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 72, no. 5 (August 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.054529.
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  - Padilla, W. J., Y. S. Lee, M. Dumm, G. Blumberg, S. Ono, K. Segawa, S. Komiya, Y. Ando, and D. N. Basov. “Constant effective mass across the phase diagram of high- Tc cuprates.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 72, no. 6 (August 1, 2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.060511.
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  - Padilla, W. J., T. J. Yen, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, X. Zhang, and D. N. Basov. “Infrared spectroscopy and ellipsometry of magnetic metamaterials.” Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of Spie 5732 (July 21, 2005): 460–69. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.581787.
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  - Padilla, W. J., Z. Q. Li, K. S. Burch, Y. S. Lee, K. J. Mikolaitis, and D. N. Basov. “Broadband multi-interferometer spectroscopy in high magnetic fields: From THz to visible.” Review of Scientific Instruments 75, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 4710–17. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1805252.
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  - Yen, T. J., W. J. Padilla, N. Fang, D. C. Vier, D. R. Smith, J. B. Pendry, D. N. Basov, and X. Zhang. “Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 303, no. 5663 (March 2004): 1494–96. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094025.
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  - Basov, D. N., S. V. Dordevic, E. J. Singley, W. J. Padilla, K. Burch, J. E. Elenewski, L. H. Greene, J. Morris, and R. Schickling. “Subterahertz spectroscopy at He-3 temperatures.” Review of Scientific Instruments 74, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 4703–10. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1614855.
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  - Wu, D., N. Fang, C. Sun, X. Zhang, W. J. Padilla, D. N. Basov, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz. “Terahertz plasmonic high pass filter.” Applied Physics Letters 83, no. 1 (July 7, 2003): 201–3. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1591083.
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  - Wu, D., N. Fang, C. Sun, X. Zhang, W. J. Padilla, D. N. Basov, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz. “Artificial plasmonic metamaterial fabricated by micro-stereolithography.” American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Micro Electromechanical Systems Division Publication (Mems) 5 (January 1, 2003): 89–91. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41569.
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  - Padilla, W. J., D. Mandrus, and D. N. Basov. “Searching for the Slater transition in the pyrochlore Cd2Os2O7 with infrared spectroscopy.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 66, no. 3 (July 15, 2002): 351201–5. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.66.035120.
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  - Padilla, W. J., D. Mandrus, and D. N. Basov. “Searching for the Slater transition in the pyrochlore Cd2Os2O7 with infrared spectroscopy.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 66, no. 3 (July 15, 2002): 351201–5.
  - Padilla, W. J., D. Mandrus, and D. N. Basov. “Searching for the Slater transition in the pyrochlore Cd₂Os₂O₇ with infrared spectroscopy.” Physical Review B Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 66, no. 3 (2002): 351201–5.
  - Smith, D. R., W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz. “Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity.” Physical Review Letters 84, no. 18 (May 2000): 4184–87. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.4184.
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  - Smith, D. R., W. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz. “Negative permeability from split ring resonator arrays.” Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics Europe Technical Digest, January 1, 2000, 49.
  - Smith, D. R., D. C. Vier, W. Padilla, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz. “Loop-wire medium for investigating plasmons at microwave frequencies.” Applied Physics Letters 75, no. 10 (September 6, 1999): 1425–27. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.124714.
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- Book Sections
  - Padilla, W. J. “Light-Matter interactions.” In Optical Techniques for Solid-State Materials Characterization, 3–38, 2016.
- Conference Papers
  - Khatib, O., S. Ren, J. Malof, and W. J. Padilla. “Informed Deep Learning in Metamaterials.” In 2023 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium, Aces Monterey 2023, 2023. https://doi.org/10.23919/ACES57841.2023.10114734.
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  - Dong, J., S. Ren, Y. Deng, O. Khatib, J. Malof, M. Soltani, W. Padilla, and V. Tarokh. “BLASCHKE PRODUCT NEURAL NETWORK (BPNN): A PHYSICS-INFUSED NEURAL NETWORK FOR PHASE RETRIEVAL OF MEROMORPHIC FUNCTIONS.” In Iclr 2022 10th International Conference on Learning Representations, 2022.
  - Khatib, O., D. Gu, J. Smith, W. R. Deal, W. J. Padilla, and S. C. Reising. “Planar Metamaterial Absorbers for Calibration of Microwave Radiometers for Atmospheric Remote Sensing.” In International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (Igarss), 2022-July:7212–17, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS46834.2022.9884105.
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  - Fang, H., W. Xie, X. Li, K. Fan, Y. T. Lai, B. Sun, S. Bai, W. J. Padilla, and P. C. Hsu. “A Triple-Mode Mid-infrared Modulator for All-Surface Radiative Thermal Management.” In 2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, Cleo 2021 Proceedings, 2021.
  - Fang, H., W. Xie, X. Li, K. Fan, Y. T. Lai, B. Sun, S. Bai, W. J. Padilla, and P. C. Hsu. “A triple-mode mid-infrared modulator for all-surface radiative thermal management.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2021.
  - Khatib, O., T. Tyler, W. J. Padilla, N. M. Jokerst, and H. O. Everitt. “Strain mapping with THz metamaterial composites.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2021.
  - Deng, Y., S. Ren, K. Fan, J. M. Malof, and W. J. Padilla. “Machine Learning for Exotic Metasurfaces.” In International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Irmmw Thz, 2020-November:25, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRMMW-THz46771.2020.9370973.
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  - Khatib, O., T. Tyler, W. J. Padilla, N. M. Jokerst, and H. O. Everitt. “Strain Mapping with THz Metamaterial Composites.” In International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Irmmw Thz, 2020-November:317, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRMMW-THz46771.2020.9370546.
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  - Khatib, O., T. Tyler, W. J. Padilla, N. M. Jokerst, and H. O. Everitt. “Strain sensing with THz metamaterial composites.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2020.
  - Ren, S., W. J. Padilla, and J. Malof. “Benchmarking deep inverse models over time, and the neural-adjoint method.” In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Vol. 2020-December, 2020.
  - Liu, M., M. Susli, D. Silva, G. Putrino, H. Kala, S. Fan, M. Cole, et al. “Ultrathin tunable terahertz absorbers based on electrostatically actuated metamaterial.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 11159, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2534282.
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  - Ming, X., W. J. Padilla, L. Sun, and H. Yang. “Temporal coupled mode theory for all-dielectric perfect absorbers.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10622, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2288506.
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  - Padilla, W. J., K. Fan, J. Y. Suen, and X. Liu. “All-dielectric metasurfaces for THz imaging and sensing.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, Vol. Part F110-Sensors 2018, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1364/SENSORS.2018.SeW3J.3.
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  - Liu, M., M. Susli, D. Silva, G. Putrino, H. Kala, S. Fan, M. Cole, et al. “Fast tunable terahertz absorber based on a MEMS-driven metamaterial.” In 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, Cleo 2017 Proceedings, 2017-January:1–2, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_AT.2017.FM1G.5.
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  - Liu, M., M. Susli, D. Silva, G. Putrino, H. Kala, S. Fan, M. Cole, et al. “Fast tunable terahertz absorber based on a MEMS-driven metamaterial.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, Vol. Part F42-CLEO_QELS 2017, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2017.FM1G.5.
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  - Ming, X., W. J. Padilla, and L. Sun. “Frequency division multiplexing THz light field imaging.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 10383, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2282078.
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  - Liu, M., K. Fan, W. Padilla, D. A. Powell, X. Zhang, and I. V. Shadrivov. “Mimicking liquid crystals with metamaterials.” In 2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, Cleo 2016, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2016.fth3d.7.
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  - Montoya, J., A. Cardin, Z. B. Tian, S. Krishna, and W. Padilla. “Design and fabrication of a multispectral infrared metamaterial detector.” In 2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, Cleo 2016, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2016.sth1g.3.
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  - Shrekenhamer, D., J. A. Miragliotta, M. Brinkley, K. Fan, F. Peng, J. A. Montoya, S. Gauza, S. T. Wu, and W. J. Padilla. “Electronic and thermally tunable infrared metamaterial absorbers.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 9918, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238666.
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  - Liu, M., K. Fan, W. Padilla, D. A. Powell, X. Zhang, and I. V. Shadrivov. “Mimicking Liquid Crystals with Metamaterials.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2016.
  - Montoya, J., A. Cardin, Z. B. Tian, S. Krishna, and W. Padilla. “Design and Fabrication of a Multispectral Infrared Metamaterial Detector.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2016.
  - Padilla, W. J., C. M. Watts, J. Montoya, C. C. Nadell, and S. Krishna. “Quadrature & frequency diverse terahertz imaging with metamaterials.” In Irmmw Thz 2015 40th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2015.7327620.
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  - Padilla, W. J., C. M. Watts, and C. C. Nadell. “Digital metamaterials for single pixel imaging in the Far Infrared.” In 2015 1st Ursi Atlantic Radio Science Conference, Ursi at Rasc 2015, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/URSI-AT-RASC.2015.7302851.
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  - Padilla, Willie, Claire M. Watts, Christian Nadell, John A. Montoya, and Sanjay Krishna. “Metamaterial-based single pixel imaging system (Presentation Recording).” In Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems 2015, edited by Nader Engheta, Mikhail A. Noginov, and Nikolay I. Zheludev. SPIE, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2189836.
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  - Liu, X., and W. J. Padilla. “Artificial electrochromic & thermochromic infrared metamaterials.” In International Conference on Optical Mems and Nanophotonics, Vol. 02-05-August-2015, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/OMN.2015.7288852.
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  - Padilla, W. J., and X. Liu. “Taming blackbody radiation with MEMS metamaterials.” In International Conference on Optical Mems and Nanophotonics, Vol. 02-05-August-2015, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/OMN.2015.7288874.
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  - Padilla, W. J. “Sparse imaging with metamaterials at terahertz frequencies.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2014.sth4f.1.
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  - Padilla, W. J., D. Shrekenhamer, and C. M. Watts. “THz imaging with metamaterials.” In International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Irmmw Thz, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2013.6665723.
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  - Shrekenhamer, D., C. M. Watts, J. Montoy, S. Krishna, and W. J. Padilla. “Metamaterial-based imaging for potential security applications.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 8632, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2013145.
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  - Padilla, W. J. “Taming the blackbody with metamaterials for energy harvesting applications.” In Laser Science, Ls 2012, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1364/ls.2012.lth3g.1.
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  - Padilla, W. J. “Blackbody engineering with metamaterials.” In 34th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Irmmw Thz 2009, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMW.2009.5324669.
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  - Chen, H. T., W. J. Padilla, M. J. Cich, A. K. Azad, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor. “A broadband terahertz metamaterial electrical modulator.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2009.
  - Padilla, W. J. “Metamaterial devices for the terahertz gap.” In Apmc 2009 Asia Pacific Microwave Conference 2009, 1297–98, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/APMC.2009.5384460.
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  - Chen, H. T., J. F. O’Hara, A. K. Azad, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor. “Terahertz metamaterials.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 7214, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.812052.
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  - Chen, H. T., A. K. Azad, J. F. O’Hara, A. J. Taylor, W. J. Padilla, and R. D. Averitt. “Dynamic Metamaterials at Terahertz Frequencies,” 92:645–47, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95946-5_209.
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  - O’Hara, J. F., H. T. Chen, A. K. Azad, E. Simrnova, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor. “Active THz metamaterials.” In 33rd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and the 16th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, 2008, Irmmw Thz 2008, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMW.2008.4665859.
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  - Padilla, W. J., H. Chen, N. I. Landy, C. Bingham, H. Tao, X. Zhang, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Metamaterials for the terahertz gap.” In 33rd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and the 16th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, 2008, Irmmw Thz 2008, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIMW.2008.4665869.
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  - Chen, H. T., A. K. Azad, D. Shrekenhamer, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, A. J. Taylor, and J. F. O’Hara. “Frequency tunable terahertz metamaterials.” In Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science (Qels) Technical Digest Series, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1109/QELS.2008.4553046.
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  - Padilla, W. J., H. T. Chen, J. F. O’Hara, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Opto-electronic control of terahertz metamaterials.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6801, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.759163.
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  - Brener, I., X. G. Peralta, W. J. Padilla, E. W. Young, A. J. Hoffman, M. J. Cich, R. D. Averitt, et al. “External modulation of terahertz quantum cascade lasers using metamaterials.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1364/meta_plas.2008.mwc1.
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  - Chen, H. T., J. F. O’Hara, A. K. Azad, D. Shrekenhamer, W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, R. D. Averitt, and A. J. Taylor. “Active terahertz metamaterial devices.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1364/meta_plas.2008.mmd5.
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  - Padilla, Willie. “Filling the electromagnetic void - metamaterial devices for the THz gap.” In Proceedings of the 2008 International Workshop on Metamaterials, edited by T. J. Cui and D. R. Smith, 6–6. IEEE, 2008.
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  - Tao, H., C. Bingham, A. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W. J. Padilla, R. D. Averitt, and X. Zhang. “MEMS and metamaterials: A perfect marriage at terahertz frequencies.” In Technical Digest Solid State Sensors, Actuators, and Microsystems Workshop, 54–55, 2008. https://doi.org/10.31438/trf.hh2008.15.
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  - Chen, H. T., W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Terahertz switch/modulator based on metamaterials.” In Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, 2007, Cleo 2007, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO.2007.4452937.
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  - O’Hara, J. F., E. Smirnova, H. T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and W. J. Padilla. “Properties of novel terahertz electric metamaterials.” In Conference on Lasers and Electro Optics, 2007, Cleo 2007, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEO.2007.4452938.
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  - Landy, N. I., H. T. Chen, J. F. O’Hara, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Terahertz metamaterials for active, tunable, and dynamical devices.” In Proceedings of Spie the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 6581, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.724394.
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  - Chen, H. T., J. F. O’Hara, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and W. J. Padilla. “Novel terahertz electric metamaterials.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1364/otst.2007.wa7.
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  - Chen, H. T., W. J. Padilla, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Electrical control of terahertz metamaterials.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1364/meta.2007.tud4.
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  - Chen, Hou-Tong, Willie J. Padilla, Joshua M. O. Zide, Seth R. Bank, Arthur C. Gossard, Clark Highstrete, Mark Lee, John F. O’Hara, Antoinette J. Taylor, and Richard D. Averitt. “Active metamaterials: a novel approach to manipulate terahertz waves.” In 2007 Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Vols 1 and 2, 331-+. IEEE, 2007.
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  - Landy, N. I., H. T. Chen, J. M. O. Zide, A. C. Gossard, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, J. F. O’Hara, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Metamaterials and their THz applications.” In Irmmw Thz2007 Conference Digest of the Joint 32nd International Conference on Infrared and Millimetre Waves, and 15th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, 30–33, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2007.4516383.
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  - Landy, Nathan I., Hou-Tong Chen, John F. OHara, Joshua M. O. Zide, Arthur C. Gossard, Clark Highstrete, Mark Lee, Antoinette J. Taylor, Richard D. Averitt, and Willie J. Padilla. “Metamaterials for Novel Terahertz and Millimeter Wave Devices.” In 2007 International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics, Vols 1 and 2, 145-+. IEEE, 2007.
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  - O’Hara, J. F., H. T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Split-ring resonator enhanced terahertz antenna.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1364/nlo.2007.tub2.
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  - O’Hara, J. F., H. T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, R. D. Averitt, and W. J. Padilla. “Dynamically frequency tunable terahertz metamaterials.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1364/meta.2007.tub18.
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  - Averitt, R. D., H. T. Chen, A. J. Taylor, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, and W. J. Padilla. “Dynamical metamaterials at terahertz frequencies.” In Conference Proceedings Lasers and Electro Optics Society Annual Meeting Leos, 480–81, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2006.279224.
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  - Padilla, W. J., M. T. Aronsson, C. Highstrete, M. Lee, A. J. Taylor, and R. D. Averitt. “Novel electrically resonant terahertz metamaterials.” In Optics Infobase Conference Papers, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1364/meta.2006.tha5.
    Full Text
  - Flores, A. G., M. Zazo, J. Íñiguez, V. Raposo, C. De Francisco, J. M. Muñoz, and W. J. Padilla. “Ferromagnetic resonance in double perovskite Ba2FeMoO6.” In Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 254–255:583–85, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00904-6.
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  - Wu, D., N. Fang, C. Sun, X. Zhang, W. Padilla, D. Basov, and D. Smith. “Fabrication and characterization of THz plasmonic filter.” In Proceedings of the Ieee Conference on Nanotechnology, 2002-January:229–31, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2002.1032234.
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  - Smith, D. R., W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, R. Shelby, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, N. Kroll, and S. Schultz. “Left-handed metamaterials.” In Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century, edited by C. M. Soukoulis, 563:351–71. SPRINGER, 2001.
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